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 þokyYd if wpfaeYryfpt f v[fwpf&yfar;ojzihf tdrmrfBuD;u oihaf vsmfaom 
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 toufav;q,fjynfhvmcsdef? q&mawmf&SdaepOfrSmyif ynmqnf;yl;onfh 
 tpDtpOf NyD;qkH;cJh\/ okdYaomf q&mawmf&Sdaeoa&GU ynmykdYcs&mXmetjzpf 
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 ['D ; qf a wmf w pf & yf \ &S i f ; vif ; csuf u k d xyf r H q nf ; yl ; pD p pf & ef 
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 ½kad o aomtm;jzihf rwfwwf&yfum c&D;OD;BudKjyKí rdrEd iS w fh ajy;nD xkid af pavonf/ 
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 ['D;qfq&mawmfrsm;onf tdrmrfBuD;tm; tvGefwefzkd;xm;MunfndK 
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 wynh f a usmf tAf ' G v ’ m [f t d A f E k rk A m&yf u f w if j yonf r S m wpf a eY 
 tdrmrfrmvpfufxH uREkfyf&SdaepOf olawmfpifwpfyg;<uvm&m tdrmrfrmvpfufu 
 
 MunfndKav;pm;um vufqGJí rdrdteD;wGif xkdifap\/ ¤if;xjyefaomtcg 
 xGuo f mG ;olrmS rnfoyl gvJ[k ar;jref;&m tdrmrf rmvpfuu f þonf tAl[eDz[f 
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f m;wm[k 
 

 13
 
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 rusio fh ;Hk ? okaYd omf w½kw d aoawmh qufqv H u dk \f / ¤if;xjyefaomtcg þyk*K¾d vrf mS 
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 'Dem&fa&T'*Fg;wpfjym; 'PfaMu;ay;&ef owfrSwf avawmhonf/ 
 
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 
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 14
 
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 
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 aemufwpfOD;jzihf tpörmtDvD,[fukd wnfaxmifonf/ tpörmtDvD,[fwkdYu 
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 þok d Y y if rl q mAif e f * stf z &f o cif v nf ; ,cif u td r mrf B uD ; uk d 
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 15
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 17
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 
 csed cf iG w
f pfzufrmS xm; aemufwpfzufrmS tdrmrfBuD;\ ÓmPfynmxm;í csed pf ufvsif 
 tdrmrfBuD;bufuom tcsdefpD;ayrnf/ 
 
 cg&d * s[ t
f Ad E
f r
k p
G t
f Afw ifjyonf r m
S tmvif ra
f ygif ;axmifa us mE
f i
S f h qk c
H &
h J mwG i f 
 tajr§mf tjrif&o dS l ok;H av;yg;omjrifco hJ nf/ ¤if;wkt Yd euf tdrmrfBuD;wpfyg;vnf; 
 yg0ifonf/ 
 
 td r mrf & S m zd t D \ tvG e f a usmf M um;aom tqk d w pf & yf r S m zuD ; [f 
 
 ynm&Sifrsm;onf tdrmrfBuD;\ tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 
 ork d i f ; ynm&S i f td A f E k c vf ' l e f u wif j yonf r S m td r mrf B uD ; \ 
 
 tqih ftwef ; jrih fr m;rI u kd tjcm;rnf o lr Q ra&muf E kdifaMumif; td rmrf r mvpf u fESi hf 
 tdrmrf&SmzdtDwkdYyif oufaoxGuf qkdMuonf/ 
 
 tm'rf\ om;ajr;rsm;teuf ÓmPf&nfxuforl sm;&SMd u&m tdrmrfBuD;vnf; 
 tygt0if jzpfaMumif; tv’m[fr[fZ[fADu a&;om;xm;onf/ 
 
 

 23
 
 
 tjcm;tmvifrfrsm;&Sdjim;vnf; tajctaet&yf&yfukd odMuapumrl 
 wdusaom tajz xkwfonhf ae&mrSm tdrmrfBuD;ukd rnfolrQ ,SOfEkdifpGrf;r&Sday/ 
 
 tpf*sfrmtf 
 
 tpf * sf r mtof o nf uk & f t mef [ 'D ; qf w G i f r &S d a om? ,cif a cwf u 
 þryfpftv[fay: wnDwnGwfwnf; qkH;jzwfjcif;r&SdcJhaom trIudpöESihf 
 
 ouf q i
dk o
f nf / tpf *sf
r tf
o nf &S & t
D of \ tuk i
d ;
f tvuf ( 0g) usih p
f Of
r sm;ES i o
fh m 
 ywfoufonf/ 
 
 xkaYd Mumihf zdu[fuRr;f usiaf om rk*so f [pf'rf sm;\ qk;H jzwfcsuf wpf&yftay: 
 wnDwnGwfxJjzpfvsif ,if;ukd td*sfrtf[kac:onf/ ukd,fawmfjrwf&SdpOfu 
 tpf*sfr[fr&Sdyg/ tpf*sfr[fukd tuD'[fwGifrokH;yg/ ,ciftGr®of0ifwkdY\ 
 
 ryfpftv[fwGif nDnGwfjcif;ukdvnf; tpf*sfr[f[k rac:yg/ zdu[fruRrf;olESihf 
 vlomrefwkdY nDnGwfvsifvnf; td*sfr[f[krac:yg/ 
 
 vlomref okH;rsKd;&Sdonf/ 
 
 (1) t&ADESihf tpövmrDynmukd rwwfol/ 
 (2) t&ADuRrf;aomfvnf; 'D;efynmukd ruRrf;ol/ 
 
 (3) 'D;efynmukd wwf½kHrQom&Sdonf/ av;eufuRrf;usifrIr&Sdol/ 
 
 td*sfod[m'f[lonf uk&ftmef['DqfESihf tpf*sfr[frS pnf;urf; Oya'ukd 
 azmfxkwfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;ukdac:onf/ td*sfod[m'fjyKEkdifolukd 
 rG*sfo[pf'f[k ac:onf/ 
 
 rG*sfo[pf'f\ t&nftcsif;rSm ÓmPfynm&ihfusufjcif; w&m;rQwí 
 tusiho f v
D aumif ;jcif ; tajccH r r
l sm;ES
i p
f h yf
v sOf;í em;vnf r &
I j
d S cif;? ,if ;rl rsm;t& 
 
 enf;vrf;&SmykHukd wwfuRrf;jcif;? 0[D\aemufcHjzpf&yfukdod&Sdjcif;? ['Dqfpe'fESihf 
 tqih f t wef ; uk d yk d i f E k d i f r I & S d j cif ; / &S & D t of a wmf u k d o d j cif ; ? td * sf r tf j zih f 
 
 twnf jyK xm;aom ynwf c su u
f d k oabmayguf jcif ; ud, mpf jzih f pAAft pf v v
f of Ei
S f h 
 vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;ukd aumuf,lEkdifjcif; t&ADESihf a0g[m&ukd em;vnfjcif;? empdcf? 
 refpcl u
f dk cGjJ cm;Ekid jf cif; ruú?D r'eD? tm,of\ tquftoG,u f dk cGjJ cm; uRr;f usijf cif; 
 
 ponh f ynm&yf r sm;uk d wwf x m;&rnf / 
 
 

 24
 
 
 uk&ftmefoabmayguf&ef tajccHtcsufrsm; 
 
 (1) t"dyÜm,foabmray:vGifaom pmvkH;0gus\ &Sif;vif;csufukd OD;pGm 
 tjcm;tm,of awmfwGif&Sm&\/ Oyrm qkvmbfcsD;jr§ihfjcif;cH&olwkdY\ vrf;ukd 
 nTejf yyg&ef pl&oGvzf mod[mwGif azmfjyxm;onf/ ,if;yk*K¾d vfrsm;um; rnfoel nf;/ 
 
 pl&[faepm tm,ofjzihf t"dyÜm,f&Sif;vif;csufukd od&onf ¤if;onf 
 
 eAD rsm;? qpf ' f' Dufrsm; &S[D'fr sm;ES i hf qGmvd [ D;efrsm;\ vrf ;jzpfo nf/ 
 (2) ['D;qf wrefawmfjrwfyGihfvmjcif;onfyif uk&ftmefukd zGihfqkdjyo&ef 
 
 jzpf & m uk d , f a wmf h Mo0g'ES i h f usih f p Of r sm;jzih f uk & f t mef u k d vS y pG m 
 ½kyfvkH;azmfawmfrlcJhonf/ xkdYaMumihf uk&ftmef\ teufukd od&ef? ['D;qfwGif 
 &Sm,l&\/ 
 
 (3) qG [ mA[f r sm;a&S U 0,f 0[D u sa&muf c J h o jzih f wref a wmf j rwf x H r S 
 wk d u f ½ k d u f u k & f t mef u k d od c G i h f & &S d o l r sm;jzpf M uonf / tm,of c say;onh f 
 
 tajctaetcsdet f cg ae&ma'owku Yd dk tvk;H pkH odMuolrsm;jzpfí ¤if;wk\ Yd qihjf yef 
 zGiq fh cdk sufonf aESmif;acwfziG q fh odk rl sm;xufyí dk rSeu f efol rsm;jzpfonf/ okaYd omf 
 
 tqkduGJjym;aevsif OD;pm;ay;oihfaom tqkdukd pDppfavhvm&rnf/ 
 (4) qG[mA[frsm;\ tqkrd &Sv d Qif omAdteD rf sm;\ zGiq fh cdk sufudk vufc&H rnf/ 
 
 (5) txuf y gav;csuf y if r&S i f ; vif ; ao;vsif t&S i f j rwf r S &&S d a om 
 todÓmPfjzihf xkwfEIwf&rnf/ 
 
 txufyg tqkrd sm;ukd qefu Y siNf yD; &S&tD ofeYJ vGaJ csmaf om aumufEw f dk 
I cf suu
 jiif;qef&ayrnf/ 
 
 xkdYaMumifh ukd,fhtawG;ESihf uk&ftmef&Sif;jyolonf rSefaomfjim;vnf; 
 
 rSm;,Gif;ol jzpfaMumif; wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'awmfvm&Sdonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ tqifUtwef; 
 ['Dqfyg&*l ,ZD'ftdAfEk[m½lefu wifjyonfrSm ['D;qfq&mawmf 
 
 axmifausmfEiS fh awGUqkcH o hJ nf/ ¤if;wkt Yd euf ynmt&Sq d ;Hk zdu[f&nf tjynh0f qk;H 
 oyfuf0gt&SdqkH; ig;yg;ukd a&G;cs,fMunh&m tdrmrfBuD;onf yxrtqihf 
 
 &So
d jl zpfaMumif; aumufcsufjyKxm;ayonf/ tdrmrftAl'g0l'u f vnf; tdrmrfBuD;ukd 
 

 25
 
 
 tqihf&Sdaom tdrmrfwpfqljzpfonf[k owfrSwfonf/ 
 tdrmrf&SmzdtD\q&m 0uDtfocifonf tdrmrfBuD;xHrS ['D;qfaygif; 
 
 (900)ukd &d0g,of jyKcJo h nf/ tdrmrfAck g&D\q&m ruút D Ad Ef t
k pfA&f m[Dru f vnf; 
 tdrmrfBuD;tm; rdrdwkdY\ tBuD;qkH; tmvifrfjzpfonf[k qkH;jzwfavonf/ 
 
 ,[f,mtdAEf pk tD'u f uREyfk w f o
Ydk nf tdrmrfBuD;teD;wGif ['DqMf um;emvsuf 
 tdrmrf BuD;tm; armhMunhfvkdufvsuf rsufESmawmftoGiftm;jzihf t&Sifjrwftm; 
 tvGefaMumuf&GHvsuf &Sdaeonfukd &dyfpm;rdaMumif; wifjyavonf/ 
 
 rk [ 'f ' d p f r sm;onf ['D q f u k d yk H p H E S p f r sKd ; jzih f w if j yMu\/ tcsKd U u 
 
 r&f z l t f [ 'D q f u k d >ruf M um; onf tcsKd U u ['D q f u k d rd r d b uf r S 
 zdu[fryfpftv[fozG,f qkH;jzwfay;Muonf/ &d0g,ofukd wrefawmfjrwfxHrS 
 qihfjyef&mwGif tenf;i,f wdrf;acsmfoGm;rSmukd qifjcifaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ usrf;rsm;wGif a&wGuv f suf ['D;qfaygif;(7)aomif;&Sd onf/ 
 'kwd,ykHpHt& ['D;qfqihfjyefjcif;ukdyg a&wGufvsif (7)aomif;xufyif 
 
 ausmf v G e f a yrnf / td r mrf B uD ; onf rd r d b0uk d zd u [f r pmtd v f t wG u f 
 jr§Kyfxm;vkduf&m ['D;qfonfyif ryfpftv[ftoGifaqmif oGm;avonf/ 
 
 td r mrf BuD ;ES ihf wynh fr sm;onf zd u [f u kd OD; pG m pkaqmif ; ol r sm;jzpfo nf / 
 ud,mpfjzihf ok;H oyfjcif;ukd pwiforl sm;vnf;jzpfMu&m ulz[fom; zdu[f&iS rf sm;ukd 
 
 tqGf[mAG&f½kdif,f [lívnf;aumif; t[favud,mpf[lí vnf;aumif; 
 ac:a0:Muonf/ tdrmrfBuD;onf &d0g,of xuf 'd&m,ofukd OD;pm;ay;oljzpfí 
 &d0g,ofukd tvGefuRrf;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 
 
 tqGf[mAG&f&d0g,ofESihf tqGf[maA'd&m,ofonf ukefMurf;pkolESihf 
 
 uk e facsmxk w fjzef Yc sdo l yrmjzpf Muí qef Yu sifb uf t ky fp kr sm;r[k w fay/ 

 uk&ftmefukd ['D;qfjzifU &Sif;jyrS oabmaygufjcif;  
 uk&ftmefwGif udAfv[fajymif;onfh trdefYusvmonf/ AkdifoGvf 
 
 rkuyf''f yfpo f nf ,cifu upfAv f [fjzpfcahJ Mumif;ukd uk&t f mefjzihrf od&/ ['D;qfrS 
 od&onf/ 
 
 pl & [f o [&D r f & S d azmf j y&mtaMumif ; wG i f tmat&S [ f o cif r ES i h f 
 [zfpG[focifrwkdY trnfrsm;ukd ['D;qfjzihfod&\/ 
 

 26
 
 
 rkemzpfuftzkdY *semZ[fermZfrzwftyfaMumif; tm,ofom&Sdonf/ 
 aoolrsm;tzkdY *semZ[fermZfzwftyfaMumif;ukd uk&ftmefwGif rawGU&yg/ 
 
 oAluw f iG f ryg0ifaom qG[mA[fo;Hk yg;\ aomifA[fudk uAlvjf yKavNyD[k 
 tm,of vm&Sdonf/ ,if;qG[mA[frsm;\trnfukd ['D;qfjzihfom od&\/ 
 
 tDrmef&SiftwGuf wrefawmfhtrdefYawmfukd emcHa&; 0g*spfAfjzpfaMumif; 
 pl&[faepmwGif tm,ofawmfvm&Sd\/ ,cifeADrsm;tay: usrf;ruscJh ¤if;wkdY\ 
 trdefYukdvkdufem&ef 0g*spfAf r[kwfygu eADtjzpfapvTwfjcif;onf tcsD;ESD; 
 
 jzpf&ayrnf/ 
 
 wrefawmf tpfAf&m[Drfonf tdyfrufjrifrufNyD; uk&fAmeDjyKcJhonf/ 
 tdyfrufonfvnf; 0[DjzpfaMumif; ['D;qftm;jzihf od&onf/ 
 
 uk&ftmef&Sdteufa&mifBudK;ESihftjzLa&mifBudK;ukd qG[mAD t'D ocif 
 oabmraygufcJh/ wrefawmfjrwfu ntarSmifESihf aeY\a&mifjcnf[lí 
 &Sif;jyawmfrlonf/ 
 
 pAftrpmeD qko d nfudk rodMuí ar;jref;Mu&m pl&[fzmod[mjzpfaMumif; 
 wrefawmf jrwfu ajzMum;awmfrlonf/ 
 
 igwrefawmfjrwfESihf qG[mA[frsm; avQmufaomvrf;ukd a['g,of 
 
 vrf;rSef? pGEéofvrf;pOf? *sEéofokdY ajzmihfrwfpGm 0ifa&mufolwkdY\ vrf;[k 
 wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'awmf vm&Sdonf/ 
 
 þvrf;pOftwkdif; wduspGmvkdufemaexkdifolrsm;ukd 
 t[favpGEéof0vf*srmtof[k ac:onf/ 
 
 tmvifrfrsm;tMum; tqkduGJjym;aevsif uk&ftmefpGEéofESihf ukdufnD í 
 tH0if*iG u
f saom tqko d nf rnfot Yl qked nf; þokpYd pD Of&efrmS vnf; tmvifrrf sm;\ 
 wm0efjzpfonf/ 
 
 pifppf tv’m[frSwpfyg; rnfolUatoGmtofrS z&yfZfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf 
 
 vlom;onf t&SifjrwfESihf wkduf½kdufpum;ajym&ef? t&SifhESpfoufrIukd &,l&ef 
 rvG,fyg/ 
 
 &pl v f E S i h f v nf ; rsuf E S m pk H n D ar;jref ; &ef c J , Of ; aeNyD j zpf & m uk & f t mef 
 ['Dqfukdom Munhf½I&ayrnf/ 
 

 27
 
 
 uk & f t mef [ 'D q f u k d vk d u f e m&ef t a&;BuD ; jzih f uk & f t mef [ 'D q f r S 
 aumufEIwfcsjyaom tdrmrfBuD;\ aemufvkdufjyK&jcif;rSmvnf; vkdtyfayonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf &S&DtofukdxGifolr[kwf? &S&Dtofukd xif&Sm;jywfom;pGm 
 zGihfqkdwwf ol[k ,kHMunfíjzpfonf/ taxmuftxm; aumufEIwfaom 
 t&nftcsif;ukd tpf*sfod[m'f pGrf;tif[kac:onf/ xkdYaMumihf tdrmrfBuD; 
 
 wifjyvmaom taxmuftxm;ukd em;vnfrS vufcH usihfokH;rnf[lí 
 pnf;urf;owfrSwfxm;jcif;rsKd;r&Sdyg/ 
 
 0g*spfAfESpfrsKd; 
 
 0g*spfAfESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ (1) 0g*spfAfvdtkdifeD[D wrefawmfjrwfacwfrSyif 
 twnfjyKNyD;om; 0g*spfAfjzpfonf/ (2) 0g*spfAfvd*kdif&d[D? txufyg 0g*spfAf 
 
 vdtkdifeD[Dukd taumiftxnf azmfcGihf &&ef enf;vrf;wpfckukd zefwD;&onf/ 
 yxr trsKd ; tpm;rS m ½k d Z [f e rmZf u J h o k d Y j zpf N yD ; 'k w d , trsKd ; tpm;rS m 
 
 tjcm;enf ; t& wm0ef w if & S d v mjcif ; rsKd ; jzpf o nf / Oyrm rysuf r pD ; 
 umuG,x f m;aomtm;jzihf uk&t f mefppk nf;um pmtkyjf yKpkjcif; wrefawmfah cwfwiG f 
 
 ['DqfusufrSwf&efrSm 0g*spfAfjzpfcJhaomfvnf; ['Dqfukd xdef;odrf;&eftwGuf 
 rS w f Ó mPf E S i h f y if rvk H a vmuf ? aemuf y k d i f ; jznh f p G u f r I r sm; 0if v mrS m pk d ; í 
 rSww f rf;wifa&;om;&efvnf; 0g*spfAjf zpfonf/ wrefawmfjrwfEiS fh qG[mA[frsm; 
 
 acwfü 0g*spfAf r[kwfaomudpöonf aemufykdif; 0g*spfAfjzpfonfvnf;&Sd\/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ qkH;jzwfykH 
 
 tqihfjrihf rG*sfo[pf'frsm;\ rlowfrSwfykHuGmjcm;ykHrSm tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 &d0g,of (['D;qf)tmvkH;ukd NcHKikHrd&ef owdxm;onf/ wpfckwnf;aom 
 ynwfawmfonf tcsKUd &d0g,ofwiG f qk;H jzwfcsu?f tcsKUd &d0g,ofwiG f taMumif;jycsu?f 
 
 tcsKdU&d0g,ofwiG f t&nftaoG;? tcsKdU&d0g,ofwiG f ta&twGujf y&ef jzpfonf/ 
 &d0g,ofrsK;d pkrH S wrefawmfjrwf\ oabmobm0ukd aumufEw I jf y í jyefEY aYHS eaom 
 
 &d0g,oftm;vk;H ukd pkpnf;aygif;pyfay;onf/ rnfonhf &d0g,ofrQ trvf jyifyokYd 
 ra&mufEkdifay/ 
 
 td r mrf & S m zd t D o nf rwl n D a om &d 0 g,of r sm;tMum; qk H ; jzwf & mwG i f 
 &m0Drsm;\ pe'f pOfqufBuHhckdifrI &Sdr&SdukdpDppfonf/ tdrmrfrmvpfufonf 
 

 28
 
 
 wrefawmfjrwfacwfü &SdcJhaom r'De[f om;wkdY\ erlem vkyf½kd;vkyfpOfukd 
 *½kjyKonf/ tdrmrft[fr'f [rfAvDonf qG[mA[f? omAdtD;ef trsm;pk 
 rnfokdYjyKykHukd avhvmonf/ 
 
 rG*so f [pf'rf sm;a&SUokYd ryfpt f v[fwpf&yf wifvmaomf wdwq f w d af eMuvsif 
 vufcH onfh vu©PmjzpfaMumif; vufatmuf zuD[rf sm;onf wdwq f w d pf mG yif 
 
 em,lwwfMuonf/ 
 Oyrm t&uform;tm; pD&ifcsufcsrSwfa&;ESihf ywfoufNyD; 'kwd, 
 
 cvDz[fa&SUwifjy&m tvDocifu Budrf'PfowfrSwfonf þqkH;jzwfcsufukd 
 Mum;emMuaom qG [ mA[f r sm;onf Nid r f o uf a eMu\/ oabmu 
 
 rG * sf o [pf ' f r sm;a&S U ü [&mrf ? em*smtd Z f j zpf a eaomf rajymr&S d M u/ xk d Y a Mumih f 
 ¤if;wkdY\ qdwfqdwfaejcif;ukdyif tpf*sfrmtf[kac:onf/ 
 
 ud,mpfjyK&onfU tcsdef 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf twkdYtaxmifrsm;aMumihf remvkdol rsm;jym;vmojzifh 
 cvDz[f\ a&SUüyif txiftjrifrSm;jcif;cH&onf/ wpfaeYtAl*stfz&frefpl&fu 
 
 cifAsm; ud,mpfukd uk&ftmef['D;qftay: OD;pm;ay;aMumif; od&w,f/ 
 rSeo f vm;[kar;&m cvDz[fBuD;xH a&mufvmaom owif;rrSeyf g/ uRefawmfonf 
 OD;pGm uk&t f mefuMdk unhyf gonf/ xkaYd emuf pGEo é ?f xkaYd emuf cvDz[fBuD; av;yg;\ 
 
 qk;H jzwfcsuf? xkaYd emuf tjcm;qG[mA[frsm;\ qk;H jzwfcsufuo dk m usiho f ;Hk ygw,f/ 
 'gayr,fh qG[mA[frsm;&JU tqkduGJjym;aevsif ud,mpfjyKygw,f/ pe'frckdifaom 
 
