Hardware Requirement

•32-bit Intel based processor, at

least an Intel or compatible 80386,
80486, or Pentium-class
microprocessor is required.

•400 MHz Pentium is

recommended for a graphical
interface and 200 MHz for text.

•Normally 64MB RAM for Text, and

192 MB for graphical. (Linux can
run on as little as 12 MB RAM).

•At least 2GB free hard disk space

for a standard installation,
including applications; 3 to 6 GB or
more is recommended for a full
installation (all applications).
 Installation Methods

 Red Hat Installation CD-ROM.

 NFS Image.

 Kick Start

 FTP

 HTTP
 Red Hat Installation through CD

• To boot from a CD-Rom or DVD-Rom,

you may first have to change the boot

sequence setting in your computer’s

BIOS so that the computer will try to

boot first from the CD-Rom.

 NFS Image

• NFS (Network File Sharing): It is a common

method to share files.

• An image of an operating system is taken

already which is connected remotely to install

the image in a system.

• The image system is first mounted and

operating system path is given to get into the

installation.
 Kick Start Installation

• Till now we have seen attended installation, where

the user have to interact with the system.
• The kick start installation is known as unattended
installation where the user appearance is not
necessary.
• The system will automatically install the operating
system into the machine including the device
installation, hard disk partition, assigning of ip
address etc.,
Red Hat Installation

Press Enter, to
install in
Graphical
mode.
Red Hat Installation

Type linux
text, to
install in
Text mode.
Red Hat Installation

Type linux
askmethod to
either through
HTTP, Hard dis
NFS.
Red Hat Installation

Type linux text

askmethod to install
either through FTP,
HTTP, Hard disk and
NFS.
Installation Setup Screen
The Installation
Mode is selected here

Type Linux Text and press

enter for Text mode
Installation
Just press enter for
graphical mode
Installation.
Hardware Detection

Hardware
detection process
 Select the
Installation
language.
Redhat Installations

Select the type

of keyboard
layout.
Redhat Installations

Select the
appropriate
type of
installation.
Redhat Installations

Select the
appropriate
NFS type
installation.
Redhat Installations

Select this
option to
assign an
dynamic ip
address.
Redhat Installations

Enter the
appropriate
ip address
Redhat Installations

Enter the
information of
server ip
address and
directory.
Redhat Installations

The
Anaconda-
Red Hat
Installer
begins the
Installation.
Redhat Installations

Hardware
detection process
Redhat Installations
Redhat Installations

The Red Hat Linux

Welcomes
you.
 Select the Partitioning Type

Select this for

simpler
automatic
partitioning.

Click here for manual

partitioning. Raid and
LVM also can be
configured (Disk Druid
tool can be used only
while installation)
Redhat Installations

Click here to
create new
partition in the
free space
 Creating Partition for /boot directory

Select the file

Enter the system type here.
mount points ( ext2, ext3 for
here.( /boot ) normal partition
and swap for swap
partition)
Enter the
size of the
partitions
here.
 Creating Partition for / directory

Select the file

Enter the system type here.
mount points ( ext2, ext3 for
here.( / ) normal partition and
swap for swap
partition)
Enter the
size of the
partitions
here.
 Creating Partition for swap directory

Enter the
mount points
here.(swap)

Enter the
size of the
partitions
here.
 Redhat Installations

The final
view all the
mounting
point.
 To Set Boot Loader

Click here
to change
the default
GRUB and LILO
boot loader
are the Red Hat
Linux boot loaders.
GRUB is the Default
Loader of Red Hat
Linux 8.0
The default boot
operating system
can be changed
or added here
Redhat Installations

eth0 means first

Ethernet card
its address
getting from
Hostname
DHCP.
also getting
from DHCP
server..
 Firewall Configuration

No firewall option
allows all network
services to your
machine
No firewall option
allows all network
services to your
machine
Redhat Installations

