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THE EUROPEAN PETROCHEMICAL ASSOCIATION
This document has been printed and made available by the courtesy of EPCA at the occasion of its 41
st
Annual Meeting
The Role of Clustersin the Chemical Industry
Dr. Christian Ketels, Harvard Business School
 
The Role of Clusters in the Chemical IndustryPage 2 of 55 (c) Christian Ketels, 2007
Photos cover :Top : Large platform, Antwerp, Katoen Natie, © Katoen NatieMiddle : Pipe rack connection, Marl Chemical Park, ChemSite, © ChemSiteBottom : Mid-Europoort cluster, Port of Rotterdam, © Port of Rotterdam
The financial support for this researchby EPCA, the European Petrochemical Association,is gratefully acknowledged
 
The Role of Clusters in the Chemical IndustryPage 3 of 55 (c) Christian Ketels, 2007
Content1. INTRODUCTION 52. THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS IN GLOBAL COMPETITION 7
2.1. Clusters and the microeconomic foundations of competitiveness 82.2. Globalization 112.3. Cluster initiatives 132.4. The emerging agenda for business leaders 16
3. CLUSTERS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 19
3.1. The context for regional clusters in the chemical industry 20
General factors 20Europe-specific factors 21
3.2. Mapping chemical clusters 22
Cluster Mapping 22The chemical cluster category 24Employment 26Exports 37
3.3. Cluster initiatives 45
The chemical industry as a basis for cluster initiatives 45Chemical cluster initiatives in Europe and Asia 47
4. CONCLUSIONS 53
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