Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4 2015
. ,
. Eric Toussaint,
,
. .
,
, ,
, .
:
Maria Lucia Fattorelli
Ozlem Onaran
Michel Husson
Renaud Vivien
:
,
Daniel Albaracin
Olivier Bonfond
Diego Borja
Sergi Cutillas
Raphael Alves Gonclaves
Cephas Lumina
Patrick Saurin
, ,
,
, ,
.
, , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
, .
,
2015, .
,
, ,
.
, : ,
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
.
, , , ,
.
,
2015 .
,
(,
conditionalities),
. , ,
,
.
,
,
, .
-
, ,
.
.
,
. ,
. ,
, .
, ,
, . ,
,
, 2010
,
.
,
.
() 2010 2012 , .
,
,
10%,
.
, -
.
.
,
:
,
, 2010
.
(, EFSF),
, , , .
. , ,
, .
,
, 1980
.
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
, ,
. 2009,
.
,
, 2009 .
,
() , , , ()
. ,
, ,
/
. ,
.
.
,
" "
,
, ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, -
, 2010-2015,
(2010),
,
.
,
, 2015,
,
, , .
,
, , , (-
) , ,
,
. ( )
, , ,
.
.
,
, .
,
.
.
, , , ( ,
).
,
(Securities Market
Programme, SMP) ,
.
(cash-less loans)
, 122(2)
(),
,
. ,
(Framework Agreement) , 2010,
(Master Financial Assistance Agreement) 2012,
,
. , ,
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
. , , ,
,
2010 2012
, ,
,
, ,
, .
, 2015,
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
, .
, , . ,
(), -
,
,
.
,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
(insolvency),
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
(hedge funds), .
. ,
. ,
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
, 4 2015 .
,
, ,
, , .
,
(,
, (2.37)
,
, ).
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
: 1)
,
, 2)
,
, 3) ,
4) ,
5)
,
,
8
11
12
14
16
17
23
29
36
41
47
57
65
73
1:
2:
2010-2015
3:
2015
4:
5: ()
6:
7:
8: ,
,
9:
10
2010,
,
,
, -
,
.
,
, , (
).
,
.
,
, , , . ,
, , ,
,
. ,
. ,
,
, .
,
, .
,
, 4 2015, , .
,
, .
,
,
,
.
, ,
.
, .
,
, , .
.
,
, , ()
.
:
1980 2015.
.
2010
. ()
,
, , .
.
, , ()
, 4-7 2015.
, ,
,
, ,
, .
11
.
, 2012 (United
Nations Guiding Principles on Foreign Debt and Human
Rights, A/HRC/20/23),
,
, ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
.
,
, .
(EU) 472/2013
,
21
2013 (.
7, . 9),
-
, ,
,
. ,
, .
,
,
.
, .
,
, Eric Toussaint . ,
.
.
, ,
, , , , , ,
.
.
,
,
.
12
, , . ,
,
,
. ,
.
, , ,
. ,
, , ()
.
. ,
.
,
, .
1980 2015.
.
,
.
,
, .
(
).
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
. ,
2016.
1980 2015. ,
.
,
,
17-18
2015, , 2010
2015.
,
.
1980 2010,
,
,
.
13
17-18 2015
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
, , ,
. , .
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
:
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, () ,
.
(
, )
( ,
)
.
.
,
.
.
()
,
, (
, ,
)
, , , .
, , , , , , .
, ,
, .
Eurostat, , , , , , , .
,
, , ,
( ). ,
,
.
, , , .
.
.
, ,
(
2012) , . .
14
15
:
.:
.:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: ,
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
..:
.:
.:
:
:
.:
:
:
:
.:
:
16
2009 .
1980 .
:
.
1980-1993.
(snowball effect)
.
1980-2007.
.
( )
,
.
40
1995 2009.
,
, ( ),
.
1995 2009
.
,
30
2003-2009. , , ,
&
.
74,1% 2001
129,1% 2009,
,
.
2009, .
1.
1981-2009
( 1.1):
1.1
1980-2009
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
: AMECO (
)
1981-1993:
1981, 25% 91% .
17
1.2
30
( )
20
10
-10
:
AMECO (
)
1980
1985
1990
1993 - 2007:
, 91% 103%
. 2001
100%
3%,
2004.1
2007-2009: 103%
113%, , 2 , 127% ,
300 .
:
,
( )
.
.
- , .
, 1.2,
.
:
( %
)
- ( % )
(snowball effect
% ),
.
1.1 .
1980-1993,
1995
2000
2005
70,4 :
40,6
, 22,4
7,4.
1993-2007,
,
.
1.1
1980- 19931993 2007
, :
70,4
11,9
40,6
13,5
22,4
-25,1
7,4
23,5
:
1. 2007
1980-1993.
2.
,
.
3.
,
.
1.3: 1980-2007 82,3
18
, ( )
. .
,
,
,
2007.
40
.3
.4
, ,
5.
2010
,
6
.
. 1999 ,
34%
,
40%.
1.4
1.5
.
(65,6%) , (33,4%) ,
.
1.3
( % ) 1980 - 2007
110
100
90
80
+28,3
pp
+29,8
pp
70
60
50
+40,6
pp
40
30
20
1980
1985
1990
1995
+54,0
pp
2000
2005
(1995-2005)
54
46
52
44
50
42
48
40
46
38
44
36
42
34
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
32
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(% ) Eurostat COFOG
EA-11 ( 11 ) -
Eurostat COFOG
,
-11
Eurostat COFOG
( % )
(18 )
-18
: EUROSTAT COFOG (
) ESA 95 ( - 1995)
1995 2009,
( 48% - -11 48,4%).
,
3% , 1,4% . :
-18
: EUROSTAT -
1.5,
-
19
.
,
, 7
, 29,4
2009.8
88
.9
, (77,5%),10 ,
.
,
.
( ) 75
.
,
40% 25%.
, 2000 4,1% ( 3% 18), 2005
18
(2,5%), 1,1% 2012.
2. :
, 15% ( ).
