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d+|{: 1 d+ : 22

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16.7.2015 qT+& 31.7.2015 es

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^dt n|\T &| 127%, 2010 150% e+&>, 2012
177 X |]>sTT. <TwjT+ ^dt B|q #s\
u>+> s+&T <b\T n|\T +~. yTT<{k] 11,000
jTs\T, s+&ek] 13,000 jTs\T #sTT.
M{bT y] wsT\ eHsTT. M]q n|\ 81%
b n|\T, y{| e&\ #*+| ] ys rdT=HsT.
e\+ 19% eyT ^dT \_+#sTT. #sD
^dt n_eB
<T. <TwjT+ dVjT+ |sT sTTq n|\ e\q ^dt
eT]+ }_ LsT be&yT ]+~. 2015 pH 30
H{ ^dt 180 &\sT ysTT<qT, e& s|+ 33.8
&\sqT .jT+.jT|t. #*+#*. n|qT ^dt H&T
#*+ #>\ d <T . .jT+.jT|.t pH 30 H{ ^dt n|qT
#*+#b m>y<sT> eTT<|&TT+~. k<sD+> |<
<X\ m>y eTT< |&TT+~. H&T n_e~ #+~q ^dt
eTT< |&qTq~. ^dT pH 820 &\sT, E 880
&\sT, >dT 950 &\sT D+ neds+ e+~.
^dt n|sq H>] >\ <X\ {. m+ eT+~
>=| >=| Xdy\T, y\qT n+~+q <X+. ^dt Hu
1 { |~ \\T. jTs| <X\ *d jTs|jTH>
@s& n_e~ #+<\ +#sTT. eT& es{, eT&
s @ss#T=HsTT. @sT <TwjT+ +<
Vk\ y& eyT &&+~. <TwjT+| |P]>
<s|& <X+> ^dt esT+~.
|]dT 2015 qe] ^dt m\T ]>sTT.
m\ <TwjT+ $~+q b<T| #s\ >T]+ |<q
|#s n+X+> e+~. b<T| #s\ e\qH d+u+
|]+<, b<T| #s\qT es+#&+ <s |\ Jeq
|]dT\qT yTsT>T|s# >\eT m\ bZq ds |+T
|#s+ #d+~. ds |+T n s\ yeT| uy\T >\
d+d\ L& eq~. |{ jTs eT+ uy\T \
y] qT+& e]dT` dT uy\T \ y] dV |+ T
#ssT. |\T ds |+TqT >*|+#sT. <TwjT+ $~+q
b<T| #s \ (Austerity measures) es+> <D jTs|
<Xq , dsTTH, bsT> <X\ |\ L& es
e+~. B es+> |\T +<q\T #dTHsT.
ds n~s+ eq|{ qT+& d+u |]cs
<Tw jT + esTd> #s \T k++~. #s \ <Tw jT +
eT] b<T| #s\qT |b~++~. ds |uT+
wsT\qT y~+# be&+ e] #s\T |w+uq
>TsjsTT.
<TwjT+ wsT\T 1) ^dt &| e~sT 2015 1%,
2016 2%, 2017 3% e+&\ <++~. 2) n

s+>\ 23% |qT\T |+#\ &e+& #d+~. 3) ^dt

J&| |qH\ KsTqT 1% Z+#\ n+f |dT+ 16%
qT+& 15% Z+#\ &e+& #d+~. ]\ yH\T
Z+#\ &e+& #d+~.
B |> ^dt J&| e~s T 2015 0.6%, 2016
1.5%, 2017 2.5% k~+#>\eT #|+~. |qT\
d++~+ sT, $<TT, Vs+ +{ y{| 11% eyT
|qT\T |+#>\ eT $T> y{| 23% |+#>\ eT #| +~.
|qH\ KsT d++~+ Z+#&+ k<+ < #|+~.
< sD+ |qH <sT\ 2/3 eT+~ Jeq ksTT <]<
sK <>Zs> e+<, < < +f +< e+< n+<Te\q
KsTqT +Z #&+ <s< #| +~. ]\ yH \T $T>
<X\ b*H # e ksTT eHjT + +Z #&+
<s< #|+~.
<jT+ |+#& <\| |qT\T |+#TeT ^dt
|b~++~. n+> n|\qT #*+#& =+ >&TeqT
|+#\, = s\ n|\ #*+| Bs\ >&Te y\
n&+~.
<TwjT+ #s\ ds |uT+ =+ |T
$&T|\H e+~. |+> qT |\ b<T| #s\qT
neT\T #jTqH y>q+H n~s+ e+~. n+<Te\q
eT |\ #dq y>H neT\T #jT&+ n+f <TwjT+
$~+# wsT\qT | be&yT.
eTs=y| <Tw jT + eTT $~+# ws T \qT ^dt neT\T
#j*+<qH |T e+~. >+ qT+& ^dt eTT $~+q
ws T \qT d]> neT\T #jT < , nedsy T ^dt |uT
es\H yK] e+~. <TwjT+ jTT ] |q+
ksTT e+~. <Twj eT |T&T\| q $<+>
u\T edTH j, < nH~ |< qyTq <w | eT dV jT+

dTBsY
b+~q ys T n_ e ~ k~ + # T T Hs? +< T \qT
m<Ts=+THs nH~ neds+ <T. H&T ^dt w |]dT\qT
m<Ts=+T+f <TwjT+ e+ eT u\qT, n|\qT
sTe& ]qyTq wsT\qT $~k+~. wsT\T ^dt
>sy u+>+ *+# $<+> eHsTT. n+<Te\qH
^dt ] eT+ <TwjT+ wsT\qT ] >y<+>
e]+#&T.
<TwjT+ u~]+|\ <s dbdt |uT L
u>k$T nsTT+~. ^dt b\ |+ d]C s|q
\+&H n~s |~> eq |d< eTV yTTs |+{*dt
$<+> #|+~. > <T sE\T> ^dt| ]q <&
$<+> |uT+| sT>TuTqT bV+#&yT. ^dt|
jT+ sT<ue&yT. @ s|+q <e dVjT+
n+<+& #jT&yT. |* ujTu+T\ >T] #jT&yTq
|{++~.
<TwjT+ <s+ >\ ||+# sTD d+d\T 100
|> <X 1980 qT+N nqTd]dTq sTD $<H\T, ,
k |uT \qT L\T eq |< T \qT { H&T ^dtq
n> eeV]+#TT+~.
H|<+ ^dt |< <TwjT+ $~+q wsT\qT
y~+, y] + be&e? d++> eT
$<H\qT nqTd]+#&e nH deTd| |C_bjT+
\TdTe& s|s+&+ |{+#&T.
^dt |{ + q s |s +&+ $jT+ k~d <Tw jT +
#s\ eT H \+ #LsTT+<, ^dt |< dbdt
|{+#&T. s|s+&+ jTdt, H s+&T neX eHsTT.
^dt |< dbdt HsT> |\qT H zfjTeT |#s+
#X&T. jTdt zfjTeT |#s+ #dqysT H zT yd
^dt eT]+ c\ bT+<, u$wY N |\qT
ujT|{sT. nsTTH ^dt |\T s|s+&+ KyTq
yTC]{ H zT yXsT. ^dt |\T >sy,
_eH |<]+#sT. |uT n+&> *#sT.
*#sT. ~ <Twj, jTs|jTH L$T yTT<{
m<TsT<. < s+ +<T\T m<Ts=+Tq bsT>, dsTTH,
<X\ |\, <X\ ^dt esZ+ #|+~.
|eTTK nyT] Xdy ||+# >T~|T\ >T]+
$<+> #b&T. d+ <X\qT sTD\ +~+#
Xe+yTq n+srjT d+d\T ||+# <e~ d+d

