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Descriptive Programming in QTP

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What is Descriptive Programming?

Providing Objects information directly into the Test Script, instead of storing objects
information in the Object Repository.

Descriptive Programming is a method of performing operation on the object which is not

there in Object Repository. We can also use programmatic descriptions to perform the
same operation on several objects with certain identical properties, or to perform an
operation on an object whose properties match a description that we determine
dynamically during the run session.

Tests using Descriptive programming are faster than Tests using Object Repository

Benefits of Descriptive Programming

If the AUT (Application Under Test) is having Dynamic Objects, then it is better to use
descriptive programming. Incase of object repository, it is Difficult to handle dynamic
Objects.

When we have more objects to perform operations, in performance point of view

descriptive programming is better than object repository method. If we use object
repository for generating huge tests, then QTP performance will be decreased.

Descriptive Programming is useful if the AUT is having objects that are adding in the Run
Time. We can’t add Objects to Object Repository in run time.

If we need to start Test Automation process before the AUT is ready

Descriptive Programming is useful, if the AUT is having similar type of objects or similar
name objects. Incase of Object Repository, It will create multiple objects with same
description unnecessarily.

Shared Object Repository is not changeable by multiple persons at a time.

Maintenance becomes harder if all the team members have created their own object
repositories. In this situation Descriptive Programming is very flexible.

Tests using Descriptive Programming can be executed in any version of QTP without any
changes.

Code Portability: Just code is enough to run Tests. We can copy and paste in other scripts
for any other required requirement.

Reusing of Properties: We can assign properties to a global variable and reuse it for same
type of objects.

Plug & Play: Any time Tests will be in ready to run state. No need to worry about any
other settings or files.

Just Maintenance of variables: We can store the object properties in the form of variables
in a txt / vbs file which will be placed in central location. In this case we just need to
maintain that file.

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Types of Programmatic Descriptions (Descriptive Programming)

1) Static: - We enter the set of properties and values that describe the object directly in
a VBScript statement.

a) Direct specification of description in script

Browser(“micclass:=Browser”).Page(micclass:=page”).Link(“name:=gcreddy”).Click

b) Assigning description to the variables and use that variables in script

g_MainBrowser =“micclass:=Browser”
g_MainPage =“micclass:=Page”
g_Lnk_Login =“name:=Login”

Browser(g_MainBrowser).Page(g_MainPage).Link(g_Lnk_Login).Click

2. Dynamic: - We add a collection of properties and values to a Description object, and

then enter the Description object name in the statement.

Set oBrowser = Description.create

oBrowser (“micclass”).value=”Browser”
oBrowser (“name”).value= “Google”

Set oPage = Description.create

oPage (“micclass”).value=”Page”
oPage (“name”).value= “Google”

Set oLink = Description.create

oLink (“name”).value= “Login”
oLink (“index”).value= 1

Browser(oBrowser).Page(oPage).Link(oLink).click

Using the Static type to enter programmatic descriptions directly into your statements
may be easier for basic object description needs. However, in most cases, using the
Dynamic type provides more power, efficiency, and flexibility.

Handling Runtime added objects / Dynamic Objects / Same Description Objects

Dynamic objects : Property values are getting changed regularly.

Same Description Objects : Property values are same for multiple objects.

Runtime Added Object : Object is not there in recording time but it might be add in
runtime.

Ex: Always the job links in Naukri and Monster sites will get update.

Child object method is very useful to get control on Runtime added objects or dynamic
objects or same description objects which are there application.

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Ex1: If there are multiple signin links on the page, using child objects method we can click
on any signin link.

Descriptive Programming Examples:

Dim oLinkDescription
Dim oLinks
Dim lnkCount

Set oLinkDescription=Description.Create
oLinkDescription("name").value="signin"

set
oLinks=browser("micclass:=Browser").page("micclass:=Page").ChildObject
s(oLinkDescription)

if oLinks.count <>0 then

oLinks(0).click

End If
‘***********************************************************

This code will click on the first signin link. To click on second signin link
replace ‘oLinks(0).click to oLinks(1).click in ‘if’ condition. In the same
manner if any object properties are changed we can get index of the object
using childobjects method.