 ['D;qf&vsifyif ud,mpfrjyKyg/ 
 uRefawmfomAdtDtaeeJY omAdtDtqihfwlolrsm;\ tqkdjzpfrl zdu[f 
 
 rD ; ajymif ; jzih f xk d ; Munh f y gw,f / 'gaMumih f uRef a wmf h t aeeJ Y tcsKd U omAd t D \ 
 tqkdukdOD;pm;ay;um tcsKdUtqkdukd csefvSyfygw,f/ omAdtDcsif;wlnDwJh tqkd 
 jzpfwt hJ wGuf pdppfygw,f/ omAdtrD sm; td*so f [ d m'fjzihf tqkjd yKvsif uReaf wmfvnf; 
 
 td * sf
o d[ m'f jzih f qk H;jzwf y gaMumif ; wifjyavQmuf x m;avonf / 
 
 rG*sfo[pf'f tqifU(4)qifU 
 
 (1) &S & Dt of u kd azmf x kw f& mwG i f td* sfo d[ m'fu kd vG yfv yf p Gm ok H;Muol Oyrm 
 zdu[f rZf[Af&Sif(4)yg; ¤if;wkdYonf zdu[fpnf;rsOf;ukd pwifwnfaxmif 
 

 29
 
 
 olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 
 (2) yxrtqih f rG * sf o [pf ' f r sm; csrS w f c J h a om Oya'enf ; pepf \ 
 
 aemufvkdufjzpfaomfvnf; t,ltquGJvGJaomtcsufwGif rdrdqkH;jzwfcsufukdom 
 usihfokH;ol? Oyrm [ezDrsm;rS wynhf ausmfESpfyg; &SmzdtDrS tv’m[fr[fpk,loGD/ 
 
 (3) yxrtqihf tdrmrfrsm;\ tajccHrlrsm;ukd xdyg;jcif;r&SdapbJ? yxr? 
 'kwd, rG*sfo[pf'frsm;rS qkH;jzwfxm;jcif;r&Sdonhf jyóemrsm;ukd td*sfod[m'f 
 jyKol Oyrm [ezDrS p&cfcD? &SmzdtDrS *ZmvD/ 
 
 (4) t d r m r f r s m ; \ p n f ; r s O f ; O D ; w n f c s u f & n f & G , f c s u f w k d Y u k d 
 
 aumif;pGmod&x dS m;onft h avsmuf ,if;wk\ Yd twdrt f eufudk tuJjzwfEidk pf rG ;f &So
d ?l 
 t,ltq trsKd;rsKd;ukd pdppfí rnfonfhudpöukd tav;teufxm;&rnfukd 
 qkH;jzwfEkdifonf/ Oyrm uk'l&D? a['g,[fusrf;&Sif? txufyg av;qihfrSty 
 
 usefyk*d¾Kvfrsm;wGif td*sfod[m'ft&nftcsif; r&SdaMumif;rSwf,lyg/ 
 yxrtqihf rG*sfo[pf'rf sm;\ td*sfo[ d m'frS tusKd;qufrsm; xkwEf w I o f ?l 
 
 &S i f ; aeaom qk H ; jzwf c suf u k d yk d r k d j ywf o m;atmif Bud K ;yrf ; ol u k d 
 tqGf[mAGofocf&D*sf[kac:onf/ Oyrm tblbu&f&mZD? yxrtqihf tdrmrf\ 
 
 xif jrif
c sufr sm;teuf rnfo nf u rS
e f
o nf
? yk
da umif ; onf / obm0usonf 
 [laom tcsuftm; pdppfolukd tqGf[mAGofo&f*sD;[f[kac:onf/ Oyrm 
 uk'l&D usrf;&Sif/ 
 
 rdrdryfZf[Af\ rnfonfh,lqcsufu uspfvpfonf/ tm;aysmhonf/ 
 xif&Sm;onf? &Sm;yg;onf ponhftqkH;tjzwfay;Ekdifonfukd tAfpf[mAGof 
 
 oyfpGf[D;[f[kac:onf/ Oyrm qG'f&G&Sf&S&Dt[fuefZfusrf;&Sif/ 
 
 txuf y g ynm&S i f r sm;\ tqk d t m;vk H ; uk d vuf c H o nh f t jyif 
 vlYajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd tajccHum ryfpftv[fxkwfEkdifolrSm 'G&fa&rGcfom&fusrf;&Sif 
 jzpfonf/ 
 
 uk&ftmefrl&if;? ['D;qfzdu[fonf ¤if;\tzGihfjzpfonf/ &wem 
 aowåmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;jcif; 
 
 r[kwf/ þokdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/ 
 uk & f t mef [ 'D ; qf \ tus,f t 0ef ; twd r f t euf t &d y f t >ruf w k d Y u k d 
 
 

 30
 
 
 vlomrefrsm; rodEkdif? tkdplav['Dqf? tkdplavzdu[f (['Dqf? zdu[f\ tajccH 
 Oya'rsm;)wGif b0wpfckvkH; epfxm;NyD; &SmazGokH;oyfñSdEIdif;aom zuD[frsm;om 
 oabmaygufMuonf[k azmfjycJhNyD/ 
 
 vlomrefwkdY\ wm0efonf vkdufemusihfokH;&efomjzpfonf/ vlNydef;wkdYu 
 zof0g qkH;jzwfcsufukd apm'uwufcGihfr&Sday/ ryfZf[Af&Sif\ av;yg;teuf 
 
 wpfOD;OD;ukd av;av;pm;pm; usihfokH;&ayrnf/ þwav;wpm; vkdufemjcif;ukd 
 oyfufvD'f [kac:onf/ vkdufemolukd rkuvfvpf'f[k ac:onf/ 
 
 tAÁmpDrsm;\ &ufpufMurf;MuKwfrI 
 
 tdrmrfBuD; toufxif&mS ;&Sad epOf tkr0Drsm; vk;H 0usqk;H ed*;Hk csKyfomG ;avNyD? 
 tAGvf tAÁmpftAf'Gv’m[ftAÁmpDu av;ESpftwGif; tkyfcsKyfaomumvwGif 
 
 ñSif;qJonfrSm ,cifu 'ku©yifv,fa0cJhonfrsm;ukd vlwkdYarhoGm;Muonf? 
 wzef ¤if ; \nD tAl * stf z &f tAÁ m pD u vnf ; tk r 0D a qG p Of t m;vk H ; uk d 
 
 okwo f if&mrSm tkrd 0DuA&frsm;ukd wl;azmfum t½k;d rsm;ukyd if rD;wif½UdI vku d f avonf/ 
 
 þokyYd if pm'gofEiS t fh v0D t[favAkid o f Ef ,G 0f ifrsm;ukv
d nf; &ufpufco hJ nf/ 
 ¤if;wkdY cdvmzoftwGuf acgif;axmifvmrSmukd pkd;&drfí ESdyfuGyfavonf/ 
 
 tAl*stfz&f refpl&f\ ESdyfpufuvljyKrIrsm;aMumihf ajr;awmf[pef\ 
 jrpfawmfol rk[r®'f ezfpZf uD,[fu taygif;tygtenf;i,fEiS w fh uG tAl*stzf &fudk 
 awmfvSef&ef qkdif;jyif;avonf/ 
 
 ¤if;onf wkdufckdufvsuf jrif;ay:rS vdrhfusum aoqkH;oGm;avonf/ 
 ¤if;\ae&mwGif ezfpfZuD,[f\nD tpfAf&m[Drfu OD;aqmifonf/ ¤if;vnf; 
 
 Ayfpf&mwGif &GwfcRefpGm ppfcif;vsuf &S[D;'fjzpf&&Smavonf/ 
 
 tkr0DaemufqkH;acwfuvnf; 'ku©ay;rIrsm; renf;vSay/ ulz[f\ 
 bk&ifco H nf tmvifrrf sm;ukd rufv;Hk ay;í pnf;½k;H avonf/ tdrmrfBuD;ukd pnf;½k;H &ef 
 rvG,fulojzihf w&m;olBuD;csKyf &mxl;ay;í odrf;oGif;ojzihf tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 
 ,if;&mxl;ukv d nf; y,fcsvku d o
f jzihf tdrmrfBuD;ukd axmifoiG ;f um aeYpOf usde'f Pf 
 (10)csuf ½kdufESuf\/ ,if;'Pf&maMumihf azma,mif oGm;avawmh\/ 
 
 &uf ( 40)aemuf ykdif; axmif r Sv Gw fajrmuf aomtcg ul z [f r S ruú [ fo kdY 
 c&D;xGufcJh\/ 
 

 31
 
 
 tAÁmpDrsm; tmPm&vmawmhrS ulz[foYdk ,m,Dtm;jzihf jyefc\ hJ / cvDz[f 
 refp&l f acwfusrS twnfwus ulz[fwiG f aexkid af vonf/ refp&l u f ZumofEiS fh 
 a&mif;0,fa&;u@rsm; jyKpk&ef? tdAEf v k idk vf mESifh tdAEf ½k AI &f r[ftm; wm0efay;&m 
 
 ¤if;wk dYu tcsd ef, lNyD; a&;om;í wif jyMu\/ ok dYaomf ref pl& fu ¤if ;wk dY\ 
 a&;om;csurf sm;ukd rESpo f ufay/ wzef tdrmrfBuD;ukd wm0efay;jyef&m ESp&f uftwGi;f 
 
 a&;om;wif q uf v k d u f \ / tpD t pOf u serI rS e f u ef a om rpmtd v f u k d 
 xif&Sm;atmif&Sif;jyrIrsm;ukd Munfhí refpl&fu 'd&f[rf wpfaomif; csD;jr§ihf&m 
 tdrmrfBuD;u vufrcHcJhay/ 
 
 rk[r®'f ezfpfZuD,[fESihf ¤if;\nDwkdYu cdvmzao&m&Sd'[fykHpHukd 
 ,lvmrnf[k opömqkdMuojzihf tdrmrfrmvpfufu ¤if;wkdYbufrS &yfwnfMu&ef 
 
 zof0gxkwfcJhouJhokdY tdrmrfBuD;uvnf; EIwftm;jzihf axmufcHvkdufonf/ 
 t&Sijf rwftvkrd wlcí hJ ¤if;wko Yd nf towfccH &hJ onf/ þokjYd zihf refp&l \ f tm½ko H nf 
 
 tdr mrf BuD ;buf o k
dY a&muf o G
m ;avonf / 
 
 twkdif;twmjzifU a&wGufenf; pwifykH 
 b*¾'ufNrdKU wnfaqmufpOfu refpl&f\ urf;vSrf;csuf w&m;olBuD; 
 
 &mxl ;uk d jiif;qef ojzih f tenf ;qkH; 'Pf c wfj zpf& ef a&muf o rQ tk w fcJr sm;uk d 
 a&wGuo f nhf wm0efay;avonf/ tkyw f pfcsypf D qG,J al &wGu&f onfudk nnf;nLNyD; 
 
 w&m;olBuD;&mxl;ukd vufcv H u dk rf nf[k refp&l u f pDpOfc\ hJ / okaYd omf tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 naeapmif;vmvsif tkyyf BHk uD;ukd tvsm;teHwidk ;f NyD; a&wGuv f udk &f m rdepfyidk ;f twGi;f 
 tkyfcJta&twGufukd wifjyvkdufavonf/ 
 
 &m0D (qifUjyefol) (12)tkyfpk 
 
 (1) qG[mA[frsm;? (2) tqihfjrihfomAdtDBuD;rsm; þESpftkyfpkonf 
 
 [pf*sf&D yxr &mpktwGi;f rSjzpfonf/ (3) 'kw, d tqifjh riho f mAdtD ([pefAyfp&f ?D 
 tdAfEkpD&Def) (4) wwd,tqihfjrihf omAdtD ¤if;wkdYonf 
 qG[mA[frq S ihjf yefcsuef nf;aomfvnf; tqihjf rihf omAdtrD sm;xHrS qihjf yefrrI sm;onf/ 
 
 (5) pwkw¬t qihf omAdt D (qG [ mAD u k d jrif b l ;aomf v nf ; ¤if ;wk d Y x H rS 
 qihjf yefciG rfh &olrsm; pkvidk rf mefttfr&Spf onfrsm; (6) tqiht f m;jzihf tedrq hf ;Hk omAdt?D 
 
 ¤if;wkdYonf pwkw¬tqihfomAdtD a&mif;&if;rsm;om jzpfonf/ qG[mADukdrl 
 

 32
 
 
 rjrifvu dk yf g/ tdAEf *k sK½kid *f sf ponf (7) tqihjf rihf oAtfomAdtD (tdrmrfrmvpfuf 
 pGzf,mefapmif&D)ponfrsm; (8) 'kwd,tqihf oAtfomAdtD pGzf,meftdAfEk 
 tk , k d i f e [f p onf (9) wwd , tqih f oAtf omAd t D (td r mrf & S m zd t D ? 
 
 td rmrf t Af' k& f&Zf Zm;uf ) (10) oAtf o mAdt DefrS qih fjyefa om tqih fjrih ftkyfp k 
 (tdrmrft[fr'f tdAfEk([rfAvf) (11) ,if;wkdY\ 'kwd,tkyfpk (tdrmrfAkcg&D 

 tdrmrfZ[fvt D vD tdAEf v G rf 'DeD (12) ,if;wk\ Yd wwd, tkypf k (tdrmrfo&d rf Zd ED iS fh  
 acwf Nyd K if ['D ;qf t dr mrf r sm; 
 
 wwd,rS tXrtkyfpkonf 'kwd,&mpktwGif;rSjzpfí e0rrS 'Gg'ór 
 tkyfpkxdrSm wwd,&mpktwGif;rSjzpfonf/ ('&fapod&frdZD) 
 
 wm0eft& trSefw&m;ukd wifjyjcif; 
 
 ulz[f\ umZDtdAfEktADvkdifvmonf rSm;,Gif;pGm qkH;jzwfxm;rIukd 
 tdrmrfBuD;u axmufjyavh&o dS nf/ ¤if;ukd jyKjyifay;&efjzpfonf/ okaYd omf ¤if;rSm 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;tm; tNidK; taw;xm;onf/ 
 umZDtdAfEktADvkdifvmonf AvDwGif w&m;pD&ifNyD; tdrfokdYjyefvm&m 
 
 vrf;ckvwfwGif trsKd;orD;wpfOD;onf tjcm;olESihf &efawGUae\/ þokdYjzihf 
 ¤if;u xkd&efbufukd [&mrfZm'[f (aZemjzihfarG;aomom;)[k ajymonfukd 
 umZDuvnf; Mum;vkdufojzihf olrtm; zrf;qD;vm&ef trdefYxkwfjyefavonf/ 
 
 AvDokdYjyefvmí þtrsKd;orD;tm; rwfwwf&yfapNyD; Budrf'Pf½kduf&ef 
 
 nTefMum;avonf/ 
 þowif;ukd Mum;&aom tdrmrfBuD;u umZDonf trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; 
 
 qkH;jzwfonf/ 
 yxrtcsuf u w&m;pD & if & m Xmevk H ; 0xG u f c G m NyD ; aomf v nf ; 
 
 wzefw&m;vmxkdifonfrSm w&m;½kH;Oya'ESihf qefYusifaeonf/ 
 'k w d , tcsuf u AvD r S m Bud r f ½ k d u f & ef qk H ; jzwf j cif ; onf pif p pf 
 
 wrefawmfjrwfu AvDwGif Budrf'Pf ½kdufjcif;ukd wm;jrpfawmfrlonf/ 
 wwd,tcsufu trsKd;orD;onf rwfwwf&yfvsufyif Budrf'Pf 
 
 ½k d u f c H & onf pif p pf B ud r f ' Pf ½ k d u f o nf h t cg trsKd ; orD ; tm; xk d i f c k d i f ; &rnf / 
 xkdifvsufom; ½kduf&rnf/ 
 

 33
 
 
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 34
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 35
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 
 tcG i h f t a&;ay;yg usKyf r d r d e AD j zpf a Mumif ; ed r d w f v u© P mrS e f u ef a Mumif ; 
 taxmuftxm;ukd jycsifygw,f/ 
 
 vlwkdYu tenf;i,fpOfpm;í 'gvnf;MunfhMuwmaygh[k ajymMu&m 
 tdrmrfBuD;u r[kwfyg/ eADwkxHrS eAl0ofvu©PmjyygvkdY awmif;qkdjcif;ukdu 
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 uG z &
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 jyLwif;aygufazmufcGifU 
 
 umZDtdAfEktADvkdifvmxH vlwpfa,mufu trIwpf&yfwifjyonfrSm 
 uRefawmhftdrfwH wkdif;rSm av0if&ef tvkdYiSm jyLwif;ayguf azmufcsifwmukd 
 tdrfeD;csif;u cGihfrjyKyg/ 
 
 ¤if;tdrfeD;csif;ukd ac:,lí ar;jref;aomtcg taMumif;pkHwifjyojzihf 
 umZDuvnf; wHcg; razmuf&ef qkH;jzwf\/ 
 
 tdrf&Sifonf tdrmrfBuD;xH wifjyjyef&m tdrmrfBuD;u 
 toif j yef v nf a vQmuf w if & rS m u uRef a wmf o nf rd r d w H w k d i f ; uk d Nzd K csí 
 
 jyifqifcsifygonf/ xkdtcg umZDu rdrdtdrf&JUwHwkdif; NzdKcsif wmu tdrf&Sif&JU 
 &ykdifcGihfbJ/ wm;jrpfp&m taMumif;r&Sdyg[k wifjy&m ¤if;vnf;wHwkdif;NzdKcsrnhf 
 
 taMumif; ywf0ef;usifü today;vkduf\/ 
 xkt d csdeuf srS tdref ;D csif;u umZDxw H ifjyonfrmS jyLwif;aygufyifr[kw/f 
 
 wHwkdif;ukd yg NzdKcsawmhr,f/ jyLwif;aygufazmufwmukd ,ciftwkdif; 
 cGihfjyKcsifygw,f/ wHwkdif;NzdKwmxuf vG,fulygw,f/ 
 
 xkdtcgusrS umZDrSmwdwfqdwfoGm;avonf/ þtBuHukd tdrmrfBuD;u 
 

 39
 
 
 oifay;onf jzpfaMumif; umZDu oabmaygufoGm;ayonf/ 
 
 tajrmftjrifjynfU0aom qkH;jzwfcsuf 
 ul z [f w G i f yk * d ¾ K vf w pf O D ; onf rd r d o m;ES p f a ,muf u k d crf ; em;pG m 
 
 aeum[f j yKay;í ul z [f &S d acgif ; aqmif y k d i f ; uk d 0vD r [f ' tf 0 of 
 zdwfac:auR;avonf/ 
 
 t m v i f r f B u D ; r s m ; 0 v D r [ f p m ; o k H ; a e M u p O f t d r f & S i f o n f 
 tl , m;zm;,m;a&muf v mí jyóemay:NyD [ k ajym\/ rd w f a qG r sm;u 
 
 tvef Y w Mum;bmrsm;jzpf w mvJ [ k ar;&m tcef ; tyf onf h yxrnu 
 tMuifvifr,m;csif; awGUqkHrI rSm;oGm;w,f/ oabmu ukd,fhcifyGef;r[kwfol 
 xH uav;rSm;aevkduf&onf[k wifjyojzihf pGzf,mefapmif&Du bmrSrjzpfbl;/ 
 
 r[&fbJaqmif vkdufyg[k ajymavonf/ 
 rd pf& fAife fu d'grf u td rmrfBuD ; buf v Sn hfí tBuH jyKtqk H; tjzwf u kd ar;&m 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u vifa,musFm;ESpfOD;ukd ac:vmrS tajzay;r,f/ ESpfOD;teuf 
 wpfO;D csi;f ukad c:í raeYnu twlaewJu h av;rukd toifEpS o f ufovm;[k ar;&m 
 
 ¤if;wkdYu ESpfoufonf[k ajym\/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u toifwYdk edum[fzwfcw hJ hJ uav;rukd oGvmufay;vku d yf g/ 
 
 nutwl aevku d w f hJ uav;reJY wzefeu d m[fjyKay;vku d yf g[k ajzMum;avonf/ 
 
 uav;i,f \ qk H; rpum; 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf vrf;oG,fwpfckrSjzwfavQmufoGm;aomtcg &THUajrESihf 
 upm;aeaom uav;tm; &T H U xJ upm;aewmuk d wm;jrpf í 'D v k d & T H U rS m 
 upm;&ifvJusoGm;r,f t½kd;usKd;oGm;r,f[k ajymvkduf&m uav;u h h h h h 
 
 q&mBuD; uRefawmfvJuswm pkd;&drfp&mr&Sdyg trsm;qkH; cE¨mukd,fom 
 temw&jzpfr,f/ q&mBuD;acsmv f o
J mG ;&if avmuwpfcv k ;Hk cRwaf csmw f rd ;f yg;vdrrfh nf[k 
 
 ajymcsvk d u f o nf / 
 þpum;ukd tdrmrfBuD; owdxm;í rdrw d ynhrf sm;ukv d nf; ryfpt f v[ftrSef 
 
 xkwfEIwf wJhae&mrSm tiftm;&SdorQ BudK;pm;Mu tmvifrf&JU trSm;aMumihf 
 tmvrfwpfckvkH; rSm;oGm;Ekdif aMumif; rSmMum;avh&Sdonf/ 
 
