الاستشعار عن بعد

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
215
  215  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬?? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  215  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 


 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
1
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪100‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K K1
K‫א‬ K2
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-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬1J 1
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬           ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬{‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
Remote F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   
Aerial Photo F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ KESensing
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EInterpretation
،‫א‬1960K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EImagesF 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬2J 1
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،1839‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1860K 80‫א‬1858‫א‬
K1882‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K360‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬1903‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬1915K1909
-2-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1915  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       {‫א‬
‫א‬1934‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬1920
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،1942‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
13‫א‬1946‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1957،120‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1946  
K1958‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،E3 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  1965     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ،1972  ‫א‬ 1968   ‫א‬ EF    ‫א‬
E Landsat-1‫א‬‫א‬ ERTS-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1972
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،19741973
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،  ‫א‬   E1J 1F ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 1978‫א‬‫א‬  1972 LANDSAT-1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 1983‫א‬‫א‬  1975 LANDSAT-2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
  1979 NOAA-6  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
 1983‫א‬‫א‬  1978 LANDSAT-3  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
  1981 NOAA-7  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  5
  1982 LANDSAT-4  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6
  1983 NOAA-8  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  7
  1984 LANDSAT-5  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8
  1984 NOAA-9  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  9
  1985 RESURS-O1-1  ‫א‬‫ א‬10
  1986 SPOT-1   11
  1986 NOAA-10  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬12

  1988 RESURS-O1-2  ‫א‬‫ א‬13
  1988 IRS-1A ‫ א‬14


  1988 NOAA-11  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬15

  1990 SPOT-2   16
  1991 IRS-1B  ‫ א‬17
  1991 NOAA-12  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬18

  1993 SPOT-3   19
‫א‬ 20
 1993 LANDSAT-6  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
NOAA-13 21
 1994 NOAA-14  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  1994 RESURS-O1-3  ‫א‬‫ א‬22
  1995 IRS-1C  ‫ א‬23
  1995 RADARSAT  ‫א‬ 24
-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  1997 IRS-1D ‫ א‬25


  1998 RESURS-O1-4  ‫א‬‫ א‬26

  1998 SPOT-4  27
  1998 NOAA-15  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬28
  1999 LANDSAT-7  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬29
  1999 IKONOS  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬30
  2000 EROS-A  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬31
  2000 NOAA-16  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬32
  2001 QuickBird  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬33
  2002 SPOT-5   34
 2002 NOAA-17  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬35

 K‫א‬‫א‬E1J 1F
-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬3J 1
  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 1
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WE1J 1F‫א‬
K‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫ א‬K3
 K‫א‬ K4
-6-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬WE1J 1F
 W‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 1
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEPassiveF‫א‬‫א‬ K
  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEActiveF‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 4J 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E      ‫א‬F     
F ‫א‬   E2J 1 F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ 810C3،‫א‬300Z‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K  
 EF ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Eλ Wave LengthF
 KE3J 1F،EFrequency FF
K‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE3J 1F

-8-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 4J 1
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE4J 1FEBandsF
 KJ     K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J     KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J     K‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬














 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4J 1F
-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 1
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬1J 2J 4J 1
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬ ‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E5J 1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5J 1F
-10-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 4J 1
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J 1‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE6J 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  0.52–0.45
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  0.60–0.52
 E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  0.69–0.63
 K‫א‬  E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  0.90–0.76
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1.75–1.55
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  2.35–2.08
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 10.40
 K‫א‬  12.50
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 1F
-11-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬











 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE6J 1F
 W‫א‬‫א‬3J 4J 1
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
، ، ،F ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬… ،
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE7J 1 F   ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  ، 
،E…،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K

-12-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7J 1F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE8J 1 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫• א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-13-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ 
KE8J 1F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE8J 1F

 W‫א‬3J 4J 1
 K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE9J 1F‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-14-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE9J 1F
-15-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬5J 1
 E
 ،F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،EPicture Elements= PixelF
‫א‬FEGray ScaleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDigital Number = DN‫א‬
 KE10J 1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE10J 1F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EDNF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،1023،511،255،127،63
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K2047  
10 9 8 7 6‫א‬EBinary Computer Coding ScalesF ‫א‬
 KE2048Z211،1024Z210،512Z29،128Z27،64Z26F‫א‬‫א‬11
EDigital Number = DNF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8 255F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE11J 3F‫א‬E
-16-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬




