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DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS’ PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT (INCLUDING CITATIONS)CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW
COOPER AND KIRK, PLLCCharles J. Cooper (DC Bar No. 248070)*
ccooper@cooperkirk.com
David H. Thompson (DC Bar No. 450503)*
dthompson@cooperkirk.com
Howard C. Nielson, Jr. (DC Bar No. 473018)*
hnielson@cooperkirk.com
Nicole J. Moss (DC Bar No. 472424)*
nmoss@cooperkirk.com
Peter A. Patterson (OH Bar No. 0080840)*
ppatterson@cooperkirk.com
1523 New Hampshire Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036Telephone: (202) 220-9600, Facsimile: (202) 220-9601LAW OFFICES OF ANDREW P. PUGNOAndrew P. Pugno (CA Bar No. 206587)
andrew@pugnolaw.com
101 Parkshore Drive, Suite 100, Folsom, California 95630Telephone: (916) 608-3065, Facsimile: (916) 608-3066ALLIANCE DEFENSE FUNDBrian W. Raum
(NY Bar No.
2856102)*
braum@telladf.org
James A. Campbell (OH Bar No. 0081501)*
jcampbell@telladf.org
15100 North 90th Street, Scottsdale, Arizona 85260Telephone: (480) 444-0020, Facsimile: (480) 444-0028A
TTORNEYS FOR
D
EFENDANT
-I
NTERVENORS
D
ENNIS
H
OLLINGSWORTH
,G
AIL
J.
K
NIGHT
,
M
ARTIN
F.
G
UTIERREZ
,
M
ARK
A.
J
ANSSON
,and P
ROTECT
M
ARRIAGE
.
COM
–
Y
ES ON
8,
AP
ROJECT OF
C
ALIFORNIA
R
ENEWAL
*
Admitted
pro hac vice
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTNORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
KRISTIN M. PERRY, SANDRA B. STIER, PAULT. KATAMI, and JEFFREY J. ZARRILLO,Plaintiffs,CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO,Plaintiff-Intervenor,v.ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, in his officialcapacity as Governor of California; EDMUND G.BROWN, JR., in his official capacity as AttorneyGeneral of California; MARK B. HORTON, in hisCASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW
DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS’PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT(INCLUDING CITATIONS)
Case3:09-cv-02292-VRW Document606 Filed02/26/10 Page1 of 61
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DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS’ PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT (INCLUDING CITATIONS)CASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW
official capacity as Director of the CaliforniaDepartment of Public Health and State Registrar of Vital Statistics; LINETTE SCOTT, in her officialcapacity as Deputy Director of Health Information& Strategic Planning for the California Departmentof Public Health; PATRICK O’CONNELL, in hisofficial capacity as Clerk-Recorder for the Countyof Alameda; and DEAN C. LOGAN, in his officialcapacity as Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk forthe County of Los Angeles,Defendants,andPROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTSDENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, GAIL J.KNIGHT, MARTIN F. GUTIERREZ, HAK-SHING WILLIAM TAM, and MARK A.JANSSON; and PROTECTMARRIAGE.COM –YES ON 8, A PROJECT OF CALIFORNIARENEWAL,Defendant-Intervenors. Additional Counsel for Defendant-IntervenorsALLIANCE DEFENSE FUNDTimothy Chandler (CA Bar No. 234325)
tchandler@telladf.org
101 Parkshore Drive, Suite 100, Folsom, California 95630Telephone: (916) 932-2850, Facsimile: (916) 932-2851Jordan W. Lorence (DC Bar No. 385022)*
jlorence@telladf.org
Austin R. Nimocks (TX Bar No. 24002695)*
animocks@telladf.org
801 G Street NW, Suite 509, Washington, D.C. 20001Telephone: (202) 393-8690, Facsimile: (202) 347-3622*
Admitted
pro hac vice
Case3:09-cv-02292-VRW Document606 Filed02/26/10 Page2 of 61
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DEFENDANT-INTERVENORS’ PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACTCASE NO. 09-CV-2292 VRW
Proposed Findings of Fact
1
The Institution of Marriage
1.
Marriage is a complex social institution.
See
Jan. 26, 2010 Tr. of Hr’g at 2773:4-9(Blankenhorn); Jan. 12, 2010 Tr. of Hr’g at 268:11-12 (Cott); DIX1028 at 320, Monte N.Stewart,
Marriage Facts
, 31 H
ARV
.
J.L.
&
P
UB
.
P
OL
’
Y
313 (2008).2.
Marriage forms the foundation of the family and society.
See Maynard v. Hill
, 125 U.S. 190,211 (1888);
see also
DIX63 at 44, Claude Levi-Strauss, The View From Afar (1985).3.
Marriage has its roots in pair bonding between men and women that emerged early in ourevolution as a species.
See Jan
. 26, 2010 Tr. of Hr’g at 2744:4-12 (Blankenhorn); DIX89 at45-46, P
IERRE
V
AN DEN
B
ERGHE
,
H
UMAN
F
AMILY
S
YSTEMS
(1979); DIX956 at 4, 23,
D
AVID
B
LANKENHORN
,
T
HE
F
UTURE OF
M
ARRIAGE
(2007).
4.
Every society has had some form of the institution of marriage.
See
DIX79 at 2, Robina G.Quale, A History of Marriage Systems (1988); DIX50 at 5, K
INGSLEY
D
AVIS
,
T
HE
M
EANING
&
S
IGNIFICANCE OF
M
ARRIAGE IN
C
ONTEMPORARY
S
OCIETY
(1985); DIX89 at 45; DIX63 at40, 44, L
EVI
-S
TRAUSS
,
T
HE
V
IEW
F
ROM
A
FAR
; Jan 26, 2010 Tr. of Hr’g at 2754:1-18(Blankenhorn); DIX956 at 11,
D
AVID
B
LANKENHORN
,
T
HE
F
UTURE OF
M
ARRIAGE
(2007);PX781 at 15, W
HY
M
ARRIAGE
M
ATTERS
(W.
Bradford Wilcox,
et al.
, ed. 2d ed. 2005).5.
Throughout history and across societies, marriage has always been defined, in both law andlanguage, as the union of a man and a woman.
See
DIX79 at 2, Robina Quale, A History of Marriage; DIX73 at 71, Comm. of Royal Anthropological Inst., Notes & Queries onAnthropology (1951); Jan. 26, 2010 Tr. of Hr’g at 2750:16-2751:12, 2764:14-20(Blankenhorn); DIX1032 at 140, S
AME
S
EX
M
ARRIAGE
:
P
RO AND
C
ON
,
A
R
EADER
(AndrewSullivan, ed., 1997).6.
Marriage is a relationship within which a group socially approves and encourages sexual
1
In proposing these findings of fact, Defendant-Intervenors reserve the right to argue legaltheories that, if adopted by the court, would result in some of the proposed findings being irrelevantto the outcome of this case. By proposing these findings in other words, they do not concede theirrelevance. Nor do they concede that they constitute adjudicative, as opposed to legislative facts.
Case3:09-cv-02292-VRW Document606 Filed02/26/10 Page3 of 61
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