Ex2: If there is a login page having username, password, signin button

fields. Think that the signin button property is getting changed frequently
from signin to login or enter. Then we can use child objects method to get
the buttons count from the page, and then using index we click on the
button which we want.

Set oButtonDescription=Description.Create
oButtonDescription ("micclass").value="Button"
set
oButtons=browser("micclass:=Browser").page("micclass:=Page").ChildObj
ects(oButtonDescription)

for cnt=0 to oButtons.count-1

oButtons(cnt).highlight
Next

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The above code will highlight all buttons in the page. This will make easy to
identify the index of the button. Using index we can easily click on the
button.

What method do we need to follow... Static or Dynamic?

There is no rule that we have to use static or dynamic. But based on

situation we have to decide whether we need to use static or dynamic. If a
single property is enough for an object then go for static. And go for
Dynamic if multiple properties need to specify for an object. EX:

‘Static

Public const LoginPage_Edit_UserName = “name:=UserName”

Public const LoginPage_Edit_PassWord = “name:=Password”

Public const LoginPage_Button_Login = “name:=Login”

To use these constants in your script always it’s a good practice to follow is
Keep these constants in a vbs file and associate to your QTP Test.

‘Dynamic

If you’re going for dynamic the only problem is repetitive code. Every time
we need use description.create which leads to more maintenance. There
are three objects and if we want to use multiple properties for those
objects we need to write description.create for three times.

Solution:

Public const LoginPage_Edit_UserName = “name:=UserName”

Public const LoginPage_Edit_PassWord = “name:=Password”

Set LoginPage_Button_Login =
CreateObjectDescription(“name:=Login,type:=submit”)

‘***********************************************************
*******
Function CreateObjectDescription(StrProperties)
Dim objDescription
Dim ObjArr
Dim PropCount

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Dim ObjProperty

Set objDescription=Description.Create

ObjArr=split(StrProperties,",")

For PropCount=0 to ubound(ObjArr)

ObjProperty=split(ObjArr(PropCount),":=")
objDescription(ObjProperty(0)).value=ObjProperty(1)
Next

Set CreateObjectDescription=objDescription
End Function
‘***********************************************************
*******

This function gives a way to use multiple properties for any number of
objects with less code maintenance. But the only one rule is we need follow
is ‘set’ statement. Because the return value of the function
CreateObjectDescription is a description object. To store any object in a
variable we need to use ‘Set” statement.

The parameter which you pass to the function should be in string format.

EX: Set LoginPage_Button_Login =

CreateObjectDescription(“name:=Login,type:=submit”)

Can I Use the combination of Object Repository and Descriptive

programming in a statement?

Yes. But the hierarchy must be in Test Object to Descriptive.

Ex:‘Acceptable

Browser(OR LogicalName).Page(OR LogicalName).Link(“name:Login”).click

Or
Browser(OR LogicalName).Page(“micclass:Page”).Link(“name:Login”).click

Here the hierarchy is Test Object to Descriptive. Browser and page are
representing Object Repository names and the link is taking description.

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‘Not acceptable

Browser(“micclass:=Browser”).Page(OR
LogicalName).Link(“name:Login”).click
Or
Browser(“micclass:=Browser”).Page(“micclass:=Page”).).Link(OR
LogicalName).click

This means that from the point where you have started giving description
to the objects in a statement, you must continue giving description to the
total objects in that hierarchy.

Using Regular Expressions

You can directly use regular expressions in the properties.