‫א‬255Z28Z8


4
‫א‬16Z2 Z4


‫א‬4Z22Z2 

 ‫א‬2Z21Z1 

 K‫א‬WE11J 3F
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E12J 1F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
،000{1:200‫א‬‫א‬400500EJ 12J 3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 80 100‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬
 ،         ،000 {1:40  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،1:4000 810‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   EF ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-17-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬WE12J 1F
-18-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
2
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪100‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K K1
K‫א‬ K2
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W1J 2
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬   
 KE1J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1J 2F
-18-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E  0.8 0.4F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WE1J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2
‫א‬ Panchromatic‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K  0.72J 0.39‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WMapping Film‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ WReconnaissance ‫א‬  K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-19-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Spatial  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   

KResolution
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
 KE2J 2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 2F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
-20-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KHaze‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E4J 23J 2F‫א‬‫א‬
 KWE3J 2F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE4J 2F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2J 2
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 E5J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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



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








 K‫א‬WE5J 2F
-23-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 2J 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Color Infrared‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE 6 J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬– ‫א‬     ،‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





-24-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬










 E F









 EF
 ‫א‬EFWE6J 2F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF


-25-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 –‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE1J 2F‫א‬
 WMultispectral‫א‬‫א‬5J 2J 2
   K‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-26-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE7J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7J 2F

-27-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،14
 W‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 3J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ERadiometric ResolutionF
K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 14.0F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   E0.3 F ‫א‬
KE
    ‫א‬‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 3J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K14.0J 3.0‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEThermal InfraredF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬3J 1J 3J 2
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   1   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،EActive System  F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KEPassive SystemF‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
  ERadio Detection And Ranging = RadarF   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
 KE8J 2F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫ א‬K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8J 2F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 3J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 3J 2
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 3J 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-30-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬4J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
WEResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
WESpectral ResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K
   0.7  0.4 ‫א‬   E F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WESpatial ResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬    ،  
EIKONOSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، 1   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE10J 29J 2F‫א‬
WERadiometric ResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬
،Ebit 6F 6‫א‬‫א‬ 5
‫א‬FEGray ScaleF ‫א‬    64Z2
6
  
KE11J 2


-31-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WETemporal ResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬16‫א‬5
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE9J 2F


-32-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WE10J 2F
 K30EF،20EF،10EF،5EF،2.5EF،1EF
-33-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬



8
‫א‬255Z2 Z8



‫א‬ 16Z24Z4

‫א‬ 4Z22Z2


 ‫א‬2Z21Z1

 KEGray ScaleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE11J 2F
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 2
IKONOS) 13×13F‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 {E12J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 SPOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE12J 2F
 3‫א‬60‫א‬
-34-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 4J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE13J 2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
KEInclinationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
KEAltitudeF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
KEOrbit TimeFEPeriodF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
KEEquatorial Crossing TimeF‫א‬‫א‬ K4

 K7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE13J 1F
-35-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WEAccuracyF‫א‬4J 4J 2
K‫א‬ETrue or Exact ValueF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  250‫א‬،7‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 250‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WESatelliteF‫א‬‫א‬5J 2
،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J 1
K J 2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 5
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J 6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  K1
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K61QuickBird،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  K2
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K30Landsat-7
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  K3
NOAA-17،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،
-36-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
WEQuick BirdF‫א‬‫א‬EIKONOSF‫א‬‫א‬1J 5J 2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،QUICKBIRD 60 IKONOS 1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
 KE2J 2F
-37-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 EIKONOS – QUICKBIRDF‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 2F
QUICKBIRD  IKONOS ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
October 18, 2001 24 September 1999 ‫א‬