, 30 .
, ,
( )
40 2009.
1.2
( )
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
41,2 31,8
0,0
33,0 53,1
2003
-2009
3.
(2001)
2001
.
. ,
.
, Leopards
Siemens.
1.6
LuxLeaks11
. Babcock &
Brown, BAWAG, Bluehouse, Coca Cola HBC, Damma
Holdings, Eurobank, Macquarie Group, Olayan
Investments Company Establishment Weather
Investments.
.
Global Financial Integrity,12 (),
.
,
.13 ,
2003 2009 200 .
-
( )
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
20
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
:
1.9
(ultimate risk basis, )
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
. 14
. 13
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 09
. 08
. 07
. 06
. 05
1.7
2000
( )
16
40
14
35
12
30
10
25
20
15
10
0
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Germany
EU28 intra
France
Netherlands
.
. ,
,
,
74,1% 2001
129,1% 2009.15
1.8
( . )
300
250
200
150
: EUROSTAT - CN8
100
4.
2001 ,
, , , .
,
, , ,
.
50
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
:
2009, ,
.
( -
)
(140 ), 45%
, 16% 39%
.16
2009 ,
21
1.10
( )
UK
140
US
ES
120
PT
100
NL
80
IT
IE
60
DE
40
FR
20
BE
AT
.09
.11
.12
.13
.14
.14
.17 ,
. ,
,
.
, 45,4
2009 23,9 2011.18
, 2009,
(.
).
CDS , ,
.
,
, 2010,
,
.
.
:
.
1. swaps Goldman Sachs
,
.
2.
, .
22
2:
2010-2015
2008,
.
, 2010, 110 ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
130
53,5%
,
. (PSI) , 16,2
. ,
14,5 . ,
, (sweeteners).
, ,
.
1. 2009 2010
4 2009
, 43,92%
.
,
!.
, 700
. ,
(. 1)
.
.
,
, 2008
,
28 . , 5
.
2.1
10
A 10
5,6
5,4
5,2
5,0
4,8
4,6
4,4
4,2
23
1/1/2008
4/1/2008
7/1/2008
10/1/2008
1/1/2009
: ()
4 2009, 2010,
, , . ,
,
.
:
2009.
11,9%,
, 15,8%
.
.
, , .
,
.
2009 2005-2008,
. 2 2009,
Eurostat,
()
Eurostat .
, 2,3 ,
, ,
. 21 2009,
2,5
.
4,8 .
,
.
21 2009,
2,5 2008 2,3 . ,
2008
. ,
()
.
.1
, 2010,
(3/2/2010)2
, Eurostat
2,5 ,
1,8 . ,
2,3
, 2
2009, 6,6 ,
1,2
6,6 .
5,4
2009, .
,
,
ESA95 (. ESA95 . 3.06, . 2516/2000 2, .
995/2001), (European Statistics
Code of Practice), ,
, .
, 30%
2005-2008. ,
,
.3
17
(). 4 Eurostat, 17 - 2010, 2009
24
18,2 .
-
Eurostat.
ESA95 2000 2010.
,
. ,
.
,
. ,
ESA95.
,
.5
(swaps)
Goldman Sachs
2009
Goldman
Sachs. 21
.
2006 - 2009.
.
,
,
2009 6 8 . , 28 .
.
,
2010, ()
.
.
.
.
2.1, ,
2010.
2009 2010,
( )
.
, ,
.
, .
2010,
,
.
23
,
25 2010. ,
2010, :
,
1990 2008.
.
.
.
25
,
2010 (. 2.1).
,
.
25
10
11 .2009 19 . 09
6,00%
7 . 09
20 . 14
5,50%
5 09
20 . 12
4,30%
10
10 . 09
19 . 09
6,00%
2 . 10
20 . 15
6,10%
10
11 . 10
19 . 20
6,25%
,
.
2. 2010
110 (80
30
)
, ,
().6
,
: , ,
.
,
,
. ,
.7
( )
,
,
.
7.5
11,7
7,5
7
10,5
7
7.5
13,8
7,5
8
20,6
8
8
25
8
5
16,145
5
.
60 , 35
.
- -
.8 ,
, , , .
( )
CPN
2009-2010
( )
2.1
3. 2010
2012
2.2
299 355 2009
2011. 18,78%.
.
2009,
,
- .
%
91,1% 2009 70,5% 2011. -
,
5,2% 25,3%.9
%
2010 2011,
%
( 4,9% 7,2% )
). ,
%
.
2011 ,
,
:
. 26
11
32
36
21
26
2011,
, 130 , 109
, 2011.
50%.
,
(PSI),
.
4.
(PSI)
.
9 2012,
.
106 2012
.
,
130 , 48
.
.
2012,
,
, .
PSI -. ,
16,2 .
,
14,5 ( 21
). ,
, ,
.
.
15.000
, ,
.
,
17
PSI.10
PSI
,
,
(sweeteners) .
PSI
( , ,
, , ..) ,
( )
.
2012 . 2013, PSI
,
.
5. 2012 2015
2012,
, .
, 34 ,
(hedge funds) .11 , Third Point,
, 500
17 .
(2010-2014) . ,
299,69 (129,7% ) 317,94
(177,1% ). , 91,12%
20,69% (2011-2014),
5,21% 73,06% (2009-2014). , ()
68,4% .
, , 2015, .
.12
,
2007. ,
65% 79,8%
, 78,8% 105,3%
68,6% 94%
(2008-2014).13 , , 2007,
.
27
28
2015
.
, ,
- -
,
(), , .
, ,
.
. 10%
.
3.2
, 30/04/152
3.1
14.943,9
4,8%
39.380,1
12,6%
(ANFA)
7.309,3
2,3%
(SMP)
19.874,1
6,4%
4.265,0
1,4%
()
7.094,5
2,3%
5.081,0
1,6%
130.909,1
41,9%
52.900,0
16,9%
20.634,6
6,6%
(REPOS)
10.286,9
3,3%
2010-2015
243,2
100,0%
(
)
112,5
46,3%
48,2
19,8%
PSI
34,5
14,2%
23,4
9,6%
24,6
10,1%
29
312.678,5
, .10 ,
.
