E
MERGENCY
S
PANISH
G
RAMMAR
I
MPERATIVE
➢
Informal sg.
Remove terminal s from 2
nd
sg. present tense.
➢
Informal pl.
Add a ‘d’ to the stem of the infinitive.
➢
Informal negative.
Use second person present subjunctive.
➢
Formal.
Use the third person subjunctive.InformalFormalSingular¡Aprende!¡Aprenda!Plural¡Aprended!¡Aprendan! Negative singular¡No aprendas!¡No aprenda! Negative plural¡No aprendáis!¡No aprendan!
P
RONOUNSAND
D
ETERMINERS
SubjectDirect objectIndirect object
1
With prepositions
2
yomememítútetetiél/ellalo/lale (se)el/ella
nosotrosnosnosnosotrosvosotrosososvosotrosellos/ellaslos/lasles (se)ellos/ellas
In a sentence, the indirect object precedes the direct, which precedes the verb. However, the pronouns must be attached tothe end of infinitives, gerunds and imperatives, e.g.
Muéstramelo
– show it to me.
Subject
ReflexivePossessiveadjectivesPossessive pronouns
yomemimío
tutetutuyo
el/ellasesusuyo
nosotrosnosnuestronuestrovosotrososvuestrovuestroellos/ellassesusuyo
Genitive pronouns: cuyo, cuyos, cuya, cuyas.
Definite
& indefinitearticles
MasculineFeminineSingularUn
El
Una
La
PluralUnos
Los
Unas
Las
1(se) is used when both a direct and indirect object are present, e.g.
Dáselo
– give it to him/her/them;2Exceptions:
conmigo
,
contigo
.
C
OMPARATIVE
➢
La casa es
más
grande
que
el banco.
➢
El banco es
menos
grande
que
la casa.
➢
Tiene
más de veinte
manzanas.(
No
tiene
más que veinte
ovejas = (s)he has only 20 sheep.)
➢
El banco es
tan
interesante
como
la casa.
S
UPERLATIVE
➢
La tienda es
la casa más
ruidosa.
➢
El banco es
el más
ruidoso.
➢
La casa es pequeñ
ísima
.
D
ECLENSIONOF
A
DJECTIVES
MasculineFeminineSingularblanc
o
blanc
a
Pluralblanc
os
blanc
as
P
REPOSITIONS
➢
en = in/on
➢
a = to
➢
a + el = al = to the
➢
de = of/from
➢
de + el = del = of/from the
➢
con = with
➢
al lado de = at the side of
G
ENDERS
➢
Nouns ending in ción,sión, ez, umbre, dad, tad,tud are feminine.
➢
Most nouns ending inma are masculine.
➢
Día, mapa, planeta, sofáare masculine.
➢
Mano and radio arefeminine.
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Spanish Grammar Reference
Pocket guide to the grammar of Spanish. You should be familiar with this grammar already to make any use of this, since I compiled a lot of the information from online sources; I am not a fluent speaker myself.
See http://www.corfizz.com/#GrammarRefs for a foldable version.
See http://www.corfizz.com/#GrammarRefs for a foldable version.
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