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Offshore wind power:big challenge, big opportunity
Maximising the environmental,economic and security benets
 
Preace 01Executive summary 021 Implications o the 2020 EURenewable Energy Targets 10
The EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets 10Implications or the UK 12Conclusion 15
2 Oshore wind arm sites 16
The history o oshore wind arm sites 16Round 3 – 25GW o new sites 18Location, location, location –why it’s crucial or oshore wind arms 19Delivering on the cost savings 25
3 Grid and planning 26
Introduction 26Why the lights won’t go out on a still day– balancing and backup myths 26Avoiding excess supply – curtailment 29Grid connections required but transmissionnetwork reinorcement not necessary 29Implementing grid regulation reormto minimise costs and delays 31Interconnection to minimise costs and ullyexploit the UK’s wind resource 33Planning regulations that deliver 34
4 Technology 36
Overview 36The challenge or technology development 38Opportunities or technology development 40Cost reduction through learning 48The uture impact o commodityand material price fuctuations 49Achieving cost competitiveness 49Innovation programme and associatedRD&D investment required 52
5 Supply chain 56
Introduction 56Developers – investing up to £65bnin oshore wind generation 58Turbine manuacturers –how oshore wind complementsa booming onshore market 61Component manuacturing –a strategic ocus or the uture 65Installation – rom a nascent toa growth industry 69Operation and Maintenance –innovation in the supply chain 71Maximising the UK economic benet 72
6 Incentive mechanism 77
Introduction 77Perormance o the plannedbanded RO mechanism 78Options to drive oshore winddevelopment 78Evaluation o dierent optionsat central electricity prices 79The new paradigm o highelectricity prices 83Conclusion 84
7 Cost/Beneft 88
The cost o oshore wind 88The impacts o a possible new paradigmo high gas prices 90The benets o oshore wind 90Conclusion 95
8 Recommendations 96
Action required by the UK Government 96Action required by industryand other stakeholders 104
Appendix I 106
Table o Contents
 
01
Oshore wind power
Preace
In March 2007, the European Union set a target that 20% o energy consumed acrossEurope would need to come rom renewable sources by 2020. Dierent countries tookon dierent targets, based on both their existing renewable capacity and relative GDP percapita. The UK needs to deliver a target o 15%. This needs to be achieved across the threeenergy consumption categories: transport, heat and electricity. Depending on the extent towhich transport and heat deliver, this could require 40% o consumed electricity to comerom renewables by 2020 – a tenold increase in just over ten years.In the 2006 report ‘Policy rameworks or renewables’, the Carbon Trust concluded thatoshore wind power has the greatest potential to deliver renewable electricity power by2020 in the UK. Now with the step change implied by the EU target, this study builds onthe Carbon Trust’s knowledge and experience in oshore wind to assess:
•Howmuchoffshorewindpowercapacitycouldreasonablyberequiredtoreach
 the 2020 renewable energy target?
•Whatwouldberequiredtodeliverthis,costeffectivelyandtothemaximumbenet
 o the UK?
•WhatshouldtheUKGovernment,industryandotherstakeholdersdotoachieve
 the above?The extent o industry transormation and the long timescales demand a strategicperspective. The Carbon Trust worked together with the strategy consultancy The BostonConsulting Group (BCG) and commissioned new analyses rom technical consultancies.The study draws these together with interviews with leading industry and governmentstakeholders into a cohesive set o insights and recommendations.The study demonstrates that the UK will need to build 29GW o oshore wind by 2020.Whilst this represents a challenge similar in scale to developing North Sea oil and gas,it is technically easible. Given the amount o investment and public support required,Government has a major role making it possible, minimising costs to the consumerand maximising the UK economic benet.This study has been developed with strong collaboration rom both Government andindustry. It is hoped that they will now take up these recommendations with the priorityand urgency they require.Tom Delay Chie ExecutiveTom Jennings Strategy Manager
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