PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Learning Outcome
5.1 Angular parameters (1 hour)

At the end of this chapter, students should be

able to:

Define angular displacement (θ ),
average angular velocity (ωav),
instantaneous angular velocity (ω),
CHAPTER 5: average angular acceleration (αav), and
Rotational Kinematics instantaneous angular acceleration (α).
(4 Hours)
Use and convert the angular parameter
units.
1 2

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

5.1 Angular Parameters 5.1.1 Angular Displacement, θ
1. Definition
ANGULAR PARAMETERS
Angular displacement,θ is defined ___________
_________________________________________.*
or
Displacement Velocity Acceleration
as ______________________________________
__________________________________________
_________________________________________.*
_________________________________________.
Angular Average Angular Average Angular
Displacement, Velocity, ωav
. Acceleration, αav
.
(*as shown in Figure 5.1)
∆θ
Instantaneous Instantaneous
Angular Velocity, Angular Acceleration,
ω α Figure 5.1
3 4
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
2. Equation: 5.1.1 Angular Displacement, θ (cont…
(cont…..)

Figure 5.1shows a point P on a
rotating compact disc (CD) moves o Sign convention of angular displacement
through an arc length s on a ________ – if the rotational motion is ______________.
______________
circular path of radius r about a ________ – if the rotational motion is ____________.
____________
fixed axis through point O. Thus,
3. SI Unit
Figure 5.1 o ________________
OR
4. Unit Conversion
where θ : angle (angular displacement) in radian
s : arc length
r : radius of the circle dg=
1e36 =
018

v1red2π
a=
36°0
08°163
5 rd1a= 6

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 1: 5.1.2 Angular velocity
Convert the following angular displacement to
1. Average angular velocity, ωav
(a) in radian
(i) 60° i. Definition
(b) in degrees Average angular velocity, ωav is defined ___________
(i) π rad ___________________________________________.
ω AV
ii. Equation :
∆θ
Solution :

(a) (i) where

θ2 : final angular displacement in radian
(b) (i) θ1 : initial angular displacement in radian
7 ∆t : time interval 8
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
2. Instantaneous angular velocity, ω
6. Unit conversion :
i. Definition
Instantaneous angular velocity, ω is the _______________
_________________________________________________.
Note:
Every part of a rotating rigid body has the same angular
ii. Equation : velocity.

3. It is a ___________________.
___________________.
4. The unit of angular velocity is _______________________
5. Other units are ________________________________________

9 10

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 2:
(b) 25 rad s-1 → rps
Express (a) 100 revolutions per minute (rpm) in rad s-1
(b) 25 rad s-1 in revolutions per second

Solution :

(a) 100 rpm → rad s-1

11 12
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Example 3: Solution :

If the angular the displacement, θ of rotating wheel is given by (i) t1 = 3.0 s and t2 = 5.0 s
t3
θ = 2π +
4
determine,
(i) the average angular velocity at time t1 = 3.0 s and t2 = 5.0 s
(ii) instantaneous angular velocity at time t = 5.0 s

(ii) ω at t = 5.0 s

13 14

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

5.1.3 Angular Acceleration 5.1.3 Angular Acceleration (cont…..)
1. Average angular acceleration, αAV 2. Instantaneous angular acceleration, α

i. Definition i. Definition
Average angular acceleration, αAV is defined ________ Instantaneous angular acceleration is defined __________
____________________________________________. ____________________________________________.

ii. Equation :
ii. Equation :

where
ω2 : final angular velocity
ω1 : initial angular velocity
∆t : time interval 15 16
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
5.1.3 Angular Acceleration (cont…..) Example 4:

3. It is a ___________________. The instantaneous angular velocity, ω of the bicycle wheel is given

by .
4. The unit of angular acceleration is __________________ ω = 6 t 3 + 2t 2
Note: Calculate,
 If the angular acceleration,α is positive, then the angular a. the instantaneous angular velocity at time, t = 2.0 s
velocity,ω is increasing.
b. the average angular acceleration between t1=2.0 s and t2=5.0 s
 If the angular acceleration,α is negative, then the angular
velocity,ω is decreasing. c. the instantaneous angular acceleration at time, t=3.0 s

17 18

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Solution: Example 5:
Instantaneous angular velocity, ω = 6t 3 + 2t 2
The initial velocity of a motorcycle is 2.2 rad s-1. After passing
a. ω at time, t = 2.0 s
over a hole, one of tires of motorcycle and velocity drops to
1.7 rad s-1. In a time interval of 5 minutes, calculate the
average angular acceleration.
b. ωAV between t1= 2.0 s and t2= 5.0 s

Solution:

19 20
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Exercise 5.1: Exercise 5.1:
1. The angular position θ of the blade of a fan is given by
(
θ = 2.5 rad s -1 t 2) 3. A particle moves along a circular path of radius 3.0 m with an
angular velocity 20 rad s-1.
Determine the angle θ, in radians and in degrees, at times
Calculate,
a. t1 = 1.0 s and
a. the angular velocity in revolutions per second
b. t2 = 3.0 s
b. the time for one revolution
Ans: 0.5 rad, 28.6º; 4.5 rad, 257.8º
c. displacement in one minute
2. If a disc 30 cm in diameter rolls 65 m along a straight line without
slipping, calculate Ans: 3.2 rev s-1; 0.31 s; 1200 rad

a. the number of revolutions would it makes in the process,

4. An engine requires 5 s to go from its idling speed of 600 rpm
b. the angular displacement would be through by a speck of gum to 1200 rpm. What is its angular acceleration?
on its rim.
Ans: 12.6 rad s-1
ANS. : 69 rev; 138π
138π rad 21 22

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Relationship between
Learning Outcome linear & rotational motion

5.2 Relationship between linear & rotational Relationship

between
motion (1 hour) Relationship between tangential
linear velocity, v and acceleration, at
At the end of this chapter, students should be angular velocity, ω and angular
able to: acceleration, α

Relate parameters in rotational motion
with their corresponding quantities in
linear motion at = rα
2
v s = rθ
s = rθ , v = rω , at = rα , ac = rω 2 =
r v = rω v2
ac = = rω 2
r
23 24
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
5.2 Relationship between linear & rotational 5.2.1 Relationship between linear velocity, v and
motion angular velocity, ω (cont…)
5.2.1 Relationship between linear velocity, v and  Point P moves in a circle with tangential velocity, v where
angular velocity, ω the magnitude given by
y
r
v
P
r s Figure 5.2
θ x

 When the rigid body is rotating , every particle of the rigid  The ___________of the _____________________ always
body moves in a circle about rotation axis as shown in the ____________________________.
Figure 5.2. 25 26

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

5.2.1 Relationship between linear velocity, v and 5.2.2 Relationship between tangential acceleration, at
angular velocity, ω (cont…
(cont…)
and angular acceleration, α
y

Every particle on the rigid body has the _____________ r
________ (magnitude of angular velocity) but the _____ at
______ is __ the _____ because the radius of the circle,r r P
is _________________________________________. a r
ac
Simulation 5.1
x
O

Each point or particle of a rotating rigid body moves in a Figure 5.3
circular motion with the axis of rotation as the centre.
The arc length s covered by the particle in time ∆t is
given by s = r θ  If the ___________ is ______________________ then the
_______________ of a particle also_________ hence ___
component of _____________ are __________ as shown
in Figure 5.3.
27 28
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
5.2.2 Relationship between tangential acceleration, at
and angular acceleration, α (cont…..)
 The components are _________________ and _________
________________ given by equations below.
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
5.2.2 Relationship between tangential acceleration, at
and angular acceleration, α (cont…..)
 The ________________________________________ of
a particle in a rotating body is _____________________
given by

the magnitude,

and

29 30

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 6: Solution:
A particle moves along a circular path of radius 3.0 m with an
angular velocity 20 rad s-1. Calculate, b.
a. angular acceleration at t = 3.0 s
b. distance traveled in one minute
c. the linear speed of the particle
d. the centripetal acceleration
Solution:
a.

31 32
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Example 7: Solution:
A wheel of radius 500 mm is spinning at a constant angular a.
velocity of
t3
ω = 2 t2 + b.
3
Determine
a. angular acceleration at time, t = 2.0 minute
b. the velocity of the wheel at t = 3.0 s
c.
c. the tangential linear acceleration and centripetal acceleration
at t = 2.0 s

33 34

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 8: Exercise 5.2:
1. A disk 8.00 cm in radius rotates at a constant rate of 1200 rev
A steel cylinder 50 cm in radius is to be machine in a lathe. If the
min-1 about its central axis. Determine
desired linear velocity of the cylinder’s surface is to be 2.0 m s-2,
determine rpm should it rotate. a. its angular speed,
b. the tangential speed at a point 3.00 cm from its centre,
Solution:
c. the radial acceleration of a point on the rim,
d. the total distance a point on the rim moves in 2.00 s.
ANS. : 126 rad s−1; 3.77 m s−1; 1.26 × 103 m s−2; 20.1 m

2. A 0.35 m diameter grinding wheel rotates at 2500 rpm. Calculate

a. its angular velocity in rad s−1,
b. the linear speed and the radial acceleration of a point on the
edge of the grinding wheel.
35 36
ANS. : 262 rad s−1; 46 m s−1, 1.2 × 104 m s−2
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Exercise 5.2: Learning Outcome
3. A rotating wheel required 3.00 s to rotate through 37.0 5.3 Rotational motion with uniform Angular
revolution. Its angular speed at the end of the 3.00 s interval
is 98.0 rad s-1. Calculate the constant angular acceleration
Acceleration (2 hour)
of the wheel. At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

ANS. : 13.6 rad s−2
Use equations for rotational motion with constant
angular acceleration
ω = ω0 + αt
1
θ = ω0 t + αt 2
2
2 2
ω = ω0 + 2αθ

Make analogy with their corresponding quantities in

37
linear motion 38

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Rotational motion with uniform Angular 5.3.1 Rotational motion with uniform angular
Acceleration acceleration