(.jT+.jT|t) ||+# u+ s+X~s esZ b<

d+d\T. M{ |<q y{<sT\T ` nyT], _H, bH
e+{ d+|q <X\ |uT \T. $ |T&< eed &
|#d <e jT+D d+d\T. \e+T\ ], <e
|jH\ nqT>TD+> d+~d e+{sTT. $ esT
X\qT/esqT sTesT #jT&+ <s <X\ Crj]
eed\qT Xdd y{|q |q+ #sTTd e+{sTT. <
` b|dsT yTU #eTTd
nd\T |e<+.
(qq ] d+dsD\T ` ||+ # y| <]BsD 1997 qT+)
|q |s=q $<+> .m+.m|t. +{ <e |+<
d+d\T H&T ^dtqT +<T\ >T]#dTHsTT.
||+#+ |eTTK ]y\T Cdwt d{ <eTdt
| { , b>eH\T ^dtqT deT]+#sT. <Tw jT + ws T \qT
e s + # & + d s q < , ^dt e T u $ w Y q T eTT
sb+~+#T=H XqT *+#TT+< #bsT.
s|s+&+ |*\T s>H ^dt |< m +<T\T
m<TsH ^dt >sy qw+ seeT ^dt |\T
s|+#s nH&T. jTs|jTH jTjTH #s\T
sT|eT, |T $&T|\ e+{eT #b&T. .jT+.jT|.t
L& ^dt ] #s\ eTT dTeTTKyTq |{++~.
^dt |\ n_bj >s$keT s |{++~. s
#H\sY m+C yTs, bqT |< b+sTTdt s|s+&+
eTTdq sC bqT d+|~+|\T ]bsT.
|T $&T|\ u>+> ^dt |< eT <X ] eT+
jTqdtqT u<\ qT+& |+#q #b&T. <TwjT+
w s T \ u > + >H | # d e + ^dt
qwsyTq<eT+~. e&, u~]+|\T |+ + eksH
d+\T |+|qeT+~. jTs|jTH jTjTH <X\
=+<sT eTT yTT ~ n+^s sy\H yK]
eHsT. eT]=+<sT b yK] eHsT. ^dt sJ|&
n~ $T> <X\| |ue+ |&TT+< n+THsT. ^dt
|]De\ jTs|jTH ] eT+T\T neds deyX+
sT|THsT. jTs|jTH +< u+ >+ yTT+&
|TqT d&*+#T= =+ |qs#q |&qT ys\T
ddTHsTT.
<TwjT+ @yTH eT ~| \T|e&+ eT
u\ & +& #dTe&+H < X< n+
e+T+<H < d+<V+ e+&s<T. |]dT\qT {
=k] =+ ydT\TuT yK] e+&e#T. n> ^dt
+{ <X+ |C_bjT+, |C <eT+, |C bs{\
e& y{ b< + eV+# X \ duy { <TwX \
qT+& m+{ ssTTr\T b+<>\sH~ e+T+~. @<H ~
* |]cs+ | XX |]cs+ <T. k<H \
de|s+ nsTTq|&T, XeT <|& n+eTsTTq|&T, ]
esZ+ sj~s+ k~+q|&T eyT XX |]cs+
k<+. n~ ] esZ $|e+ <sH k<+.
|T&< $<q+ n_e~ eT\+> de+ |\T
s+&T esZ\T> n++ $ueTesT. y| >T|&T
eT+~ |T&<sT\ # de+ d+|< je b>
eTs=y| XeTX | eT]+$T |\T dMTT\esT.
y] J$+#& L& neX\T +& bsTT. ysT
s>&+ | eT]+MT e+&<T. n< ]esZ $|e+.
]esZ+ sC~s se&+ nys+.
||+# u+ \ |syT ||+#+ < <X\,
|< <X\ eT<, |\ <\, |<\ eT<
n++ ed+ |]bT+~. <]<+ |]b+~.
yTT+> #d .jT+.jT|t., jTs|jTH jTjTH,
jTs|jTH +< u+\T + \+ dVjT+ |sT ^dt
<X \{ #XsTT. nH +\ <X ~y
rsTT+#sTT. \d+>HH ^dt |uTeT, ^dt |\
<TwjT+ \q, +\q >V+#sT. <TwjT+
u~]+|\q, mT>&\q T#d |dT |uT ^dt
|\T eT<T#sT. n+&> *#sT. |\ eT<Tq,
n+&<+&\q, >sy ^dt |uT+ \uTy*.
<Tw j es+> sJ bsT d\b*. n|&T eyT
reyTq ] d+u+ eq ^dt < qT+& u |&TT+~.
n >+& @ e+ yTyK] ne\+_+H n~
<Twj =eTT\T qeT+~. ^dt |uT+ <&+>
eeV]dT+ < <+. m+ |]D |<] +q ^dt |\
CC\T |\T<+.

d+|{: 1 d+ : 22

ysTTdt |t q&yd

16.7.2015 qT+& 31.7.2015 es

|J : 6

|#TsD d\+ : KeT+

+~s >+B meTs ` HsTTq >TDbs\T

us sC+>+ ||+#+H eTyTq, >=|
|Ck$T sC+>+> ]+#T sT>T+~. sC+>+
<s <X+ bsyT+ |CkeT+ neT\T sT>T+~.
sC+>+ <X+ bsT\+<] \+, eT+, b++, uw,
*+> $e +& deq+> bsV \T, d#\ T |s=qT
]+~. |Cke eT\d+uq # du\T, |]b\H
eed, HjT eed\ eT< deTT\ e+&T> |s=qT
]+~. s+ jTT Xj\T, \\T sC+>+q,
< d\q |+> |s=qT ]+~. sC+>+
1956 qe] 26 qT+& neT\T e 65 d+\T <{+~.
\+ eq nqTuy\T sC+>+ |{ Xj\,
\\ |P] _q+> eHsTT. sC+>yT bsT\ b<$T
V\|, bs d#\|, |Cke\| nH |]$TT\T
$~++~. > 65 d+\ \+ b<$T V\qT, bs
d#\qT, |Cke J$+ nqTu$+# |\T `
n$ osT e#T Xq b++ = sc\T e#T
$|y<eT b+\T e#T ` H{ eHs+f nXj
<T. <X+ +s+ \+ @s&q|&, $<o <TseTD
|e<+ @s& <X nd eTT| @s&q|&T <X+
meTs $~+, |\ b<$T V\T, bs d#\T s<T
#jT{ sC+>+H = +<q\THsTT. sC+>+
|syT, #<+>H s<T #jTT sC+>+ neX+
*k+~. <X+ s +&T $<q meTs \qT sTT|{ #$#d+~.
1962 ]q usY`#H d]V<T jTT<+ deTjT+ uV
meTs |{+#>, +s+ meTs 1975 pH 25q
nss |{ + #T ]+~. <X+ +s+ nsTT |]d
|{ + , 40 d+\T <{+~. ;C| djTsY HjT&q jT. .
n<, <X+ meTs |e<+ >T]+ #dq |q, y&
|uT + nqTd]dTq n|Ck$T, s+X <sDT\T <X+
|< #s <] rXsTT. 1975 pH 25q nss =+
eTT+<T> H&T <X |<> eq +~s >+B |+|+q
|\T| H&T sw|> eq |BH n nV< d++ #d,
<X+ meTs |{+#&T. H{ nsTT |]d
d+Veq+ #dT+, H{ |]d d\+> |]o*<+.

<X+ +s+ nsTT |]d H|<+

<X+ bsyT+T 1971 ]q k<sD m
518 d 352 bsyT+T dT >\T#T u yTC]{
+~s >+B | < q eT+ nsTT+~. +~s >+B
s|<X sjTs j esZ+ qT+& b{ #d,
usrjT < HjT&T sC HsjTD| |< yTC]{
>*+~. m +~s >+B mqT sC HsjTD
n\Vu<T VsT dy\T #X&T. m +~s >+B
|uT jT++> <T]j>+ #Xs, Vs+> du
y~qT bdT\ @s]#s, $<TYqT jTXb nH
|uT< ds|s #sTT+#& ssD #d, +~s >+B
m #\< n\Vu< VsT & >yVH dH
12.6.1975q rsT #b&T. H{ qT+& 6 d+\T m
b{ #jTs< L& rsT #b&T. jT|wt HsjTDY
dV, <X+ <<| n ||\T +~s >+B y+H
|< |<$ sJHe #j\ &e+& #XsTT. ~ <X
y| <eT+> e]+~. n\Vu<T VsT rsT| dT|+
sT +~s >+B n|\T #dT+~. +~s >+B n|\T|
dT|+ sT ywH &> eq $.sY. wjTsY wsT\
L&q d sTTd, 24.6.1975 rsT #b&T. +~s >+B
|<q eT+> =qk>e#Tq, , bsyT+T #s
, z{+>T bZqs<, bsyT+T duTs*> @
$<y T q ks\T b+<L &< rsT #b&T. rsT, +~s
>+B |< |<$ sJHe #j\H &e+& eT]+>
eP| +~. +~s >+B |<q eT+ |<$ sJHe
#j\ &e+& #d, pH 25q & syT yT<q+
qT+& u ePs+|, |<sq ]>sTT. +<T ||\
HjT\T bZHsT. d+<s+> +~s >+B sJHe
sT, ys+ sE\T d>V + #| u TqT> jT|wt
HsjTDY |\T| sTT#&T. # esyTq, nHyTq |uT
es T \T b{+#e< dq +, bdT, |uT <>T\ C.|.
|\T| sTT#&T. +~s >+B |<q eT+ |<$ sJHe