: 2010 2011,
86%
.11
, .12
1.
9
2010 .
52,9 .3
3.3
(. )
(KfW)
15.165,3
11.388,6
10.007,5
6.649,9
3.193,7
1.942,5
1.555,0
1.102,4
1.004,0
347,4
243,5
139,9
109,6
2.
()
50,6
52.899,9
(ntercreditor Agreement)
(Loan Facility Agreement),
.
[ ] .4
, - 2,614
2012.5
.
3 Euribor 300 .6
Euribor 1,609%,
2011,7
4,6%.
,
.8 9,
Euribor 50 ,
.
.
Eurogroup, . , -
()
2010 .13 , ,
.
. 440,00 2010
779,78 2011.14 2013 , , ,
724,47 ,
.15
,
, .
().
141,8
, 27 2015 10,9 130,9 .16 , 108,2
(76,3%) 2012, 25,3
(17,8%) 2013 8,3 (5.9%) 2014.
2054.
:
10 .
50 .
, ,
,
- .
17 2012 2014 740
.18
PSI ,
2014
2023.
.19 :
30
3. ()
.21
.
2010.22 , . Lipsky,
.23
SBA 3.212%
.24
25 2010
, .25 ,
.27
,28
()
29 -
.
,
.30
,
,
, .31
,
, .
, ,
,
.
,
(SBA) ,32
.33
,
.34
( 2010 2015),
3
.35 (
(SDRs)
100 ), 200
, 300%
, 300
, 300%
50
.
2014 -
3.4
( ), 2014
SBA
9/05/2010
14/03/2012
20,1
9,1
EFF
15/03/2012
14/03/2016
11,9
: , ,
.
31
23,9 .36
,
.
4.
()
2010
(Securities Markets Programme, SMP).
,
2010 2012,
210 ,
, , ,
.37 29
2015 138,1 ,38
27 .39
, , 2015 27
. ,
, .
6,7
2015 23
.
,
2010 2012,
(OMT).
,
.
:
.40 ,
,
,
.
, 2010 2012, SMP ,
,
440 . -
.
()
,
- ,
.
14 2010 SMP :
.
, ,
. (...) ,
.41
31 2010
, ,
:
,
. ,
. (...)
,
.
,
.42
SMP
,
(
). ,43
40
55 , ,
,
, .
,
.
32
, ,
.
2014
298 ,
40% 728
SMP.
12% .44
2012
2012,
53,5%
.
.
.49
3.5
SMP
( 2015)45
52%
20%
12%
10%
6%
. , ()
()
( ) ()
(
)
.48
5.
SMP, 2012
SMP , .45
2
.46 , ,
SMP .
, ,
. (...) ,
SMP,
.50
.51
, . , Poul
Thomsen,
.52
SBA
,
3.6
,
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012-2014
TOTAL
2,53
37,3
43,6
3,77
1,5
26,68
56,3
84,48
0,47
4,26
6,9
6,64
18,27
0,47
9,53
33,58
65,47
53
33
37,3
146,35
[ ].54 :
,
,
.
.55
PSI
205,5 , 199,2 .
,
, (hold outs)
. (vulture funds).56 15 2012
2015
3,615 ,
4,3%.
34
33.
(
2012)
-
SBA, 9 10 2010, .
34. IMF, 2010, Country SBA request CR. 10/110, Washington
DC http://goo.gl/ErBW0Q
35. IMF, Member Financial Data, 2015, http://goo.gl/CsA0Vt
36. , , .
,
.
37. (14
2010) .
38. ECB, 2015. ECB: Statistics. https://goo.gl/FIWkB3
39. 18,1 ,
, 19,8
. 7
,
().
40. IMF (2013) IMF Country report No. 13/156, Washington
DC, http://goo.gl/7CLyBd
41. ECB, 2010. DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL
BANK of 14 May 2010 establishing a securities markets programme (ECB/2010/5). https://goo.gl/tX9l4Y
42. ECB, 2010. The ECBs response to the recent tensions in
financial markets, Vienna, 31 May 2010. https://goo.gl/cq6hts
43. Financial Times, 2012. ECB moves to help fund Greece
bail-out. Financial Times. http://goo.gl/zKhZc4
44. ECB, 2015. Financial statements of the ECB for 2014.
https://goo.gl/PxFkvV
45. ..
46. Eurogroup, 2012. Eurogroup statement on Greece, 27
November 2012. http://goo.gl/pUWLeX
47. .
, ,
. Bloomberg, Varoufakis Counts
on ECB to Avoid Greek Default in March. Bloomberg. http://goo.
gl/zQ7hhH
48. ECB, 2013. Mario DRAGHI letter to Mr Lim Hoang Ngoc,
12 March 2013. http://goo.gl/WpiQfn
49. Official Journal of the European Union, 2012. PROTOCOL
(No 4) ON THE STATUTE OF THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CENTRAL BANKS AND OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. https://
goo.gl/tfb3od
50. European Parliament, 2014. Report on the enquiry on
the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and
IMF) with regard to the euro area programme countries - A70149/2014 http://goo.gl/knvBol
51. Libration, 2015. Libration, Monday 11 May 2015, . 11.
Libration. http://www.liberation.fr/
52.
(
2012)
, IMF, Strictly Confidential May 2 2010 Informal Restricted Briefing on Greece, Office Memorandum.
53. European Commission, 2015. Scoreboard - Data on State
aid expenditure. http://goo.gl/pMcKxS
54.
(
2012)
: IMF, Strictly Confidential, May 2 2010, Informal restricted briefing on Greece, Office Memorandum.
55. European Parliament, 2014. Report on the enquiry on
the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and
IMF) with regard to the euro area programme countries - A70149/2014. http://goo.gl/knvBol
56. Laskaridis, C., 2014. Greece: Europes worst success story.
In T. Philips, ed. Europe on the Brink. London: Zed Books.