 

 40
 
 
 zdu[fynm&Smenf; 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf zdu[fjzihf rnfot Ydk usK;d &,lcyhJ govJ[k wpfO;D uar;jref;&m 
 usKyfonf ynmykcYd sjzefcY sd&mrSm ESajrmwGew f nf;yl;&SmazG&mrSmvnf; 
Yf rdk rI &Scd /hJ tdvrf q
 ayghqjcif; ysif;&djcif; rsufESmvTJjcif; jiif;qefjcif;rsm; r&SdcJhay/ 
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 zdu[fynm&yf qnf;yl;&mrSm rnfolYvkyf&yfrsm;u 
 
 taxmuf t ul j yKygovJ [ k wpf O D ; u ar;jyef & m td r mrf B uD ; u 
 pdwtf m½kpH pk nf;ae&r,f/ tJ't D wGuf qufo, G af &maESmrIudk avQm&h r,f/ oabmu 
 vkdtyfwmukd &,l rvkdtyfwmukd pGefYvTwfwmukd qkdvkdw,f/ 
 
 aemufwpfcsufu pdwfxm;us,f0ef;&r,f/ tGr®oftm;vkH;twGuf 
 ae&m&Sd&r,f/ 
 
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 
 rdrdqkH;jzwfcsufESihf ywfoufNyD; ,lBuHK;r&jzpfwmrsKd;&Sdygovm;[k ar;&m 
 
 tdrmrfBuD; u wpfBudrf&SdcJhygw,f/ ukd,f0efonf wpfOD;aoqkH;oGm;w,f/ 
 uav;txJrSm vIyf&Sm;aeaMumif; rnfokdYjyKcGihf&SdovJ[k vmar;\/ usKyfu 
 AkdufcGJNyD; uav;ukd Munhfaygh[k ajzvkdufw,f/ 
 
 wpf c gpOf ; pm;rd w ,f / aool u k d 'k u © a y;&mawmh a &muf o G m ;NyD ; 
 uav;&S i f o vm; aemuf y k d i f ; aooG m ;ovm;qk d w m rod & aMumif ; 
 
 ajymMum;avonf / 
 
 ar;jref;olu uREkfyfyif ,if;uav;jzpfonf[k qkdcJh\/ wpfoufwmrSm 
 rnfonhf qkH;jzwfcsufeJY ywfoufNyD;rS ,lBuHK;r&jzpf&ef rvkdawmhaMumif; 
 ,cktdrmrfBuD;\ wynhfcHí ynmqnf;yl;aeaMumif; wifjyavonf/ 
 
 7-ESpf xd qdwfom;rpm; 
 
 tEkMurf;pD;jcif;rS&cJhaom qdwfwpfaumif ulz[fom;wkdY\ qdwftkyfxJ 
 
 a&maESmoGm;í vk;H 0 cGx J wk íf r&awmh qdwaf ps;wGif ¤if;ukv d nf; a&mif;csrnfjzpf&m 
 uqkdifu 0,f,lí a&mif;cs ayrnf/ xkdYaMumihf tdrmrfBuD;u qdwf&JU 
 touftb,frQ&SdovJ rnfrQMumatmif touf&Snf aeEkdifovJ[k ar;&m 
 
 vlwkdYu 7-ESpf[k ajzMu\/ 
 

 41
 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf ulz[frS qdwfom;ukd 7-ESpfwkdif 0,fpm;jcif;ukd 
 pGefYvGwfvkdufonf/ 
 
 ajy;MunfUwmxufrSef 
 
 tdrmrfBuD; teD;wGif rdrd rdwfaqGrsm;&Sdaeaomtcg vlwpfa,mufa&SUrS 
 jzwfoGm;pOf tdrmrfBuD;u (1) þyk*d¾Kvfonf c&D;onfjzpfEkdifonf/ (2) 
 
 *sKdi f;atmuf r Sm tcsKdw pfc kc kñ Sy fx m;Ekdi f onf / (3) 'Dyk* d¾Kvf uav;i,f r sm;\ 
 q&mjzpfEidk o f nf [k ajymvku d o f jzihf yk*K¾d vfwpfO;D xoGm; í ¤if;ukd ar;jref;pkpH rf;\/ 
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 rdwaf qGrsm;u tdrmrfBuD;ukd tusK;d taMumif;ar;jref;aomtcg tdrmrfBuD;u 
 (u) 'Dyk*d¾Kvf vrf;avQmufvsuf [kd[kd'D'D*½kpkdufMunhfaew,f/ c&D;onfrsm;&JU 
 
 oabmtwkid ;f aygh/ (c) olUyck;H ay: ,ifaumif0v J suf awGU&awmh tcsKd&adS Mumif; 
 &d y f r d w ,f / (pyspf a jcmuf u k d ñS y f xm;onf / ) (*) uav;i,f r sm;uk d 
 
 *½kwpkdufMunhfaewmjrif&w,f/ q&mawG&JU oabmvnf; 'Dtwkdif;ygbJ[k 
 ajzMum;onf/ 
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 urÇmhtv,fA[kd 
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 rde;f rvsm uRefwpfO;D onf refp&l x f cH pm;cGi&fh xm;oljzpfonf/ tdrmrfBuD;ukd 
 tqk;d jrifojl zpfonf/ wpfaeY ¤if;u a&mufaeaom tdrmrfBuD;tm; ar;jref;onfrmS 
 
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 
 tv,fA[kdjzpfonf/) r,kHvsif wkdif;MunhfzkdY ynmrJhukd ajymvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ 
 aemufwpfcGef;u avmurSm tzkdrsm;ovm;? trrsm;ovm;[k ar;jref; &m 
 tdrmrfBuD;u tzkv d nf;rsm;w,f? trvnf;rsm;w,f/ 'geJY rif;u tzkx d u J vm;? 
 
 trtkyfpk xJuvm;[k ar;vkduf&m ¤if;rSm t&Suf&í EIwfqdwfoGm;avonf/ 
 
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 

 42
 
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 43
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 ajzMum;onf/ 
 
 uRefawmf þae&mürxku d yf g/ w&m;vku d oufaojy&w,f/ w&m;cHu 
 jiif ; qef w J h tcg uprf u sd e f & w,f / 'gayr,f h w&m;a&;wm0ef q k d w m 
 
 tvGefcufcJeufeJygw,f/ 
 w&m;olBuD;qkdwm cifAsm;ukda&m cvDz[f&JUom;rsm;ukda&m cvDz[f&JU 
 
 wyfom;awGukd a&m bmrqkdqefYusif&mukd qkH;jzwfEkdifwJh owdå&Sd&r,f/ 
 cifAsm;uREkyf u f dk ,ckvadk c:vdu k &f if tdrf jyefra&mufoa&GU at;csrf;wJh toufyif 
 
 r½IEkdif oabmu pdwfaomu zdpD;aeygw,f/ 
 

 44
 
 
 refpl&fu cifAsm;uREkfyf&JU vufaqmifawGukd bmaMumihfvufrcHovJ/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u cifAsm;&JU ykdifqkdifrIjzpfwJh ukd,fa&;ukd,fwm vufaqmifukd 
 
 jyefay;wm vkH;0r&SdcJhbl;/ 'grsKd; vufaqmifukd vufcHzkdY toihfyg/ 'gayr,fh 
 tpd;k &b@mrS vufaqmifyYdk wm uREkyf t f zkYd r,lxu f ;l / usKyfu wyfom;vnf; 
dk b
 r[kwf/ wyfrdom;pkvnf; r[kwfawmh a0pkr&Ekdifyg/ r&Sdqif;&Jom;vnf; 
 
 r[kwfawmh qG'u[fvnf; ,lykdifcGihf r&Sdwm trSefygbJ/ 
 aemufwpfBudrfac:NyD; refpl&fu cifAsm; 'Dwm0efukd ,l&r,f[k ajym&m 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u vnf; uREkfyf 'Dwm0efukd vkH;0r,lEkdifyg[k ajzonf/ 
 
 refpl&fu wzef uprfeJYwuG wm0eftyfESif;jyefawmh teD;&Sd&ADtfqkdolu 
 tdrmrfBuD; tm; cifAsm;rjrifbl;vm; trD&GvfrktfrdeD;efu uprfeJYwuG 
 wm0eftyfESif;aewm tdrmrfBuD;u trD&GvfrktfrdeD;efonf uREkfyfxuf ykdNyD; 
 
 uprf&JU uzfzm&[fukd ay;acsEkdifw,f/ 
 aemifwpfcsdefrSm tdrmrfBuD; ajzMum;ykHu cifAsm; tv’m[fukdaMumufyg/ 
 
 t&Sijf rwftm; aMumuf&UHG oluo dk m 'Dtrmeofudk tyfEiS ;f yg/ uREkyf uf awmh cifAsm; 
 uREkfyftay: MunfjzLauseyf aew,fqkd&ifawmif cifAsm;ukd pkd;&drfae&w,f/ 
 
 cif Asm;a'goayguf u GJaeNyDqkd& if b,f v kd&SdrvJ/ 
 tajctaeESpfrsKd;teufu wpfrsKd;ukd a&G;cs,fyg '*sfv[fjrpfxJ ckefcs 
 
 okrYd [kwf w&m; a&; wm0efudk ,lvaYdk jym&if a&epfczH t Ydk oihyf g/ xkjYd yif cifAsm;&JU 
 txl;tqihf&Sd yk*d¾Kvfukd av;pm; *kPfay;zkdY tvGefta&;BuD;w,f/ usKyfrSm 
 tJ'Dvkdt&nftcsif;rsKd;vJr&Sdbl;/ 
 
 refpl&fu cifAsm;pum;ukdu rSm;aew,f/ rkom;ajymaew,f/ cifAsm;rSm 
 
 t&nf t csif; &Sdw,f/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ,ckbJ cifAsm;ukd,fwkdif qkH;jzwfcsufcsvkdufNyDbJ 'Dawmh 
 
 rkom;0g'Dukd w&m;a&; trmeof b,fvkd tyfESif;vkdovJ/ 
 trS e f w &m;eJ Y ywf o uf v mygu td r mrf B uD ; onf El ; nH h r I u k d r jy? 
 
 csKd o mpG m rajym? aemif tem*wf & J U tusKd ; uk d ruf r xm;bJ trS e f u k d 
 xkwfazmfwwfonf/ tvkd&r®uf&SdaMumif; vkH;0 rjybJ w&m;olBuD; &mxl;ukdyif 
 ajcpkHuefypfvkdufonf/ cvDz[fu usdefajymawmh tdrmrfBuD; vnf; usdefíyif 
 
 

 45
 
 
 y,fcsvkdufonf vkH;0rrIay/ 
 þwm0efukd 'kp½kduf*kdem[f[k r,lqyg/ w&m;a&;yef;wkdif &v'fukd 
 
 a&muf&efrSm tvGef Murf;wrf;cJ,Of;aMumif;cH,lxm;onf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ aemufqkH;tcsdef 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf w&m;olBuD;wm0ef vufrcHaomaMumihf touf(70)wGif 
 
 Bud rfz ef rsm; pG m Budrf' Pf ½kdu fc H& onf / Bud rf'Pf(10) r[k w f (20)r[kw f 
 aeYpOf Budrf'Pftcsufaygif; (30) ½kdufcHonf/ aemufqkH; axmifuscH&NyD; 
 
 pm;aomufrnhfu@ukdyif Muyfwnf;atmifjyKvkyfum aemufqkH;tpmxJ 
 tqd y f o ih f a pí &S [ D ' f j yKcH & onf / armof o nf y if td r mrf B uD ; tzk d Y 
 vGwaf jrmufp&mjzpfum p*sf'[fcsvsuf toufudk touf&iS \ f ajcawmf&if;wGif 
 
 tyfESif; vkdufayonf/ 
 td r mrf B uD ; tm; trsm;jr§ K yf w J h uA&f p omef w G i f rjr§ K yf b J tjcm;ae&m 
 
 cdZf&mefwGif jr§Kyf&ef 0pD,ofjyKcJhaMumif; b*¾'uf&Sd uA&fpomef ajrae&monf 
 t"r®vk,lxm;aom ajrae&mjzpf ojzihf ,if;ae&m rjr§Kyf&ef rSmMum;cJhaMumif; 
 
 refpl&fu ar;jref;aomaMumihf ajzMum;vkduf&m refpl&fu 
 touf&SifaeqJumvrSmaum? toufr&SifawmhwJhtcsdefrSmaum? tAl[eDz[f&JU 
 wefjyef wdkufckdufrIrS usKyfukd rnfolumuG,fu,fwifEkdifrSmvJ[k ajymavonf/ 
 
 td r mrf B uD ; uG , f v G e f a Mumif ; Mum;od w J h ol w k d i f ; a&muf v mojzih f 
 
 wpfNrdKUvkH;qlnHoGm; avonf/ NrdKU\w&m;olBuD; [peftdAfEktr®m&[fu 
 a&csKd;ay;onf/ tdrmrfBuD;uJhokdY ,ckrnfol rQr&Sd/ toihfxufzdu[frSm 
 BuD ; us,f o l r &S d y g/ td r mrf B uD ; onf xl ; jcm;ajymif a jrmuf r I t aygif ; uk d 
 
 ykdifq kdi fo ljzpf ygonf [ k ¤if;uajzMum;cJ ho nf/ 
 *semZ[f(6)Budrf&yfcJhonf/ yxrtBudrfrSm vlOD;a&(5)aomif;&Sdrnf/ 
 
 ajrjr§ K yf N yD ; aomf vnf ; vl w k d Y a&muf v mrqJ j zpf a e&m &uf ( 20)wk d i f ; 
 *semZ[fzwfMuonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ aumif;jcif;rsm; 
 
 wpfaeY [m½lef&&SD'fu tdrmrfBuD;\ tcsif;vu©Pmb,fvkd&SdcJhovJ[k 
 wynhftdrmrf tAl,lpGzftm; ar;jref;\/ tdrmrftAl,lpGzfu rdefYMum;onfrSm 
 

 46
 
 
 tvGeo f yfu0f g&So d l wm;jrpfcsuf [lorQrS tvGeaf &SmifMuOfol 'GE, é m&JU uRerf sm;ESihf 
 uif;&Si;f atmifaeol tNrJEw I q f w d af eol trsm; tm;jzihf awG;awmaeol tusKd;rJEh iS fh 
 OD;wnfcsufr&Sad om pum;ukd &G&H mS oljzpfonf/ ryfpt f v[f ar;vsif odxm;ygu 
 
 ajzMum;í rod y gu EI w f y d w f a eonf / tD r mef E S i h f 'D e f t pG e f ; txif ; r&S d & ef 
 0d&d,xm;onf/ twif;qkdu tvGefa&Smifonf tjcm;oltaMumif;qkd&if 
 
 taumif;om ajymavh&Sdonf/ 
 nvk;H aygufE;dk Mum;um tdAm'ofwiG f arGUavsmo f nf wcgw&H ik, d adk eonfrmS 
 
 *smermZf (zsmMurf;)ay: rsuf&nfawmufawmufusaeoHrSm 
 tqufrjywfrkd;&GmoGef;onhf yrmjzpfonf/ 
 
 olawmfpifBuD;rsm;\tqkd 
 
 tdrmrftAl[eDz[fonf tBuD;qkH;zdu[fynm&Sif <u,f0csrf;omol 
 tvGe&f ufa&mol aeYn tdAm'ofEiS w fh uG aexkid ef pfreG ;f ol wdww f qdwaf ewwfol 
 
 [vmvf[&mrfESihf ywfouf vsif trSefukdwifjyol? rif;&mZm\ ypönf;ukd 
 &GH&Smoljzpfonf/ 
 
 *stfz&fAifef &ADtf\tqkd 
 
 uRefawmf tdrmrfBuD;xH ig;ESpfaexkdifonf/ tdrmrfBuD;xufykdí 
 EIwq f w d af eolr&S/d zdu[fEiS fh ywfoufí ar;vmvsif rsufEmS yGiv fh mNyD; jrpfuo hJ Ydk 
 
 a&pD ;oef u m toH vnf;jr§i h
fv monf / 
 
 r[DvftdAfEk0uDtf\ tqkd 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf opöm&So d l owd&å o dS ?l t&Sijf rwf\ tvkad wmfudk OD;pm;ay;ol? 
 
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 oem;awmfrlí oabmwl auseyfawmfrlygap/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD; rdefYonfrSm ynmrJhu arhrSm;í bmrqkdajymvsif olUukd 
 usKyfciG v fh wG yf gonf/ ynm&Su d þokaYd jymvmygu oluawmh epfemqk;H ½I;H ygr,f/ 
 
 tb,faMumihq f adk omf ¤if;wku Yd dk ajymcJw h hJ twif;pum;aMumihf ¤if;wku Yd , G &f müvnf; 
 pl;&Soufa&mufrI usef&Sdaernf/ 
 
 
 

 47
 
 


tdrmrfttfZrf\ ukd,fpm;wm0efcH 

 
 (1) tdrmrftAl,lpGzf 
 wynhaf usmrf sm;teuf tAl,pl zG o f nf q&mtzkYd *kP, f x dk af om ÓmPf&iS f 
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 t&nf tcsif;&Sdoljzpfonf/ [pf*sf&D 93 (712)ulz[fwGif arG;onf/ 
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 qif;&Jom;tdraf xmifprk jS zpfonf/ rdcifu tvkyo f if&ef wpfae&mü tyfxm;onf/ 

 vrf;ckvwfwiG f tdrmrfBuD;\ otfvrD 0f idk ;f ukd jrif&í 0ifxidk af vh&o dS nf/  
 rdcifcjrm owif;Mum;&NyD; tdrmrfBuD;xH cpm;um rdrt d ajctaeaMumihf om;tm; 
 jypfwifonf/ rdciftm; tdrmrfBuD;u ESpfodrfhpum;ajymNyD; ukd,fwkdifjyKpka&; 
 
 wm0ef,lvkdufonf/ 
 td r mrf t Al , l p G z f o nf ÓmPf & nf x uf j ruf o nh f t jyif rk * sm['gvnf ; 
 
 'GefwGJvkdufojzihf rMumrDvlwkdYtzkdY xl;qef;onhf tqihfukda&muf&SdoGm;onf/ 
 rdcifuwpfzuf rdom;pkuwpfzuf cpf'frofjyKaeaomfvnf; ynma&;ukd 
 
 pHcsdefrDonf txd BudK;pm;avonf/ ukd,fhrdom;pkrSm (3)&ufwkdif iwfjywfonhf 
 tajcokdY a&mufcJhaomfvnf; oifcef;pmukd vufrvGwfcJhay/ wpfaeY tdrmrfBuD; 
 
 ukd,fwkdifu uREkfyfwkdYtkyfpk&JU tBuD;qkH; tmvifrfonf tAl,lpGzfjzpfaMumif; 
 rdefYavonf/ 
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 cvD z [f r [f ' D a cwf w G i f w&m;a&;wm0ef u k d tmPm&S i f w k d Y \ 
 tEG H t wmcH & jcif ; rS vG w f v yf o G m ;NyD j zpf o nf / xk d t csd e f u b*¾ ' uf & J U 
 ta&SUykdif;w&m;olBuD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif cJhonf/ wzef cvDz[f[m 
 
 'Dacwfa&mufvmawmh b*¾'uf NrdKUwpfNrdKUvkH;&JU umZDcefYxm;vkdufonf/ 
 
 wzef [pf*sf&D 170 (876)wGif [m½lef&&SD'f cvDz[fjzpfvmaomtcg 
 tdrmrftAl,lpGzf tm; tkyfcsKyfrI e,fy,fukd wkdif;EkdifiH tm;vkH;twGuf 
 w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyfvkdufonf/ 
 
 [m½le&f &S'D o f nf MoZmwdurBuD;us,faom pm&dwåjrihjf rwfNyD; tdAm'ofudk 
 ckHrifaom tvGef&ufa&maom bk&ifjzpfonf/ ¤if;aMumihf zdu[f [ezDukd 
 
 tpk d ; &Oya'tjzpf owf r S w f u m us,f j yef Y a om Ek d i f i H w pf v T m ;rS m 
 

 48
 
 
 ,if;twkdif;pD&ifqkH;jzwfNyD; tkyfcsKyfavonf/ 
 pifppf tdrmrftAl,lpGzf\ tpDtpOfjzihf tdrmrfBuD; OD;aqmifNyD; 
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 
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 u@rSmyif oufa&mufoGm;avonf/ 
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 
 ,[l'w D pfO;D onf [m½le&f &S;D 'f\ w&m;NydKit f jzpf ½k;H awmfoYdk qihaf c:vku d &f m 
 
 [m½lef &&SD'fukdyif ¤if;ESihftwl xkdifaponf/ ,[l'Du tenf;i,faemufqkwfí 
 xkdifaeojzihf tdrmrf tAl,lpGzfu w&m;½kH;rSm 
 bk&ifqif;&Jom;wpfom;wpfqihfwnf;jzpfonf/ tpövmrfu rnfolU ukdrQ 
 
 tcGihfta&;omykday;wmrsKd;r&Sd/ aemufqkwfrxkdifygeJY/ wnDwnmomxkdifyg[k 
 rdefYavonf/ 
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 tdrmrftAl,lpGzfonf w&m;olBuD;csKyf wm0efukd xrf;aqmifvsuf u@rsm;cGJí 
 
 usrf;BuD; usrf;i,frsm; jyKpkc&hJ m tpövmrfb h @ma&;(tcGet f aumuf)ESifh pyfvsOf;í 
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 
 ynmeuf½Idif;rI ryfpftv[frsm;\ rSefuefaooyfrIaMumihf þusrf;onf 
 acwfwidk ;f wGif tvGeaf usmfMum;cJo h nf/ wpfzufwiG f w&m;a&;rsm; rQwoefpY if&ef 
 pDpOfaeouJo h Y d k w&m; ojzih
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 ajymqkdem;csavh&Sdonf/ Oyrm tGr®of&JU tajctae t&yf&yfonf ,cktcg 
 
 cvD z [f &JU vuf 0 ,f a&muf & S
da eygw,f / aeY n Bud K;pm;í &S &Dtof tcG i hft mPm 
 wnfwHha&;udpöukdyg aomuxm;apvkdygw,f/ 
 

