THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE ANDRELIGION IN THE WESTERNTRADITION: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA

GARY B.FERNGREN

General Editor

Professor of HistoryOregon State UniversityCorvallis, Oregon

Edward J. Larson

Co-editor

Richard B. Russell Professorof History and LawUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, Georgia

Darrel W. Amundsen

Co-editor

Professor of ClassicsWestern Washington UniversityBellingham, Washington

Anne-Marie E. Nakhla

Assistant Editor

Independent ScholarSeattle, WashingtonGARLAND PUBLISHING, INC.A MEMBER OF THE TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUPNEW YORK & LONDON2000-iii-Published in 2000 by Garland Publishing, Inc.A member of the Taylor & Francis Group29 West 35th StreetNew York, NY 10001

Copyright © 2000 by Gary B. FerngrenAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any formor by any electronic,mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying andrecording, or in anyinformation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataThe history of science and religion in the western tradition: an encyclopedia/Gary B. Ferngren,general editor;Edward J. Larson, Darrel W. Amundsen, co-editors; Anne-Marie E. Nakhla, assistant editor.p. cm.-(Garland reference library of the humanities; o. 1833)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8153-1656-9 (alk. paper)1. Religion and science-History. I. Ferngren, Gary B. II. Larson, Edward J. (Edward John) III.Amundsen,Darrel W. IV. Series.BL245.H57 2000291.1'75-dc2100-025153Printed on acid-free, 250-year-life paperManufactured in the United States of America-iv-

CONTENTS

PREFACExiiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSxvCONTRIBUTORSxvii

Part I. The Relationship of Science and Religion1

David B. Wilson

Colin A. Russell

Stephen C. Meyer

Frederick Suppe

John Henry

Colin A. Russell

Stanley L. Jaki

Margaret J. Osler

John Hedley Brooke