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Numerical Analysis Study on Heat Conduction
(Notes on Reactor Hydrodynamics Lecture) This notes summarize a numerical method study for heat conduction. In this notes, thestudy limited to 1-D cases for the steady-state and the unsteady-state condition. Discussionabout the steady 1-D condition continued by the unsteady condition which both finallyderived to the discretized equation, including the boundary condition. In this notes, the fullyimplicit method is choosen as the method in unsteady problem while omitting thediscussion about its superior characteristic compare with explicit or Crank-Nicholsonmethod. Then the numerical solution of the linear algebraic equation which is the TriDiagonal Matrix Algorithm, this algorithm is on progress to be coded. The programming flowgiven at the last part of the report.
A.Steady 1-D ConductionBasic Equation and Discretization
The governing differential equation explaining the steady 1-D conduction is
(1)
To discretize eq.1 above, the equation is integrated over the one dimensional integrationvolume as shown in the figure.1
Figure.1
One dimensional mesh discretizationBy integration we have
(2)(3)
By applying difference equation for point
e
and
w
, we have
(4)
Then we arrange the variable as follow The question can be written as
(5)
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[Type text]Where
Boundary Condition
For one dimensional problem, there is one grid point on each of the two boundaries. Theother grid points usually called the internal points (fig.2). A disretization equation like eq.2can be written for each control volume involving internal points and we have the necessaryequations for all the unknown temperatures at the internal grid points. However,twoequation which involve the boundary point need additional condition. This conditionprovided by boundary condition. Typically, three kinds of boundary conditions are encountered in heat condition :-Given boundary temperature, where no additional equation needed.-Given boundary heat flux-Boundary heat flux specified via a heat transfer coefficient and the temperature of thesurrounding fluid.Except for the first boundary condition, we need to construct an additional equation for theboundary point, T
B.
This equation achieved by integrating the differential equation over thehalf control volume shown in the fig.2. ,
Figure.2.
Boundary ‘half control volume’The integration are as follow
(6)
Knowing that the heat transfer are
(7)
We have
(8)
Further implementation of eq.8, depends on the boundary condition given. If the value of q
B
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[Type text]itself is given, the required equation for T
B
becomes
(9)
where
And if the heat flux q
B
is given in terms of a heat transfer coefficient h and surrounding fluidtemperature T
f
such that
(10)
Then the equation for T
B
becomes
(11)(12)
Where
B.Unsteady 1-D ConductionBasic Equation and Discretization
The governing differential equation explaining the unsteady 1-D conduction is
(13)
In this phase of development, we assume to be constant. The task should be worked inthis problem can be stated as follow : given the grid-point values of T at time t, find thevalues of T at time t+∆t. The discretization equation derived by integrating eq.21 over the control volume as shownin the fig.1. and over the time intercal from t to t+∆t as follow
(14)
For the left hand side, we shall assume that the value of T prevails throughout the controlvolume to give
(15)
Where and are the value of T at time t and t+∆t, respectively. While for the right handside, as we already done in the steady case, we have
(16)
At this point we ned an assumption about how T value at each grid (T
P
,T
E
,T
W
for instance)
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