Ex1:
Public const LoginPage_Edit_UserName = “name:=UserName.*”

Ex2:
Browser(“micclass:=Browser”).Page(micclass:=page”).Link(“name:=Login.
*”).Click

Ex3:
Set oLink = Description.create
oLink (“name”).value= “Login.*”
oLink (“index”).value= 1

Browser(“micclass:=Browser”).Page(micclass:=page”).Link(oLink).click

By default regular expressions for description object is enable. To disable

Regular expressions for description object

Set oLink = Description.create

oLink (“name”).value= “Login.*”
oLink (“name”).RegularExpression=False
oLink (“index”).value= 1

In continuation of my old post Descriptive Programming in QTP, I

prepared this sample script for the beginners of Descriptive
Programming.

'This is a sample script on Flight Reservation Application using

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Descriptive Programming
'Script Flow :- Open Flight Reservation Application --> Login --> Insert
Order --> Open Order --> Delete Order
'Object Descriptions created in the script by using
CreateObjectDescription Function.
'If object is using only one property then i have created a constant for
it.

'*********************************************************
**********************
'Input Variables
'*********************************************************
**********************
Dim ApplicationPath
ApplicationPath=Environment("ProductDir")&"\samples\flight\app\flight4
a.exe"

'*********************************************************
**********************
'Object Description Constants
'*********************************************************
**********************
'Login

Public Const Login_Dialog="text:=Login"

Set
Login_Edit_AgentName=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Edit,att
ached text:=Agent Name:")
Set
Login_Edit_Password=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Edit,attac
hed text:=Password:")
Set
Login_Btn_OK=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=OK
")

'Flight Reservation Window

Public Const FlightReservation_Window="text:=Flight Reservation"

Public Const FlightReservation_Menu= "menuobjtype:=2"
Public Const FlightReservation_OpenOrder_Menu="File;Open Order..."
Public Const FlightReservation_NewOrder_Menu="File;New Order"

Set FlightReservation_Obj_DateOfFlight=

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CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=MSMaskWndClass,attached
text:=Date of Flight:")
Set FlightReservation_Cmb_FlyFrom=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=ComboBox,attached text:=Fly
From:")
Set FlightReservation_Cmb_FlyTo=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=ComboBox,attached text:=Fly
To:")
Set FlightReservation_Btn_Flight=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=FLIGHT")
Set
FlightReservation_Edit_Name=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=E
dit,attached text:=Name:")
Set
FlightReservation_Edit_Tickets=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=
Edit,attached text:=Tickets:")
Set
FlightReservation_Rdb_Class=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Bu
tton,text:=First")
Set FlightReservation_Btn_InsertOrder=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=&Insert Order")
Set FlightReservation_Btn_UpdateOrder=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=&Update Order")
Set FlightReservation_Btn_DeleteOrder=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=&Delete Order")
Set
FlightReservation_Edit_OrderNo=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:
=Edit,attached text:=Order No:")

'Select Flights Dialog

Public Const FlightReservation_Dialog_FlightsTable= "text:=Flights

Table"

Set FlightsTable_Lst_FlightList=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=ListBox,attached text:=From")
Set FlightsTable_Btn_OK=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=OK")

'Open Order Dialog

Public Const FlightReservation_Dialog_OpenOrder="text:=Open Order"

Set

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OpenOrder_ChkBtn_OrderNo=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Bu
tton,text:=&Order No.")
Set
OpenOrder_Btn_OK=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text
:=OK")
Set
OpenOrder_Edit_OrderNo=CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Edit,
window id:=1016")

'Flight Reservation Popup Dialog

Public Const FlightReservations_PopupDialog="text:=Flight
Reservations"
Set FlightReservations_Btn_YES=
CreateObjectDescription("nativeclass:=Button,text:=&Yes")

''********************************************************
***********************
'Object Description Constants End
'*********************************************************
**********************

'############################################
#################################
'Main Script Start
'############################################
#################################
'Open Application
Call OpenApplication (ApplicationPath)

'Login
Call Login("Sudhakar","Mercury")

'Insert an Order
OrderInserted=InsertOrder()

'Open Inserted Order

Call OpenOrder(OrderInserted)

'Delete Inserted Order

Call DeleteOrder (OrderInserted)

'Close Application
Call CloseApplication()