#j*q nysyTq | d @s&+~. d q

|<$, n~s b&T=qT n~s e]& s
yTT<{k] <X+ nsTT |]d |{+#T <s, |\|
eTs $<+> #b\+f, jTT< |{++~. H&T |eT
u+>\T eTTKeT+> eq d<s X+sY s d\V, +~s
>+B #s |PqTqT> #] *jT#dTq~. +~s
>+B +s+ meTs |q| eT+ esZ+ y<+
b+<< T . d+ y] de#s+ L& sTTe+&H |+|+q
<d+| 1975 pH 25 nss, =~ $Tc\ 26e B
|y+#{ eTT+<T H&T qT q$Tq +fq sw|>
eq | BH n nV< d++ #d, <X+ n+sZ meTs
|{+#&T. <X+ n+sZ meTs |{+#{
n\Vu<T VsT, dT|+ sT rsT\T, +~s >+B |<q
eT+ |<$ sJHe &e+& #d sT>TTq +<q\T
D sD+>q, s+>q |#dq|{ y @
sD+ <T.
1971 bsyT+T m\ eTT+<, 1969 E
+~s >+B #dq |< u+\ CrjTsD, 1976
d|+ sT sus D \ s<T yT |wq T |+#sTT. 1971
bkH| jTT<+ #d, +><X @sT #jTT +~s >+B
|sT |w\T, | |\T& eT]+ eq ksTT #]+~.
M{ e|j+#T+, >u Vsy H<+ +~s
m bZ+~. m 352 kH >*, 2/3 e+T
yTC]{ bsy T +T k~++~. +<+, sc |sT>TTq
n$, <s\T, sT<>+ e\, =~ d+\H +~sq
|C<sD, |\T&, |w\T eTdus+ bs+uyT+~.
>TsY n$, n~ <s\T, sT<>+ deTd\| qe

yeTT\|* y+{eTjT
sD <eT+qT $<sT\T bs+_+#sT. B jT|wt
HsjTDY eT<T *|, |P] dVjT dVs\T n+~+#&T.
<eT+ 1973 &X+sT qT+& 1974 e] es |<
mTq k+~. sw |uT s<T #j\H &e+& <eT
eT+ eTT+<T e+~. eTTKeT+ eTH ujYT |f\T
sJHe #j* e+~. sw+ sw| b\q e+~.
1975 pH ]q m +>dT b z& bsTT+~.
q b L$T n~s e+~. >TsY <eT d] ,
;VsT # d+|Ts d$T <sq $<sT\ <eT+
1974 e], @| H\ |< mTq k+~. <eT+
jT|wt HsjTDY bZH&T. 1974 @| b{ ]q
du d+|Ps $|e+ C.|. |\T| sTT#&T. <eT+
bZqe\d+~> $<sT\ T, jTTe\T, s T \T, ]\T, ~s
|\ |\T| sTT#&T. ;VsT sw |uT s<T #j\H
&e+&qT +<+ y~+#<T. <e\ |ue+ <X
y|+> |\| \+> |&+~.
1975 yT H\ uqdT Z+|, ~s deTd\ k<q
<X y|+> #]yTq s ]\ dyT ]+~.
dyT <<| 20 \\ eT+~ ]\T bZHsT. y~
eT+~ ]\qT nsdT #XsT. y] T+u\ eT+ ,
$<TY +< #XsT. e] y] ss qT+& \e++>
U #sTT+#sT. 1974 d+H n\ us dyT\T 8
]>sTT. @&~H sjT n+X\| 164 dyT\T
]>sTT. > T sY , ;V s T < e\| H , s | C
<e\|H, s ]\ dyT|H bddT s+<+ neT\T
]+~. n+ # eTT+<T qT+& eTTK+> l+,
><e] jT, <X+ sTTs b+\ $|y <eT+|H ,
$|esT\|H bddT s+<+ neT\T sT>TH e+~.
$|e sT\qT neT+> nsdT# d , V +d\T |&+ , | &T
dT\T, e] dT\T, | mH+s |] V\T
#jT&+ k<sDyT+~. $<+> |C <e\ y\Te, M{
=qk+| u>+> eTT+<T eq +~s >+B jT+.|.>
m #\< n\Vu<T VsT, dT|+ sT rsT\T <X+
meTs |qH u$T b|~> |#XsTT.

|\ b<$T V\T, bs d#\| jTT<+

<X+ n+sZ \+ e\ us< X u < |e<+
|&+ ~ n meTs | q sD+> +~s >+B |s=q~.

26q <jT+ meTs |q y< ]q _H{

deyX+ 15 $Tc eTTd+~. +s+ meTs |q
<s sC+>+ |\ *+q b<$T V\
s<jsTT. b<$T V\ =s sT y V L&
s<sTT+~. sY.jTdt.jTdt, esTT k+ +{ eT d+d\
qT+& $|e d+d\ es w~+#T ]+~. MT&j| |P]
ksTT dHsY w|t $~+, bdT\ n|+#T ]+~.
|uT es+> ys\T w~+#&sTT. me]HH,
m|&H, m&H @ sD+ #|+&H nsdT #d, C
s+~+#T ]+~. jT|wt HsjTD dV, ||
HjTq yCbjYT, n<\ qT+& $|y_eqT\ es
+s+ u< #+ (MTk) +<, <X sD +<q\
+< nsdT #d, C s+~+#T ]+~. MTk, <X sD
+< q \ + < 1,10,806 eT+~ n s d T # j T & y ,
s+~+#y ]+< meTs ]q <Ts>\qT
$#]+#T @ssq c MTwqT |s=q~. nsdT nsTTq
y] <<| 30 eT+~ jT+.|.\THsT. C s+~+q
ys, bdT +|\T, d +|\ y~ eT+~
s+~+#sT. <X+ yTT+ 1,50,000 eT+~ |>
s+~+#y, C |&y ]qT $$< |]o\q\T
*jT#dT H sTT. nsdT #dq $|e sT\qT V +d\T |&+ ,
e] | mH+s |s * yjT&+ k<sDyT+~.
d| (m+`m) b sw HjTq yT& \+ seT#+<jT ,
|&jTdtjTT HjT&q yT& +b\ #+<XKsY |k<qT
$jTy& |T=, \+<T n&eq, sw s<]
|. seTqsjT, eTs eTT>T]Z V <su< nsdT #d, es+>
bU\ =>&+ <>Zs mH+sY |s * #+bsT.
s& $<] d+|T HjTq ds|H HsH, eTs
eTT>TZ] |T yT< ssTT |* * #+bsT.
s#sTT, q{ nsTTq dV\ s& y< |s\T L&
s]+q+<Tq ds q y< + n+< C H eTsD+ +~. s
sH nH +]+> T $<] bd T \ V +d \
#bj&T. |Tq meTs mydq s y\T>T
e+~. H&T nsdT ys | q&$e. d| (m+`m)
q&y d sw HjT&q yT& yeTT\|* y+{eTjTqT
nsdT #d, $$< bdT dwqT |, 5 H\\ 20 sE\T
@+ d\T s+~+#sT. +~s bddT s+<
$|esT\T me> >TsjsT. d{> #b\+f, sC+>
<+>H, #<+>H |\ b<$T V\T, bs d#\T
s<jsTT.
meTs d| |P]> \|]+~. $Huuy meTs
nqTXdq |s+> |s= \|]#&T. k$jT{ sc B
\|], $Ty<T\ <> yU++~. q<
L$T (b +>dT, qd+|tT, usrjT <, kw*dT
b), n<, &jT+, d|jT+, $$< eT d+d\T, $|e
d+d\T re+> es+#sTT. k+ deTsj<T\T sdq
* j T # d q +< T y] C \ T |{ s T . + > d T H
jT+>sY\T> |\Te&TTq #+<XKsY, w+Y, yVH
<]j, syT<H , ~sT \T meTs es+#sT. +&jT H
m|dt, ~ d{yTH +{ |\T $TqV <<| yTT+
MT&j +~s <kV+ nsTT+~. meTs |qqT
$#]+q dT|+ sT &$qT u+#Y 5 >T] V#Y.sY. KH
s $u~+#sT.

bsyT+ |CkeT+ ` bd+

bsyT+ |CkeT+, bd+ s+& { <T.
s+&+{ eT< >TDyTq & e+~. esZ de+
|\+<] yTq, deqyTq |CkeT+ e+&<T. esZ
de+ ~| esZ jT+yT e+T+~. bsyT+
|CkeTeT+f, sTy |CkeTyT. nq>, sTy esZ+
` |T&< esZ |CkeT+ |\T ` ]\T, s \T,
sTTs XeT Je\T, eT<s> |\ yTq |CkeT+
e+&<T. e\+ +#qbjTyTq |CkeT+ eyT
e+T+~. |\T eT V\T, d#\T J$+q,
#sDq nqTu$+#{ |PqTq|&T nH |]$TT\T
$~dT+~. s+<+ <s nD ydT+~. |C bs{\|H,
$|y<eT+ |H Ls s+< neT\T #dT+~. meTs

d+|{: 1 d+ : 22

ysTTdt |t q&yd

+{ bd+ neT\T ]> deTjT+ b<$ T V\| <&,

s +< + | \ L , | C < e\ L $| y < e\|
eyT, ||\L, b\ b _H_bjT+ eq
y] L& $d] dT+ ~. |\ nH |]$TT\ eq b<$ T
V\T, d#\ T |P]> sT. Vs+>+> |C <e\T
]+# neX+ e+&<T . deTjT+ |\ V\T, d#\
sD , M{ |qsT<s D deTdH |< q se +> eTT+<T edT+ ~.
bddT s+< >TseTq || sjT b\ *d
|#j*q eX @s&TT+~. n|&T b<$T V\T,
d#\T, bsyT+ |CkeT+ |qsT<sD, sD |<q
se+ neT+~.