Nadir: (‫א‬)
Nadir: (‫א‬)
61 cm panchromatic
0.82 m panchromatic
2.44 m Multispectral
25° Off-Nadir 25‫א‬
3.2 m Multispectral ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
26° Off-Nadir: ‫א‬26‫א‬)
‫)א‬ Spatial Resolution
1.0 m panchromatic
72 cm panchromatic
4.0 m Multispectral
2.88 m Multispectral
Panchromatic: Panchromatic:
µm0.900–0.45
Multispectral:
µm0.929–0.526
Multispectral:
‫א‬‫א‬
Radiometric ‫א‬
Band 1: Blue 0.45 – 0.52 µm Band 1: Blue 0.445 – 0.516 µm
Band 2: Green 0.52 – 0.60 µm Band 2: Green0.506 – 0.595 µm
Band 3: Red 0.63 – 0.69 µm Band 3: Red 0.632 – 0.698 µm Resolution
Band 4: Near IR 0.76 – 0.90 µm Band 4: Near IR 0.757 – 0.853 µm
16.5 km x 16.5 km at nadir
11.3 kilometers at nadir
 ‫א‬‫א‬
13.8 kilometers at 26° off-nadir  Swath
12-m horizontal and 10-m vertical accuracy
with no ground control
23-meter horizontal (CE90%)
2-m horizontal and 3-m vertical accuracy
with ground control  ‫א‬
These are specified as 90% CE (circular Accuracy
error) for the horizontal
and 90% LE (linear error) for the vertical
kilometers450 681 kilometers

‫א‬‫א‬
Altitude
97.2 degree 98.1 degrees ‫א‬‫א‬Inclination
10:30 a.m. 10:30 a.m. ‫א‬‫א‬
1-3.5 days depending on latitude
3 days at 1-meter resolution, 40° latitude
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(30°off-nadir)
Temporal Resolution
93.5 minutes 98 minutes Orbit time
Sun-synchronous Sun-synchronous  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
bits per pixel = 2 = 2048 levelJ 11
11 11
11-bits per pixel = 2 = 2048 level
 ‫א‬
Radiometric Resolution
-38-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WSOPT-5‫א‬‫א‬Landsat-7‫א‬‫א‬2J 5J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ {
‫א‬KSPOT-5‫א‬‫א‬ 5  30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  Landsat ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 950      ، 27 –   ‫א‬  
7 ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 45،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  26‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬    11 ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،E14J 2F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3J 2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

SPOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE14J 2F
 WNOAA‫א‬‫א‬3J 5J 2
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  
‫א‬، 1‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-39-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 5J 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4J 2F‫א‬K
 ESPOT-5 – Landsat-7F‫א‬‫א‬WE3J 2F
SPOT-5 Landsat-7 ‫أﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬
April 15, 1999 ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻹﻃﻼق‬

Panchromatic 2.5 m or 5m
m for Panchromatic15
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
B1-B3: 10m m for multispectral30 Spatial Resolution
m for thermal60
B4: 20 m
Panchromatic: Panchromatic:
µm071–0.48 µm0.90–0.50
Multispectral: Multispectral:
B1: Green 0.50 – 0.59 µm Band 1: Blue 0.45 – 0.515 µm
B2: Red 0.61 – 0.68 µm Band 2: Green 0.525 – 0.605 µm Radiometric ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
B3: Near IR 0.78 – 0.89 µm Band 3: Red 0.63 – 0.69 µm Resolution
B4: MIR 1.58-1.75 µm Band 4: Near IR 0.775 – 0.90 µm
Band 5: Mid IR 1.55-1.75 µm
Band 6: Thermal IR 10.4-12.5 µm
Band 7: Mid IR 2.09-2.35 µm
120 km (60km x 2) x 80 km 185 km x 170 km Swath ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
250 m horizontal accuracy with no
ground control
m with no ground control50