 49
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 tGr®o&f UJ touft;dk tdrw f u Ydk dk axmufux l ed ;f odr;f &rJo h yl g/ t&Sijf rwfonf 
 cvDz[f tmPmeJY ywfoufNyD; prf;oyfawmfrlaeygw,f/ ,aeYtvkyfukd 
 reufzeftwGuf rcsev f yS yf geJ/Y 'Dvq dk idk ;f iHOh mOf0ifvmrnfqydk gu tGro ® ef pfemygr,f/ 
 
 vl x k u k d ayQmf & T i f a tmif x m;Ek d i f w J h bk & if o nf euf j zef ud , mrof a eY r S m 
 oyf'D&faumif;oljzpfygr,f/ 
 
 rnfonfu h pd rö mS yifjzpfap? vrf;rSerf S rwdr;f apESi/fh okrYd [kwyf gu vlxv k nf; 
 wdr;f acsmf &m vrf;ukd avQmufMur,f/ b,fvyk if ef;ukrd Q ezfpt f vku d dk a&SUwef;wifí 
 
 rvkyfeJY/ a'goukdvnf; a&SUrxm;eJY/ 'D;efESihf 'GEé,m ,SOfvmwJhtcg 'D;efukdom 
 OD;pm;ay;í 'GEé,mukd pGefYvTwfyg/ 
 
 td r mrf t Al , l p G z f o nf (17)ES p f w d w d w&m;a&;wm0ef t 00uk d 
 xrf;aqmifvsuf aemufqkH; tcsdefokdY qkdufa&mufvmonf/ toufqkH;onhf 
 a&m*gpGJuyfvmaomtcg ,mtv’m[f t&Sifjrwf todqkH;yg/ rnfolUukdrQ 
 
 rw&m;rpD &if cJhyg/ od v suf ESi hf rS m;,G i f;aom qk H;jzwf c suf u kd rcsrS w fcJh yg/ 
 uk&ftmefESihf pGEéofukd a&SUxm;í tpf*sfod[m'fjzihf aqmif&GufcJhygw,f/ 
 
 ra0cG J r qk H ; jzwf E k d i f wJ h t cg td r mrf B uD ; uk d rd r d E S i h f trS e f w &m;tMum; 
 aygif;ul;wHwm;ozG,f tokH;cscJhygw,f/ tdrmrf BuD;onf t&Sifjrwf&JU 
 ynwfawmfrsm;ukd ca&aphwiG ;f us wwfoed m;vnfojl zpfygw,f/ ynwf awmf&UJ 
 
 abmiftjyifokdY b,fawmhrS ra&mufwJholyg/ tkdtv’m[f uRefawmfrsKd; 
 avQmufxm;csuf rsm; rSeu f efaMumif; t&Sijf rwf odawmfryl gw,f/ uReaf wmfrsK;d tm; 
 
 cGiv
fh w T af wmfryl g[k 'dt k m awmif;vsuf [pf*sf&D 182 (798? ar 22) &ADtpG pf meD 
 vqef;wpf&ufaeYü t&SifjrwftrdefY awmf cH,loGm;ygonf/ 
 
 (2) wynfUausmf tdrmrfrk[r®'f tdAfEGvf[pH 
 
 zd u [f [ ezD u k d tk w f j rpf c swnf a xmif o l r S m td r mrf B uD ; jzpf o nf / 
 tdrmrftAl,lpGzfu zdu[f[ezDukd urÇmtESHYjzefYjzL;onhf wm0efukd,lcJh&onf/ 
 
 zdu [f [ ezDjynh fp kH& ef oef Ypif & ef ud , mrof w kdif pepfw us xd ef;odrf;xm;&ef 
 pDpOfjzpfolrSm tdrmrf rk[r®'fjzpfonf/ 
 
 td r mrf r k [ r® ' f o nf [pf * sf & D 132 (749) 0gppf o f ( tD & wf ) wG i f 
 arG;zGm;aomfvnf; ¤if;\ EG,f0ifwkdYonf ulz[fokdY a&TUajymif;vmMuonf/ 14- 
 ESpo 
 f m;wGif tdrmrfBuD;xH cpm;&m vlacsm vlvjS zpfojzihf ¤if;ukd rdrad emufausmwGif 

 50
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 xkdifapí ynmqnf;yl;cGihfjyKonf/ t&G,fa&mufvm awmhrS a&SUarSmufokdY 
 0ifcGihfjyKonf þonf tdrmrfBuD;\ oyfuf0g (qifjcifrI) w&m;jzpfonf/ 
 
 td r mrf B uD ; xH zd u [f oif , l & ef OD ; pG m uk & f t mef q nf ; yl ; a&;uk d 
 pnf;urf;owfrSwf xm;onf/ xkdYtwGufyif uk&ftmef [mzdZf jzpfa&;twGuf 
 wpfywfwmom tcsdefxkwfí tdrmrf BuD;\ otfvDrf0kdif;okdY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ 
 
 ¤if;onf tdrmrfBuD;xH 4-ESpfrQom ynmoif,lcGihf& cJhaomfvnf; ajrmufrsm;pGm 
 ynmwwfajrmufcJhonf/ wpfywftwGif; uk&ftmefukd tm*kHaqmif Ekdifolonf 
 
 4-ESpt f wGi;f zdu[f&UJ av;eufru I dk tb,frQwkid f usufrw S o f abmaygufrnfudk 
 pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ 
 
 tdr mrf BuD; uG, fv Gefo Gm ;aomtcg tdr mrf t Al, lp GzfE Sihft wl aexk di fu m 
 ['Dqfzdu[f ynm&yf tzkHzkHukd jynhfpkHonftxd qufvufqnf;yl;cJhonf/ 
 
 xkaYd emuf ruú[?f r'De[f? Ayfp&f [fEiS fh &SmrfoYdk c&D;xGuu f m rk['f'pd rf sm;xHrS 
 ynm oif,cl o hJ nf/ tdrmrfrmvpfuf pGz, f mefapmif&D ponfh zuD[rf sm;xHa&muf 
 
 &SdcJhonf/ ozfpD&f ESihf t&AD pmay\ euf½Idif;rIukdvnf; &if0,fydkufaxG;cJhojzihf 
 wenf;tm;jzihf bmompkHukd xl;cRefpGm atmifjrifcJhonf/ 
 
 tdr mrf r mvpf u fx HrS 3-ES p fw kdi f ]rkt of o Gm td r mrf rmvpf u fu srf ; }uk d 
 wpfv;Hk csif; em,lí &Si;f vif;csufrsm;ESiw fh uG ]rktofomG tdrmrfr[ k r®'}f trnfjzihf 
 ['D;qfusrf;wpfapmif ukd xyfrHjyKpkvkdufonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfrk[r®'fonf tdrmrfBuD;ESihf tdrmrftAl,lpGzf\ ynmtajccHukd 
 oabmaygufxm; ojzihf ¤if;wkdY\ oifcef;pmrsm; jzefYcsDxdef;odrf;&mwGif 
 
 ajymifajrmufco hJ nf/ uk&t f mef pGEo é Ef iS fh qG[mA[frsm;\ ok;H oyfcsuf rSwcf suw f u Ydk dk 
 tajccHí tESpfcsKyfrsm;ukd usrf;rsm;cGJí jyKpkcJh onf/ tdrmrfrk[r®'f\ qE´rSm 
 
 zdu[f[ezDukd taxmuftxm;rsm;jzihf tus,fa&;rSom xdef;odrf;jzpfrnfukd 
 oabmaygufxm;onf/ 
 
 ¤if ; jyKpk c J h a om usrf ; rsm;rS m tvf r Af p l o G f ? tvf * smrd t G p f q G * D & f ? 
 tvf*smrdtGvfuAD&f? tyfpfpd,&GvfuAD&f? tyfpfpd,&pfqG*D&f aZ,m'gof 
 ponfrsm;jzpfonf/ zdu[fEiS fh oufqidk f aom e0g'd&mofusr;f rsm;vnf; &Sad o;\/ 
 
 eyfpf&meDtmvifrfwpfOD;u tvfrAfploGfukd avhvmNyD; tpövmrfonfom 
 
 

 51
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 rSefuef aMumif; ,uDef&&SdoGm;onf/ taMumif;rSm ]rGwfpfvifrfrsm;teufrS 
 i,f&G,fol rk[r®'f (tdrmrf rk[r®'f)\ ynmonfyif þrQqkdvsif tBuD;qkH; 
 rk[r®'f (wrefawmfjrwf)\ ynmonf tb,f rQ us,f0ef;jrihfrm;rnfenf;[k 
 
 ausjimvsuf tpöv mrf uk
dv ufc H
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o nf / 
 cvDz[f[m½lef&&SD;'facwfwGif tdrmrfrk[r®'fukd vltrsm;vufcHvmjcif; 
 
 trSefukdom wifjyjcif;wkdYaMumihf cvDz[f [m½lef&&SD'fonf 
 oHo,wpf&yf0ifvmojzihf tdrmrfr[ k r®'t f m; tus,fcsKyfxm;vku d o f nf/ okaYd omf 
 
 tdrmrfr[ k r®'\ f jywfom;rI &J&ihBf uHch idk rf w I aYdk Mumihf [m½lef &&S'D o f nf za,mif;yrm 
 pdwfxm;El;nHhum *kPf&Sd&Sd tcsKyfrS vGwfajrmufrIay;vkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf rS 
 txufyg tyfpfpD,&GvfuAD&f usrf;ukdjyKpkvkdufonf/ tpövmrfhtkyfcsKyfrIqkdif&m 
 
 tcsuftvuf rsm;tjyif? *sd[m'f? r*gZD? twGif;a&;&mESihf jyifyqufqHa&; 
 u@ukdyg xnhfoGif;a&;om;cJhonf/ 
 
 ¤if ; \usrf ; rsm;uk d zwf & G w f v sif tqih f j rif h y nma&;ok d Y rd r d u k d , f w k d i f 
 a&muf&Sdovkd cHpm;&onf/ 
 
 td r mrf t [f r 'f td A f E k [ rf A vf ( þ)tm; wpf O D ; u zd u [f u k d 
 rnfokdYqnf;yl;aMumif; ar;jref;&m tdrmrft[fr'f(þ)u tdrmrfrk[r®'fjyKcJhaom 
 
 usrf;rsm;rS jzpfonf[k ajzMum;avonf/ 
 tAÁmpDacwfonf [pf*sf&D (132)rS pwifí [pf*sf&D (656) (ESpf 500 
 
 cef Y) txd wnf w ef Y
c Jho nf / zdu [f [ ezD u kdo m xk dt csdefu usih fo kH;vmcJ ho nf / 
 tdrmrfrk[r®'fonf touf(58)wGif uG,fvGefonf/ ½kdif,fNrdKUokdY 
 
 td r mrf r k [ r® ' f E S i h f t&AD t bd " mef bmom&yf u k d uRrf ; usif a om 
 tdrmrfupmtD(þ)tygt0if [m½le&f &S;D 'f c&D; xGucf o hJ nf/ tdrmrfEpS yf g;vk;H onf 
 
 ½kdif,fNrdKUüyif [pf*sf&D (189) wGif uG,fvGefonf/ 
 tdrmrf rk[r®'f\ ae&mwGif w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf 
 
 ,[f , mAif e ftyfu fp rf (þ) uk d wif ajr§m uf cJho nf / 
 wynh f a usmf td r mrf Z k z &f o nf Ayf p f & [f \ umZD j zpf c J h a omf v nf ; 
 
 w&m;olBuD;csKyf wm0ef ukad wmh r,lcahJ y/ ¤if;rSm [pf*s&f D 150 wGif uG,v f eG o f nf/ 
 tdrmrfBuD; 0zmofjzpfNyD; ESp(f 20)ausmf twGi;f [ezDzu d [fonf b*¾'uf 
 
 

 52
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 AyfpGf&[f ulz[f? 0gppfoGf? r'gtifef? ra&mif0f? Avcf? [r'gef? qeftm? 
 &SD&mZf? ½kdif,f? c0g&Zrf? ud&frmefEkdif&Smyl&f p*sdpfomef 'rd&Sfuf *R&f*smeft[f0gZf 
 oGcfo&f tqGfz[mef pr&fuef'f [&mof rdpf&f r'De[fa&TNrdKUawmf ponhf 
 
 t"d uusaom NrdKU BuD ;rsm;ok dY jyef YESHYo Gm ;avonf / 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ qkH;rpum; 
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 'GE,
é mtwG u f td v r
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 tusK;d cHpm;cGirfh &ay/ okaYd omf tdvrf u f dk 'D;eftwGuf qnf;yl;vsif ¤if;\ tdvrf w f iG f 
 
 A&uof&rdS nf/ xkt d v d rf of nf ESv;Hk onf; yGwo f yYdk if a&muf&rdS nf/ ¤if;\tdvrf jf zihf 
 rsm;pGmtusKd;cHpm;Murnf/ 
 
 umZD&mxl;&vku d o f o l nf yifv,f\ ork', ´ mxJ epfomG ;olyrmjzpfonf/ 
 a&ul ; wwf v sif v nf ; rnf r QMumatmif u l ; Ek d i f r S m vJ rnf r QMumatmif 
 
 vufajcvIyf&rf;EkdifrSmvJ/ 
 zdu[fukd wwfajrmufNyD; zof0gwm0efr,lolonf taumif;qkH; 
 
 zdu[foifNyD; zof0g ay;olrmS 'kw, d wef;pm;jzpfNyD; zdu[fqnf;yl;í zof0gay;um 
 umZDvnf;jzpfaevsif tedrhf qkH; tqihfokdYa&mufoGm;ayNyD/ 
 
 El[fqkdaom wynhftm; owday;onfrSm tkd El[f (toifonf 
 w&m;pD&ifrEI iS fh pyfvsO;f í tar;tjref;xlaeygvm;/ toihpf w d x
f rJ mS umZDjzpfvw dk hJ 
 
 tmoDoBuD;xGm;aeygvm;/) 
 xkdif0kdif;wGif [kd'Dpum;rsm;0ifvm&if tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 
 pum;tqufjzwfvkdaomtm; jzihf ryfpftv[f wpf&yfukd azmfxkwfonf/ 
 uREkfyfeJYywfoufNyD; tqkd;ajym&if ¤if;ukd t&SifjrwfcGihfvTwfawmfrlygap/ 
 
 taumif;ajym &if t&Sifjrwf ¤if;udk Muifemu½kPmoufawmfrlygap/ 
 (rGzfoDonf zof0gxkwfjy½kHjzpfNyD; usihfokH;rIonf um,uH&SifESihfom 
 
 ouf q k d i f o nf / xk d Y j yif rG z f o D o nf umZD t zk d Y enf ; Oya'qk d i f & m 
 ynma&;twkid ;f yifcjH zpfonf/ umZDuadk wmh cvDz[fu ceft Y yfxm;ojzihf ¤if;wk\ Yd 
 
 qk H;jzwfc suf u kd rjzpf r aeusih fo kH;&ayrnf / 
 þokdYyif wynhfEl[ftm;pma&;ykdYonfrSm toihftay:tvGefBuD;av;aom 
 
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 53
 
 
 trmeof (w&m;a&; wm0efaemuf)ukd tyfESif;acsNyD BuD;rm;aom tqihf&Sdolyif 
 ,if;udpöwGif tm;tifcsdeJYrI rsm;&SdcJhonf/ toifonf epfjr§Kyfrnhf tajctaeokdY 
 qkdufa&mufNyDjzpf&m vGwfajrmuf&mvrf;ukd &SmBuHxm;ayawmh/ cvDz[fonf 
 
 vl x E
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 'Pfwyf&rnf/ 
 
 toifwkdY qnf;yl;cJhaom tdvfrfukd twwfEkdifqkH; 
 twnfxm;&efapmihx f ed ;f &rnf/ t&Sijf rwftwGuf toifwt Ydk m; rSmMum;vko d nfrmS 
 
 cvDz[frsm;tm; axmufñSmaom vrf;rS 'Dynmodu©mus&onhftjzpfukd 
 txl;a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ 
 
 'D & mxl ; uk d vuf r cH a pvk d y g/ ok d Y a omf tG r ® o f epf e maprnh f 
 tkyfpkBuD;pkd;vmrSmukd pkd;&drf &vsif trsm;olig epfemqkH;½IH;oGm;rnfukd 
 ,kHMunf&vsifawmh taMumif;r[kwfyg/ 
 
 w&m;pD&ifcef; 
 
 wpfaeY tdrmrfBuD;ESihf tdrmrftAl,lpGzfESpfyg;onf 
 
 umZDtAd Ef t k ADvidk v f mxHa&mufMu onf/ trIppf&ef tcsed u f scgpjzpfonf/ pGypf rJG u I dk 
 pwifojzihf wpfO;D u rdrw d &m;NydKiftm; 'Dvu l usKyfudk [&mrfZm'[f (ZmeD,[f 
 Zdemjzihf &&Sdaomom;)[k rw&m;ac:a0:ygonf[k ajymvkduf&m umZDu ¤if;\ 
 
 w&m;NydKiftm; toifbmajymvkdovJ[k ar;onf/ 

 xkdtcg tdrmrfBuD;u umZDqyf? ta&;qkdcGihf&Sdolu rdrdtcGihfta&;ukd  
 a<u;ausmf awmif;qkdcGihf&Sdygovm;/ umZDu [kwfuJh awmif;ykdifcGihf&Sdygw,f/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ajymonfrmS ta&;qko d w
l &m;vkd aZemjyKru I dk ¤if;\ rdcifbuf 
 ta&;qkd ygw,f/ 'Dta&;qkcd iG o fh nf rdcifEiS o fh m oufqidk o f nf/ ¤if;ESifh rqkid yf g 
 'Dawmh cifAsm;ar;&rSmu olUrdcifu olUukd ukd,fpm;vTJNyD; vTwfovm; 'Dawmh 
 
 ta&;qkdolw&m;vkdu rvTwfyg uRefawmfuta&;qkdjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u umZDtm; olU&JU rdcif&Sifaeovm; &Sifaeygu ¤if;ukd 
 
 ukd,fpm;vTwfEkdifw,f/ 
 
 'D
a wmh umZD u ta&;qk do l w&m;vk dt m; rdc if& Si fa e&JUvm; ¤if;u 
 aoqkH;aMumif; ajymw,f/ umZDu toifoufaojyEkdifovm;/ ¤if;u 
 

 54
 
 
 oufaojyvkdufojzihf umZDu w&m;cHtm; toifbmajzrvJvkdYar;w,f/ 
 xkdtcg tdrmrfBuD;u umZDukdaxmufí ,ckvJ ar;p&m usefao;w,f/ 
 
 aoqkH;oGm; wJh rdcifrSm tarGpm;tarGcHawG tjcm;aum&Sdovm; 'grSr[kwf 
 toifwpfa,mufxJvm;/ tu,fí w&m;vkd&JU nDtpfukdrsm;vnf; &Sdao;&if 
 ¤if;ESihftwl ¤if;&JU nDtpfukdrsm;vnf;ta&; qkd&mwGif yl;aygif;yg0if&r,f/ 
 
 umZDuar;jref;ojzihf ¤if;tarGcHwpfOD;om &SdaMumif;ajzw,f/ 
 xkdtcg umZDu w&m;cHbufvSnhfí ar;rnftjyKwGif tdrmrfBuD;u 
 
 olrdcifonf tmZm'f (vGwfvyfol)vm; uRefrvm;[k ar;ygtkH; umZDu 
 ar;jref ; ojzih f tmZm'f j zpf a Mumif ; ajzyg w,f / xk d Y a emuf umZD u 
 
 w&m;cH buf vnS o
f h nft
h cg td
r mrf BuD;u aeygtk ;
H / ¤if;&J U rd c if o nf rG wp
f v
f if
r vf m; 
 Zifr(D tcGeaf qmifíaeol)vm; [kar;yg/ umZDuar;ojzihf rGwpf v f ifr[f k ajzygonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ,ckrS w&m;cHuadk r;yg/ ¤if;u jiif;qefojzihf oufaorsm; 
 wifjy&ef w&m;vkdtm; apckdif;&m ¤if;ulz[fNrdKU&Sd ausmfMum;olwkdY\ trnfukd 
 
 &Gwfjyonf/ 
 xkt d cgusrS tdrmrfBuD;onf w&m;½k;H rS xGucf mG oGm;avonf/ t&nftcsi;f 
 
 r&S dw J
h umZD cef Yx m;aomaMumih fjzpf\ / tdrmrf BuD;u zdu [f [ ezD o nf þok dY 
 oefYpifaMumif;ukd vnf; azmfxkwfjyavonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ trnfokH;í 
 
 yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;onf tdrmrfBuD;xHa&mufvm\/ 
 uRefawmftvGet f Muyftwnf;jzpfvYdk tvGev f tdk yfaewJt h wGu?f ukeo f nfwpfO;D xH 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;\bufrS aiGtojym(30) ta<u;ykdY&ef pma&;cJh&m ¤if;u uRefawmfhxH 
 ykdYvkdufojzihf uRefawmfhvkdtyfcsuf jynhf0oGm;ygonf[k wifjy\/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf pdwrf qk;d ? a'gorjzpfbJ 'Dvt dk usKd;&Smenf;vJ&ydS govm;/ 
 toihftzkdY tusKd;&SdoGm;wmukdawmh *kPf,lygw,f/ [líom rdefYavonf/ 
 
 þokyYd if aemufwpfO;D vnf; tdrmrfBuD; trnfuo dk ;Hk um bk&ifcw H pfO;D xHrS 
 aiGtojym 4000 acs;cJyh gonf/ ¤if;ukv d nf; txufuuJo h yYdk if rdeMYf um;avonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;ESifU [Z&ofttfr&Sf 
 
 

 55
 
 
 xkdif0kdif;wGif ttfr&Sf(þ)u rpmtdvf tcsKdUwifjyum tdrmrfBuD;xHrS 
 tBuH,lonf/ tdrmrfBuD;onf ryfpftv[frsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í ½IaxmifhpkHrS 
 &Si;f vif;pGmwifjyojzihf ttfr&Su f toifþtajzukd tb,frS xkw, l enf;[k 
f o
 
 ar;jref ; \/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u [Z&of qihjf yefaom tADqmG av[f ¤if;u tAl[½k idk &f [f()u  d
 
 rd e f Y M um;aom ['D q f u k d tajccH o nf xk d Y j yif aemuf x yf M um;cJ h & aom 
 tb,f['Dqfukdvnf; taMumif;cHonf[k ajzMum;\/ 
 