<X |Ck$T #] z N{ n<jT+

+~s >+B $~+q +s+ meTs 26 pH
1975 qT+& 1977 e] 21 es ` 21 H\\T =qk+~.
yde+> meTs bsyT+T m\T |{+q 18 qe]
1977 es 19 H\\T neT\T ]+~. meTs n~sjT T+>
21 e] 1977q |d+ V]+#T ]+~. meTs =qkq
\+ us bsy T + |CkeT+ #] z N{ n<jT+.
|\T, ||\T, s#sTT\T, e\T, sT\T es
bsV\ HjT\qT L& C , bddT s+<
neT\T #d+~. |Cke eT\d+u\T> #|&TTq
#du\T (bsyT+T), |uT jT++>+, HjT eed,
MT&j \| <&#d , +> BdT+~. c + > e+&*q
y{, +~s >+B n+yTq < \$> M{
e] yd+~. sC+> sTTc s+> de]+#sT. dT|+
sT HjT dMT #d n~s s<T #XsT. <X<&T,
|< , >essT\qT y] |<M \+ $Tq dT\T | +&
sC+> de]+#sT. bsyT+T, sc\ nd+; m*
ysTT< yXsT.
T+ jT+D Xd \ L& d# +&
\e+q, s+<+ <s #jT T |PqT+~. +~s >+B
=&T d+jT >+B < sq sTT$ ]>sTT. +~s qjTT&T
sC+>s X> es&T. \e++> e\d\T y[q y],
e] |[ jTTe\, eje<T\ L& T+
jT+D |swqT #sTT+#sT. eTT>TZsT |\\T+& |swH
#sTT+#T <>T\| skH w<+ |{sT eT< |<X
eT+{ ds|s +<T #XsT |swqT #sTT+#T
b<jTT\ s |<X J\qT ;VsT s wH dsT \q
| yXsT. eTT+usTT K] _#>q $&|< T . |X
e\ eT+<> rdT [ |s wqT #sTT+#sT. VsH Tb
u~]+ #sTT+#sT. eTTd+\T me>eq >eT+
|s wqT #sTT+#Tb, u+T\T ykeT u~]+#sT. $<TY
|ks\T *|yXsT. &$+>T dqT ]qe #jT{
L& |swqT #sTT+#Tq |+ #b\H +<q |{sT.
$<+> T+ jT+D |swqT 1975 27 \\T
s>>, 1976`77 8.3 \\T, yTT+ { 10 \\T
]qT> n~] *jT#dTHsTT.
|D \ dT+<sD |] eTT]y&\ q T TsT
|{ L\>={, |\qT ]$T yXsT. M{ & TsYeH
>T e< ]q |Tq n+ eTTKyTq~. L\>={q
d+<s+ |\T s>&>, \T\T d+ ]bsT.
meTs <Ts>\qT | |T, |\qT eTu
|T 20 n+X\ se +~s >+B |{++~.
meTs es+> eT eT |<T n s>T\
|\T, || b\T, d+d\ T, |Ck$T yT<e\T bs&sT.
1977 qe] 18q bsyT+T m\T |{+, ||
HjT\q, ss\q $&T<\ #jTT ]+~. nsTT,
$|e sT\qT e+ $&T<\ #jT <T . es 1977 e]
bsyT+T ]q m |\T +>dT b T>
z&+#sT. +~s >+B, yT qjTT&T d+jYT >+B L&
z&+#sT.

y+{&TTq meTs *&\T

|dT+ qs+< y& HjTq ;C| <sq jT@
|uT + +<+ n~s+ e+~. <X+ b+eq meTs
|e< ;C| djTsY HjT&q jT. . n< uV+>
|{ + #&T. ~ L& <X+ |< #s <]rd+~. meTs
|e< d| (m+`m) q&yd +< $T{ q
|q sTT |s=, sy\qT s++~.
<X |C+| y& |uT + kdTq nDy b\q
meTs sE\qT | dTq~. <X, $<X\ s=s{
+|\ y& |uT+ }&>+ #d n esZ\

16.7.2015 qT+& 31.7.2015 es

|C+| q <& re+ #d+~. eT+ d+k>

k+|<j\+{ T+> =Tq~. < u>+>
udsD #{ ]HH <s e]yd+~. ] |jH
\qT <rd $<+> ] #{\ nH esT\T #d+~.
e #b\+f, n eqsT\qT VQC +|\
u&, |{ e> eq ]\ yH\qT eT]+
~+#& n |jT\qT #d e+~.
~XH |uT+ +< ksTT $$< d+d\+{
sT|j>yTq$> #dTq~. bsyT+ |<T\+{ |q
|&TTq~. nTq HjT $u>\{|q nesTTw d+
|jTdTq~. <& eT yTH\|, eTTK+> eTTd+
yTH\|q #d <&T\ C&dTq~. eT+H <X+
$$< b+\ eTTd+\| <&T\T sT>T eHsTT. y
dT\ <+d+ #jT&T eHsTT. y] bsH\j\T
L*yjT&TTHsTT. sY.mdt.mdt, _.C.|.\T sV
<&T\qT <X+ $$< b+\ dMT]+#&+ <s eT
b|~> |\qT $u+#\ |jTdTq~. s+>
eT yTH\qT eT\ Hf |jT+ #dTq~. $<
d++< $wj, #] s#q, #] |]X<q
V+<eT uy\qT #=|+# |jT\qT #dTq~. n~
d+U\T (yTC) nqT]+# V\qT CrjT V\T>
|{dTq~. n< $<+> nTq $< d+d, #]
|]X<H d+d, k+d d+d sY.mdt.mdt.
| b~+q y] $u >~ | T \T> # s T T q~. B
=qk+|> #] d++~+q = $wj \qT e] +,
m+| #dT= y] eT #q\q, $dsDy<
mC+&q <X |\| sT<\ |jTdTHsT.....
.....H&T y& kdTq b\H ~X meTs $~+#
\D\qT e]dT+< nH eT+~ sjT HjT\T,
$Xw \T $Xw d T H sT. H{ |]De\T d+<V +> <H
<M]dTHsTT......
eq |]dT y& |uT+ kdTq s+X
$< H\qT e s d < e\qT re| s # * e+~.
|\+<] dMT]+#* e+~. bs d# d+, |CkeT
V\ d+ k> <e\qT \|s#* e+~. bs& |\
V\ d+ <$T+#* e+~. eT yTH\|q, yTH
CrjTT\|q y& |uT+ kdTq <&T\qT re+>
es+#* e+~.
..... H{ |]d eTTKyTq <sDT\T H&T L&
|dT+> |dTHsTT.