35
2010
, 1
,
2 - .
,
.
,
(E)
.
.
,
, ,
,
.
.
.
1.
20103 ,
,
.
1.1.
,
: (Assignment
Agreement). , 4 ,
(
).
5
, KfW . ,
.6 ,
, -
36
.
1.2
,
,
. .7
4.1
- ,
Q1 2010
3.
16 , .
Q4 2014
200.006
36.109
12.915
226.784
() 2012 2013, :
4. (
-FRN),
.
2.
()
2012 8 ,
, . ()
,
, ,
.
9
:10
2.1 1
-
5. 17
, , , .
2.1.1.
,
. ,
.
2.2 2
PSI
PSI18
.
:
1. PSI
30 .19
4.2
30.000.000.000
35.000.000.000
5.500.000.000
23.000.000.000
37
,
.
2. Wilmington Trust (London) Limited20
21
70 ,
.
3. PSI ,
,22
.
4. 23 ,
, .
2.2.1
PSI
,
.
PSI
.
.28
3.
.29
4.
30
,
.31
5.
.32
6. .
2.3.1
PSI
,
.
3.
PSI :
.
T ,
.
N
, ,
.
2.3. 3
24
,
PSI.25
:
,
26
.
:
1.
.27
2. EKT -
. ,
.
,
,
.
:
1. , , .33
2.
, ,34
:
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
38
.
3.
- .
, ,
39
.40
.
4.
.35
,
, , ,
.
.
3.1
.
.
4.
, ,
, .
183,9
, .
,
.
,
: , , , ,
,36 ,
.
.
.
Cleary, Gottlieb
Steen & Hamilton37
.38
-
39
1 .
.
, ,
.
.
21. , 1.
(6).
22. , 3
(6) (a), (b) (c).
23. , (6).
24. : ,
1 (b).
25. ,
2015.
26. .
27. : ,
4 (3) (ii) , (5) (ii).
28. , (5) (ii).
29. : ,
4 (3) (4) (5) (ii).
30. : ,
1 (b) DBB Installment.
31. : ,
6 (2) (a) (iii).
32. : ,
5 (ii) C.
33. ,
1 .
34. , -
. . 44.
35. : ,
7 (iv) and (v).
36. ,
14 (1).
37. Olmos A, Los assessores del fraude de la Deuda,
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen and Hamilton. http://goo.gl/2VBalv
38. : ,
4 (2).
39. Internal Auditing Commission for Public Credit of
Ecuador, 2007. Final Report of the Integral Auditing of the
Ecuadorian Debt http://goo.gl/AymXZL
40. Fatorelli, M.L., 2013. Citizen Public Debt Audit
Experiences and methods. CADTM. http://goo.gl/uy4ouB
40
()
.
2010. (-1,5%), 2009-2014
22%.
. , ,
.
() ,
,
, . , / .
.
, ,
.
( ,
, ,
/
) .
. , ,
, .
,
,
.
: 2009-10,
.1
2013,
,
. 2
,
.
1.
2010,
(SBA)3
.
1,5%, 2009 2014 (, -4,0% 2010, -2,6% 2011, +1,1% 2012
+2,1% 2013 2014). ,
41
5.1
0
-5
-10
200
-15
150
100
50
2007 2008 2009 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
, ,
%
,
, %
,
, %
/, ,
/, ,
/, ,
: ,
.
: GECHERT AND RANNENBERG, 2015
, 22% .
, .
,
9 2010,
.4
, , :
,
, .
,
,
()
.
ad hoc ,5 :
.6
2010,
.7 2011, , Olivier Blanchard,
8
,
2013,
,
, .9
,
,10
.
. 2010, , 2012
, 2013.11
,
,
.
,
.12
2.
:
65%
2014, 2008, 7%.13
,
, 3,6% 2007, 4,9% 2013 4,8%
42
5.1
(%)*
, **
(%)*
5 (3*
4/100)
/
**
,
**
, **
( ,
%)**
, **
(%)*
, , , /
7 (3
* 6/100)
8
(5+7)
2010
60,090
2011
59,828
-0,242
-0,552
35,526
-0,196
0,196
0,444
2012
57,697
-1,967
-4,088
37,065
-1,515
2,737
0,005
1,521
3,833
2013
55,078
-2,418
-4,590
36,821
-1,690
2,386
0,036
1,726
7,798
* AMECO ECOFIN.
** Onaran & Obst 2015,
Onaran & Galanis 2012.
2014. ,
73,5% 2006-2010, 65%
2013 67,7% 2014.14
, , . 2007,
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
3.
2014.
.
, ,
, .
,15
: 24% 2008,
. ,
36% . :
.16
4.
()
Hans Boeckler
, , ,
25% .17 ,
,
2014 8,1 (. 5.1). ,
, ,
2014 37,1
.
, , ,
.18
New Deal ,19 19,8
,
300.000
, 20
,
,
.
5.
()
,
,
43
,
,
17,2% 2014, 2009.
60,1% 2010, 55,1% 2013, 5
, .
, , ,
, / , '
, .
, 21
, 1 ,
, ,
,
. 22 1
0,92%. ,
.
5.1,
, /
7,8 .
(27%) /
.
, ,
,
/. ,
.
,
, , , .
6.
.
,
23 .
/ 177,1%
2014, 139,4% 2019, 37,5%.
27,3%,
5.2
/*
/*
/*
/*
/
*
1%
E=(C-D)
F=A+B+E
H=F*G
-0,564
0,099
0,099
-0,465
1,984
-0,923
* .
: ONARAN & OBST 2015. ONARAN & GALANIS 2012
44
7.
5.2
.
, , , /
.
,
,
( ).
, .
,
, , , .
15
10
2015
2019
2023
19,9%.
. , ,
25 ,
. , ,
. , 24
25: 1.
. 2.
,
. 3. ,
. 4.
( ).
2015
2016 , 2019
2023, ( 5.2).
45
46
47
, , , , ,
.1 ,
,
. ,
. 2 ,
,
.3
,4 : , , , ,
.