 [Z&of ttfr&Sfu tkd zdu[fynm&SifwkdY toifwkdYonf aq;q&m 
 (aq;0g;ukool) jzpfí usKyfwkdYu y&aq;rsm; pkaqmif;pyfay;ol jzpfaMumif; 
 
 rd e f Y a vonf / 
 
 rdrdryfZf[Af(vrf;pOf)ukd pGefhvTwfjcif; 
 td r mrf & S m zd t D ( þ)onf wpf a eY td r mrf B uD ; \ uA&f o k d Y 
 
 aZ,m&of j yK&ef t wG u f a&muf & S d u m t&S i f j rwf x H r*f z d & of & &ef 
 'ktmawmif;avonf/ 
 
 ,if;aeYeHeuf ermZfwGif rdrdtpOftvmukd pGefYí'kdtm ukElofrzwfcJhyg/ 
 oyfprf , D [fudk vnf; wk;d wD;pGm&Gw\ d rf;pOfudk vTw&f onhf taMumif;ukad r;&m 
f / rdrv
 
 tdrmrf&mS zdtu D þuA&f&iS f tdrmrfBuD;tm; ½kad o*kPaf y;aomtm;jzihf rdrv d rf;pOfudk 
 vTwcf yhJ gaMuif; ajzMum;ygonf/ (tdrmrfrsm;tMum; zk½t l D tuGt J vGrJ sm;om&Sod nf/ 
 
) 
 
 a0ykHus pepfwpfrsKd; 
 tAf'Gv’m[ftdAfEkrkAm&yfuf(þ)onf tdrmrfBuD;\ ryfpftv[fwpf&yf 
 
 ar;jref; onf/ vlwpfa,muf&JU 'd&f[rfESpfjym; aemufwpfa,muf&JU 
 'd&f[rf wpfjym; a&maESmoGm;NyD; aemufykdif; 'd&f[rfESpfjym; aysmufoGm;\/ 
 
 rnf o ly kdi fw Jh ESpfjym;vJ qkdwmrod &yg/ 'Dawmh 'd&f[ rfw pfjym;om usefw muk d 
 b,fvkdaqmif&Guf&rvJ/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ajzMum;onfrSm usefwJhwpfjym;&JU 3ykH 2ykHukd 2jym; 
 ykid o
f t l m;vnf; aumif;? usef 3ykH 1ykH ukd wpfjym;ykid ;f oltm;vnf;aumif;ay;&ef 
 rdefYMum;onf/ (zufpyfpD;yGm; a&; uJhokdY) 
 

 56
 
 
 þtajzuk d Mum;&aom td A f E k ½ I A f & r[f u 2jym; yk d i f & S i f & J U 
 wpfjym;aysmufqkH;oGm;onf/ ,ckwpfjym;pDusefw,fbJxm;/ trSefawmh usefwJh 
 wpfjym;ukd ESpfOD;uykdifw,f/ tJ'Dwpfjym;&JU wpf0ufpDukd cGJa0,l&rnf[k 
 
 ajzMum;onf / 
 
 'd&f[rfray;&bJ a&tdwf&&SdykH 
 
 td r mrf B uD ; u ajymjyonf r S m uRef a wmf c &D ; oG m ;vsuf oJ a omif j yif r S m 
 tvGeaf &iwfvm ojzihf aus;awmom; wpfO;D a&tdwo f ,fNyD;vmaewm awGU&\/ 
 ¤if;xHrS a&awmif;&m jiif;qef NyD; 'd&f[rfig;jym;ay;rS a&tdwfay;Ekdifr,fvkdY 
 
 ajymavonf/ 
 'd & f [ rf i g;jym;ay;NyD ; a&td w f , l v k d u f \ / td r mrf u ¤if ; tm; 
 
 pofol(oHvGifqDESyfxm;aom rkefYwpfrsKd;) pm;csifovm;[k ar;onf/ ¤if;u 
 ESpfNcdKufpGm t0pm;avonf/ pofolpm;NyD;aom tcg ¤if;rSm a&iwfvmojzihf 
 
 a&wpfcu G af wmif;\/ tdrmrfBuD;u a&wpfcu G f 'd&[ f rfig;jym;ay;rS &rnf[ak ps;qk\ d /
 pofolaMumifh 0rf;AkdufylavmifaeNyDjzpf&m 'd&f[rfig;jym;jzihf a&,l&ef toihfjzpf 
 oGm;atmif tdrmrfBuD;onf ¤if;xHrS 'd&f[rfig;jym;vnf;& 
 
 a&td w f v nf ; &&S d o G m ;avonf / 
 
 vSnfUjzm;olukd azmfxkwfjcif; 
 
 vl v 0
k E
D ,
G 0f if wpfpk ul z[fo Y d k a&muf v monf ZeD ; armif EwH S pf
w J G trs K;
d orD ;rS m 
 tvGef acsmvSojzihf ulzofNrdKUom;wpfOD;u ¤if;ukd ESpfouf? olrvnf; 
 ¤if;ukdpGJvef;um ulz[fom; bufokdY vkdufygoGm;onf/ 
 
 vl v k 0 D u uRef a wmf h Z eD ; yg[k ajymaomf v nf ; trsKd ; orD ; u 
 jiif;qefvu dk of nf/ vlv0k D xH oufaojy&efr&So d jzihf pdw½f w I af xG;um tdrmrfBuD;xH 
 
 a&mufoGm;í tusKd;taMumif; wifjyonf/ 
 
 td r mrf B uD ; onf ul z [f\ umZD t dA fEkt ADv kdi fv mES i hf tjcm;zuD [ fr sm; 
 (¤if;wk\ Yd ZeD;rsm; ESiw fh uG)ukyd g ac:í vlv0k w D nf;ck&d mokYd oGm;Mu\/ trsK;d orD;rsm; 
 ¤if;\wnf;ckad qmifoYdk 0ifvm onfEiS fh vlv0k \ D acG;u a[mifavonf/ ,if;tdro f Ydk 
 
 0if & ef cuf c J o G m ;\/ wzef td r mrf B uD ; u ouf q k d i f & m trsKd ; orD ; tm; 
 vlvk0Dtaqmif&Sd&mokdY 0ifckdif;&m acG;xGufvmNyD; ,if;trsKd;orD;\ ajcukd erf;í 
 

 57
 
 
 acsmhjrLavawmh\/ 
 þjrifuGif;aMumihf tdrmrfBuD;u trsKd;orD;tm; wzef ar;jyef&m olru 
 
 vlv0k D ZeD;yif jzpfaMumif; ½Iid o f mef\ vIaYH qmfraI Mumihf pdwaf zmufjyefomG ;aMumif; 
 0efcHavonf/ 
 
 wynfUausmf tAf'Gv m[fAifef rkAm&yfuf\ tqkd 
 
 uRef awmf u lz [f okdY pwif a &muf a omtcg toif w kdY Nrd KUwG i f tBuD ; qk H; 
 ynm&Sif b,folvJ/ 
 
 toifwkdYNrdKU\tBuD;qkH; oyfuf0g&Sif b,fov l J 
 
 toif w kdYNrdKUü tBuD ; qk H; 'GE é, mruf u if;qk H; yk * d¾Kvf 
 b,fov l J 
 
 toifwkdYNrdKUwGif tBuD;qkH; atAm'ofESihf tdvfrf 
 b,fov l J 
 
 wGif arGUavsmfqkH; 
 rSm b,folvJ[kar;&m tdrmrftAl[eDz[f[líom ajzMu\/ þokdYyif 
 
 taumif ; qk ;
H pm&d w &
å i
S f tjrih q
f ;
H k pG
, p
f &
H k i
S f b,f ov
l [
J k ar;jyef & m td
r mrf BuD ;uk o
d m 
 jyoMuavonf/ tdrmrfBuD;onf tdvfrfynm ypönf;Opöm trvfusihfpOfESihf 
 
 ÓmPftajr§mftjriftm;jzihf pG,fpkH& yk*d¾KvfjzpfcJhaomaMumihf tdrmrfBuD;tm; 
 remvkdr½Ipdrfhol rsm;jym;cJhonf/ þonf"r®wmyif/ 
 
 Akcg&Dusrf;&Sd pkvmpD ['D;qfrsm; 
 
 &m0DokH;qufjzihf ['Dqfqihfjyefxm;aom pkvmpD,mof (22)yk'fteuf 
 &d0g,of(20)ukd [ezD q&mawmfrsm;rS qihfjyefxm;onf/ 
 
 (1) ruút k pfA&f m[Drrf S (11)yk'f ¤if;onf tdrmrfBuD;\ wynh&f if;jzpfonf/ 
D Ad Ef t
 
 (2) tAl t mpG i f r f tef e AD v f (6)yk ' f ¤if ; onf v nf ; td r mrf B uD ; \ 
 wynhfausmfjzpfonf/ 
 
 (3) rk[r®'f tdAfEktAl,lpGzf\ wynhf&if;jzpfonf/ 
 ['D;qfusrf;&Sif tdrmrf (6)yg;vkH; rarG;rDuyif tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 
 

 58
 
 
 uk&t f mef['Dq\ f a&mifjcnfjzihf urÇmukd vif;0if;apcJNh yD;jzpfonf/ ['Dqpf ak qmif;í 
 usrf;tapmifapmif jyKpkonhf tpOftvm rpwifaomumvrSyif tdrmrfBuD;\ 
 ['Dqfynmonf tdvfrfavmuukd vTrf;rkd;cJh avNyD/ tdrmrfBuD;onf pG[D[f 
 
 ZtD z f ['D ; qf a ygif;pkH\ twd r fteuf u kd uRrf;usif o ljzpfo nf/ 
 td r mrf & S t f & meD &S m zd t D a&;om;onf r S m rZf [ Af a v;&yf v k H ; \ 
 
 taxmuf t xm;uk d avh v mcJ h & m td r mrf B uD ; \ taxmuf t xm;onf 
 tvGefwdusrSefuefayonf/ 
 
 ['D ; qf E S i h f qG [ mA[f r sm;\ tqk d r awG U &vsif o m ud , mpf j zih f 
 csihfcsdefawG;ac:avh&Sdonf/ 
 
 tdAfEkrkAm&yfuf(þ) rdefYonfrSm ['D;qfESihf qG[mA[frsm;\ tqkdukd 
 oif,l&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ okdYaomf qG[mA[frsm;\ tqkdukd em;vnf&ef 
 
 tAl[eDz[f\ ynmvkdtyfrnf ¤if;\ ynmjzihf ['D;qf\ tzGihfESihf tus,fukd 
 oabmaygufayrnf/ 
 
 xkdYaMumihf tAl[eDz[fukd tdrmrGvfrk['f'dpDef ]['Dqfpkaqmif;olwkdY\ 
 a&SUaqmifvrf;jy} [k ac:ayonf/ 
 
 pG e f y vG H a jcmuf E S i h f pG e f y vG H t pk d u k d vJ v S , f a &mif ; jcif ; ES i h f pyf v sOf ; í 
 tdrmrfBuD;tm; ar;jref;&m a&mif;ykid o f nf[k ajzMum;\/ ynm&Sirf sm;u pt'f\ 
 
 &d0g,ofudk zwfjy&m tdrmrf BuD;u &d0g,ofuiG ;f pufwiG f Zkid 'f Af ifet f ADtidk ,
f m&Sf 
 &m0DaMumihf ]&SmZf}jzpfoGm;onf/ þokdY pe'f taMumif;ukd zGifhjyEkdifolukd 
 ['D ; qf t aMumif ; em;rvnf [ k ,l q jcif ; rS m rS e f E k d i f y gh r vm;[k td A f E k 
 
 rkAm&yfuo f cifu wifjyonf/ (wdusaom &d0g,ofudk qefu Y sifonh&f 0d g,ofudk 
 &SmZf[kac:onf) 
 
 pGzf,mefapmif&D\tqkd 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf pG[D[fukd vufcHusihfokH;onf empdcfrefplcf ['Dqfukd 
 tvGeu f Rr;f usif onf apu[f&m0Drsm;\ &d0g,ofudk qihjf yefonf/ wrefawmfjrwf 
 
 0zmof r jzpf r D aemuf q k H ; usih f p Of u k d em;vnf o nf / ¤if ; ES i h f p yf v sOf ; í 
 a0zefMuolrsm;twGuf EIwfydwfaeNyD; tpöopf*fzm&f jyKygonf/ 
 
 (&m0Dtm;vk;H ckid v f o Hk nhf tjyif tjcm;rnfonhf ['D;qfurdk Q rqefu Y siaf om 
 

 59
 
 
 &d0g,of ukd ]pG[D;[f}[k ac:onf/) 
 td v f r G v f r *gZD (*Zf 0 gtaMumif ; ) od v k d v sif r'D e [f o G m ;? 
 
 [*sfu&k Af meDtaMumif; odvdk vsif ruú[o f mG ;? zdu[fynm uRrf;vkv d sif ulz[f&dS 
 tdrmrfBuD;\ wynhrf sm;xH cpm;Mu[k pGz, f mef tdAEf t k , k idk ef [f\ tqkv d nf/ 
d m&So
 
 ryfpf*sda'[&mrfukd csJYa&;udpö 
 
 utf A [f a usmif ; awmf t eD ; &S d td r f & S i f r sm;tm; &xk d u f o nf x uf y k d í 
 aiGrsm;ay;rnf[k ajymaomfvnf; tdrf&Sifrsm; a&mif;csvkdpdwf r&SdMuojzihf 
 
 cvDz[frefpl&frSm pdwfaomujzpfae&onf/ 
 zuD[fynm&Sif tqihfokdY ra&mufao;aom tAl[ezD[fonfvnf; 
 
 ruú[f o k d Y a&muf ae&m ¤if ; u tAl * stf z &f ref p l & f x H o G m ;í 
 þokeYd nf;vrf;jyavonf/ trD&v G rf t k rf ed ;D efonf tdr&f iS rf sm;ukd ac:,lí ar;yg/ 
 
 utf A [f o nf toif wt
Y d k eD ; tyg;ok Y d uscJ o
h avm/ okr
Y d [k w f toif w u
Y d k 
 utfA[f awmfteD;wGifvma&mufaexkdifMuoavm/ tu,fí uRefawmfwkdY 
 
 aexkid &f m tv,fA[kw d iG f usa&mufvmygonf[q k vdk sif rkom;jzpfrnf/ okrYd [kwf 
 uRefawmfwkdYuom utfA[fteD;okdY vma&mufum pwnf;csaexkdifMuygonf[k 
 ajzvsif ,ck [m*sDESihf aZ,m&ofjyKolrsm; tvGef rsm;jym;vmNyDjzpfaomaMumihf 
 
 {nfhonfawmfrsm;twGuf ae&musOf;MuyfaeygNyD/ ,if;{nhfonf rsm;twGuf 
 þae&mom [yfuft&SdqkH;jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumihf þae&mukd &Sif;ay;zkdY vkdtyf 
 
 aMumif; wifjyyg/ 
 cvDz[fonf tdrmrfBuD; oifay;onhftwkdif; ac:,lajymMum;onfESihf 
 
 a&mif;cs&ef oabmwloGm;Muavonf/ 
 
 rdcifaomu a&mufrnfukd pkd;&drfjcif; 
 tdAfEk[kAkdif&[fZzm&Donf ulz[f\ bk&ifcHjzpfpOfu tdrmrfBuD;tm; 
 
 w&m;ol BuD; wm0ef t yf
E i
S ;
f &m td r mrf BuD ;u vuf r cH ca
h J omaMumih f Bud r'
f Pf aygif ; 
 (110) ½kdufESufcH&onf/ tdrmrfBuD;u rdefYonfrSm usKyftemw&jzpfonhftay: 
 
 cHpm;onfxuf usKy&f UJ jrifuiG ;f awGUNyD; pdwaf omujzpfrnhf rdciftu dk dk oem;rdygonf/ 
 rdcifu tkdEktfrmef? 'DtdvfrfaMumifh þokdYtjzpf qkd;ESihf BuHK&ojzihf 'Dtdvfrfukd 
 vTwfvkdufygvm;[k ajym&m tdrmrfBuD;u uRefawmf'Dtdvfrfukd taMumif;jyKNyD; 
 

 60
 
 
 'GEé,m&SmazG&if pnf;pdrftajrmuftrsm;&&Sdygrnf/ uRefawmf 'Dtdvfukd t&Sifjrwf 
 auseyf a wmf r l & ef aemif t mcd & of & J U tEå & m,f t aygif ; rS vG w f u if ; rI & &ef 
 qnf;yl;cJhygonf[k ajzMum;avonf/ 
 
 wynfUrsm;twGuf qkH;rpum;rsm; 
 
 tmvifrrf sm;taMumif;ukad jymyg/ ¤if;wk\ Yd xkid 0f idk ;f wGif oGm;xkid jf cif;onf 
 
 td v fr fa&;&m tjiif ;tckHjyKonf x uf ykda umif ; ygonf / 
 ta&;wBuD;vkdtyfcsufay:vmaomf? NyD;pD;atmif raqmif&Gufao;oa&GU? 
 
 rpm;aomuf ESifh pm;aomufjcif;onf OD;aESmufudk xkid ;f rIid ;f aponf/ tcsderf usrD 
 t&nftcsif;rjynhfrD acgif; aqmifjzpfvkdjcif;? &mxl;rufjcif;jzihf wpfoufvkH; 
 *kPfodu©musp&mtaMumif;om&Sdaernf/ 
 
 avmuDa&;twGuf tdvrf q f nf;yl;vsif tdvrf \ f A&uofudk vufvw T &f rnf/ 
 td v f r f onf ¤if ; \pd w f x J p G J N rJ r nf r [k w f / tjcm;ol r sm;twG u f v nf ; 
 
 tusKd;rjzpfxGef;awmhay/ 
 
 zdu[fynmukd tajcrcHbJ ['D;qfqnf;yl;aomf 
 y&aq;a&mif;olyrmjzpfonf/ ¤if; onf rnfonhaf &m*gtwGuf rnfonfah q;jzihf 
 ukotyfaMumif; roday/ rk['f'Dpfonf ['D;qf ukd em;vnfaomfvnf; 
 
 zuD[fynm&Sifukd vkdtyfaernf/ 
 tmvif r fy if 0vD rjzpf y gu tjcm;rnf o l0vD jzpf p &m&S da wmh r nf e nf ;/ 
 
 uREkyf of nf ueOD;u odu©musrnfp;dk í *kem[f'pk ½ku d u f dk a&SmifMuOfco hJ nf 
 ,ck ,if;trvfonf 'D;efoufoufjzpfavNyD/ (trdeaYf wmft& emcHjcif;jzpfavNyD) 
 
 tvDocifESihf rktm0D,[fwkdYtMum; rnfokdY&SdcJhaMumif; ud,mrofaeY 
 
 ar;awmfrlrnf r[kwf/ wm0efay;jcif;cH&wJh udpöukdom ar;jref;rnfjzpf&m 
 ,if;vkyfief;wGifom&Sdoihfayonf/ 
 
 w&m;ol B uD ; tqih f a y;jcif ; cH & vsif rd r d x H w pk H w &m avsmh e nf ; rI 
 ysufpD;rI&Sdaeygu ,if; tm;enf;csufukd vltrsm; rodapumrl xkd&mxl;ukd 
 vufccH iG rfh &Sad y/ rvTo J mvkYd vufc&H aomf vltrsm;ESifh oD;jcm;rae&/ ig;Budref rmZfudk 
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 &yf u G u f A vD w G i f trsm;ES i h f zwf u m ¤if ; wk d Y & J U 'D ; ef a&;&m vk d t yf c suf u k d 
 owdcsyf*½kpkdufyg/ 
 
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 61
 
 
 wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf rusef;rmvsif ysufuGufonhf0wå&m;rsm;aMumihf 
 vkyfc avQmh,lyg/ 
 
 rZf[Afav;yg; 
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 0[DESifh oufqkdifouJhokdY wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'ESihf vkyfaqmifcsufESihfvnf; 
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 
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 
 a[*smZf&Sd tmvifrfrsm;\ tdrmrfonf 
 (1) rmvpfufAifefteyfpf ([pf*sf&D 179) uG,fvGefonf/ ¤if;onf 
 
 zdu [f u @rsm; cGJí rk t ofo Gm ['D ;qf u srf; wpfa pmif pkp nf ;cJho nf/ 
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 
 okH;cJhonf/ ['D;qfukd tajccHaomfvnf; rdrdbufrS xkwfjyefaom zof0g[lí 
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 
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 
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 
 (4) [pf*sf&D (241)wGif uG,fvGefol t[fr'ftdAfEk[rfAvf ½IdifAmeDuvnf; 
 
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 
 &SdcJho jzih f vlo mref wkdYo nf ¤if ;wkdY\ zof 0 gtwk di f; aqmif &Gu fcJho nf / 
 ,if ; zuD [ f r sm;um; td r mrf t Al a pm&f ( 240)wG i f uG , f v G e f ? 
 
 tdrmrfpGzf,mefapmif&D(161) wGif uG,fvGef? tdrmrf[pef AyfqGf&D(110)wGif 
 uG,fvGef? tdrmrfatmif0fZmtD(157) wGif uG,fvGef? ¤if;wkdY\vrf;pOfonf 
 wwd,&mpkwGif csKyfNidrf;oGm;onf/ 'g0l'fZm[D&D(270)\ vrf;pOfonf 8- 
 

 62
 
 
 &mpktxd wnf&SdcJhonf/ ¤if;onf td*sfod[m'fESihf ud,mpf ukd vufrcHcJhay/ 
 þokdYyif tpö[muf tdAfEk&[f0kdif[f (238)wGif uG,fvGef? tdAfEk*s&D&foGAf&D 
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 
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 
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 
 rZf [ Af a v;yg;teuf wpf y g;yg ud k o m a&G ; cs,f u sih f o k H ; tyf a Mumif ; 
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 
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 trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ 
 
 umwm Am&def;wGif rmvduDtrsm;pkjzpfonf/ oabmrSm tm&S? Oa&my? 
 tmz&du ponf rsm;wGif rZf[Afav;yg;vkH;ukdom rsm;pGm usihfokH;Muayonf/ 
 
 urÇ m wpf c k v k H ; ü rZf [ Af a v;yg;vk d u f o l r sm; ta&twG u f u k d 
 NcHKikHíwifjy&aomf 
 