|\ #q+, n|eT |\ V\ >s+{

q b n~s+ eq|&T, <X+ +s+
meTs |q = T ~yTq esT\T ` eT+ esZ
y<+ |d], bsyT+T duT\T Vsq y] 2/3
e+T y< neds+, n+sZ n\&T\T kq+
kjTT< sT>TuT sC+>+ #dq |{, meTs |e<+
<X |\qT y+{&TH e+~.
H&T +~sjT +&j, +&jjT +~s> uq
k+~. H&T y&jT +&j nq+> |#s VAsT k>T
e+~. H&T +~s bq, |uT+q ~|+
k~++~. H&T _.C.|.q +< |uT+q y&
@#~|+ k>T+~. |uT+ y& |, $T*q
eT+T\T HeTe+. bsy T + |CkeT k+|<j\qT
\sd, ]Hq T\ s+ H&, H& =qk>T+~. u dsD
#+ ]HqT 3 ksT #sT. +~s >+B ]d,
bs+X\T H&T |yX |>, $< csTsDL, #]
eT <D+ qT+& es D L H&T y& dssT |PqTe&+
k>T+~. MT&j <T]j>+ H&, H& =qk>T+~.
]esZ V\| <& H&, H& =qk>T+~. n~ <s \ ,
sT<>+, n$ H&, H& =qk>TTHsTT. n~s
<T]j>+, s+X b&\ T, H& H& =qk>TTHsTT.
n|&, sTT|& |\ d+e b<q Z, n_e~
>T]+# |#s VAsT k>T e+~. sj\ $\Te\,
H, |CkeT+ n++ >TZ n$ |sT>T+~.
sj\T HsdeTjT+, +uD\ eTjT+ neTHsTT.
d<+\, $\Te\ +&, n~syT |see~> @
bH mesH yTHsT. |T&, < MT&j
sj\qT Xd+# ksTT #sT+~. |T&, &T
d+#T\L eTTK+> s=s{ X \ L sTy sjT b\T
<kV + n+THsTT. ke , k+d s + >\
s+X + syT\T n++ L |sT>T+~. ||+ NsD ,

|J : 7

|#TsD d\+ : KeT+

<sy< $<H\T, V+< eT+ s+& C&T> *d,

|Cke +>BdTHsTT. b\esZ b q |jH\
d+ n~s jT++>, bdT, HjT eed\q
$j+#Te&+ |sT>T+~. qqT es+# y] |>
es\T, C es\T> +~s eTT<\T yjT>, y&
n_e~ es\T> dTH&T. +<+ y&
|uTyT+& sc\ n~s+ eq {sYjTdt, {&|,
m&jT+, DeT +>dT |uT\T L& +<+
n&T>TC&H q&Td, s+X $<H\T nqTd]dTHsTT.
\+>D sw+ $sTBH, ~sT\qT es+> C\T qT+&
rdTe, <jT+ q>eT <>Zs eT >y<T\ |]
| mH+s * #+bsT. +<|<X ms#+<q+
L\qT |T Xc#\+ =+& | mH+s *
#+bsT. $ |uT\, |\ V\ m&\ eq >sy,,
bddT duy *jT#dT H sTT. bs de+ ]| , s+
bdJsD &&T+~.
n+{ $T+, |\ k+d yqTuTq+
me> e+~. |Ck$T #q+ sTT|{ # e>H
e+~. |P& d+d jT+> e+~. n+<Te\H n$,
ybseTjTyTq, Hsd |P]yTq, $\Te\T |qyTq ~X>
sj\T k>TTHsTT. $|y<e\|, C|syTq
<e\|, |Ck$TyTq <e\T, |\ +<q\|
re s+<+, e] | mH+s V\T jT<#>
k>TTq|{, |\|, bs de d+<q\T q+> e.
V\qT, d#\qT s+ \sd, meTs +{ |]d
e{ u$T>q, eTTKyTq eqsT>q |#dTHsTT.
s VsT bddT b\q |\ b<$ T V\|
d#\| sT>TTq <&, s+<\ m&\ ]|, sd,
|{+#T <sD yTT+ |\| bd+ <& &&+~.
s |eTTK s#s TT e]H yTT\sY sdq neT\yTq $
+~s meTs, H&T +<+ dV $$< sc\ <|&
b\esZ b\T nqTd]dTq n|Ck$T, s+X #s\qT
es+, | ={*q sy V#]> #>
d]bT+~.
y yTT< eTdT\ d+ e#sT.
HqT eTdT <T { HqT e{&<T.
s y jT<T\T d+ e#sT.
HqT jT<TD <T { m<TsT #|<T.
s ] HjT\ d+ e#sT.
HqT ] HjTD <T { @MT e{&<T.
eT ysT <*\ d+ e#sT.
HqT bfd+TqT { @MT e{&<T.
y es> H d+ e#sT.
n|{ H d+ e{&{ eTses $T>\<T.
` e]H yTT\sY
de+ @ s> |\| m& s+< s+
|j+H < es+#*q u<, |\qT n|eT+
#d #q+ *+#*q u< |\ b<$T V\q,
d#\q, bsyT+ |Ck$T k+|<j\qT ++#
sjT b\T, d+d\ T, X \ T n+{|H , bs de+
n s>T\ |\|H, |+> |Ck$T yT<e\+<]
|H e+~. |\ #q+, s+s n|eT, |\
bsV\L, d#\L >s+{.

+>&+ +& d\ bs+

Hs+ eT+&\+ +>&+ ysT ds q+sY 81/
20 ms\ |uT u$T +& d\T |<\
|+|D #d | ]+ y\ >+ qT+& syq
n~sT\ $q |\T deT]dTH |*+ bsTT+~.
>+ bs&q |*+> < dsq+sY 150 eT+~
+& d\T k~+#Te&+ ]+~. $T> 150 eT+~
d\T #|+& C|+ #dTHsT. Cb sdq>
~ 1.7.2015q 150 eT+~ |<\T b <s+ 80/1
ds q+sY 20 ms\ u$T $T+#T= T|\T
k| #dTHsT. eT+ bsdT n~sT\T yTT\T
|& e#sT. |\ qT #d yqT~]>sT. |<\
qT<+ @m+mdt n<&T q+~ seTjT
e{&sT. seTjT e{&T |{ H |uT n~sT\T
d+~+ |<\+<] +& d\T {sTT+#\ &e+&
#XsT. seT+ @m+mdt eT+&\ s<] |.
u|, n<\T <s+>T\ m\jT, dVjT s<] sV+,
eTwt, ~sT\T bZHsT.

d+|{: 1 d+ : 22

ysTTdt |t q&yd

16.7.2015 qT+& 31.7.2015 es

|J : 8

|#TsD d\+ : KeT+

<Xs~ s+>#sT\ kV J$jq+

(> d+ sTysTT)

qe\ s q|<+ qe\. bdT #s ]q

H{ qT+ dTesT sy d+es\ +<|<X #]qT
s+>#s qe\ r]+#sT. \+>D s+> bs+
HTsT fs eTT bsTT+~. eTdT b #~] bsTT+~.
q\ l\T s>&HsTT. kV s+>+ d.
~>+sT\T ~\T |{ $<+d+ d+ |\T|#sT.
nsd+ \+ #*+< $sk k|+#sT. H|<q+
s+>#s q qe s#q edTe> rdTHsT. C+
s+X b\q sCs <Ts+\T, qss | sd T q sD \
n\T, |\ ||Tq\T. u<H<eT < eMTw.
m\T. eTdT\ $j\T. n|j\T. kjTT< <
|#dq d\T (dsd) neT> e]be+. neT <sH\
d+ L\T f H\T. ne ydeT | yk\T
sd s|{ kjTT< bsMsT\T. kjTT< bs $seTD #d,
dVjTT& eTT Msu<+ +{ eJ\T.
yT\yT\> |T&< $<q+ ~> n&T>T dTq
u keT de+. esT\ >TssTTq |r\T> d\ D.
nHj ne es+> eTs kjTT< bs{
d+d<T\jT =s+ qe\ |dT+~. sy @ dTBs
\+ \T>T<X+ eq esT\qT s+>#s qs+
#dTq rsT rsD #k&T qe\.
\s <e, y<T>T|P\T, s+&T qe\\T 1948 H{
esq de D |PqT+f q|<+ 1968 < eq
|]dT* r]+#& |PqT+T+~.
qe\ \+{qT n|{ yesD+, |]dT\
rsD e\ \yTq b\ $se+ s><T. HjT\T
{ e{&sT. n{ nsyT bT+~ m<T{ y]. \yTq
|CkeT uy\ |r> d b eTq eTT+<Ts<T.
s+>#s Ws+> CH, MTsY kH nUqH eT+&
|& sT. $jTq>s sE w <esjT\T, Tuc n+f
w| & sT. rjTT\qT d<_ bjT+ <T . n> yTT+ MT<
#d V+<eT+ nH~ W<s+ \<+{sT. (sCs
b\Td)
q eed|q |+ > e\|q <H s+>#s
q qe\ n~sT\qT |\T me> <w+qT #|sT.
e\ T L& y<T>T|P\T qe\ qss | sd T &T dsT
|\ # ##|&T |&*+<q |X|
|&&T. y<T>T|P\ Vo<sTqT #+|d q|<+
sD #+|ksT. \s<e qe\ sD+ +f <=s
qjTeT|k&T. <=s qsY #k&T.
qe\ +<T sj\qTHsT n+f sqTq
\+ C+ qyT s+X, Ls q+ eT]bjT
neX+ e+T+<, C+ >=| b\&T> ]+ |& neX+
se#T { u$ws\ yde #]qT >TsT #jT&
qe s#q |PqTHq+{sT <Xs~ s+>#s. T#
s#j\T @yTH #jTe#H |e< d]>H |d{sT
s+>#s. | \+>D e<eT+. dsY n~s+ d+
H]|q sj\qT #d s+>#s m+ d]> eHs
nseTT+~.
1971 sdq ejT\sT H{ V<su<T q>s
|]d e]dT+~. >e\ qT+ eq |< |\T q>s
e >T&d\T ydT+{sT. n|&T u$T $\Te <T. |]>
ybs d+d u$T $\Te |], >T&d\Tq u$T
kH nH, nqT q |s #dT+{sT. >T&dydT* u$T
q~ { ssTT eT+{&T. >T&dydT\T sTTksT . (yTq
< >T&dydT\T bs{H|, &T\T rdT e~*
bsT. s+>#s eTT eTT+<T* q&|q bs+ |\T
yq >Z{ #d u< |&sT.) J$+ ]q
$c< < sT . >T&d ydT\T $jT+ b+~qT sjT&+
e\ XeV < w * +#s T . > T & dyd T \ < T s s
J$\uT +<T +{s ne\T, edH\T,
<qe+T\ $k\T, de\ |sT nejT d\qT yd+
#jT{\T, nH se\ \jq q>s+ VA,
N{ + eTq eTT+<T \TdT+ ~. n qe\H +<T
k e+T+~. C+ \+ H{ y{#], bdT eed
+ eq yH qe\ ]sT #d+~.