m horizontal accuracy with ground 15 ‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
control Accuracy
These are specified as 90% CE
(circular error) for the horizontal
km832 705 kilometers Altitude‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻋﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
98 degrees 98.2 degrees ‫ زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ‬Inclination
10.30 a.m. 9:45 a.m. ‫وﻗﺖ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺧﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاء‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
26 days 16 days
Temporal Resolution
101 minutes 98.9 minutes Orbit time
Sun-synchronous Sun-synchronous ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺪار‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
bit = 28 = 256 level8
Radiometric Resolution
-40-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE4J 2F
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
LAUNCH Date SATELLITE Name COUNTRY
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬
Spatial Resolution Swath ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
(‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻹﻃﻼق ) اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫أﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬
PAN RES. M MS RES. M
03/01/1984 Landsat 5 US 30 185
01/22/1990 SPOT-2 France 10 20 120
09/29/1997 IRS 1D India 6 23 70, 142
03/24/1998 SPOT-4 France 10 20 120
04/15/1999 Landsat 7 US 15 30 185
09/24/1999 IKONOS-2 US 1 4 11
12/20/1999 KOMPSAT-1 Korea 6.6 17
12/05/2000 EROS A1 Israel 1.8 14
06/28/2000 Tsinghua-1 (SSTL) China 39 600
12/07/2000 EO-1 US 10 30 37
03/12/2000 MTI US 5, 20 12
10/18/2001 QuickBird-2 US 0.6 2.5 16
10/22/2001 Proba ESA 8 18, 36 14
05/04/2002 SPOT-5 France 2.5 10 120
06/26/2003 OrbView 3 US 1 4 8
09/27/2003 DMC BilSat (SSTL) Turkey 12 26 52
09/27/2003 DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) Nigeria 32 600
09/27/2003 DMC UK (SSTL) UK 32 600
10/17/2003 IRS ResourceSat-1 India 6 6, 23 24, 140
10/21/2003 CBERS-2 China/Brazil 20 20 113
12/01/2004 DMC ThaiPhat (SSTL) Thailand 36 600
04/20/2004 RocSat2 Taiwan 2 8 24
06/30/2004 Resurs DK-#1 Russia 1 3 28
11/15/2004 KOMPSAT-2 Korea 1 4 15
12/15/2004 MONITOR-E #1 Russia 8 20 94, 160
12/15/2004 SICH-1M #1 Russia 24 24 48
03/01/2005 DMC China DMC China 4 32 600
03/01/2005 TopSat (SSTL) UK 2.5 5 10, 15
05/01/2005 DMC VinSat-1 Vietnam 32 600
06/01/2005 ALOS Japan 2.5 10 35, 70
03/01/2006 EROS B Israel 0.7 7
01/15/2006 CBERS-2B China/Brazil 20 20 113
01/15/2006 IRS ResourceSat-2 India 6 6, 23 24, 140
01/15/2006 X-Sat Singapore 10 50
06/01/2007 RapidEye-A Germany 6.5 78
06/01/2007 RapidEye-B Germany 6.5 78
03/01/2008 EROS C Israel 0.7 2.5 16
05/01/2008 CBERS-3 China/Brazil 5 20 60, 120
07/01/2008 Pleiades-1 France 0.7 2.8 20
06/30/2008 LDCM US 10 30 177
07/01/2009 Pleiades-2 France 0.7 2.8 20
06/01/2010 CBERS-4 China/Brazil 5 20 60, 120
-41-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
3
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪100‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K12
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K2







-42-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W1J 3
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬2J 3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE1J 3F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEImage PreprocessingF‫א‬‫ א‬K1
KEImage EnhancementF‫א‬ K2
KEImage Merging and Image MosaicF‫א‬ K3


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬


‫א‬ 


‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE1J 3F
-43-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WEImage PreprocessingF‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 3
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 WEGeometric CorrectionF‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 2J 3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE2J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 3F

-44-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WERadiometric CorrectionF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 2J 3
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE3J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3J 3F
 WENoise RemovalF‫א‬‫א‬3J 1J 2J 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E4J 3F‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
-45-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬








 K‫א‬‫א‬WE4J 3F

 WEImage EnhancementF‫א‬2J 2J 3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،EContrast EnhancementF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE5J 3FEHistogram AdjustmentF‫א‬
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‫א‬ 
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 KEHistogramF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE5J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬،EEdge EnhancementF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE6J 3F‫א‬
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‫א‬ ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE6J 3F
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WEImage Merging and Image MosaicF‫א‬3J 2J 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7‫א‬‫א‬ ،7‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، 175 185‫א‬
EBandFKE7J 3FEMosaicF،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، 4‫א‬‫א‬
 KE8J 3F1
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 KEMosaicF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7J 3F
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‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8J 3F
 K1‫א‬EF،1EF،4
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬3J 3
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬       
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE9J 3F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
،‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬WE9J 3F
-49-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 3
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
  K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WESizeF‫ א‬K1
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE10J 3