,
, -
.
.8
7,3% 27,9%
(2008-2013).9
942.625 675.530
2009-2013,10
25%.
15% 2013.
64,9%
2013,11 .
, 12
.13 ,
470.000 , , .14
1.
,
,15 ,16
.
,
.
( ),
( )
( ). ,
, ,
,17
.18
2010
.19
2010 , ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
.5 ( ) .6
,
, ,
.
, .7
, -
48
2.
( 2010) 6% . 20 ( 2012)
8%
2012, 1% 21 .
,
2010
, 22 . 23
. 24 ,
, . 25
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
. 26 2015,
2,5 , , . 27
,
, 4,37 2010,
2 2014. 28
, AIDS, ,
.
25
(), 12
, (), 12
, 5
,
25
, 24 11,
(),
. ()
( 21(2), 21(3)).
,
,
.
.
3.
() .
,
, ,
,
. 29
,
2012,
.30
, 40%, ,31 60%
.32
. 33
(12.000 2014-5).
1.053 1.933 ,
2008 2012. 34
49
. 35
, . 36
. 37
()
,
,
( 14), (), (),
, (,
26), , (,
13, 14), ( 10, 14),
( 28, 29, 40),
( 5),
16(2) .
4.
,
,
.
PSI
14,5 38 39
,
.
, , , .40
.
,
.41
, , 40%, 45%
.42 2015, 8,14% .43
,
-
. ( 22[5]),
(, 22, 25), , (, 9, 10),
( 11, 13, 14),
( 18, 23, 26),
( 2, 5)
(,
8[1], 12, 14, 16, 17).
,
.44
5.
. 2012, ,45
120.000
.46
, .46
, , 17.700.47
2014, 500.000
.48
26,1% 201349 .50
,51
.52 2013,
42% 60%, .54 2012, 73,3% 20-29
,55 18.902 142.000
.56
.
,
, ..,
( 25[1]), , (, 11[1]),
,
. ,
, 4 21(4)
.
50
6.
,57 (fast track), , 1
. 2 3 , . ,
.58
(, , , )
.59
( 17
)
( 24 ).60
,
,
(, 1),
( 1),
,
(1970) (UNHRC),
12.
7.
,61
.62
, .63
.64
, ,
, (
20[1]).
.
. ,
.
.
8.
() , .
,
.
, ,
.
23,1%
,65 , 20092012,66 63,3%
.67
, 11% 21,5%
2009-2014.68
34% 2013.69
,70
, 56,5%.71
,
. ,
, . ,
.
-
51
9.
2010,
72
73 . ,
,
, ,
.74
. 2009 2015, 35 91
.75
. ,
,
2013. ,
,
11 2013
7 2013,
. .
,
( ,
20, 23
, 21, 22 , 8 , 10, 11 ,
5 , 11, 12
), , , ( 11, 14). ,
.
10.
, .. .76
25 .77
,
.78 ,
.79 ,
,80 .81
,
.82
(UNHCR)
.83
, ,
.84 .85
,
, ,
,86
,
,87
. 47%,88
.89
4 21(1)
.
,
,
( 25), ( 12)
( 7).
1. CEPHAS LUMINA, Foreign expert on the effects of foreign
debt and other related international financial obligations of
states on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly
52
( 31).
17. 22(1),
POLICIES, D.G.F.I. & AFFAIRS,
P.D.C.C.R.A.C., 2015. The impact of the crisis on fundamental
rights across Member States of the EU, Country Report on
Greece. http://goo.gl/9xzKpW, p.62.
18. EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS (2010) The
Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece,
( ECDGEFA, 2010), .22.
.
19. .. , 4(1)
. . Complaint No. 66/2011,
Decision on Merits, 23.5.2013.
20. ECDGEFA, 2010.
21. EC, SEAPG, 2012, .60, 139.
22. 1,8 (23,7%) 2009-2011: Kondilis,
E. et al., 2013. Economic Crisis, Restrictive Policies, and
the Populations Health and Health Care: The Greek Case.
American Journal of Public Health, 103(6), . 973979.
http://goo.gl/xle6S0
23. POLICIES, D.G.F.I. & AFFAIRS, P.D.C.C.R.A.C., 2015. The
impact of the crisis on fundamental rights across Member
States of the EU Country Report on Greece. http://goo.
gl/9xzKpW, 3.
24. .., 15 . 52.
25. .., .54.
26. , 85%
: LIBE, 3, . 41ff.
27. , 5.5.2015:
http://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/vivliario-ygeias-gia-25-ekatanasfalistoys
28. POLICIES, D.G.F.I. & AFFAIRS, P.D.C.C.R.A.C., 2015. The
impact of the crisis on fundamental rights across Member
States of the EU Country Report on Greece. http://goo.
gl/9xzKpW, 3.
29. POLICIES, D.G.F.I. & AFFAIRS, P.D.C.C.R.A.C., 2015. The
impact of the crisis on fundamental rights across Member
States of the EU Country Report on Greece. http://goo.
gl/9xzKpW, .30.
30. EC, SEAPG, 2012, .116; EC, SEAPG,
2014, .76.
31.
, 2013/14,
, .19.
32. (2014) Education at a Glance 2014: OECD
Indicators, .467468.
33. LIBE, .39.
34. (2012)
ETUCE
, .1112.
35. Ekathimerini, 2013. Schools in northern Greece close
due to cold weather, no heating http://goo.gl/bSjTkF
36. (2014) 2013,
.87. http://goo.gl/rmI1z9
37. (2013)
/ /
...
24001/14-6-2013, .6-7. http://www.synigoros.gr/resources/
docs/514071.pdf
38. . (2013) ,
, , .107.
39.
53
(PSI)
15.000 .