 63
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 'D a r;cG e f ; uk d a wmh tv’ m [f u k d b J ar;&rnf o m/ Oyrm eAD u k d a wmh 
 eAl 0 of a y;xm;w,f / usKyf w k d Y u k d bmaMumih f eAD r wif a jr§ m uf o vJ v k d Y 
 ar;ovkdjzpfaew,f/ 
 
 bmomjyef a wG & S d a evk d Y v nf ; tmvif r f u k d qef Y u sif í rjzpf o vk d 
 tmvifrrf mS ;vsifvnf; vlomrefu axmufvrYdk &/ ¤if;wkt Yd mvifrf tcsif;csif;om 
 
 jyif q if M u&rnf / 
 
 a&m*gonf w pf O D ; ES i h f p yf v sOf ; í q&m0ef E S p f O D ; u a&m*g&S m azG & m 
 taMumif;cHuGJjym;ae awmh\/ aq;0g;ESpfrsKd;teuf wpfrsKd;u tqdyfjzpfonfukd 
 ESpfOD;vkH;uajymMu\/ 'Dawmha&m*g onfukd rukbJ pGefYMuovm;/ 
 
 

 65
 
 
 zof 0 guG J j ym;aomf v nf ; trvf u sih f o k H ; rI w pf c k u k d u m; rpG e f Y & ay/ 
 q&m0efESpfOD;teuf tawmfqkH; 0g&ihfqkH;xH ar;jref;NyD; qkH;jzwfMu\/ 
 
 rZf[Afav;yg;vkH;\ Oya'rsm; pkaqmif;xm;NyD;jzpf&m 
 tpf * sf o d [ m'f r jyK&awmh a y/ rl O ya'uk d tajccH í qk H ; jzwf o G m ;&rnf / 
 tdrmrf(4)yg;vkH;\ td*sfod[m'fonf 'D;efjzpfapumrl aemufvkdufwpfOD;onf 
 
 tjcm;tdrmrf\ qkH;jzwfcsufukd vufcHusihfokH;í rjzpfay/ okdYr[kwfygu 'D;efukd 
 &S d & rJ h t pm; 'G E é , mavmuD r uf u k d &S m azG & ma&muf a yrnf / xk d Y a Mumih f 
 
 tmvifrfukdav;pm;yg/ 
 (pma&;ol) 
 
 tpöopf*fzm&fjzifU tajz&Sm 
 
 ryfpftv[fwpf&yf&yfukd xkwfEIwf&mwGif cufcJaevsif wynhfrsm;tm; 
 rdeo Y f nf r m
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 
 xkid 0f idk ;f rSxoGm;í 0kZjl yK ermZfzwfavonf/ ,if;\A&uofjzihf tajz&aomtcg? 
 uREkfyft&SifjrwfxH vSnhfí aomifA[fjyK awmhrS t&SifjrwfrS csD;jr§ihfawmfrlonf/ 
 
 ,cktajzvnf; &&SdayNyD[k rdefYavonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd *sEéofay;awmfrlyg[k 
 tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D u ajymvku d &f m tdrmrfBuD; ikcd sonfrmS tusÐpyifp&dk JT oGm;onf/ 
 qkid yf w d v f u dk of nf/ aemufaeYqidk zf iG afh wmhrS ighn*D sEéou f dk awmif;cHEidk of nhf &JprG ;f 
 
 owdår&Sdyg/ *s[Eérfü rus&onfyifrsm;jym;vSygonf[k ajymavonf/ 
 
 ]uGzf&f zof0gay;&mwGif tvGefqifjcifjcif;} 
 
 vlwpfa,mufonf rdrdukd,fukd rGwfpfvifrf[k a<u;aMumfaomfvnf; 
 ¤if;xHwGif atmufyguGzf&f oufa&mufp&mrsm; &Sdaeonf/ 
 
 (1) ¤if;onf *sEéofukd rrufarmay/ 
 (2) *s[EérfrD;ukd raMumuf&GHUay/ 
 
 (3) ZA[frjyKxm;aom tom;ukd pm;ypfonf/ 
 
 (4) ermZfzwfaomfvnf; ½kul? p*sf'[frjyK/ 
 (5) rsufjrifr[kwfbJ oufaoxGufqkdonf/ 
 
 (6) zpfofe[fukd ESpfoufNyD; [yfufukd&GHrkef;onf/ 
 

 66
 
 
 (7) &[frofrS a0;&mokdY ajy;vTm;onf/ 
 (8) ,[l'f epGm&mwkdYtqkdukd axmufcHonf/ 
 
 ¤if;ESihfpyfvsOf;í tdrmrfBuD;u rnfokdY,lqygoenf;[k ar;jref;&m 
 tdrmrfBuD;u Mum;& onfESihf rqkdif;rwGbJ ajzMum;onfrSm uREkfyfxHrSmawmh 
 
 ¤if;yk*d¾Kvfonf rktfrifefjzpfonf/ 
 (1) ¤if;onf t&Sijf rwfuo dk m wrf;woljzpf&m *sEo é uf dk rrufarmjcif;jzpfonf/ 
 
 (2) *s[EérfrD;ukd raMumuf/ rD;ukdzefqif;aom t&Sifukd aMumuf&GHUonf/ 
 
 (3) aoaewJhig;ukd pm;okH;onf/ 
 (4) ½kulp*sf'[fr&SdwJh *semZ[fermZfwGif yg0ifonf/ 
 
 (5) tv’m[f? &plvfukd rjrifbJ oufaoxGufqkdonf/ 
 
 (6) om;orD ; onf zpf o f e [f j zpf a Mumif ; uk & f t mef w G i f v m&S d o nf / 
 þzpf o f e [f u k d ES p f o uf onf r S m vl U obm0jzpf o nf / armof o nf 
 
 [yfufjzpfaomfvnf; tdAm'ofukd pGJvef;aomaMumifh armofukd rESpfouf/ 
 &GH&SmonfrSm rSefuefaumif;rGefygonf/ 
 
 (7) rk d; a&onf t&S i hf& [f r of a wmfjzpfaomfvnf ; pGw fpkdc H& jcif;rS a&Sm ifv kdí 
 ajy;vTm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 
 
 (8) uk&ftmefwGif azmfjyonhftwkdif; ,[l'fu epGm&monf bmrQr[kwf? 
 epGm&mu ,[l'f onf bmrQr[kwf[k ajymqkdMuonf/ ¤if;wkdY\ þtqkdukd 
 axmufcHjcif;rSm tDrmefyifjzpfonf/ 
 
 t[f a vpG E é o f \ td r mrf B uD ; ajzMum;csuf r sm;tay:tm;vk H ; 
 
 ai;armtH h M ooG m ;Muavonf / 
 
 BudKwifí rpmtdvfpkpnf;rI 
 uom'[fAyfpf&D(þ) ulz[fa&mufvmaomtcg ryfpftv[fwpf&yfukd 
 
 ar;jref;&m ¤if;u ray:aygufao;aom tcsufukd rar;ygESihf[k rdefYojzihf 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ynm&Sirf sm;onf vlweYdk pfreG ;f p&m udprö sm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í enf;vrf;ukd 
 
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 
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 67
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 vk d t yf y gw,f / 
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 oyfuf'D&faumif;onf [k rSwf,lyg/ ¤if;xH&Sdonhf tdvfrfESihf tusKd;cHpm;yg/ 
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 BuD;rm;aom tpdwftykdif;rS qkH;½IH;&ayrnf/ 
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 pum;wpf c Ge f; \ twG if;oabmuk d azmfx kw fykH 
 refpl&fbk&if\ wHcg;rSL; &ADtfonf wpfaeY refpl&ftm; wifjyonfrSm 
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 bk & if B uD ; \ bk d ; awmf tAf ' G v ’ m [f td A f E k tAÁ m pf ( t)uk d qef Y u sif N yD ; 
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 
 ar;&m ¤if;u r*sfvdpf xkdif0kdif;rSm uprfusdefNyD; xjyefoGm;NyD;aemuf tu,fí 
 uprfwGif wpkHw&mukd usKyftvkd&SdrS emcHrnf[k ajymum y,fvkdufygu bk&ihf 
 bkd;awmf\ tqkdt& cGihfjyKonf rSefuefonf uprfrusKd;yg[k wifjyxm;onf/ 
 
 okdYaomf tAl[eDz[fu uprfusdefonhftcsdefrSmwif wpkHw&mukd 
 y,fcGihf&Sdonf/ r*sfvdpf rS xjyefNyD;aemuf y,fcsjcif;onf tcsD;tESD;jzpfonf 
 
 þokdYy,fcsjcif;jzihf uprfusKd;onf[k ajymaeygonf[k &Sif;jy\/ 
 refpl&fu tdrmrfBuD;bufvSnhfí taMumif;ukd ar;jref;&m tdrmrfBuD;u 
 
 trD&Gvf rktfrdeD;efolYpum;ukd oabmaygufNyDvm; olajymvkdwmu cvDz[f&JU 
 vufay:wyfom;rsm;u opömcHygrnf[k uprfusdeí f Akid tf ofjyKMuygw,f/ 'gukd 
 
 ol u ysuf j y,f a pcsif w ,f / Ak d i f t of j yK NyD ; ol u k d td r f j yef a &muf w J h t cg 
 rnf o nh f t csuf r sm;uk d a wmh rd r d r S y,f c svk d u f o nf / ta&;rBuD ; yg[k 
 qkdcGihfjyKxm;ygw,f/ oabmu &S&Dtoft& cvDz[f&JU Akdiftofpum;onfyif 
 
 ¤if;usdefqkdol tzkdY ta&;rBuD;awmhay/ 'gaMumifholUpum;onf tb,frQ 
 

 68
 
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 tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;aeovJ pOf;pm;ap vkyd gw,f[k tus,fw0ihf ajymMum;vku d \
f /
 xkdtcg &ADtfonf cvDz[f\ ppfwyfukd awmfvSef cGihfjyKvkdufawmhonhf 
 oabmrsKd;jzpfae&m? aoG;yifajcmufcef;um xdwfvefYoGm;avonf/ 
 
 refp&l u f toifwt Ydk Al[eDz[fudk ynmrprf;MueJY okrYd [kwu f toifwyYdk if 
 touf tEÅ & m,f E S i h f BuH K &rnf [ k ajymum twk d Y t axmif v k y f o l r sm;uk d 
 
 qkH;rpum;ajymMum;vkdufonf/ 
 
 ['D;qftwGuf c&D;xGufí qnf;yl;ykH 
 
 ['D;qfwpfyk'f rnfonhfNrdKU? rnfolYxH &SdaMumif; od&vsif c&D;ESif\/ 
 pe'f(&m0DuGif;puf) rsKd;pkHESihf q&mtoD;oD;rS ['D;qfwpfyk'fwnf;ukdyif 
 Mum;emMuonf/ 
 
 ['D;qfokawoDrsm;xH pe'ftzkHzkH&Sdaom ['D;qfukd 
 &d 0 g,of w pf c k [ k r ac:Mu/ pe'f t a& twG u f t & ['D ; qf t rS w f p Of 
 
 owf r S w f M uonf / Oyrmtrvf [ l o rQ eD , of t ay:rl w nf a Mumif ; 
 …aynLaB amI¼AamNA ['D;qfonf pe'faygif; (700)rS uREkyf w f x Ydk H a&mufvmonf/ 
 
 xkdYaMumifh pe'ft& ['Dqfrsm;ukd a&wGufvsif (15)odef; pmom;wlnDaom 
 ['Dqfukd cGJxkwfa&wGufvsif (3)odef;eD;yg;om&Sdayrnf/ 
 
 rk['f'dpfrsm; tokH;jyKaoma0g[m&rsm; 
 
 ]]r&f z l t f } } wrefa wmfjrwf\ Mo0g'ESihf aqmif &Gu fc sufu kdvnf;aumif;? 
 wrefawmfjrwf txd uGi;f qufaeaom &d0g,of(['D)ukv d nf;aumif;ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]armif0fulzf}} qG[mA[f\ tqkEd iS fh tvkyu dk nf;aumif; pe'fuiG ;f quf 
f v
 qG[mA[f txda&mufaom &d0g,ofukdvnf;aumif; ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]ryfufoGLtf}} omAdtD\tqkdESihf tvkyfukdvnf;aumif;? omAdtDtxd 
 pe'fuGif;quf ukdvnf;aumif; ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]rG w f o pd v f } } Mum;&m0DwpfOD;rS jywfawmufjcif;r&Sd/ rxif&Sm;aom 
 &m0DwpfOD;rSvnf; ryg0if? &m0DtqufjynhfpkHonfukd ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]rG&fpvf}} qG[mA[fukd razmf? omAdtDukdom azmfjyaom &d0g,ofukd 
 
 ac:onf/ 
 

 69
 

 ]]tq&f}} qG[mAD okdYr[kwf omAdtD\ tqkdESihftvkyfukd ac:onf/  
 ]]r&Sf[l&f}} acwfwkdif;wGif &m0DokH;OD;xufykdvsif 
 
 ]]tZD;Zf}} acwfwkdif;wGif &m0DESpfOD;xufykdvsif 
 
 ]]rGwfovyfuf}} acwfwkdif;wGif &m0DwpfOD;om&SdvQif 
 ]]*&DAf}} &m0DwpfOD;xuf renf;&Sdvsif pe'fwGif wpfOD;\ trnfukdrQ 
 
 razmf j yvsif 
 ]]rGpfozDZf}} &m0Dquf pe'f okH;OD;xufenf;vsif 
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 ]]rkteftef}} rnfolrnf0g (úI) pmvkH;jzihf azmfjyvsif 
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 ]]rk p vf p vf } } pmom;wpf rsKd;wnf ;jzihf ['D;qfu kdv nf ;aumif ;? toG if 
 wpfrsKd;wnf; jzihf qihfjyefaom ['D;qfukdvnf;aumif; ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]rG[furf}} xyfqihf&Sif;&ef rvkdaom ['Dqfukd ac:onf/ 
 ] ] u 0 D ; } } ['D ; qf E S i h f w uG uk & f t mef t m,of u k d azmf j yaom 
 
 ['Dqfukdac:onf/ 
 ]]cg;pGf}} oD;jcm;udpw ö iG f wrefawmfjrwftwGuf uk, d af &;rlyidk f qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk 
 
 ac:onf / 

 ]]empd c f } } wrefawmfjrwf\ aemufqkH;oufwrf;wGif rdefYMum;aom  
 ['Dqfukdac:onf/ 
 
 ]]refplcf}} eAl0ofumv\ yxrykid ;f wGif txufyg ['D;qfudk qefu Y siíf 
 rdeMYf um;awmfrcl v hJ sif 
 
 ]]rk p G [ f [ zf } } ta&;tom;tm;jzihf wlnDaomfvnf; EGwfufo[f 
 (tpuftajymuf) tm;jzihf uGJjym;vsif 
 
 ]]r[&f&zf}} pmom;tm;jzihf wlnND yD; [&uof (Asnf;)tm;jzihf uGjJ ym;vsif 
 ]]rG ' f * s&f } } &m0D\ tqk d
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 
 &m0D\ t&nftcsif;jynhf0jcif;ukd t'vf? ¤if;\csD;rGrf;cef;zGihfjcif;ukd 
 otf'Dvf? &m0D\ tm;enf;csuf axmufjyjcif;ukd *s&[f[kac:onf/ 
 
 ]]pG [ D [ f } } &m0Dtm;vkH; t'vf&Sdonfhtjyif pe'fvnf; rGofopdvf? 
 
 

 70
 
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 tjcm;rnfonfh ['DqfrQ ¤if;ukd rqefYusifaom &d0g,ofukd ac:onf/ 
 ]]rk o 0god & f } } &m0Drsm;vGef;í rkom;0ifEkdifp&m taMumif;r&Sdaom 
 
 &d0g,ofukd ac:onf/ 
 ]][pH } } pG [ D [ f u J h o k d Y &m0D r sm;yg0if a omf v nf ; tcsKd U &m0D r S m 
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 
 ]]rGefuodtf}} &m0Dtqufjywfaeaom pe'fukd ac:onf/ 
 
 ]]rktvfvyfuf}} yxrykdif; &m0D tqufjywfvsif 
 ]]rG & f p vf } } aemuf q kH;ykdi f; &m0Dtquf jywf v sif 
 
 ]]rGtf'Gvf}} pe'ftv,fykdif; tqufjywfvsif 
 
 ]]rGZfo&pfAf}} pe'f okdYr[kwf ['Dqfpmom;csif; rwlnDvsif 
 ]]ryfufvlAf}} pe'fajymif;aevsif 
 
 ]]rGefu&f}} pG[D[f? [pHpmom;ESihf rwlnDvsif wdusckdifvkHaom &m0Dukd 
 qefYusifvsif 
 
 ]]armif0fZltf}} &m0Drsm;teuf rkom;xif&Sm;vsif 
 
 ]]rof½luf}} rkom;pGyfpGJcH&ol\ &d0g,ofukdac:onf/ 
 ]]&S m Zf } } &m0D t m;vk H ; w&m;&S d o l r sm;jzpf a omf v nf ; wd u saom 
 
 &d0g,ofukdqefYusifaevsif 
 
 ]]rk t vf v [f } } tjrif t m;jzih f pnf ; urf ; rsm;jynh f p k H a omf v nf ; 
 tjypftemtqmrsm; &Sif;apumrl rxif&Sm;aom tm;enf;csuf&Sdaeonfukd 
 ['Dqfyg&*lrsm;om odEkdifvsif/ 
 
 ]]tyfpfrmtG&f&d*smvf}} ['D;qf &d0g,ofjyKol wpfO;D csi;f \ uk, d af &;&mZ0if 
 jyKpkxm; aom usrf;ukd ac:onf/ 
 
 
 
 
 &mpk t vk du f ['D ;qf u srf;tzk HzkH 
 yxr&mpkaemufykdif;usrf;rsm; 
 

 71
 
 
 (1) ukolaAtADAu&f(þ) 
 (2) &dpmv[fpmvifrf 
 
 (3) 'zmod&GZfZG[f&D 
 
 (4) udomAGpfpGEéofvdvfryfuf[lvf 
 (5) tAf0gAG&Sf&StfAD (þig;usrf;ukd tkr&fAifeftAf'GvftZD;Zf ruG,fvGefrD 
 
 jyKpk N yD ; jzpf o nf / ) 
 'kwd,&mpkwGif usrf;aygif;(20)&Sdonf tcsKdUukd wifjy&aomf 
 
 (1) tAl[eDz[f(þ)\ udomAGvftmpm&f 
 
 (2) td rmrf rmvpf u f
\ rk
t of
o G
m 
 (3) pGzf,mefapmif0f&D\ *smrdtf 
 
 (4) tdAfEk*sK½kdif*sf\ pkeef 
 
 (5) tAf'Gv’m[ftdAfEkrkAm&yfuf\ udomAGZfZG[f'f 
 wwd,&mpkwiG f ['Dqyf nma&; av;eufus,f0ef;vmojzihf usrf;rsm;pGm 
 
 pkaqmif;Mu onf/ ,if;wkdYteuf apG[m[[fpdofo[f (ausmfMum;aom 
 usrf;ajcmufaqmif) 
 
 (1) rtm*sdaroGAf&meD 
 (2) rGwfpfea'uAD&f(AZfZmZf) 
 
 (3) ryfpfea'tAD,tfvm 
 
 (4) Akdif[uD 
 
 (5) 'ga&uG o f e D 
 
 ['D;qfusrf;trsKd;tpm;rsm; 
 ]]tvf*smrdtf}} vlUb0u@pkt H wGuf rpmtdvaf zmfjyaomusrf; tuD'[f? 
 
 pD&of? tm'gAf? ozfpD&ft&Sf&moGpfpmt[f (ud,mrofvu©Pmrsm;) zdoef 
 (xdwfvefYp&maumif;aom BudKwifa[mMum;csufrsm;) t[fumrf? remupfAf 
 
 (qG [ mA[f wk
dY\ *k P f
x l
; rsm;) taMumif; yg0ifo nf/ 
 yxrOD;qkH; *smrdtfrsm;rSm 
 

 72
 
 
 (1) *smaratrtfr&f (tdrmrfZG[f&D\ wynhfujyKpkonf) 
 (2) tdrmrf&SmzdtD avhvmaom *smaratpGzf,mefapmif&D 
 
 (3) *smarattAf'G&f&ZfZmuf ('kwd,&mpkusrf;) 
 
 (4) *smarat'g&drD 
 (5) *smaratAkcg&D 
 
 (6) *smaratod & f r d Z D 
 
 (7) *smaratrGwfpfvifrf *smrdtf (12)usrf;xuf renf;&SdcJhonf/ 
 ]]pkeef}} zdu[ftcef;tvku d f ['Dqaf &;om;aomusr;f rsm; ueOD;ykid ;f usr;f rSm 
 
 td rmrf BuD ;\ q&mawmf tmrd & fA ife f &S & [fADv f\ tAf 0gAG& Sf& StfADjzpfonf/ 
 pkeaeryfuf[lvfusrf;? uAD&f? qG*D&f epmtD? tAl'g0l'f? od&frdZD? tdAfEkrm*s[f? 
 Akdif[uD? 'g&drD? 'ga&uGofeD? ponfrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ 
 
 ]]ukokAGpfpGEé[f}} pGEéofusihfpOfukdom azmfjyaomusrf;(7)apmif&Sdonf/ 
 
 Oyrm tAl[zfpf b*f'g'D(285)\ udomAGpfpGEé[f 
 ]]rtf * srf } } &m0Dq&mawmfrsm;\ trnfemr&Sd yxrtu©&mpOfvkduf? 
 
