The Save Our Seed Project
SEED PRODUCTION AND SAVINGFOR SMALL-SCALE PRODUCERSShort Course
Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group, 01/25/2007
Presented by Cricket Rakitacricket@savingourseed.org
O.P. VS Hybrid Varieties
•Open Pollinated varieties are bred from parents that look similar to the offspring•Hybrid (AKA F1) varieties are bred fromcrossing 2 parents that are different•Open pollinated varieties will breed true,while hybrids will produce random resultsfor many generations.
Open Pollinated Example
AA bbCCDDEeff gG
Open Pollinated Example
F1
Hybrid ExampleF1 Hybrid Example
Aa bBCcDDEefFgg
HeterozygousallelesHomozygousalleles
F2
Hybrid Example
There are 3 possible results for every F1“
heterozygous allele
”
25% AA, 25% aa, and 50% AaEach of which may have somewhat different expresion
Nightshade Flower StructureCucurbit Flower StructureBrassica Flower Bean/Pea Flower Structure
Picture copied from http://www.uq.edu.au/_School_Science_Lessons/year4.html
Small Grain(Grass) Flower Structure
P i c t ur e s c o pi e d f r om
h t t p: / / www. e s f . e d u / R e s Or g / R o o s ev el t Wi l d l i f e / r e s e ar c h / k ar n er b l u e / m o d ul e1 3 . p d f
Population Size
For Superior seed, it is important that enough plants be grownto insure genetic diversity. High quality seed can be raisedfrom fewer plants, but you will tend to decrease the qualityo•Corn requires at least 2000 plants•Brassicas require at least 500 plants•Beans and peas should have at least 60 plants, but somecultivars need fewer. This need can be assessed byobserving the variability from plant to plant•Tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, squash, cucumbers,melons, and gourds require at lest 45 plants
It is important to isolate seedcrops from other crops of thesame species to avoid unwantedcrossing.
Some cultivars need more isolationthan others
Pollinators
If you are saving seed from anything that is atall insect pollinated, it is best to encouragenatural pollinators in your garden or farmfor maximum crossing within your population. This will give you a morehealthy, genetically diverse seed stock.
Self Pollinated Plants
Barley, flax, oats, wheat, common beans, fava,lima bean, pea, runner bean, sweet peas, chicory,eggplant, endive, lettuce, okra, pepper, tomato.(Note: some of these plants may outcross at 5-20% or more depending upon presence of pollinators, temperature, humidity, plant stress,etc.- including fava, runner bean, eggplant, pepper, tomato - for absolute genetic control, treatthese plants as out-crossers and either hand- pollinate, observe minimum isolation distances, or plant only one variety at a time.)
Cross-Pollinated Plants
Amaranth, corn, rye, cilantro, fennel, mustard, parsley, alfalfa, red & white clover, asparagus, beet, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, celeriac,celery, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, kale,kohlrabi, leeks, lettuce, melon, onion, parsnip, pumpkin, radish, rutabaga, spinach, squash,sunflower, swiss chard, turnip, watermelon (Note:these plants require isolation, hand-pollination,caging, etc. for effective genetic control - plants of the same species and rarely same genius esp.cabbage, squash, and melon families willintercross readily requiring careful pollinationcontrol to maintain true-to-type seed production.
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