40. OECD, 2013. OECD Public Governance Reviews, Greece:
Reform of Social Welfare Programmes. http://goo.gl/I1dqOn
41. Hellenic Statistical Authority, 2014. Press release
statistics on income and living conditions 2013 (Income
reference period 2012). http://goo.gl/w9lbQp
42. Lumina, C., 2013. Report of the Independent Expert
on the effects of foreign debt and other related international
financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of all
human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights,
Cephas Lumina. Report of Mission. http://goo.gl/4YYCR2,
Section V.
43. (2015) , , , , .
. 15 2013- 31 2015, . 4.
44. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE OF SOCIAL RIGHTS, 2013.
Federation of Employed Pensioners of Greece (IKA-ETAM)
v. Greece, Complaint No. 76/2012. https://goo.gl/Np5n1x,
Decision on merits, 7 December 2012, para. 78.
45. 4046/2012 {.684: , ,
( [OEK], [OEE])}.
46. Communication GRC 1/2013 (19.2.2013), and reply of
the Greek Government (16.4.), UN Human
Rights Council, 2013. A/HRC/23/51. http://goo.gl/LN5gDs
47. .. 4055/2012, 15.
48. ,
. Naftemporiki.gr.
17.700 . .
http://goo.gl/sNGXV0
49. Arapoglou, v. & Gounis, k., 2014. final report: Caring
for the homeless and the poor in Greece: implications for the
future of social protection and social inclusion, http://goo.
gl/DGtcuj
50. (2014) 2013 - 2014, http://www.bankofgreece.gr/BogEkdoseis/
NomPol20132014.pdf
51. IKA (2014) http://goo.gl/YJ48zo.
52. 2008 2014 34,4%: (2014) 2013 2014.
53. Arapoglou, v. & Gounis, k., 2014. final report: Caring
for the homeless and the poor in Greece: implications for the
future of social protection and social inclusion, http://goo.
gl/DGtcuj
54. EUROSTAT STATISTICS (2015) Table: Overcrowding by
poverty status, : SILC
55. UNICEF, 2014. The state of the children in Greece
report 2012. http://goo.gl/JPr508.
56. Arapoglou, v. & Gounis, k., 2014. Final report: Caring
for the homeless and the poor in Greece: implications for the
future of social protection and social inclusion. http://goo.
gl/DGtcuj
57. () 3986/2011
.
58. A., ; ,
: , . 87-92.
59. 1906/2014, .
60.
,
, ( ).
:
, , ,
, ,
,
,
,
, & , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , .
2013 261,31
. ,
Eurobank Properties .
,
(lease back)
600
(25.590.240 ,
), . . .
275/2013 7
, (
)
. , ..,
1204/2014 6
.
61. EC, SEAPG, 2013, . 41 .
EC,
EAPG, 2011.
62. POLICIES, D.G.F.I. & AFFAIRS, P.D.C.C.R.A.C., 2015. The
impact of the crisis on fundamental rights across Member
States of the EU Country Report on Greece. http://goo.
gl/9xzKpW, .109-113
63. EC, SEAPG, 2013, .109.
64. UN CEDAW, 2013.Concluding observations on the
seventh periodic report of Greece adopted by the Committee
at its fifty fourth session (11 February 1 March 2013), C/
GRC/CO/7. http://goo.gl/11LYE4, .3.
65. TVXS, 2015, , 4 2015,
http://goo.gl/7Tnv1y
66. Leventi, C. & Matsaganis, M., 2013. Distributional
implications of the crisis in Greece in 2009-2012. EUROMOD
Working Papers. http://goo.gl/NlSEDi. . , EUROSTAT
(2012) News release 171/2012, 3.12.2012.
67. .., .35.
68. EUROSTAT (2015) Severe Material Deprivation rate by
age and sex, [ilc_mddd11].
69. EUROSTAT (2015) At-risk-of-poverty rate, by age
group, %, Code: tsdsc230.
70. Leventi, C. & Matsaganis, M., 2013. Distributional
implications of the crisis in Greece in 2009-2012. EUROMOD
Working Papers. http://goo.gl/NlSEDi, .22.
71. Leventi, C. & Matsaganis, M., 2013. Distributional
implications of the crisis in Greece in 2009-2012. EUROMOD
Working Papers. http://goo.gl/NlSEDi, .28.
72. Hellenic League for Human Rights, 2014. Downgrading
rights: the cost of austerity in Greece. https://goo.gl/CcGqU3,
. 5.
73. Syllas C., 2013. Free speech takes a beating in Greece.
54
https://goo.gl/zM8PzE
74. Margaronis . (2012), Greek anti-fascist protesters
tortured by police, The Guardian, http://goo.gl/9mPpJE,
Amnesty International, 2014. Impunity, excessive force and
links to extremist Golden Dawn blight Greek police. https://
goo.gl/hzvrVo
75. Reporters Without Borders (2015), 2015 World Press
Freedom Index, https://goo.gl/ZCLBNA
76. (2010) Memoranda Sunt
Servanda? H 3845/2010
,
. http://goo.gl/o66xSN .151-163.
77. , 2014. European
Committee of Social Rights Conclusions XX-2 (GRECE). http://
goo.gl/cP8LN1 p.31.
78.
( 222) (
51).
151/1978 154/1981
( 6, 12).
79.
(2012) :
, 25.5.2012 (2012)
HIV-AIDS
[10.5.2012] (2014)
XX-2 (), 2014, .31 (HRW) (2012) World
Report 2012: . EUROPEAN COMMITTEE OF
SOCIAL RIGHTS (2014) Conclusions XX-2 (GREECE), November
2014, p.31; HRW (2012) World Report 2012: European Union.
80. HRW (2015) Greece: Police Abusing Marginalized
People, Target the Homeless, Drug Users, Sex Workers in
Athens, 6.5.2015.
81. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special
Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, Franois
Crpeau Mission to Greece, A/HRC/23/46/Add.4.
82. Racist Violence Recording Network, 2013. 2012 annual
report of the Racist Violence Recording Network. http://goo.
gl/oqXIWG,
Nils Muiznieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the
Council of Europe following his visit to Greece, Strasbourg
16.4.2013, CommDH(2013)6.