 OD; pm;ay;azmf jy aom q&mawmf w pfy g;csif; \ &d0g,of u kd oD ;jcm;azmf jyaom? 
 a&S;OD; omoem0if qG[mA[f tqihftvkduf azmfjyaom usrf;rsm; (7)usrf; 
 ausmfMum;onf/ oGAf&meD\ uAD&f? atmiff0fpoGf? qG*D&f? rtf*sartpörmtDvD 
 
 (tv’ m r[f ' if rf, moG D) (705) 
 ]]rGpfe'f}} qG[mADwpfyg;\ ['D;qftm;vkH;ukd 
 
 wpfqufwnf;azmfjyaomusrf; (74)usrf; &So d nf/ Ektidk rf t
f Ad Ef [ k r®m'f? tAl'g0l'f 
 oG,m,dpD? [krkdif'D? tdrmrft[fr'fwkdY\ rGpfe'f usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ 
 
 ]]rG&fpvf}} omAdt&D m0Drq S ihjf yefaomusr;f ? Oyrm [mzdZu f idk u f vf'D (76)\ 
 *smrdtGof o[fpGDvfzDt[fumrdvfr&mpDvf 
 
 ]]rG p f o 'f & yf u f } } usrf;BuD;wpfaqmif\ pnf;rsOf;twkdif; jyKpk&mwGif 
 ,if;usrf;BuD;wGif rygaom tjcm;['Dqfrsm;ukd pkaqmif;aomusrf; Oyrm 
 
 [muifrfusrf;/ 
 ]]rG p f o cf & *sf } } usrf ; BuD ; wpf a qmif \ ['D ; qf r sm;uk d rd r d E S i h f 
 
 

 73
 
 
 qufE, G qf ihjf yefaomusr;f ? Oyrm rGpv f ifru
f sr;f pe'ftwkid ;f jyKpo k u l m; tAlt0k ge[f 
 (316)uG,fvGef? tAlEltkdifrf(430)uG,fvGef? 
 
 ]]tvf * RZf } } q&mwpf y g; acgif ; pOf w pf c k j zih f azmf j yaomusrf ; 
 (6)usrf;&Sdonf/ tdAfEk ukpkdifrf'rd&SfuD (328)uG,fvGef 
 
 ]]tvf r &S D c [f } } q&mtcsKdU\ (['D;qfukdom azmfjyonf Oyrm 
 r&SDcaotdAfeum&D) 
 
 ]]tvftzf&m'kd0vf*&mtpfAf}} &m0DwpfO;D ? wpfNrdKUrS od&aom ['D;qfusr;f 
 Oyrm 'ga&uGofeD/ 
 
 ]] o*sf&D'f? ovfcD;qGf}} p[mAD&m0Djzihf pe'ftrsKd;rsKd;rS azmfjyaom 
 usrf;rS twkcd sKH; um xkwEf w I jf cif; Oyrm ZkAidk 'f u D Akcg&DrS u&foAG u D rGpv f ifrrf S 
 
 ]]ocf&D*sf}} zdu[f? ozfpD&fusrf;&Sd ['D;qfrsm;onf pe'ftudk;tum; 
 ryg&Sd? ,if; ['D;qfrsm;ukd pe'fjzihf jyefvnfwifjyaom (19)usrf;&Sdonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfZkdifvtDu ocf&Da*sa['g,[f 
 ]]tvf*srtf}} usrf;pkHrS rxyfaom ['D;qfrsm;ukd 
 
 pkaqmif;aomusr;f (13)apmif&o dS nf/ pk,ol uDG *srt f v
G *f s0grdt?f tvf*smartGppf *G &D ?f 
 tvDrGwfouDu? uefZGvftGr®mvfa&;onf/ 
 
 ]]toGf&mzf}} ['D;qf\ tpESihftqkH;ukd azmfjyum usrf;tukd;tum;ukd 
 &nfnTef;aom usrf;? tdAfEktpmud&fu pwifjyKpkonf/ 
 
 ]]tvf t [m'D p G v f r G & S f o [d & [f } } ['D ; qf a usmf M um;aomf v nf ; 
 ,if;\pe'fukd trsm; tm;jzihf rodaom&d0g,ofukd pkaqmif;onf/ tv’mr[f 
 
 Z&yfu&f ?DS tdAEf [ k *s&fu tvfvtm vdvrf yfpEfG t l [f? rk[r®'cf vDv&D mS zdt(D 1057) 
 ZG&fumeDrmvduD (1122)wkdYu jyKpkMuonf/ 
 
 ]]rG&SfudvGvf['D;qf}} t"dyÜm,foabmayguf&ef cufaom? uGJjym;aom 
 ['D;qfcsi;f ñSEd idI ;f ay;aom &Si;f vif;csuEf iS w fh uG wifjyjcif;? Oyrm tdrmrf&mS zdt\ D 
 
 udoGmAGvftGrf? tdrmrf o[m0D\ rG&SfudvGvftmpm&f/ 
 ]]t[m'Dap*&DA[f}} ['D;qf\ cufqpfpmvk;H uk½idk &f o fS m ok;H aompmvk;H ? 
 
 þok Y d ['D ;qf rs m;uk
d &S
i ;
f vif;wif jyaomus r ;
f ? (18)apmif & o
d S nf / Oyrm e'G
& r
f mZde ?
D 
 tdrmrftAltkAJ'f umpifrf? Zrcf&S&D? tdAfEktpD&f*sZf&D/ 
 

 74
 

 ]]tZfZ0gtpf'f}} Akcg&D rGpfvifrfwGifr&Sdaom ['Dqfrsm;jyKpkaomusrf;?  
 Oyrm Z0gtpf'f tdAfEk[AfAmef/ 
 
 ]]tvftrmvD}} a&S;ynm&Sirf sm;onf oD;jcm;tcsed x f w k íf usurf w S x f m;aom 
 ['Dqf rsm;ukd a&;om;aponf/ tdAfEk[*s&f? tdAfEk&Sm[Def? uyfZf0DeD(623) 
 
 ]]tofo&foDAf}} tpDtpOfrusaom usr;f rS ['Dqu f dk owfrw S t f pDtpOft& 
 jyefvnf pdppfxm;aomusrf;? ryfpfea't[fr'fukd tv’mr[ftdAfEGpfpmtmoDu 
 tvfzof[G&f&AÁmeD[lí jyKpkonf/ 
 
 ]]tvf t d v vf } } ['DqfESihf pe'ftm;enf;csufukd azmfxkwfaomusrf;? 
 
 tvGefcufcJaom bmom&yfjzpfonf/ 
 ]]otmvD u f } } [mAD&m0D&Sdonfjzpfap r&Sdonfjzpfap pe'fygaom 
 
 ['Dqfukdom pkaqmif;onf/ 
 ]]ap,&f } } wref a wmf j rwf \ uk d , f u sih f w &m;ES i h f *sd [ m'f u k d o m 
 
 azmfjyaomusrf; tv’m[fr[f0gud'D(206) tdAfEGvfa*smifZD (597) 
 ]]ukokaArGzf&'[f}} &[frof? at,m'of acgif;pOf wpfckwnf;ESihf 
 
 oufqkdifaom ['D;qfukdom wifjyjcif; rko0god&f['Dqfom wifjyjcif;? 
 rko0god&[f ['Dqf(17)apmif&Sdonf/ tqihfjrihf &m0Du oufi,f&m0DrS 
 
 qihfjyefonhf &d0g,ofom pkaqmif;aomusrf; (5)apmif&Sd onf/ Oyrm 
 &d0g,ofoGpfqG[mA[f tedofomAdtD;ef coGDAfb*f'g'D(463) 
 
 ]]t[m'Dapemapc[f}} ,cifynwfcsufukd &yfqkdif;apaom ['D;qfrsm; 
 (10)apmif &Sdonf/ ½IdifAmeD(301)uG,fvGef tblbu&f[rf'geD(584)uG,fvGef 
 
 ]]tofo&m*sifrf}} ['D;qftoD;oD;\ wpfcw k nf;aom pe'fudk wpfcef;wGif 
 pkaygif; xm;jcif;? Oyrm tdrmrfrmvpfufu emzdtfrS ¤if;u tdAfEktkr&frS[laom 
 ['Dqfukd wpfae&mwGif pkaqmif;NyD; tjcm;pe'f ['D;qfukd oD;jcm;azmfjyjcif;/ 
 
 ]]tvf0[f'gef}} ['D;qfwpfy'k o f m qihjf yefaom &m0Drsm;ukd pkaqmif;jcif;/ 
 
 ]]tvft&fAtDemof}} ['D;qfaygif;(40)aom wifjyaomusrf;? Oyrm 
 td A f E k r k A m&yf u f ? tvf t &f A tD ; ef a ygif ; (172)ud k u&S f z G Z f Z k E l e f w G i f 
 
 [m*sD c vD z [f(1004)uG ,f
v Gef wif jyonf / 
 ]]tvftZfum&f}} 'kdtmZduf&fukd wifjyaomusrf; Oyrm [dpGfae[pGD;ef 
 

 75
 
 
 tdrmrf*sZf&D? tdrmrfe00D/ 
 ]]udomAGvfrpGm[pfzf}} uk&t f mefuwifjyaom taMumif;uko d m azmfjyjcif;? 
 
 tdrmrf tAl'g0l'f\ udomAGvfrpGm[dzf/ 
 ]]tvfrkpvfpvmof}} wrefawmfjrwfu ['D;qftpü pmvkH;wpfvkH;ukd 
 
 wifjyjcif;? Oyrm e&Sf['kd? ['D;qf>rufMum;csdef NyHK;aejcif;? rkwfqdwfawmfukd 
 zD;oyfaejcif; ponhf oD;jcm; vky&f yf? oD;jcm;pum;uko d m pkaqmif;aom ['Dqu f dk 
 rkpvfpvf[kac:onf/ 
 
 Oyrm tajctae[loa&GU t&Sihfvufawmf0,f&SdaMumif; ['D;qfukd 
 
 >rufMum;csdef yokdif; arT;ukd yGwfoyfaeonf/ þokdYusrf;rsm; (400)&Sdonf/ 
 Oyrm tAltAf'v G ’m[f&rS pf 'G 'f ;D ef rk[r®'f tdAEf o G o f idk ,
f pfAf rmvdu(D 117)uG,v f eG f 
 
 pe'f&Snf^wkdjcif;usrf;(10)rsKd; 
 
 ]]0[f ' geD , mof } } wref awmf jrwf E Si hf usrf ;&S if &m0D t Mum; qih fjyefo l 
 wpf O D ; om&S d j cif ; ? Oyrm tAl [ eD z [f td r mrf B uD ; \ 0[f ' geD , mof u k d 
 
 tv’m[fr[foGAf&D&SmzdtDu pkaqmif;onf/ 
 ]]pkemtD,mof}} &m0DESpfOD;omjcm;aom ['D;qfrsm; Oyrm rktofoGm 
 
 ]]pk v mpD , mof } } &m0D o k H ; OD ; omjcm;aom ['D ; qf r sm; Oyrm 
 ryfpfe'ft[fr'fwGif (337)? ryfpfe'ftAf'fwGif (52)? Akcg&DwGif (22)? 'g&drDwGif 
 
 (15)? td A fEkrm*s[f w Gif (5)? od & fr dZ Dw Gif(1)? 
 ]]½k A mtD , mof } } &m0D(4)yg;jcm;onhf ['D;qfrsm; Oyrm epmtDwGif 
 
 (303) od & f r d Z D w G i f (17) þok d Y y if &m0D q ,f q uf t xd j cm;aom 
 usrf;aygif;(30)&SdaMumif; od&onf/ 
 
 rS w f c suf / / usrf;tzkHzkHazmfjy&mwGif 
 wcgw&Husrf;trnfukdaomfvnf;aumif;? wcgw&H 
 
 usrf;&S i t
f rnf u o
d k maomf v nf ;aumif ;? wcgw&H uG , v
f e
G E
f p
S u
f y
d k g wGí
J aomf v nf ; 
 aumif;? a&;xm;onf/ 
 
 &m0Dig;rsKd; 
 
 (1) rSwfÓmPfxufonf/ &m0Dq&mawmftyg;wGif tcsdefrsm;pGm cpm;onf/ 
 

 76
 
 
 (2) rSwfÓmPfxufonf/ q&mawmfteD; umvMum&SnfpGm cpm;cGihfr&cJhay/ 
 (3) rSwfÓmPftm;enf;onf/ okdYaomf q&mawmfteD;MumjrihfpGmaecJhonf/ 
 
 (4) rSwfÓmPfenf;onf/ rsm;pGmcpm;cGihfvnf;r&cJhay/ 
 
 (5) ZtDzf &m0D 
 
 pG[D[fESifU ZtDzf&d0g,ofukd tokH;jyKykH 
 wcgw&H &d 0 g,of w pf y k ' f o nf td r mrf B uD ; xH pG [ D [ f p e'f j zih f 
 
 a&mufvmonf/ aemuf ykdif; &m0Drsm;teuf wpfOD;OD;xH ZtDzfjzpfoGm;vsif 
 aemufykdif; rk['f'dpfrsm;u ,if;&d0g,ofukd ZtDzf[kazmfjyonf/ xkdYaMumihf 
 
 aemuf yi
d k ;
f rk
[ 'f
' p
d t
f qku
d d k td
r mrfBuD ; tay:rok ;
H Ek
i
d y
f g/ aemuf yk
i
d ;
f ZtDz j
f zpf onf u d k 
 ,cifuvnf; ZtDzfyifjzpfaMumif; rqkdEkdifyg/ 
 
 þpG [ D [ f x uf c k d i f v k H a om tjcm;pG [ D [ f a Mumih f a omf v nf ; aumif ; ? 
 ¤if;pG[D[fonf tm,ofukd qefYusifaeíaomfvnf;aumif;? tqkdyg pG[D[fukd 
 vTw&f onfvnf;&So d nf/ 
 
 ZtDz&f m0Donf tpOftNrJ ZtDzu f odk m rqihjf yefyg/ wdusaom &d0g,ofEiS fh 
 ukdufnD aom tjcm;ckdifvkHonf taxmuftxm;&vsif ZtDzf&m0D\tqkdukd 
 
 OD;pm;ay;í pG[D[fukd vTwf &onfvnf; &Sdonf/ 
 
 ['D ; qf Z tD z f j zpf a pumrl zuD [ f t qih f & S d pG [ mAD omAd t D w k d Y u 
 ,if;ZtDzftwkdif; trvf vkyfMuvsif ZtDzfonfvnf; om"uckdifvkHonf/ 
 
 om"uckid v f aHk om &d0g,ofEpS cf t k Mum; qefu Y siaf evsif zuD[rf [ k 'f'pd o f nf 
 pe'f ck d i f v k H a om ['D q f u k d a &G ; cs,f o nf / ok d Y a omf td r mrf B uD ; onf 
 tm,ofuadk omfvnf;aumif;? &S&t f D tqih j
f rih
f pnf ; rs O;
f ESi f h uk
u
d n
f a
D om &d 0g,of u d k 
 
 ZtDzfjzpfapumrl vufcHayonf/ 
 tdAfEkrkAm&yfufu oifMum;onfrSm tdrmrfBuD;onf rdrdtBuHjzihf 
 
 rqk ;
H jzwf yg/ ['D ; qf \ tus,f u o
d k m wif jyaMumif ; ajymqk M
d u[k rd e a
Y f vonf / 
 
 tdrfa&SYrif;om;\ wefjyefajzMum;csuf 
 
 tAÁ m pD r if ; om;rsm;onf tjcm;bmom&yf u k d oif M um;MuouJ h o k d Y 
 zdu[f[ezDuv dk nf; *½kwpku d qf nf;yl;Mu\/ rmrleo f nf rdrzd cifcvDz[fjzpfpOfu 
 

 77
 
 
 ckd&mpmef\ bk&ifcHjzpfcJhonf/ 
 e'G&fOD;aqmifaom tkyfpkwpfpkonf [ezDzdu[fukd vufrcHMuay/ 
 
 rmrlex f w H iG f [ezD ynm&Sirf sm;\ tqihu f dk avQmch svadk omtm;jzihf bk&ifcrH mrlex f H
 ,if;tkyfpkrSm a&muf&SdvmMu\/ 
 
 rmrlefu ¤if;wkdYbufvSnhfí [ezDrsm;ukd rsufrkef;usKd;&aomtaMumif;ukd 
 ar;jref;&m t[fr'ftdAfEkZk[kdif&fu ¤if;wkdY\ rpmtdvfwGif udomAGv’m[fESihf 
 pGEéao&plvv’m[fudk qefu Y sif aeygonf/ [ezDtmvifrw f pfO;D u tdrmrfBuD;\ 
 
 ryfpftv[fwpf&yfukd wifjy&m tdAfEkZk[kdif&fu Munhfyg/ 'Dryfpftv[f&JU 
 qefYusifbuf uk&ftmef tm,of? ['Dqf&Sdaeygvsuf tdrmrfBuD;u olUoabmeJY 
 
 zof 0 gxk w f
x m;ygw,f [ k wif jy\/ 
 xkdtcg bk&ifcHrmrlefuyif tdrmrfBuD;\ rpmtdvfukd axmufcHaom 
 
 uk&ftmef ['Dqf \ om"ursm;pGmukd &Sif;jyvkduf&m tm;vkH;wtHhwMojzpfum 
 EIwfydwfoGm;Muonf/ 
 
 rS w f x m;Muyg [ezD o nf uk & f t mef [ 'D ; qf E S i h f ruk d u f n D c J h a omf 
 Oya'tajccH t aejzih f [ezD u k d vk H ; 0vuf c H r nf r [k w f a y/ aemif u k d 
 
 'Du dp öESi hfy wf o uf NyD; twih fr&JMuES ihf/ e'G & fo m 'D ae&mrSmr&S d&if toif w kdYu kd 
 rSwfom;avmufatmif 'Pfcwfygw,f[k ajymMum;avonf/ 
 
 
 
 tdrmrfBuD; jzwfoef;cJU&aom EkdifiHa&;acwf 
 
 tkrd 0D rif;qufrS (129 rS 132) ,ZD;'ftAd Ef [ k Ak idk &f [f tAÁmpDrif;rsm;acwfrS 
 (131 rS 136) tAlrGpfvifrf ckd&mpmeDESihf cvDz[f tAl*stfz&frefpl&fwkdYu 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;tm; Budrf'Pfrsm;pGm ½kdufcJhonf/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf ESpfaygif;(30)wkdif [ezDzdu[f txufpnf;okdY &&SdrI 
 
 t&nf t csif ; &S d wynh f r sm; aemif wpf c sd e f w G i f xif & S m ;atmif j rif v mrI 
 [ezDryfZ[ f Afonfom vufawGUusiho f ;Hk &ef vrf;pyGiv fh mrI rsm;twGuf tcsde, f l
 
 BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhonf/ xkdYaemufwGifrS bk&ifha&SU trSefw&m;xkwfazmfum 
 &S[D'ftqihfukd qGwfcl;vkdufonf/ tdrmrfBuD;onf rGpfvifrfrsm; tusKd;twGuf 
 tcGit fh a&;ukd tepfemcHco hJ nf/ aemufq;Hk vltrsm;yifru bk&ifEiS t fh EG,rf sm;yif 
 

 78
 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;tm; *kPaf y;vmMuonf/ tcuftcJtMuyftwnf;rsm;wGif tdrmrfBuD;ukd 
 a&SUwef; wifcJhonf/ tdrmrfBuD;\ wpfukd,f&nfpGrf;aqmifrIukd tjcm;olrsm; 
 erlemr,lEkdif/ rvkyfaqmifEkdif cJhay/ wpfzufwGif t[favAkdifofwkdYu refpl&fukd 
 
 qef u
Y sifu m awmf v e
S a
f &;vk y c
f o
h J nf td r mrf
B uD; onf trS
e w
f &m;twGu f EI w t
f m;? 
 aiGtm;ukd ok;H cJah omfvnf; cE¨muk, fh uG yg0ifcjhJ cif;r&Sad y/ þonfaMumihyf if 
d Ef iS w
 
 tqdyfauR;onhf 'Pfcwfjcif; cHcJh&onf/ 
 
 qG[mA[frsm;\ &d0g,of qifUjyefrIenf;&jcif;taMumif; 
 [Z&of tvDonf eAl0of\ yxrESpfwGif tpövmrfvufcHonf/ 
 
 (24)ESpw f idk f wrefawmf jrwfEiS fh twlaecJah omfvnf; &d0g,ofaygif; (586)ckom 
 qihfjyefonf/ 
 
 tAf'v G ’m[fAiferf yfpt f ;l 'fonf (22)ESpw f idk f wrefawmfjrwf\ twGi;f a&; 
 yk*d¾Kvftjzpf ESihf aexkdifcJhonf/ ¤if;\ &d0g,ofrsm;um; (848)ckom &Sdonf/ 
 
 [Z&of tkr&fonf (6)ckESpfrS tpövmrfvufcHonf/ 
 aoqkH;uG,fvGefcsdeftxd twl vufwGJcJhonf/ &d0g,ofaygif; (545)ckom 
 
 qihfjyefonf/ 
 qG[mA[frsm;\ tavhtxrSm ['Dqfynmukd tajccHNyD; rpmtdvf 
 
 zof 0 gyk H p H E S i h f vl t rsm; uk d tod a y;avh & S d o nf / td r mrf B uD ; onf v nf ; 
 xkdenf;vrf;ukdyif usihfokH;onf/ 
 
 qG[mA[f odef;ausmfwkdY\ ynmonf [Z&of tkr&f? [Z&oftvD? 
 [Z&of tdAEf k ryfpt f 'l ?f Zkid 'f Af ifepf mApfo?f tAl'&f'gESifh [Z&of tkAidk , f w Ydk ay: 
f t
 
 rlwnfonf/ 
 q&mhq&m tpfAf&m[DrfectDonf rdrdzdu[ftwGuf [Z&oftvDESihf 
 
 tdAfEkryfpftl'f wkdY\ ynmukd tajccHonf tdrmrfBuD;onf tdrmrfectDESihf 
 ulz[f&Sdynm&Sifrsm;\ ynmukd tajccHonf/ 
 
 rSwfcsuf qG[mA[frsm;onf ['Dqq f ihjf yef&mwGif tvGeq f ifjcifMuojzihf 
 ['Dqf\ tvkdoabmukd ryfpftv[ftoGifjzihf wifjyavh&Sdonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfrk[r®'f i,f&G,fpOfu 
 
 

 79
 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;onf vlrr,frk[r®'ftm; rdrdaemufausmbufwGifxm;í 
 ynmoifay;cJh onf/ yokid ;f arT;raygufao;aom oli,fEiS fh pyfvsO;f í oyfu0f gt& 
 tdrmrfBuD; usihfokH;aom rlwpf&yfjzpfonf/ wpfaeY ¤if;vlysKdjzpfaMumif;ukd 
 
 ryf pft v[f w pf& yfar;í þok dYazmfjyonf / 
 touf(14)ESpf jynhfvmaomtcg tdrmrfBuD;xHcpm;í ar;jref;onfrSm 
 
 vlwpfa,muf td&SmermZfzwfNyD; tdyf,m0ifygonf/ tdyf,mrSEkd;vmawmh 
 tJ[fodvmrfjzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/ ¤if;rSm nuzwfcJhaom td&SmermZfukd 
 
 wzef jyefzwf&rnfvm;/ 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ¤if;rSm td&Smjyefzwf&rnf[k ajzMum;onfESihf tjyifxGufí 
 