(1928`2015)
\+H (1971)H
sdq eTs qe\ sqTq~ @~
+? HdTq deT de+
ed de+ m e+T+< #|q
qe\. |Hd <sD k> qe\
~. Xd j T kw * + < T .
+< T }V kw * +
|ue+ e+T+~. n|{ +~s
>+B k\T |>o\ #s\
yT<e\T >Tsq u+ qe\
eTq eTT+<T+#TT+~.
1975 <X eT+ n+< s+ eTT bsTT+~. eT&
+< kw*+ ~X> n&T>T\T bs+uyTHjT <=
|>o\yTq eTT+<&T>T n k\T |>o\ esZ u$+q
<X n~. 75 meTs, 1977 +~s |&bsTT+~. q
|uT+ n~s+ e+~. d++~+q <qT
e+> ` >eT $eTT >T]+ nK+& B|+ nH |sT
XyD d+ H+ sXsT s+>#s. 1977 q
|uT+ e# ~+| s|+ H+ |ksyT+~. n<
Hbe nH qe s|+ #Tsd 1978
n#+~.
k++ e eT&T <Xu\eTH k++
e+< \Te >e\T. yquTq+. + =\>
ukeT ned\T, eed\ n+s q+ +{ >MTD
|]dT\ qe\ r]+#sT. |+ qT+ {#sT>
>e eq be >eT+ N{ =\+#+<T
d<e TeT+~. {#s T <X+ u>T d+ |\\ bs\T #b\,

VeTC\
|\qT #q+ #j\ qe\ #|T+~. s bsX\\
<s |* $Cqe+T* #jT+, eT<bq+ e+#+
+{$+<T e+{sTT. \eT u<\T |q |{ deTqjT
<w eTqTw\qT |$T+# y< |+&T&T >H<Xd, }]
>T|{ |T q qj u k$T ejT es+> be
deT]k&T. y<T>T|P\ H +<Tq ejT >H<
Xd eT++\T e# ujT|&&T.
b\ e sZ \ T eT+ + \qT L & | \qT
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||+# y|+>H H&VA n|+#T ]q
<qkeT+ (|T&< $<q+) >T |T&< $<q+>
e]+~. < nTq <X nsTTq key< <X #sT =+~.
esT 1906 b+\ ]bsTT+< H. usrjT
|T&< $<q+ |>o\ sTTq ke |T&
##jT\ +< n_e~ nsTT+~. key<
|T&> <ojT, CrjT |T&> $|e s b eV+#e.
k+|T $|e+ <T. k+|T d+dsD. nB | esZ\
nbjTs+> |<. sc *s sTy esZ
>T]+ #|P B 1789 bqT <T 1848 s <seT
n+{&T H. 1789 |e<\ esZ+. 1848 n+{~ <T.
1789 $|e+ sTy |Ck$T $|y eTT+<T rdT=
bsTT+~. 1848 =+ es |jT ++~. yH, ]jH
HXq+ #jT <T . *s sTy HjTH q&+~. 1848
|\ $jT+ n+f >> eD+~. m{ swH *s
sTy esZ+ 1848 nqTd]++<, n{H us sTy
esZ+ $|y s<T. |]dT\qT #\s#{, XVq+
#jT& #d+~. n~ $jTe+yTq $|y s<T.
$jTe++ $|y ]+~. (Not victorious revolution,

e+ TuT<s\T b |&bTHsTT.
eTq+ H Vs <H\T m& qT+& ekjT
$<sT\qT n& |]XeT\ qT+& ekjT+{sT
sT #eT qT+& ekjTq d |]CH
$<sT\ n+~+# bTq~. H{ $< $<q+
nHsT. +| jTe u\T sb
#T |+ u\T >&ksT. sT\ qw+
ed V XsD+. n+<T sT #dq
eekjT T\ ys <s ssTT+# n~s+ sy\
#+<esY nHsT. qTH yTsT>q Jeq+ d+ dsq
TuT <s\ d+ +> e<$T+#sT.
d<d T q&y d sw HjT\T .. s+#+<s,Y
s<] m+. w, @m+mdt n< s<sT\T
dV#Y. s+#+<sY, _. seTT, |P sw |<q s<] .
ds+, @m+mdt b<\T d+, dVjT s<]
Vq+T, b\qsT n<jTq y~ qsY m+.
s|Ty#], |P n<\T d. y+fwt, ~sT\T
|d++#sT. q\TeT\\ qT+& eq 350 eT+~ sT
|<T\ ]q d<dT s+> ]+~.
but an un successful revolution) n~ key<, |P&
nDyqT HjT<+>H, dVyTq <>H, dV+#
<+<>H #d+~. $T ysT<+>H #d+<q e.
$|y nHjTyTq <> u$++~. +{ sTy esZ
>T]+# H m+ ndVsyTq <d+! m+ #yTq $|e
$<V+! n >T+&\T u<T+{&T. + # #b&T.
eTq <X sTy esZ+ < k<sT&. H nq eTs e
& #|+& e+&eTT. | sTy ueC\ y
]f yb] H * e+{&T. n&T |r|T X*
HXq+ #j \qT&T. bdT ks+ T HXq+ #j \qT&T.
y& \+#$T |+#T+{&T. #T* &b\qT+{&T.
usks\ <s | # uTy\qT+{&T. d]>Z
us sTy esZ+, < sjT |~ nsTTq >+B
seTyT sV+#&T. $wj H 1925 k*H #b&T.
us eTdT b, us sTy esZ |~ nsTTq
+>dT |P] eTsk] |P] es\ qT |<] ++~.
eTdT b >+B d]> ns+ #dT bsTT+~. HH
e]dT <sD nqTd]++~. f n~ @< ksTT ]q
k+d < e d ] > > & T # j T bsTT+~.
Crj<eT+H \Vq+>H eq sJ bs esZ
q q+ #dT= Crj<eT d+dsD y< $|e es

X+sY 25e es+ du

|&m dtjT T sw HjT&T X+sY 25e es+
du sT eT+&\+ =\qTb b >eT $T{ s<]
] y+fX n<q E 2q Vd e< ]+~.
eTT+<T> >eT+ 150 eT+~ |<s q ]+~. nq+s+
qq+> ]+q +& ~yT| ] y+fwt +&qT
m>TsyX &T. du neTsMsT&T X+sY |{
|P\e\\T yd |Tq+> y\]+#sT. d+<s+>
b , &$H s<sT\T &$& esY, HsH\T
e{&T X+sY qq+ qT+# $|e sj\qT
n\esT= qq eed sD+ d+ s+s+ bs+
eTT+<THs nHsT. jTq |T<\L, sD, eT
D \Te<+ nHsT.
+ du esY, d, n, lqT, lqT,
HeTT\T, udsY, $+, bX{, >b, jLu, jTXb,
sT D, sjT, lqT, u qsjT, nsTT esjT, m\jT ,
dT>TDeT, dT<sH, syTwt, \T, ~sT\T bZHsT.
sTy |ejT+ bsTT+~. n< sjT kV
k+d s+> ||*++~. Xs #+< $<k>sY,
XsY, |+#+<, qE +{ y sJ bs esZ
yTq d\sY |C+ eqe <e e\T sT\
#T |&+ $jTe++ <T. f >+By< ueT\
qT+ <Xs~ s+>#sT\T. eTV<s, =+ es e{
+{ yS jT |& bjsT. >+B es+Z eT$\Te\
sJ|&q sTy eqey<+. < kV+ |~
< y + < T & T . n< s s s T y es Z + s+
dTdseTeTq eT+ d+|<jTy<+> eTT+<T e+~.
n~ > \yT yT\T e#T \eTT +fH n <Xs~ s|+
#| q ~. yTq |C+ y< s#s TT\T $<k>s,Y qE,
XsY, |+#+<, eTq ll\ esZ+ bqT $eTs >T]
#ksT. <Xs~ >TsC& +<TLsT\T L& eTqd]>
q#<T. B sD+ >+B eqe y<yT. < \+
#*+~. |& |{*+~ X$TesZ eqey<+. <
\$T# deTso\ eqe y< esZ+.
<Xs~ s+>#s <eTo\ kV, < $Ty<
<sDT\T+ =\+ eTT+<T rdTby*. jTq
X$TesZ <w eTq+ eT]+ dT+ #dTy*. jTq
yqT #| <T eTq y*+~ eTT+<T #|.