83. Racist Violence Recording Network, 2015. Annual
Report 2014. http://goo.gl/ryZzWT
84. ,
, , 25.9.2013.
85. 41
, 4274/2014
, (2014) .2255-7.
86. UN CEDAW, 2013. Concluding observations on the
seventh periodic report of Greece adopted by the Committee
at its fifty fourth session, CEDAW/C/GRC/CO/7. http://goo.
gl/2CN4IN
87. .. 90380/5383/738/2012, ( 1233/ /11.4.2012)
88. ,
, ,
2.12.2013.
89. UN COMMIT TEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, op cit. UN CEDAW, 2013.
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of
Greece adopted by the Committee at its fifty fourth session,
CEDAW/C/GRC/CO/7, http://goo.gl/2CN4IN
55
56
, , ,
,
.
- , ,
,
(),
().
(
) , ,
(),
()
(). ,
()
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
. . ,
,
,
.
,
,
, , , . ,
. ,
, .
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
, ,
.
1.
,
-
57
.
,
.
,
,
. 103
,
.
,
() ,
,
,
.1
2.
-
-
2
.
-
,
().
, ,
,
,
. . , ,
3 ,
,
.4
- ,
, ,
. , ,
-
,
.
-
, ().
Pringle
(),5
() -
,
. -
, 51 (1) , .
, , - ,
,
.
51 . 1 :
,
,
, .
- , ,
.
, ,
:
. 6
,
51 ,
.
, .7
J. Kokott
Pringle, ,
26 2012,
,
,
,
.8
,
, ,
8 2010,
,
126(9) 136 ,
.
,
,
-
58
(),
(), , -
- ,
,
.
()
. 472/2013
9 21
2013
.
472/2013
: , 30 2013, ,
.
,
,
: ,
28
, .
,
.
( 6),
-
( 8).
, -
, 2010,
2012, .
2010,
,
,
,
126 (9) 136 .
2012 ,
.
. 472/2013. ,
, , 1961
. (),
.10
, ( )
(), 2 3.
2 , ,
, , , , , .
- ,
, , ,
.
3, . 3, . 3 , ,
-.
, 9
,
, ,
, .
, ,
2010 2012,
.
- ,
30 2013
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
- ,
, , .
()
() , ()
,
59
.11 , - ,
,
.
,
,
,
.12
, ,
.13 ,
,
.14 .
,
, , , IV, 10,
( ,
),
,
, ,
,
.
3.
3.1
, , , , -
, , . 15
16
.
, ,17 , ,
.
.18 -
.19 ,
, ,
,
.20
,
, .
,
201421 ,
:
.
2013,
,
.22
2010 2012,
. 2012,
,
.
- , -
,
, - ,
. , ,
,
,
, , .23
3.2
3.2.1
.
-
60
,
, , .24 ,
36 . 2 ,
.
, 28
. 2 ( 668/2012,
. 29).
, 8
2010 ,
. ,
, .
, ,
-
11 2010 ( II, 3845/2010),
- ,
,
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
. , -
-
.
1 . 4 3845/2010,
( , ). ,
, . 3845/2010,
1 .9 3847/2010
1 . 4 3845,
( )
.
, ( )
.
, 28 36
. , 3845/2010 ,
, -
.
, 3 2010
,
( 3).
, 3845/2010
,
.
3.2.2
,
, 25 )
1 . 4 ) 2 . 1 3845/2010, ,
.
.
1 . 4 ,
36 . 2 .26
36 . 4
, ,
.27 , 668/2012,
(.
30). ,
,
36 . 2 28 . 1 (. 31).
2 . 1 3845/2010 43 . 4 .28
,
. ,
( 3051/2014
1210/2010).
4.
2010,
. PSI 2012.
( ),
, . ,
,
,
61
. ,
,
(Human Rights Act),
, ,
22 ,
.
,
.
,
, . : ,
,
,
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
, .29
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
, ,
.30
,
. , , , (common law)
() , ,
.31
,
. ,
,
, .32
.33 , .
, . , (executive
necessity),
, ,
,
.34
,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
62
. ESM
2 2012
- .
6. OJ C 303/17 14.12.2007.
7. PEERS S. (2013), Towards a New Form of EU Law?: The Use
of EU Institutions outside the EU Legal Framework, European
Constitutional Law Review . 37 .
8. . 176 .
9. (E) 472/2013
,
, OJ L 140/1
27.5.2013. , (E)
473/2013
- , OJ L140/11,
-
.
10. European Committee of Social Rights, Federation of
employed pensioners of Greece (IKA-ETAM) v. Greece,
. No. 76/2012, 7
2012.
11. ECtHR, Appl. No. 24833/94, Mathews v United Kingdom,
Grand Chamber, 18 1999, . 29, 32
34; ECtHR, Appl. No. 26083/94, Waite and Kennedy v Germany,
Grand Chamber, 18 1999, . 67;
ECtHR, Appl. No. 45036/98, Bosphorus Hava Yollary Turizm ve
Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v Ireland, Grand Chamber,
30 2005, . 152156.
12. ICJ, Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951
between the WHO and Egypt, Advisory Opinion 20
1980, I.C.J. Reports 1980, 73 . 8990 (. 37).
13. SANDS P. & KLEIN P. (2001) Bowetts Law of International
Institutions, 5 , Sweet & Maxwell Ltd.
14. .., 57 63.
15.
,
2012, HRC Res. A/HRC/
RES/20/10.
,
21
( 2011), . 61:
,
, , ,
.
,
, , .
,
.
. , Guiding Principles on Human Rights Impact
Assessments of Trade and Investment Agreements, Report of
the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Olivier De Schutter,
U.N. ESCOR, Commn. on Hum. Rts., 19th Sess., Agenda Item 3,
add., U.N. Doc. A/HRC/19/59/Add.5 (2011).
16. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against
Women, Concluding Observations: Greece, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/
GRC/CO/7, para. 40.
17. Communication on a strategy for the effective
implementation of the charter of fundamental rights by the
63
64
,
,
,
,
, .
, ,
2015.
