POCKET BOOKOF
Hospital carefor children
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENTOF COMMON ILLNESSES WITHLIMITED RESOURCES
© World Health Organization 2005
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtainedfrom WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int.Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether forsale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at theabove address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the WorldHealth Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may notyet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does notimply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization inpreference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization toverify the information contained in this publication. However, the published materialis being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. Theresponsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. Inno event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from itsuse.Designed by minimum graphicsPrinted in China, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionWHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataPocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management ofcommon illnesses with limited resources.1.Pediatrics2.Child care3.Hospitals4.Child, Hospitalized5.Developingcountries6.Practice guidelines7.ManualsI.World Health Organization.ISBN 92 4 154670 0(NLM classification: WS 29)
iii
Contents
AcknowledgementsxvForewordxviiAbbreviationsxixChart 1.Stages in the management of the sick child admitted tohospital: summary of key elementsxx
CHAPTER 1. TRIAGE AND EMERGENCY CONDITIONS1
1.1Summary of steps in emergency triage assessment and treatment2Triage of all sick children4Manage the choking infant6Manage the airway in a choking child8How to give oxygen10Position the unconscious child11Give IV fluids rapidly for shock in a child withoutsevere malnutrition12Give IV fluids for shock in a child with severe malnutrition13Give diazepam or paraldehyde rectally14Give IV glucose15Treat severe dehydration in an emergency setting161.2Notes for the assessment of emergency and priority signs171.3Notes for giving emergency treatment to the child with severemalnutrition181.4Diagnostic considerations of children presenting withemergency conditions191.4.1Child presenting with an airway or severe breathingproblem191.4.2Child presenting with shock211.4.3Child presenting with lethargy, unconsciousness orconvulsions221.5Common poisonings251.5.1Principles for ingested poisons25
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