d+|{: 1 d+ : 22

ysTTdt |t q&yd

16.7.2015 qT+& 31.7.2015 es

|J : 11

|#TsD d\+ : KeT+

meTs & d+<s+> sw y| du\T

+~s >+B 1975 pH 25e ~ nss 12 >+\ neds |]d $~+ N{ b\q s |+~. \~ eT+~ C\T b\T
#d+~. HsT yT~|H, \T yT~|H nsdT\ |s+ k+~. ||\T, MT&j d+ s+< >TsjsTT. |CkeT+, y++
eT>eTjsTT. H&T +<+ n~s+ eq ;C| b\\T L& meTs b\q y| n&T>TdTHsT. n+<T meTs b\q q\u
@ +&q d+<s+> du\, deyX\ sb*+~> +< $T{ |\T|+~. n+<T u>+> ]q se\ d+| ]bsT.
meTs |{+#sHsT. VsT rsTqT, dT|+ sT pH 24q d #T nss
+q>sY
><e]K |P s\jT+ q&yd &$H s<] m. y+q n<q
meTs es+> du ]+~. du eTTKe> eq q&yd sw s<] esZ
duT\T C.$. #\|se e{&T pH 25, 1975 nss +~s >+B |uT+ neds
|]d $~+ 2 qT+& 3 \\ eT+~ nsdT #d 18 H\\bT C |{sHsT. |
|\qT MT&j |<T\qT d+ $& |+& s+<+ =qk+#sHsT. H&T |uT
| T\qT m~]+q $<sT\ qT d + V #dq <TXs\qT H{ |\T eT]bsH sT.
|uT b\\T nqTd]dTq |uT <eTq +& es+> +> <$T+ |=e*q
nedseTT+<, < d+ bs{\ d<+ y\ ssT.

neds |]d <X*e&+ <sTDeTHsT.

sa, eJ |b u> e +Y s &\ T e{&T H&T n|{ + > meTs =qkdTH
sHsT. Xc#\+ mH+sY, sT mH+sT B <sqeTHsT. +<, \+>D b\
esZ\T |P]> s+X+> eeV]dTHjTHsT. y |Tq sC+>, #< V*
neT\T #jT+& \sdTq #]\T eTq eTT+< eHjTHsT. n+<TH jT+,
s+X es+> bs&\, |CkeT |jT u\T yj\ |\T|#sT.
du mdt.m. |<, nsTD, VHX, C.m. >+, nX, sDY, ~sT\T bZHsT.

~u<
d| (m+`m) q&yd +< $T{ |\T| yTs eT+s\ esY ueH 75
eT+~ sdq du ]+~. b &$H s<] m. esY n<q du ]+~.
du b s<] {. lydt, |P CrjT n<\T #+< bc HjT\T
Vq+<+, Cb d+> <esE, yT\ <dT, |* lydt, m+. C\T bZHsT. {.
lydt e{&T H{ +~s |uT+ 1975 pH 25q meTs $~+ bsT\ V\qT
\sd+<HsT. <X+ |&T meTs H ;C| |uT + @| + > nqTd]dTq $<H\T
meTs \|dTHjT nHsT. bsyT+T eT+< \+ ], s+>, |C es
$<H\qT nqTd]dTq ;C| |uT $<H\| bs&\HsT.

KeT+

du q&y d HjT\T . sq, _. d+|Y esY, . qswt\T |d+ +#sT.

seT+ q&yd &$H HjT\T _. nX, . eTwt, . y+q, {. sCwt, {.
syT wt, dV#Y. X+sY bT 100 eT+~ bZHsT. duq T< + nsTD<jT sT&T T\
sq $|e >j\T \|+#sT.

Ceu<
q&yd &$H HjT\T jT+. eTTq n<q ssY pH 25e Bq d<dT
sV+#sT. ssY &$H s<] $. |usY eTTK n~> |d+d k+ us+
1975 pH 25 ~q+ N{ sE n nHsT. +~s >+B jT+ $<H\|
_H_bj\Tq ||, d| b HjT* s+~+ C |{+< jTq nHsT.
+~s >+B bddT $<H\ +b\ #+<XKsY, seTqsjT\T * #jT&s jTq
nHsT. |\ d+ eTq ssY b++ |#jT& eq esY HsjTDqT meTs
Tyd+<, y<q e+ #XsT.
d<dT q&yd HjT\T _. <es+, |P |<q s<] <dT \T
|d+ +#sT. d<d T @m+mdt HjT\T \ >+>s+, jTT. sq, |&m dtjT T HjT\T
m+. dTeTH, mdt. s$, |ym HjT\T _. wH, $. dTswt uT, |z& HjT\T . |<,
|P HjT\T . ns$+<, >eT |+#sTTr essY jTjTH HjT\T . kjTq, ~sT \T
bZHsT.
H|*: meTs es+> |P <s+ H|* pH 26q sdq |<sq
sV+#sT. |P |<q s<] <dT e{&T |\ V* \sdq +~s
>+B ysd qs+< y& =qkdTH&HsT. ;C| djTsY HjT& <X+ meTs
e# d dTq< #dq yUH\T |]o*d qs+< y& eTH< b\q bddT $<H\
neT\T |<+ |PqT nseTeT+< <dT nHsT. sdq |<sq |P $T{
duT\T dT+] lydt, |. sCXsY, .|. CH|* HjT\T \>+ sCXsY, mdt. >+><sY,
nd|t, dT<sY, |ym HjT\T udsY, HsjTD, <qT+jYT\T bZHsT.

V<su<
meTs 40 @ |Pse Tq d+<s + > pH 26q $<q>sY esYue H q&y d
+ q>s\ XK <s+ du sV+#sT. q>s s<] . sa n<q ]q du
q&yd sw s<] esZ duT\T yeTT\|* y+{eTjT, |P CrjT |<q s<]
_. |B|t, eJ || u>e+Ys&\T |d++#sT.
yeTT\|* y+{eTjT, _. |B|t\T e{&T H{ meTs esdH, H{
b\\T L& meTs b& H eHsHsT. +<+ ub qs+< y& |uT + k+d
bdC neT\T #dTHsHsT. sT\|, yTH]{\|, yTT+> |\| nDy k<q+>
b*dTHjTHsT. meTs n+fH N{ sE\T. @ ] V\T , |\q, ||\q
C +|q sE\$ nHsT. |Ck$T V\T, bsV\T s+X jT+
b\q nHsT. 1975 d+ eq ke <e\ |]cs+ #| , n~syT |se e~>

KeT+ seTqsjT $Cq +<+ meTs $~+ H{ q\ujT d+<s+>

sdq du sV+#sT. du &$H q&y d HjT\T |. lX\ + n< eV+#sT.
d+<s+> |eTTK HjTy~, |Ck$Ty~ e&* weT] e{&T 1975 pH
25q +~s >+B |uT+ neds |]d (meTs) $~+ <X C\T> e]+<HsT.
|\ |Ck$T d#qT V]+| #d+<HsT. sC |+# | e nsdT #d C
+<HsT. e+<\ eT+~ $|e H\qT, $<] HjT\qT * #+|++<HsT. d#
>\T\T M#+& +>dt, d| HjT\T $TqV @ b HjT\qT e<\<HsT.
+~s >+~ m+.|. m| rsT q & d + y~+ #sHsT. #<T C| \qT \#T
H{ b\\ rsT| bs&\HsT.
nq+s+ q&yd s<] |. s+>se e{&T H{ b\\T > b\\
$<H\ e |C V\T \sdTq yB| <$T+#\HsT. udsD #+, m|t.&.,
dC\ |] y\ ms\ |C ueTT\qT s=s{ X\ <s<+ #dTHsHsT. ]q
#{\qT d+ T+> = s=s{ ueTT\T n|+, ]qT\qT n&$ qT+& y>=f
b\\ $<H\| bs&\HsT. nq+s+ q&yd &$H HjT\T >Ts+ n#jT
e{&> |&mdtjTT, |ym, |z&T, |P HjT\T |B|t, seTD, sa, eT+>sTT,
ds|, \*, eT+< y+fXsT, sC, &. lqT, C<, s|se, ~sT\T bZHsT.
\+<T: +~s +>dt |uT+ meTs $~+ 40 d+\T nsTTq d+<s+> sdq
\T| du\, d<dT\T sV+#\ +< $T{ q |\T| yTs pH 25.6.2015q
\+<T |P s\jT+ d<d T sV+#sT. d<d T qT< + q&y d sw HjT\T
sjT\ #+<XK sY, |z& sw |< q s<] #+& nsTD |d+ +#sT. Tb\T H>Xsse
n<q ]q seT+ dTesT 70 eT+~ VsjsT.