 K،‫א‬‫א‬WE10J 3F

WEShapeF‫ א‬K2
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K K ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
 E‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE12J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-50-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KE13J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬E11J 3F
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE12J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE13J 3F
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  {‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
J 3   14J 3 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  {‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 KE15
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE14J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE15J 3F
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WEToneF‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ESingle BandF‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬EGray ScaleF‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE16J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE16J 3F
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WEPatternF‫ א‬K4
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE17J 3F‫א‬‫א‬
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 
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE17J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
WEShadowF‫ א‬K5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE18J 3F‫א‬
 KE19J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 K‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE18J 2F
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE19J 3F
-55-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
WEDate-Day and YearF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6

{
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE20J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE20J 3F
 K‫א‬
WESiteF‫ א‬K7
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-56-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WETextureF‫ א‬K8
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬،Smooth‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬KRough‫א‬،EMat‫א‬
 KE21J 2F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE21J 3F

-57-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 3J 3
 {‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬،Signature‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫ א‬K1
‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE22J 3F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬











 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE22J 3F

 W‫א‬‫ א‬K2
{
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-58-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬{  ‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫ א‬K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{E،،F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE23J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬

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-59-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 KE23J 3F
 W‫א‬‫ א‬K5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ KE24J 3F
K
 ‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE24J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬{
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
{
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
E25J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE26J 3F‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE25J 3F
 
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K‫א‬–‫א‬WE26J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ { ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE27J 3F‫א‬
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 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE27J 3F
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE28J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 KE–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE28J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WEClassification‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EDN > 35<150FDN‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KThemes ‫א‬
 KE29J 3FEDN‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬













 K‫א‬‫א‬WE29J 3F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KESupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
KEUnsupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

-64-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
WESupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2J 3
‫א‬      ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
ETraining AreasF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 WE30J 3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE31J 3F







 K‫א‬‫א‬ WE31J 3F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬




 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 1
 2 
 3
 4 
 5

‫א‬ 
DN1 
DN2
 Z  DN3 
 ‫א‬E1 DN4
DN5 
‫א‬‫א‬  Z 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 Z   ‫א‬E2
  ‫א‬  
   
  Z  
 

   ،‫א‬
 Z 
 ‫ א‬ 
‫א‬ Z  

‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ 
‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E3 
‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬

،‫א‬W‫א‬ 
،‫א‬، 
‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬
‫א‬

‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ق‬

‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE30J 3F
-66-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    W‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
F،،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE32J 3

‫ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ 
30
26 
25

Pixel ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ‬
20
15 
10
5
6 6 
4

5 2
0
‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫رﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ ذرة‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ 
‫ﺣﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟـــﻔــــﺌــــــﺎﺕ‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬

10.20% 5   

12.24% 6 
53.06% 26 

12.24% 6   
8.16% 4   
 
4.08% 2 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
100 % 49

 K‫א‬WE32J 3F
-67-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
WEUnsupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2J 3
  ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ …،،
 KE33J 3F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬







 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE33J 3F
-68-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪100‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K K1
 K‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3






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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W1J 4
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬K
‫א‬ { ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬60F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬EQuickBird
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
ESoft CopyF‫א‬EHard CopyF‫א‬‫א‬
EVector LayersF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KEGeographic Information System = GISF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EOrthoimage MapsF

  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
Digital Data Elevation Model = DEMF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،ETerrain Elevation Data = DTED
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ETop ViewF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E1J 4F ELas Vegas– 
‫א‬‫א‬،2000EF‫א‬1972EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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
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 K2000EF،1972EFELas Vegas–FWE1J 4F
-74-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،E‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE2J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0.650.45
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-75-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.75‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E1.3J 0.75F‫א‬‫א‬K1.3‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪50‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1.91.4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬












 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 4F
-76-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬     
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،        ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
٪3J ٪2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
-77-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ K1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
         W‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KE3J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3J 4F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬     K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
      K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ECooper  Manzer  F 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 E4J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،         ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE5J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFWE4J 4F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE5J 4F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬4J 4
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K  
‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،E6J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE7
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 K‫א‬‫א‬WE6J 4F
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-83-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7J 4F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE8J 4F
-84-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬WE8J 4F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬5J 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
  ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬KE9J 4F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 0.45
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    ،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE9J 4F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  {‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 2.35–2.1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، 12.5 – 10.5‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9J 4F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K 0.45 – 0.30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬

-88-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ETsunami–F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 2004
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E11J 4 10J 4FK‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K  
-89-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  215  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 WE8J 4F
 KEQuick Bird 23/06/2004F‫א‬WE10J 4F



