Factors Determining the Performance ofEarly Stage High-Technology Venture CapitalFunds – A Review of the Academic Literature
Research
March 2006
A DTI SERVICE
F
ACTORS
D
ETERMINING THE
P
ERFORMANCE OF
E
ARLY
S
TAGE
H
IGH
-T
ECHNOLOGY
V
ENTURE
C
APITAL
F
UNDS
– A Review of the Academic Literature –
Anna Söderblom Supervisor: Johan Wiklund
Stockholm School of Economics Jönköping International Business School
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this literature review is to document academic research concerning factorsinfluencing the performances of venture capital funds, as well as the venture capital fundraisingdecisions. Industry specialisation, large fund sizes, strong deal flow, syndication of investments,and especially, experience, all appear to be factors leading to superior investment performance,which is particularly well illustrated by the US venture capital industry. The review also concludesthat venture capital fund returns to a great extent depend on an early or later stage focus, and thetiming of the fundraisings. For policy makers the most significant measures, according to the findings, are to nurture a competitive local technology stock market, establish efficient legal frameworks and tax structures, and minimize labour market rigidities. Moreover, it seems like thevast majority of all venture capital returns are generated by the limited number of funds in the topquartile. Therefore, the possibility to get access to the best performing venture capital funds is probably more important than anything else in order for institutional investors to gain excessreturns. In terms of geographical differences, the UK venture capital situation appears to besomewhere half way between the US and the continental Europe.
First edition: 2005-07-06
Latest save date: 2006-02-24
1. E
XECUTIVE
S
UMMARY
.................................................................................................... 4
2. I
NTRODUCTION
................................................................................................................ 7
2.1. Background.......................................................................................................................................7
2.2. Research Purpose..............................................................................................................................8
2.3. Research Methodology......................................................................................................................9
2.4. Organisation of This Review..........................................................................................................10
3. V
ENTURE
C
APITAL
(VC) O
VERVIEW
............................................................................ 12
3.1. A Brief Description of VC..............................................................................................................12
3.2. Some Industry Data about the UK VC Market...............................................................................13
3.3. VC Performance..............................................................................................................................14
3.3.1. VC performance and success – for whom?....................................................................................14
3.3.2. How to evaluate VC returns............................................................................................................15
3.3.3. Academic studies of VC returns......................................................................................................16
3.3.4. Empirical evidence for claims that US VC outperforms EU VC ...................................................17
4. VC R
ESEARCH
S
TREAMS AND
S
COPE FOR THIS
R
EVIEW
.............................................. 19
4.1. A Brief Overview of VC Research Streams...................................................................................19
4.1.1. Academic research: Portfolio company level.................................................................................19
4.1.2. Academic research: VC firm level..................................................................................................19
4.1.3. Academic research: LP level..........................................................................................................20
4.1.4. Academic research: Market factors................................................................................................21
4.2. Scope for this Literature Review.....................................................................................................21
5. L
ITERATURE
R
EVIEW OF
VC P
ERFORMANCE
F
ACTORS
............................................... 23
5.1. Characteristics of Portfolio Companies...........................................................................................23
5.1.1. Summary: Characteristics of portfolio companies.........................................................................24
5.2. Characteristics of VC Funds...........................................................................................................25
5.2.1. Partnership structure.......................................................................................................................25
5.2.2. Specialisation...................................................................................................................................25
5.2.3. Continuous success and importance of brand ................................................................................25
5.2.4. Fundraising......................................................................................................................................26
5.2.5. Summary: Characteristics of VC funds..........................................................................................27
5.3. The Investment Process...................................................................................................................27
5.3.1. Deal generation...............................................................................................................................27
5.3.2. Due diligence and valuation...........................................................................................................28
5.3.3. Deal structuring...............................................................................................................................28
5.3.4. Syndication.......................................................................................................................................29
5.3.5. Summary: The investment process..................................................................................................31
5.4. The Management of Portfolio Companies......................................................................................32
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6.2. ASSET ALLOCATION TO PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS for Factors Determining the Performance of Early Stage High-Technology Venture Capital Funds – A Review of the Academic Literature
The purpose of this literature review is to document academic research concerning factors
influencing the performances of venture capital funds, as well as the venture capital fundraising
decisions. Industry specialisation, large fund sizes, strong deal flow,… (More)
influencing the performances of venture capital funds, as well as the venture capital fundraising
decisions. Industry specialisation, large fund sizes, strong deal flow,… (More)
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