A.
,
,
, , , , .
, , (
).
,
.
,
, .
,
, , ,
, ,
,
( ),
,
, .
, , , ,
. ,
,
. ,
. ,
,
, , ,
.
, , 2012,
, ,
. , ,
, , .
65
B.
1.
;
, ,
,
,
.
.
() ,1
.
,
( ) :
, 2010,
,
. 2
, 2010, :
,
2012.3
,
.4 ,
(SBA)
-,
,
.5
,
2012,
- ,
.
, , ,
, .
,
, ,
.8
,
,9
.
,10
11 ,
,
,12
.
2.
;
, ,
, ,
,
(. ).
, ()
.
, 9
2010, () , .
, ,
,
, .13
66
,
,
.14
,
,
2010.15 ,
. 28 2010:
, ,
, , .
.16
,
.
3.
;
,
, ,
, , ,
. :
, ,
.
,
,
.
() . ,
.
.
1.
;
,
,
:
, ,
, -
( , -
).
130
():
, ,
, , , .
,
,
,
.
()
(SMP)
(.
), , . ,
2012 ,
(OMT),
OMT [ ]
()
/ .
,
,
, :
SMP, . ,
,
.
( ) SMP
,
( )
.
,
.
,
(
67
)
.
. 4 2015,
, 11 ,
,
. ,
, 130 ().17 ,
,
.
,
.
, , ,
,
.
1.
2.
;
;
, , , ,
,
,
(. :
,
).
,
,
, SMP
,
.
3.
;
,
,
, , , ,
,
SMP, . (
)
,
, :
122(2)
().
122(2), -
,
,
. , ,
,
()
. ,
(.
)
( ).
(misconduct)
, ,
, :
,
,
,
.
68
-
2010,
2012,
( ). ,
,
.
,
.
2.
;
,
, (
) (
) ,
, ,
, () ,
,
,
,
(. : -
2010,
2012 ,
,
). ,
(escrow account)
.18
.
.
,
,
, , :
,
2012
.19
(PSI)
, .
,
, , .
,
,
(0%),
.
, . 20
3.
;
,
( ,
, )
,
, , ,
,
, :
()
. ,
-
( ),
, .
.
, , , ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
(hedge funds), ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
69
,
.
1. ;
,
, ,
, :
, .
( )
, , .
, , ,
. ,
() .
,
, ,
, ,
:
,
,
,
( )
(, 2 3) (, 9).
(
),
,
, ,
.
2. ;
,
,
,
(. ).
,
,
:
,
.
.
3.
;
,
( ,
, )
, ,
, , , ,
, :
.
2010 2012
-
70
.
2012,
.
, ,
, .
, (
) , 2010,
. (.
, .)
.
: , (hedge funds) .
.
,
.
,
,
. 21
, ,
hold out,
, , .
1.
;
,
,
:
. ,
, 22 Othmar Karas Liem Hoang Ngoc
.
,
. 23
, , .
2013,
/
.
2009, 2010, 2011 2012,
(snowball effect) 6,2%, 11,2%,
16,9% 18%. 24
,
,
. ,
, ,
, , (Credit Default Swaps, CDS).
, .
,
25
KommunalKredit, Dexia,
, . 25
2.
;
,
,
, , ,
( ),
(. ).
, ,
Eurogroup 21 2012,
48
.
, ,
, .
3.
;
,
-
71
,
.
,
,
.
(, )
,
,
.
72
73
,
, .
,
. ,
.
26 ,
. ,
,
, -
.
,
,
, .
52
.
52 (
) .
, , , , ,
, .
.
,
( )
,
. , 49.
,
() ,
.
.
,
, , ( ,
), .
.
,
, . ,
, . ,
.
. 25
,
,
,
. ,
, .
(insolvency).
, , (insolvency)
,
.
,
, , ,
.
:
,
,
, ,
.
-
74
, (
) ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
,1 , ,
. ,
, ,
:
. , , ,
,
,
. , ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
1.
2.
26 ,
. 2
pacta sunt servanda.
. , 69 (2)
,
-
.
, , ,
56 (1)
( ).
,
.
,
. , , ,
,
( ) , ,
,
, .
-,
, ,
. 1 (9) 3847/2010,
28 36 ,
.
,
,
,
(
).
,
( ).
,
. 46 (1)
,
, , , ,
.
3.
,
,
75
,
2010,
,
.
()
. 3
, , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
jus cogens, (, ),
53
.
103
,
. 103
:
,
. .
, ,
, :
, . ,
, ,
,
, ,
,
(. 6).
. ,
,
(. 9).
, (. 16).
4.
,
. ,
, , , ,
, .
,
(),
(
2011
,
2010 ).
, 52 , .
. ,
, .4
, ,
, , , , ,
56 (1) .
,
,
. 5 51 52
, ,
,
76
,
, ( )
(
)6
, 52
.
5.
( )
,
,
. , ,
,
,
. ,
.7
6.
,
.
,
, -
, ,
.
,
.
2015.
,
(
) ,
. , , ,
,
2010.
,
49
, ,
,
() ,
.
,
,
.
7.
, ,
,
, , .
,
( , ) .8
(
)
, , .
,
,
.
1.
25
, .9
25,
, ,
.10
25,
.
. .
77
. ,
Socobel,11 o
[ ]
.
, , ,
.
, , ,
.12
:
... . [ ]
, ,
. ,
, , .
LG&E ,
.13
, - .14 :
25%,
,
,
74%.
Continental
:
, ,
,
:
,
,
[...] ,
.15
, , ,
.
.
.
,
. LG&E
. ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
:
. .
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
, .
.
25 -
78
.16 ,
.
,
.
()
( ).
,
.
2.
(insolvency)
.
,
,
, .
.
,
.17
, 2010
,
. 2013 ,
.18 ,
, ,
,
, .
, ,
,
, , , , .
, . ,
,
, .
,
.
25
, .
,
. Postova Banka AS and
Istrokapital SE v Greece,
, ,
.
.19
79
80
81
82
83