KEQuick Bird 28/12/2004F‫א‬‫א‬WE11J 4F


-90-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K،1986،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K193،‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،1993،‫א‬ •
 K70،‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬،K،1994،‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K417،‫א‬J ،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬،K،1983،‫א‬ •
 K567،‫א‬J 
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬،K،1987،‫• א‬
K268،‫א‬–،‫א‬
K20051425‫א‬11‫א‬،‫א‬ •
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K40،‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬،‫א‬–‫א‬
،K‫א‬KK،1994،‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
• Effect of Data Compression on Image Analysis And Classification
Accuracy, 1998, Suliman Rashed Al-Daham, King Saud University –
Riyadh, KAS, 55 Pages.
• Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation Fifth Edition, 2004,Thomas
M. Lillesand – Ralph W. Kiefer – Jonathan W. Chipman, United States of
America, 763 Pages.

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  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Ee-BookF
• Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing,
258 Pages.
• Remote Sensing, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, 2003, US Amy
Corps of Engineers, Engineering And Design, 217 Pages.


 ‫א‬‫א‬
QUICKBIRD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 http://www.digitalglobe.com
IKONOS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
http://www.spaceimaging.com
 LANDSAT7‫א‬‫א‬
 Lhttp://landsat7.usgs.gov
 SPOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
http://www.spotimage.fr/home
 RADARSAT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
http://radarsat.mda.ca
 W‫א‬
http://www.cadmagazine.net
http://www.gisdevelopment.net
http://www.orbimage.com
http://gislounge.com
http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca
http://www.isro.org
http://landsat.usgs.gov
-92-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
 6 ‫א‬ 1J 1
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 1
 7 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3J 1
 8 ‫א‬‫א‬ 4J 1
 9 ‫א‬‫א‬ 5J 1
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6J 1
 11 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7J 1
 12 ‫א‬‫א‬ 8J 1
 13 ‫א‬‫א‬ 9J 1
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬ 10J 1
 15 ‫א‬ 11J 1
 16 ‫א‬‫א‬ 12J 1

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
 18 ‫א‬‫א‬ 1J 2
 20 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 2
 21  3J 2
 22 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4J 2
 23 ‫א‬ 5J 2
 ‫א‬EF 6J 2
 25 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 27 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7J 2
 29 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8J 2
 32 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9J 2
-93-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 ،5EF،2,5EF،1EF 10J 2
 33 30EF،20EF،10EF
 34 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 11J 2
 34 SPOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 12J 2
 35 7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 13J 2
 39 SPOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 14J 2

  ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
 43 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1J 3
 44 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 3
 45 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3J 3
 46 ‫א‬‫א‬ 4J 3
 46 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5J 3
 47 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6J 3
 48 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7J 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8J 3
 ،4‫א‬EF
 ،1EF
 48 1‫א‬EF
 49 ‫א‬ 9J 3
 50 ،‫א‬‫א‬ 10J 3
 51 ‫א‬‫א‬ 11J 3
 51 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 12J 3
 52 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 13J 3
 52 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 14J 3
 53 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 15J 3
-94-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 54 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 16J 3
 54 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 17J 3
 55 ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 18J 3
 55 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 19J 3
 56 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 20J 3
 57 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 21J 3
 58 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 22J 3
 60  23J 3
 60 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 24J 3
 61 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 25J 3
 61 ‫א‬–‫א‬ 26J 3
 62 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 27J 3
 63 E–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 28J 3
 64 ‫א‬‫א‬ 29J 3
 66 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 30J 3
 65 ‫א‬‫א‬ 31J 3
 67 ‫א‬‫א‬ 32J 3
 68‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 33J 3

 ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ELas Vegas–F 1J 4
 74 2000EF،1972EF
 76 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 4
 79 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3J 4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF 4J 4
 80 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

-95-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5-4
 81 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 83 ‫א‬‫א‬ 6J 4
 84 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7J 4
 85 ‫א‬‫א‬ 8J 4
 87 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9J 4
 90 EQuick Bird 23/06/2004F‫א‬ 10J 4
 90 EQuick Bird 28/12/2004F‫א‬‫א‬ 11J 4