es+>
eTVuu< 25.6.2015q meTs & q&yd <s+ ]bsT. k
n+u<sY d+sY sdq seT+ #XsT. d+<s+> q&yd HjT\T =|* s$
e{&T, > meTs #<T C|\qT $e]d H&T ;C| |uT+ L& ~X>H n&T>T\T
yk+< re+> $eT]+#sT. seT+ 25 eT+~ bZHsT.
=ssY L&* e< 25.6.2015q meTs & d+<s+> sdq seT+ #XsT.
se < + mm+mdt s<] .s$ e{&> 30 eT+~ ss\ T bZHsT.

nsdsTTq y] $&|+#Tq |\T

&+ eT+&\+ <e>&+ ysT ds q+sY 470 >+ b < s+ u bs+
#d 200 ms\ u$T k~+#Te&+ ]+~. u$T |k] $H\T yd eT+
bsdT n~sT\ s+<+ =qk>T+~. 24.6.2015q b <s+ 150 eT+~ |<\T
$H\T yjTT T|\T k| #dTH eT+ bsdT n~sT\T bdT \>\ e
$H\T yjT& M\T<, CsTT+{ ds |P] ]bsT eq+<Tq V] Vs+ yTT\T
|&eT |\ yy< ~>sT. |\T $q be&+ \e++> 10 eT+~ nsdT
#d &+ bdT dwH s*+#sT. nsdTqT sdd 150 eT+~ |<\T &+ bsdT s+
s\jT+ m<T 4 >+\ bT +<q #XsT. +<q re+ e&+ m+{ dT\T
|+& e~*|{sT. se @m+mdt b<&T eq <eq, eT+&\
@m+mdt n< \T >TE\ >q , >eT u bs HjT\T q eT\jT , X+sj
T , |<j
T \T
HjT+ eV+#sT.

VOICE OF NEW DEMOCRACY (Telugu Fortnightly)

ysTTdt |t q&yd

|J : 12

Regd.No. L/RNP/KHM-13/2015-16 RNI No.TELTEL/2014/60510

;& ]\ ysTT s\ Jeq u # s{

m+{ wsT\T, +\T +& 1000 s\ Jequ y\ sT
29.6.2015q ;& essY jTjTH # s{ |\T|+~. ~u<
._. qT+& 3000\ eT+~ |<sq, s{ eTT& seT+ ]+~.
se q\TeT\\ qT+& ;& ]\T NeT\ usT ~* e#sT.
s { b+>D+ q+ &+~. ;& ]\ eTV\T |< mTq bZq&+
$Xw+ . ;& ]\ H\ ysTT s\T Jequ sTTy\, eT deTd\T |]w]+#
es bs&eT+ ~\T |{ q~+#sT. seT+ |P sw
n<&T $. w, sw b<&T {. lydt, |P n<, s<sT\T m+&.
#+<bw, . sq, b &$H s<] q+~ seTjT, ;& d+|T+ n<\T
q, s+\ DY, >+>q, >|P sY ~sT \T bZHsT. d+<s + > $. w e{&T
m+{ wsT\T +& Jequ y\ b $T*f+{ e<e\T #keT
V#]+#sT. se 10 eT+&\ qT+& ]\T d#+<+> ~sT.

(1e |J sTysTT)
eT &e+&| q~+#sT. ~yd\, n&$
_&\, n&$ T\, |< Je\ deTdqT
||+# *jTCbsT. |<sq m+
+ ]+~. b&T ueTT\ bs
j, NeT\ <+&T Cs> ]+~.
d | (m+.m ) q& y d ,
@...m+.mdt <s+ ~yd\T, |<\T
\d # s{ es e ueTT\T
> T +Ee< # | & e#s d |
(m+.m ) q& y d sh Hj T \T
yeTT\|* y+{eTjT nHsT. nM V\
#+ |s+ 10 ms\T k>T#dT+Tq
ueTT\ C* seT nMXU eT+
C>TseTq n+T+f, nM ueTT\
V]V s+ |< + yTT\T H+& dsY
|\T| dTH &, |uT + <+< yK ]
ne\+_dT + <HsT. eTT V] Vs+ es+ < jTq
nHsT. s#=+& >TqT de js, bs+|\
n|C|THsT. ~yd\T k>TCdT+Tq ueTT\
| { * y\ d | (m+.m ) q& y d | u T
&e+&#k +~. k>T{ bC \ qT dsY |P] #jT &+ <T .
= bC\ nqTeTT*e&+ <T. bDV, #yqT
*|yX sT. X s+ e<, &+&e< = bC \ qT bs+_+#
uTHsT. = &+&, X s+ bC \ yT+ es+
<T. ks+ yTTCwH n&H\dyT dsY
eTT+<T bTH&T. e bD\T bsTTH, e
ueTT\qT e<\eT ~yd\T, |\T bs&\HsT.
sh y|+> |\ ueTT\qT bsdT y >T+E
+THsT. 2005 nM V\ #+ |s+
|{*y\ &e+& #dTH+. u$wT <e\
dsY u< eV+#\ V#]+#sT.
d|(m+) s<] bH dT<sqse |d+d,
b&T u eTT\ d+ ~yd\T TTHs, y]MT< jTT<+
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3 ms\ u$T |+#Tq y>q+ #dq dsY H&T m+<T
e{&+ < nHsT. dsY |T& <sT\ |q
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d|(m+.m)q&yd s<] |. s+>se
|d+ d, u $T qeTTq ~yd\ MT<, u $T neTTH
y <&T\T #dTHs, u$TH beTT | ueTT\T
e<T\TueT nHsT. $X$T+#+& bs& \+>D
k~ + HeTT n, q T+u 4 eT+ | < e \T
#TH&, eTs s+&T nedsyT sTT#T+&,
u eTT\T >T+Ee< nHsT. yTT\T H& yT+ es+
<, e ueTT\ yTT\T He< jTq nHsT. {d
+| 1100 ms\ u$T bsdTy sTTd, u+>TSsT
qT+& eq n~] & nqTeT sTTe&+ d]< nHsT.
z|HdT\ u$T sTTy=< ]qT\T n&T>TTHsT.
b\es+ +< s+&T \\ ms\ u$TbT+~. ~yd
>&\T eTTbTHsTT. sD d js+ >qT\T

sd#sT. +< +| H&T js+ >qT\T n|C|

THsT. n&$ HXq+ bs dT n~sT\ e\q ]+< nHsT.
~yd\qT u u<sT\q&+ d>T Z #HsT. bDH sTTk+
u$T e<\eT nHsT. u$T dyT sT+ jTT<+
]+~. u$TdyT b&T bs+ sT>TT+<HsT.
d| s<] u>+ VeT+se |d+d
\+>D sh+ @s&q <>Zs qT+& ujq yesD+

yH&TT+< nHsT. b&T u $T MT< <s|& q ~yd\|

bsdT y Tb* y>={\ |uT+ #dT+<
nHsT. eTT|P& V]X+< |k< msTe\ b]
ueTT*d, y{ neTTHs nHsT. ds+ HjT
]qT\qT |<sT |{dTH& nHsT. b\\ {\
|jT\qT |\T qeTe< nHsT. 10 \\ ms\
ueTT\qT |+q #] msC+& b +<, 4y\ eT+~
H{ bsT neTsTHs jTq nHsT.
d|(m+.m)q&yd HjT\T eJ Xdq
duT \T >TeT& qsjT |d+ d ~yd\ V\, J$\
If undelivered please
return to Manager

VOICE OF NEW DEMOCRACY

H.No.11-8-178/3, Lenin Nagar,
Khammam, Khammam Dist.
Telangana State,
Pincode - 507 001.
Email: voiceofnewdemocracy@gmail.com

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bsdTysT ~yd\qT y~dTq rsTqT, #{ \+|TdTq
rsTqT $e]++~.
Regd. No. L/RNP/KHM-13

BOOK-POST
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Printed, Published and Edited by P. Ranga Rao, Printed at Sri Lalitha Offset Printers, Vinod Mahal Road, Khammam.
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