HERNIAS
DANIEL IGO
What is a hernia?
A
hernia
is protrusion of an organ or the muscular wallof an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.As a rule, a hernia consists of three parts - the sac, thecoverings of the sac and the contents of the sac.
Hernias by themselves may be asymptomatic, butnearly all have a potential risk of becomingstrangulated.If the blood supply is cut off at the hernia opening in theabdominal wall, it becomes a medical and surgicalemergency.
Pathophysiology
of Hernias
By far the most common hernias develop in the abdomen, when a weakness inthe abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through whichadipose tissue, or abdominal organs covered with peritoneum, may protrude.Hernias may or may not present either with pain at the site, a visible orpalpable lump, or in some cases by more vague symptoms resulting frompressure on an organ which has become "stuck" in the hernia, sometimesleading to organ dysfunction. Fatty tissue usually enters a hernia first, but itmay be followed by or accompanied by an organ.Most of the time, hernias develop when pressure in the compartment of theresiding organ is increased, and the boundary is weak or weakened.Weakening of containing membranes or muscles is usually congenital, andincreases with age, but it may be caused by other factors, such as stretching ofmuscles during pregnancy, losing weight in obese people, etc., or because ofscars from previous surgery.Many conditions chronically increase intra-abdominal pressure, and henceabdominal hernias are very frequent.
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