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
 4 ‫א‬‫א‬ 1J 1
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 1
‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
 26 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1J 2
 38 IKONOS – QUICKBIRD)F‫א‬‫א‬ 2J 2
 40 SPOT-5 – Landsat-7)F‫א‬‫א‬ 3J 2
 41 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4J 2
 
-96-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 1 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 2K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬1J 1
 2 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬2J 1
 6K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬3J 1
 6K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 1
 7K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 1
 8K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 4J 1
 9K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 4J 1
 10 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 1
 10 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬1J 2J 4J 1
 11 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 4J 1
 12 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬3J 4J 1
 14 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬3J 4J 1
 16 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬5J 1
 17 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 18 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W1J 2
 19 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2
 19 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2
 20 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2
 22 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2J 2
 24 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 2J 2
 26 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WMultispectral‫א‬‫א‬5J 2J 2
 27 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2
 28 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 2
 28 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 3J 2
 28 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 3J 2
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  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 28 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬3J 1J 3J 2
 30 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 3J 2
 30 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 3J 2
 30 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 3J 2
 31 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬4J 2
 31 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 2
 34 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 2
 35 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 4J 2
 36 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEAccuracyF‫א‬4J 4J 2
 36 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WESatelliteF‫א‬‫א‬5J 2
 37 K K K K K WEQuick BirdF‫א‬‫א‬EIKONOSF‫א‬‫א‬1J 5J 2
 39 K K K K K K K K K K K K WSOPT-5‫א‬‫א‬Landsat-7‫א‬‫א‬2J 5J 2
 39 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WNOAA‫א‬‫א‬3J 5J 2
 40 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 5J 2
 42 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 43 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬2J 3
 44 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEImage PreprocessingF‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 3
 44 K K K K K K K K K K K K WEGeometric CorrectionF‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 2J 3
 45 K K K K K K K K K WERadiometric CorrectionF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 2J 3
 45 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WENoise RemovalF‫א‬‫א‬3J 1J 2J 3
 46 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEImage EnhancementF‫א‬2J 2J 3
 47 K K K K K K K K K K K WEImage Merging and Image Mosaic F‫א‬3J 2J 3
 49 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬3J 3
 50 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 3
 50 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WESizeF‫א‬K1
 50 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEShapeF‫א‬2.
 53 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEToneF‫א‬3.
 54 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEPatternF‫א‬4.
-98-
  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 55 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEShadowF‫א‬5.
 56 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WEDate-Day and Year F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6.
 56 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WESiteF‫א‬7.
 57 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WETextureF‫א‬K8
 58 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 1J 3J 3
 58 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬K1
 58 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬K2
 59 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬K3
 59 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K4
 60 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬K5
 61 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K6
 62 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K7
 64 K K K K K K K K K K K K WEClassification‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 3
 65 K K K K K K K K K K WESupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2J 3
 68 K K K K K K K K WEUnsupervised ClassificationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2J 3
 69 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 70 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬2J 4
71 ....................................................................................................W‫א‬
72 ......................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
72 .......................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
73 ..................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
74 ...................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
75 ..................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 75 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 4
77 ............................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
78 ..................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
79 ........................................................................................................ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 82 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬4J 4
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  215  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

82 ................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
86 ............................................................................................................... W‫א‬
 86 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬5J 4
86 ......................................................................................................W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
89 ....................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 91 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
 92 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
 93 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 96 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
-100-
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

الاستشعار عن بعد

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الاستشعار عن بعد

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

  1986 NOAA-10  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬12

  1988 IRS-1A ‫ א‬14

  1988 NOAA-11  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬15

  1991 NOAA-12  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬18

  1995 RADARSAT  ‫א‬ 24

  1997 IRS-1D ‫ א‬25

  1998 RESURS-O1-4  ‫א‬‫ א‬26

 2002 NOAA-17  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬35

Spatial  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬    

 WETemporal ResolutionF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4

 EIKONOS – QUICKBIRDF‫א‬‫א‬WE2J 2F

QUICKBIRD  IKONOS ‫א‬‫א‬

October 18, 2001 24 September 1999 ‫א‬

kilometers450 681 kilometers

April 15, 1999 ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻹﻃﻼق‬

m with no ground control50

WEDate-Day and YearF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ { ‫א‬

‫ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 KE3J 4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ 

KEQuick Bird 28/12/2004F‫א‬‫א‬WE11J 4F

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬

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Spatial  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   