Activate your
SELINUX options Enable firewall
option allows
specific network
services to your
machine
Redhat Installations
Redhat Installations

Choose the
default
language for
the system.
Redhat Installations

Time zone is
selected
here.
Redhat Installations

Enter the
password for
the root (Super
User)
 Redhat Installations
Its reading
package
information's.
 Redhat Installations
Select customize
This is used to select
options to customize
the default package.
the package
selections
 Package Selection

The Packages to be
installed are selected
here. Even the office
(Like MS-Office
in windows)
Packages are
available inbuilt
in Red Hat
installation CD
 Package Selection

Checking and
installing the
packages.
Beginning of Installation

Click next to begin

the actual
installation which
begins writing the
operating system
in the hard drives.
Installing Packages

Creating the file

system in the
installation
partition.
Installing Packages

The installation
image is copied
to the hard
drive.
Installing Packages

Initializing the
installation
process
Installing Packages

Preparing for
the installation
process
Installing Packages

Installation of Installation of
packages under tzdata
progress packages
Installing Packages

Installation of
packages under
progress
Installing Packages

Installation of
packages under
progress
 Installation of
packages under
progress
 Installing Packages

Installation of
packages under
progress
Installing Packages

Installation of
packages under
progress
 Installing Packages

Performing the
post install
configuration.
 Reboot the System

The Red Hat Installation is

completed successfully.
Remove any Installation
media and boot disks.
And reboot the system.
Rebooting
 GRUB boot loader

Highlight the
operating system
and press enter to
boot.
Loading Kernel
Initializing hardware devices
Initializing services
Welcome to Red Hat Setup

Welcome
The Red Hat to
setup agent Red Hat Linux
will proceed Setup agent
some
More basic
configurations
Before the system
is ready
to use.
License agreement
Setting date and time
 Graphics configuration

Select the screen

resolution suiting
Select the Colour
your monitor and
depth-the number of
display card
distinct colours
required supporting
the video card
Installed
Red Hat Login

To register the
system to Red Hat
enter the Login
name and
password.
Red Hat Login

If you don’t have

redhat login select
this option to create
a new login.
 Red Hat Login

Enter this
option to know
the details
 Red Hat Login

Click here to
The update agent register with
registers the the Red Hat
machine with network
Red Hat network
So that the latest
Software packages
Get updated
Click here to
automatically
skip
registration
System user creation.

Create non
administrative user to
access the system.
Sound Card Configuration

Tests sounds for the 3

Sound getting channels in sound
Configured card can be heard by
automatically selecting play test
sound
To Install additional
softwares

Click here to install

any additional
software.
Finishing Setup

The Red Hat

setup agent
Finishes the
setup
Login Screen
Login Screen

Red Hat supports

many languages,
the language can
be selected
before login.
 Login Screen

The kind of
desktop can be
selected here.
Login Screen

The system can

be rebooted
using the
option.
Login Screen

The system can

be restarted
using the
option.
Login Screen

Enter the
user Name
 Login Screen

Enter the
user
Password.
Loading the user settings.
Red Hat Startup Screen
Now the Red Hat
Linux
is ready for use.
 Kernel initialization
• As systems boots, kernel get initialized
and the following functions are occurred.
• Device detection: kernel will compile the
device drivers and locate it to the
corresponding devices.

• Mounts root file system: After the device

detection the kernel will mount the root file
system as read only.

• Load initial process: The very first process (init)

is then loaded.
• Init :
Initial process
• It is the superior of all processes.
• As soon as init process is loaded the control is
passed from kernel to this process.

• /etc/inittab:
• File which contains the information on how init
should setup the system in every run level, as
well as the run level to use a default.
 Run levels

• init 0 : Shutdown the system or halt

• init 1 : Single-user mode.

• init 2 : Multi-user mode with out networking support.

• init 3 : Multi-user mode with networking support.

• init 4 : Unused.