 0kZl
j yKum AvD \ axmihf
w pf
a e&mwG if ermZf
j yefzwf a vonf / 
 td r mrf B uD ; onf ¤if ; \tajrmf t jrif ar;jref ; rI p epf u syk H E S i h f 
 
 ermZfaqmufwnfykHwkdYukd Munhfí þvli,fonf wpfaeYtifef&Smtv’m[f 
 atmifjrifwkd;wufayrnf[k rdefYavonf/ td&Smtcsdef rukefrD Amvpf*fjzpfoGm;í 
 
 txufygtwkdif; ajzMum;ojzihf ermZfukd jyefzwfavonf/ 
 
 a&mif;0,fpepfukd ajz&Sif;ay;ykH 
 a&mif;olu ]]toif0,f,laeaom ypönf;onf 
 
 tjypftemqmtay:vmygu uRefawmf ESihfroufqkdifyg 'gawmif0,fvkdu 
 0,fEkdifygw,f}}[k ajym\/ xkdYaemuf ,if;0,fjcrf;ypönf;wGif tjypftemtqm 
 
 xif&Sm;ygu 0,folrSm ypönf;ukd a&mif;oltm; jyefvnfay;cGihf&Sdygovm;[k 
 ar;jref;&m tdrmrfBuD;u a&mif;olu aMujimNyD; a&mif;cscJhojzihf 0,fNyD;ypönf;ukd 
 jyefvufc, H l &ef a&mif;olrmS wm0efr&Syd g[k ajz\/ xkt d cg umZDtAd Ef t f mu 
k ADvidk v
 
 a&mif ; uk e f y pö n f ; ay: wG i f vuf w if í þonf t jypf t emtqm&S d y gonf [ k 
 owfrw f rajymorQ ¤if;\EIwrf S rouf qkid af Mumif; aMujimonfrmS rvkaH vmuf 
S í
 rjynhfpkHyg/ 
 
 cvDz[f refp&l u f ¤if;wkEYd pS Of ;D \ qk;H jzwfcsufudk em;axmifae\/ xkt d cg 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u *kPt f oa&&Sd trsKd;orD;onf rdru d Refudk a&mif;csvko
d nf/ okaYd omf 
 ¤if;\ twGif;t*FgZwfwGif c½koif;a&m*g&Sdaeonf/ okdYqkdvsif xkdtrsKd;orD;u 
 ,if;ypön;f tay: vufwifí 0,fot l m; axmufjyNyD; today;&rSmvm;[k ar;&m 
 
 

 80
 
 
 umZDu rSefygw,f/ 'Dtwkdif;ygbJ[kqkdojzihf umZD tay: cvDz[frSm 
 tvGefa'goxGufonhftjyif y&dowfonfyif ¤if;ESihfpyfvsOf;í txiftjrif 
 ao;oGm;avonf/ 
 
 tdrmrftAl,lpGzf aemufqkH;ynmykdYcsykH 
 
 tpfAf&m[DrftdAfEGvf*s&f&m[f wifjyonf 
 
 td r mrf t Al, p
l z
G a
f exd i
k r
f aumif ;ojzih f td , m'of owif ; ar;oG m ;cJ
&
h m tdrmrfq yf
r m
S 
 owdvpfae\/ owd0ifvmaomtcg tkt d pfA&f m[Drf &rDaygufwehJ nf; tjrwfq;Hk ukd 
 odygovm;/ ajcvsifvm; tpD;teif;eJYvm;/ 
 
 ¤if;uajcvsifyg[k ajz&m tdrmrfu rSm;onf/ wzef tpD;teif;eJ[ Y ak jz&m 
 tdrmrfu rSm;onf[ak jzonf/ tMuifol 'kt d mtwGuf qkid ;f iHv h v dk sif taumif;qk;H u 
 
 ajcvsi?f rqkid ;f iHh vkyd gu tpD;teif;ay:xkid v f suf &rDaygufí a&SUqufomG ;&rnf[k 
 ajzonf/ 
 
 wH c g;0rS jyef x G u f v monf E S i h f w Nyd K if e uf ik d o H r sm;xG u f v monf / 
 tdrmrftAl,lpGzf uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&onf/ 
 
 td r mrf r k[ r® ' f\ ajzMum;csuf 
 
 cvDz[f [m½lef&&SD'f<uvmonfESihf y&dowftm;vkH; 
 rwfwwf&yfMuaomfvnf; tdrmrf rk[r®'fu rwfwwfr&yfcJh cvDz[fxH 
 
 q i h f a c : j c i f ; c H & o j z i h f t m ; v k H ; x d w f v e f Y o G m ; M u \ / t b , f 
 aMumihfrwfwwfr&yfovJ[k ar;&m tdrmrfrk[r®'fu cvDz[fBuD; uRefawmfhtm; 
 
 owfrSwfxm; onhftkyfpkrS tjcm;tkyfpkokdY ul;ajymif;oGm;&rSmukd aumif;onf[k 
 rxifrSwfyg/ cvDz[fBuD; onf uRefawmfhukd ynm&Sifrsm; tkyfpkwGif 
 xnhfoGif;xm;&mrS cvDz[f&JU trIxrf; tusKd;aqmif tkyfpkwGif ryg0ifvkdyg/ 
 
 xkjYd yif wrefawmfjrwfu rdrt d wGuf *kPaf y;aomtm;jzihf rwfrwf&yfap vko d o l nf 
 rdr\ d Xmeukd *s[Eérw f iG f owfrw S af vmh[k rdeaYf wmfro l nf/ cvDz[fu ¤if;\wifjy 
 
 &Sif;jyykHukd auseyfoabmwlvkdufonf/ 
 
 vlowfvkdol uRefcHvkdufjcif; 
 cg&d * sD t k y f p k ta,muf ( 70)wk d Y o nf td r mrf B uD ; xH a&muf v mí 
 
 

 81
 
 
 "g;rsm;qGJxkwfvkdufMuNyD; toifonf uAD&[f*kdem[fusL;vGefolukd umzd&f[k 
 vuf r cH o jzih f toih f u k d owf y pf & rnf [ k ajymMuonf / td r mrf B uD ; u 
 acgif;at;at;xm;NyD; pum;ajymMuyg/ tu,fí usKyfom rSm;aer Sawmh 
 
 owf Muaygh / ,ck " g;uk d "g;td rfx J oG i f;xm;ygtk H;/ 
 cg&d*sDrsm;u toifhukd usKyfwkdY"g;jzihf aoG;acsmif;pD;atmif owf&r,f/ 
 
 usKyfwkdYtuD'[f t& þokdY pD&ifjcif;jzihf *sd[m'faygif; (70)xGufonfxuf 
 ykdjrwfygw,f[k ajymaeMuonf/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u ar;csifwmar;yg cg&d*sDu tjyifrmS *semZ[fEpS cf ck sxm;w,f/ 
 wpfOD;u trsKd;om; t&ufaomufaevsuf aoqkH;oGm;w,f/ aemufwpfOD;u 
 
 trsKd ; orD ; uk d
, f0 efa qmif jzpf y gvsuf aoaMumif ;BuH pnf í aoqk H;oG m ;w,f / 
 olwkdYESpfOD;ESihf ywfoufNyD; b,fvkdoabm xm;ovJ? tdrmrfBuD;onf 
 wkefvIyfacsmufjcm;rIr&Sd? todonfvnf; vGihfysHjcif;r&SdbJ at;aq; pGm 
 
 ar;jref ;onf rm
S ol w E
Y d k p
S O
f ;
D onf ,[l ' ?
D eyf p&
f G meD ok r
Y d [kw f r*sLpD v m; ¤if ;wku Y d 
 ,[l'D vnf; r[kwf? eyfpGf&meDvnf; r[kwf? r*sLpDvnf;r[kwfyg/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u 'gjzihf ¤if;wkdYu b,f'D;efeJY ywfoufovJ ¤if;wkdYu 
 uvdr[f&S[m'of zwfí 0efcHxm;Muojzihf ,if;eJYom ywfoufygw,f/ 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;u olwzYdk wfxm;wJh uvdr[fu tDrmef&UJ b,ftpdwt f ykid ;f vJ 
 wpf0uf vm;? (4)csKd; (1)csKd;vm;? (3)ykH (1)ykHvm;? cg&d*sDu 'guawmh 
 
 tD r mef & JU tpd w ft yk di f;tm;vk H; ygbJ tDr mef u kd pdw fj zmvk dYr&ygbl ; / 
 td r mrf B uD ; u tD r mef u k d pd w f j zmvk d Y r & ol w k d Y u xk d u vd r [f u k d 
 
 &Gwfzwf0efcHolrsm;qkd awmh rGwfpfvifrfrsm;&JU *semZ[fjzpfrvm;? umzd&frsm;&JU 
 *semZ[fjzpfrvm;/ 
 
 cg&d*srD sm;u acgif;½Iwv f mawmh 'gukx d m;vku d yf g/ aemufwpfceG ;f ar;vkw d mu 
 olwYdk ESpOf ;D onf *sEéov D m; *s[Eérv D m;/ tdrmrfBuD;u 'Dtajzukad wmh eADrsm;&JU 
 
 erl e m uk & ft mef r Sm &S dw muk db J azmf j ycsif w ,f / Oyrm wref awmf tpf Af& m[D rfu 
 uRefawmfhaemufvkdufcHolrSm uRefawmfhbufom;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhtrdefYukd 
 zDqefou l awmh t&Sijf rwfom cGiv fh w T íf Muifemawmfral om t&Sijf zpfawmfro l nf/ 
 
 wref awmf t q
D mu tu,f í t&S i j
f rwf ¤if
; wk u
Y d d k tZmAf a y;vk v
d sif t&S i j
f rwf \ 
 AE´[frsm;omjzpfayonf/ 
 

 82
 
 
 tdrmrfBuD;xHrS þokdYckdifrmaom taxmuftxm;rsm;ukd Mum;&aomtcg 
 ,lBuHK;r&jzpf um "g;rsm;ukd "g;tdrfxJxnhfí t[favpGEéof0vf*srmtof\ 
 tuD'[fukd cH,lvsuf tdrmrf BuD;\ uReftjzpfukd cH,lvkdufonf/ 
 
 wynfUESpfOD;twGuf epGD[of rSmwrf;pum; 
 
 tkyfcsKyfolrsm;ESihf ywfoufí vuf&SdtkyfcsKyfolukd av;pm;yg/ ¤if;wkdY\ 
 
 tqih ftwef ; uk d *½k jyKyg/ ¤if ;wk dYa&SU0,f txl ; ojzih f rko m;pum; ajymqk dr Iu kd 
 a&Smifyg/ tcsdef&Sdoa&GU ¤if;wkdY teD; rxkdifESihf/ tdvfrfaMumihf rvTJomonhftcg 
 taMumif;r[kwyf g/ ¤if;wkEYd iS fh xyfzefwvJvJ awGUqkrH rI sm;vm&if odum© edru fh sonhf 
 
 tjrifjzihf toifhtm;jrifawGUMunhf½Irnf/ toifh&JU odu©musqif;oGm;rnf/ 
 rD;ESiq fh ufqo H nhyf rm qufqyH g/ rD;rStusK;d vnf;&,lonf/ a0;a0; vnf;aeonf/ 
 
 teD;okdY rcsOf;uyfay/ ¤if;wkdYonf rdrdtwGuf axmufxm;ouJhokdY tjcm;olrsm; 
 eJY þokdYraxmufxm;yg/ 
 
 ¤if;\teD;tyg;wGif pum;pjrnfrrsm;ESihf 
 ¤if;wko Yd nfrrd v d ufatmufom;a&SUrSm toihx f ufynm&Sad Mumif;jyo&ef toihu f dk 
 ta&;,lvdrhfrnf/ eef;wGif;om;a&SUrSm toifhukd ao;odrfESdrfhcs&eftvkdYiSm 
 
 ppf a q;vd r h f r nf / 
 toifESihftjcm;olrsm;\ tqihftwef;rsm; odomap&ef ¤if;\xHwGif 
 
 owdBuD;pGm aqmif&u G yf g/ oabmu ¤if;wkt Yd qiht f wef;tvku d f qufqw H wf&r,f/ 

 bk&ifrif;teD;wGif tjcm;ynm&Sirf sm; &Sad ecsdew f iG f bk&ihx f H rcpm;avESi/fh  
 tu,fí toih&f UJ ynma&;edru hf sygvsuf ¤if;wkt Yd ay: jrihpf iG v fh ydk gu toiht f zkYd 
 tEÅ&m,fusa&mufp&m taMumif;&Sdrnf/ tu,fí toihf&JUtdvfrfu ¤if;wkdY&JU 
 
 td v r
f xf ufy í
d k rs m ;aeaomf ud
p w
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w
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i f h pyf
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f armif ;rd
v sif 
 toifonf bk&ihftjrifwGif usqif;oGm;ayrnf/ 
 
 toifESihf toihfvrf;pOftm;jzihf ¤if;updwfcsonf/ qkH;jzwf&mwGif 
 tjcm;vrf;pOftay: trvfrvkyfaMumif; odrSomvsif ¤if;vTJtyfonhf wm0efukd 
 
 xrf;aqmifEkdifonf/ 
 bk&ihfteD;&Sdolrsm;ESihf w&if;wESD; tquftoG,frxm;ESihf/ bk&ifESihfom 
 
 qufoG,fyg/ 'grS toihf*kPfodu©mwnfwefYaernf/ 
 

 83
 
 
 tdrfaxmifa&; 
 
 obm0tavsmuf vk d t yf c sd e f u svmaomtcg tenf ; i,f 
 pum;ajymjcif;rSwpfyg; rdrd tdro f El iS t
fh wl tdy, f mcif;ay:wGirf sm;pGm pum;rajymESi/fh 
 
 rdrZd eD;ESitfh wl tvGet f uRHy;l wGí J raeESi/fh olrxHcsOf;uyf ES;D aESm&ef&v dS sif 
 Zduf&fESihf wuG oGm;yg/ 
 
 ZeD ; tm; tjcm; uRef , rES i h f trsKd ; orD ; rsm; taMumif ; rajymES i h f / 
 þok d Y a jymvsif toif ES i h f ol r pum;ajymwJ h t cg twih f & J v mrnf / 
 
 t&Sufuif;rJhvmr,f/ rsm;rMumrD olrvnf; tjcm; trsKd;om;rsm;taMumif; 
 ajymvmvdrhfr,f/ 
 
 oGvmufay;jcif;cH&wJh trsK;d orD;? yxr vifa,musmf ;ESi&fh cJw h hJ trsK;d orD;ESifh 
 edum[f rjyKESihf/ okdYaomf ¤if;&JUrdbaqGrsKd;rsm; rdrdxHrvm&ef pnf;urf;csuf 
 owfrSwf&rnf/ 
 
 trsKd;orD;onf <u,f0oljzpfvsif ¤if;zcifu olrxH&SdorQonf 
 
 usKyfzcifykdifjzpfw,f/ olrxH ,m,Dtm;jzihf tyfESHxm;ygaMumif; ajymvdrhfr,f/ 
 'kw, d pnf;urf;u twwfEidk q f ;Hk toifr zcifxrH oGm;&yg/ tu,fí 
 
 edum[fjzpf vsif ¤if;\ rdbtdrrf mS tcef;rtyf&yg/ okq Yd v dk sif toihyf pön;f rsm;ukd 
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u v
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 jrwfEkd;ayonf/ 
 
 ZeD;ESpfa,mufukd wpfae&mwnf;pkaygif;rxm;ESihf/ tdrfaxmifa&; 
 
 vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd rjznhfpnf;Ekdifao;oa&GU edum[frjyKESihf/ 
 
 vlrIa&; xlaxmifrI 
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 
 vl x k E S i h f uk e f o nf r sm;ES i h f t wl td v f r f y nma&; u@rS t y 
 tjcm;pum;rajymESi/fh okrYd S toifu ¤if;wku Y d d k cspf
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; wm Opöm ypö n ;
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 rlwnfxm;jcif;r&Sad Mumif; odomapr,f/ þokYd omoemhynma&;pum;rajymygu 
 

 84
 
 
 ¤if;wkdYtoihftay: oHo,jzpfvmr,f/ ¤if;wkdYxHrS wHqkd;vufaqmif&vkdaMumif; 
 awG;awmvmr,f/ 
 
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 
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 ok&Yd mwGif uav;i,feYJ pum;ajymwm ¤if;wkaYd cgif;ay: w,kw,eJY vufoyfay;wm 
 taMumif;r[kwfyg/ 
 
 ouf&, G Bf uD;wJh vltrsm;eJY vrf;us,rf mS ravQmufe/YJ ¤if;ukd uk, d af &SUxm;&if 
 
 td v f r f &J U od u © m us&vd r h f r ,f / uk d , h f a emuf x m;avQmuf j yef a wmh v nf ; 
 ouf&G,fBuD;olrkdY tjypfqkdzG,f jzpfw,f/ 
 
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 aps;rSm rpm;aomufeJY/ 
 
 vltrsm;aomufwJh a&rS ,lraomufeJY/ 
 
 ykd;xnfESihf vSy0wfpkHrqifeJY/ b0ifjrihfp&m taMumif;jzpfEkdifw,f/ 
 
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 
 ynm&Smaeonhftcg pD;yGm;&Sm&if ynma&; ,kwfavsmhoGm;r,f/ aiGaMu;jzihf 
 uRef? uRefrukd 0,fcsifr,f/ ynmrjynhf rD pnf;pdrf&pfzkdY trsKd;orD;eJY aysmfyg;zkdY 
 
 okH;pGJvmr,f/ tcsdefNzHK;wD;&ma&mufr,f/ om;orD;ayg rsm;vmr,f/ ¤if;wkdY&JU 
 vkdtyfcsufrsm; jznhfpnf;vsuf qif;&Jvmr,f/ 'geJY ynmqnf;yl;zkdY t[efY 
 twm;jzpfvmr,f/ 
 
 EkysKcd sed rf mS avmuDa&; ½Iwaf xG;rIrsm;r&Srd D ynm&Smyg/ xkaYd emuf pD;yGm;&Smyg/ 
 'grS vuf0,fykdifqkdifcGihf&Sdr,f/ ypönf;ykdifqkdifNyD;umrS tdrfaxmifa&;xlaxmifyg/ 
 
 t&S i f j rwf u k d aMumuf & G H U jcif ; ? trmeof a y;qyf j cif ; tm;vk H ; uk d 
 
 rjcm;rem;aumif;usKd; jyKjcif;ukd owdxm;yg/ rnfolYukdrQ wefaMu;usatmif 
 rjyKESihf/ rdrdukd wefzkd;xm;yg/ ¤if;wkdYukd vnf; *kPfjyKyg/ &if;ESD;rIr&rD 
 tquftoG,frrsm;ESihf/ rpmtdvf taMumif;jzihf ¤if;ukd tquf rxm;eJY/ 
 
 

 85
 
 
 a&SUa&mufvmvkdY tajzay;Ekdif&if tajzay;vdrhfr,f/ 
 'D ; ef E S i h f y wf o uf N yD ; jiif ; ck H z G , f & mrS a&S m if & S m ;yg/ 'grS 
 
 ¤if ; wk d Y t oih f a emuf v k d u f j yKMur,f / toif u tuD ' [f e J Y ywf o uf N yD ; 
 om"ujyonfrsm;ukd ¤if;wkdYESvkH;oGif;Mur,f/ 
 
 wpkw H &mar;jref;vmvsif ar;cGe;f &JU tajzomajymyg/ rdrb d ufrS rwk;d csUJ ESi/fh 
 &Snfvsm; aom tajzonf ¤if;tzkdY ½IwfaxG;p&m taMumif;&SdEkdifw,f/ 
 
 ynma&;ykdYcsjzefYcsda&;ukd b,faomtcgrS vufrvTwfESihf/ (10)ESpfwkdif 
 0rf;pma&;r&Sd/ pD;yGm;vnf; r&SmEkdifonfjzpfap? ¤if;rS rsufESmrvTJESihf/ þokdY 
 
 rsufESmvTJvkduf&if toifhoufwrf; onf ykdí usyfwnf;oGm;ayrnf/ 
 rdrxd H zdu[fqnf;yl;olrsm;tay: om;tzcsif;qufqo H nhyf rm *½kpu dk yf g/ 
 
 okdYrS ¤if;rSm tdvfrf&JU pGJvef;rIrsm; wkd;yGm;aernf/ 
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 
 taMumif;&Sdr,f/ 
 bk&ifyifjzpfvihfupm; trSefw&m;xkwfazmf&mrSm ¤if;wkdY&JU tqihfjrihf 
 
 &mxl;? *kPfxl; rsm;ukd axmufxm;p&mrvkdyg/ 
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 
 rwif;wdrEf iS /fh tdAm'ofwiG f OD;OD;zsm;zsm;&Syd gap/ vltrsm;u tdAm'ofudk rsm;jym;pGm 
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 
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 
 okdYaomf ¤if;wkdY&JU ynmrJhrIaMumihf tusKd;&SdorQom toifvnf;xkdrQyif 
 &Sdonf[k cH,lMurnf/ 
 
 ½kdaorIpnf;urf; 
 
 tmvif rfr sm; aexk difMuaomNrd KUwGif toifo nf rd rdt zkdY oD ;jcm;yk HpHu kd 
 ra&G;cs,fESihf toifvnf; xkdNrdKUae? vlwef;pm; wpfOD;yrmaexkdifyg/ oabmu 
 
 ¤if;wk&Yd UJ *kPx f ;l eJY uk, d rhf mS bmrSrywf oufaMumif; ,kMH unfvufco H mG ;ap&r,f/ 
 tu,fí ¤if;wk&Yd UJ *kPx d nf[k odomG ;vsif 
f ;l ukd xdyg;p&m taMumif;&So
 
 

 86
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 
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 
 tajctaersKd;rS a&Smif&ygr,f/ 
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 
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 
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 
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 ,k H M unf v mMur,f / 
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