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'############################################
#################################
'Main Script End
'############################################
#################################

'Functions Start
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function OpenApplication(AppPath)
InvokeApplication AppPath
End Function
'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function Login(iUserName,iPassword)

Dialog(Login_Dialog).WinEdit(Login_Edit_AgentName).Set iUserName
Dialog(Login_Dialog).WinEdit(Login_Edit_Password).Set iPassword
Dialog(Login_Dialog).WinButton(Login_Btn_OK).Click

If err.Description="" Then
Reporter.ReportEvent micPass,"Login","Login Successful"
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Login","Login Failed"
End If
End Function
'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function InsertOrder()

Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinMenu(FlightReservation_Menu).
Select FlightReservation_NewOrder_Menu
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinObject(FlightReservation_Obj_D
ateOfFlight).Type "111111"
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinComboBox(FlightReservation_C
mb_FlyFrom).Select "Denver"
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinComboBox(FlightReservation_C
mb_FlyTo).Select "Frankfurt"
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinButton(FlightReservation_Btn_Fl
ight).Click

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Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservation_Dialog_Fli
ghtsTable).WinList(FlightsTable_Lst_FlightList).Select 0
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservation_Dialog_Fli
ghtsTable).WinButton(FlightsTable_Btn_OK).Click
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinEdit(FlightReservation_Edit_Na
me).Set "sudhakar kakunuri"
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinEdit(FlightReservation_Edit_Tick
ets).Set 10
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinRadioButton(FlightReservation_
Rdb_Class).Set
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinButton(FlightReservation_Btn_I
nsertOrder).Click
Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinButton(FlightReservation_Btn_D
eleteOrder).WaitProperty "enabled",true,10000
InsertOrder=Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinEdit(FlightReservat
ion_Edit_OrderNo).GetROProperty("text")

If err.Description="" Then
Reporter.ReportEvent micPass,"Insert Order","Order Inserted
Successfully"
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Insert Order","Failed in Inserting an
Order"
End If

End Function

'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function OpenOrder(OrderNumber)

Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinMenu(FlightReservation_Menu).
Select FlightReservation_OpenOrder_Menu
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservation_Dialog_Op
enOrder).WinCheckBox(OpenOrder_ChkBtn_OrderNo).Set "ON"
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservation_Dialog_Op
enOrder).WinEdit(OpenOrder_Edit_OrderNo).Set OrderNumber
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservation_Dialog_Op
enOrder).WinButton(OpenOrder_Btn_OK).Click

If err.Description="" Then
Reporter.ReportEvent micPass,"Open Order","Order Opened

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Successfully"
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Open Order","Failed in Opening an
Order"
End If

End Function
'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function DeleteOrder(OrderNumber)

Call OpenOrder(OrderNumber)

Window(FlightReservation_Window).WinButton(FlightReservation_Btn_D
eleteOrder).Click
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Dialog(FlightReservations_PopupDia
log).WinButton(FlightReservations_Btn_YES).Click

If err.Description="" Then
Reporter.ReportEvent micPass,"Delete Order","Order Deleted
Successfully"
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Delete Order","Failed in Deleting an
Order"
End If

End Function
'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************

Function CloseApplication()
Window(FlightReservation_Window).Close
If err.Description="" Then
Reporter.ReportEvent micPass,"Close Application","Application
Closed Successfully"
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Close Application","Failed in Closing
the Application"
End If
End Function

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'*********************************************************
**********************
'*********************************************************
**********************
Function CreateObjectDescription(StrProperties)

Dim objDescription
Dim ObjArr
Dim PropCount
Dim ObjProperty

Set objDescription=Description.Create

ObjArr=split(StrProperties,",")

For PropCount=0 to ubound(ObjArr)

ObjProperty=split(ObjArr(PropCount),":=")
objDescription(ObjProperty(0)).value=ObjProperty(1)
Next

Set CreateObjectDescription=objDescription

End Function

'*********************************************************
**********************
'Functions End

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