• init 5 : Graphical user interface.

• init 6 : Reboot the system.

Run level configuration file

Get in to the
inittab file, the
init
configuration
file.
Run level configuration file

The default
run level
can be
changed
here.
 CONSOLES

• Text-mode login at virtual console

• Multiple non-GUI logins are possible
• Default consoles are in text mode
• Available through CTRL-ALT-F[1-6]

• Graphical login
• Graphical console comes through CTRL-ALT-F7
 X Window System

• It is the foundation for the graphical user

Interface of Red Hat Linux.

• X applications communicate with a display

via. The X protocol.

• X is OS Independent.

• It is available on many platforms.

 X Protocol

• It hides the individual details of the OS and the underlying hardware.

• X protocol is a asynchronous network protocol for the

communication between X client and X Server.

• It defines how the graphical primitives are communicated between X

client and server.
 Multiple Desktop
Environments
• The X Window System of Red Hat provides two

Desktop Environments.

• GNOME (GNU Network Object Modules

Environment).

• KDE (K desktop Environment).

 GNOME
• It is the default desktop environment for Red

Hat Linux.

• It is Power full and easy-to-use desktop

environment consisting primarily of a panel and

a set of GUI tools.

• GNOME is free and hence its source code can

be downloaded form the GNOME Web Site:

www.gnome.org.
 GNOME Interface
• The GNOME Interface consists of a Panel and a Desktop.

• Panel appears as a long bar across the bottom of screen.

• Panel holds Menus, Programs and Applets.

• The Remainder Screen is the Desktop. Here you can place

directories, files or programs.
GNOME Desktop
GNOME Menus
GNOME Menus
 KDE
• KDE provides an alternative desktop environment with full set of
integrated network and internet applications.

• Along with GNOME features, It also includes

• Konsole : Highly configurable graphical terminal.

• Konqueror : A file manager and web browser.

• Kmail : A graphical email client.

• Kdevelop : Integrated development.

KDE Desktop
KDE Desktop
KDE Desktop
KDE Desktop
 Starting X Window
• The X window start automatically, If so then
a Graphical login screen is prompted by the
Display manager.

• Alternatively use startx to get in to X window

from non-windowing console.
Start X

To get in to X
window from
run level-3
Start X
 Desktop Selection
Select failsafe in
case of any
graphical failure To get in to the
previously used
desktop

To get the default

desktop.
To get in to
GNOME desktop.
To get in to KDE
desktop.
KDE MODE
If you click yes
the KDE desktop
is set as default
desktop for
future sessions
(or) login

If you click No,

only the current
session is set to
KDE.
Switchdesk

To change the
desktop
environment.
Switchdesk

To switch from kde to

gnome desktop
Switchdesk

Thus we switched into

GNOME desktop
 Linux File System Directories
Directory Function

/ Begins the file system structure – called the root.

/boot Hold the kernel image files and associated boot
information and files.
/home Contains user’s home directories.

/sbin Holds administration-level commands and any

commands used by the root user.
/dev Holds file interface for devices such as the terminal
and the printer.
/etc Holds system configuration files and any other
system files.
/etc/opt Holds system configuration files for application in
/opt
 Linux File System Directories
Directory Function

/etc/X11 Holds system configuration files for the X Window

System and its applications.
/bin Holds the essential user commands and utility
programs.
/lib Holds essential shared libraries and kernel modules.

/lib/modules Holds the kernel modules.

/mnt Used to hold directories for mounting file systems

like CD-ROMs or floppy disks that are mounted only
temporarily.
/opt Holds added software applications (for example,
KDE on some distributions).
 Linux File System Directories
Directory Function

/proc Process directory, a memory-resident directory

containing files used to provide information about
the system.
/tmp Holds temporary files.

/usr Holds those files and commands used by the

system; this directory breaks down into several
subdirectories.
/var Holds files that vary, such as mailbox and FTP files.