Table 5.1 shows the symbols used in linear and
rotational kinematics.
Rotational Analogy Linear Rotational
Motion Equation Quantity
motion motion

Linear Angular
ω = ω0 + αt ω 2 = ω 02 + 2αθ Motion Motion

1
θ = ω0t + αt 2
2
Table 5.1
39 40
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
5.3.1 Rotational motion with uniform angular Example 9:
acceleration (cont….) The tires of a car make 85 revolutions as the car reduces its speed
uniformly from 90.0 km h-1 to 60.0 km h-1. The tires have a diameter of

Table 5.2 shows the comparison of linear and rotational
0.90 m. Determine the angular acceleration.
motion with constant acceleration.
Linear motion Angular motion Solution:

Table 5.2
where θ in radian.
41 42

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 10: Solution:
Solution

An electric ceiling fan with blades 0.750 m in diameter is

rotating about a fixed axis with an initial angular velocity of
0.250 revs-1. The angular acceleration is 0.900 revs-2.
a. Compute the angular velocity after 0.200 s.
b. Through how many revolutions has the blade turned in this
time interval?
c. What is the tangential velocity of a point on the tip of the
blade at t = 0.200 s?
d. What is the magnitude of the resultant acceleration of a
point on the tip of the blade at t = 0.200 s?

No. 9.26, pg. 354, University Physics with Modern Physics,11th edition, Young & Freedman.

43 44
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Example 11: Example 12:
The initial angular velocity of a body which rotates with uniform A wheel rotates with uniform angular acceleration of 0.50 rad s-2.
angular accelerations is 11 rad s-1. After 2.0 s, its angular velocity
is 19 rad s-1. Calculate the (a) what is the time taken for its angular velocity to increase from
2.0 rad s-1 to 3.0 rad s-1.
(a) angular acceleration
(b) what is the angular displacement in this time?
(b) angular displacement after 2.0 s.
Solution :
Solution:
(a)
(a)

45 46

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Example 13: Example 14:
A fan is rotating at 1.2 revolutions per second. When switched off A small insect stands on a stationary circular disc. The disc starts
it decelerates uniformly and stops in 5.0 s. Calculate to rotate at a constant angular acceleration of 1.5 rad s-2. After
6.0 s the insect is thrown off the disc. Determine, at the moment
(a) angular decelerations
the insect is thrown off,
(b) number of revolutions made before it stops
(a) the number of revolutions the insects has turned through
Solution : (b) the angular velocity of the insect
(a)
Solution:
(a)

47 48
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Example 15: Example 16:
A spinning tire initially has an angular velocity of 30 rad s-1, 20 s (a) Through how many revolutions must the 55 cm diameter
later its angular velocity is 45 rad s-1. If the angular acceleration tire of a truck turn as the truck travels 3.5 km?
is constant, determine
(b) A CD turntable rotating at 9.0 rad s-1 slows uniformly to a
(a) the magnitude of the angular acceleration stop in 8 rev. Calculate the angular acceleration in rad s-2.
(b) the angular displacement over 25 s
Solution:
(c) the angular speed at 35 s
(a)
Solution:
(a)

49 50

PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4

Exercise 5.3: Exercise 5.3

1. A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 3.50
rad s-2.
a. If the angular speed of the wheel is 2.00 rad s-1 at t = 0 s,
through what angular displacement does the wheel rotate
in 2.00 s.
2. A bicycle wheel is being tested at a repair shop. The angular
velocity of the wheel is 4.00 rad s-1 at time t = 0 , and its angular
acceleration is constant and equal to -1.20 rad s-2. A spoke OP
on the wheel coincides with the + x-axis at time t = 0 as shown in
figure below.

b. Through how many revolutions has the wheel turned a. What is the wheel’s angular velocity
during this time interval? y at t = 3.00 s?

c. What is the angular speed of the wheel at t = 2.00 s? b. What angle in degree does the spoke
OP make with the + x-axis at this
pg. 297,Physics for scientists and engineers with modern physics, Serway & P x time?
Jewett,6th edition. O
Ans. : 0.40 rad s-1, 18°
18°
rad, 1.75 rev, 9.00 rad s-1
Ans. : 11.0 rad,

51 52
PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4
Exercise 5.3
3. A phonograph turntable initially rotating at 3.5 rad s-1 makes three
complete rotations before coming to a stop.
a. What is its angular acceleration?
b. How much time does it take to come to a stop? THE END…
pg. 121, College Matriculation Physics Semester I , Higher Learning Publication Sdn. Bhd.

Ans. : -0.325 rad s-1, -10.8 s

Next Chapter…
4. A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 2.5 rad s-2. CHAPTER 5 :
At time t = 0, the angular velocity of the wheel is 3.0 rad s-1. Oscillations
Determine,
a. the angle turned through by the wheel in the first 2 seconds,
b. angular velocity at t= 2.0 s
pg. 185, Physics Matriculation Study Guide Semester I , Cheong Foon Choong, Pearson
Longman.

rad, 8 rad s-1

Ans. : 11 rad, 53 54