Flip Flops

• TI Type 502 Flip Flop: 1st production IC in 1960.

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 Interest
• 1919: W. H. Eccles and F. W. Jordan publish the first
flip-flop circuit design.
• M74HC74AM Fairchild CMOS flip-flop for frequency
manipulation is used in a Smart Card Reader.

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 Logic Circuit Classifications
• Combination Logic Circuits
– Building block is the logic gate.
– Use AND, OR, NOT gates.
• Sequential Logic Circuits
– Building block is the flip flop (FF).
– Used in timing and memory devices.
– Flip Flops are wired to form counters, shift registers,
and various memory devices.

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 R-S Flip Flop
• Logic Symbol Also called:
Wiring Diagram
Set Normal R-S Latch
S Q Set-Reset FF
Input FF Output
Reset Complementary
R Q

• Truth Table Waveform Diagram

Mode of Input Input Output Output Effect Set Reset Hold Set Hold
Operation S R Q Q
1
Input S 0
Prohibited Prohibited
0 0 1 1 Do not use 1
R 0
For setting
Set 0 1 1 0 Q to 1
1
Resetting
Q 0
Reset 1 0 0 1 Q to 0
Output Q 1
0
Depends
Hold 1 1 Q Q Previous
State

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 Clocked R-S Flip Flop
• Logic Symbol Output FF operates
Synchronously Wiring Diagram
Input Output in step with clock.
Set Normal
S FF Q
Clock
CLK
Reset Complementary
R Q

• Truth Table Waveform Diagram

Mode of Input Input Input Output Output Effect
Operati CLK S R Q Q CLK
on
1
Hold No Input S 0
0 0 1 1 Change
1
Reset or
R 0
Reset 0 1 0 1 cleared
to 0 1
Q 0
Set to 1
Set 1 0 1 0
Output Q 1
0
Prohibited Do not
1 1 1 1 use

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 Questions
• Q. What type of waveform is used in flip flops?
• A. Square Waves.
• Q. What does the RS stand for in the RS Flip
Flop?
• A. Reset Set.

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 D Flip Flop
• Logic Symbol Also called:
Delay FF Wiring Diagram
Data FF
Data Normal D-type Latches
D Q
Output ‘Delayed 1
Input FF Clock Pulse’
Clock Complementary
CLK Q

• Truth Table Similar Wiring

Input Input Output Output
CLK D Qn+1 Q
S FF Q D Q

0 0 1
CLK = FF

1 1 0 R Q CLK Q

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• Logic Symbol
7474 D Flip Flop
Preset Note: The asynchronous inputs
Data
D
PS
Q
Normal (PS & CLR) Override the
Input FF Output synchronous inputs (D & CLK) .
Clock CLK Q Complementary
CLR
Clear
• Truth Table

Mode of INPUTS OUTPUTS

Operation Asynchronous Synchronous
PS CLR CLK D Q Q

Asynchronous Set 0 1 X X 1 0
Asynchronous Reset 1 0 X X 0 1
Prohibited 0 0 X X 1 1
Set 1 1 L to H 1 1 0
Reset 1 1 L to H 0 0 1
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 D (Delay) Flip Flop Uses
• Sequential logic devices used in temporary
memory devices.
• Wired together to form shift registers and storage
registers.
• Delays data from reaching output Q one clock
pulse.
• CMOS examples: 74HC74, 74FCT374, 40174
• Over 50 different ICs in FACT CMOS family.

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• Logic Symbol
J-K Flip Flop
Input Output
Data Normal
J FF Q
Clock
CLK
Data Complementary
K Q

• Truth Table

Mode of INPUTS OUTPUTS Effect

Operation
Input Input Input Output Output
CLK J K Q Q
Hold No No No
0 0 Change Change Change

Reset Reset or
0 1 0 1 cleared to 0
Set to 1
Set 1 0 1 0
Changed to
Toggle 1 1 Toggle Toggle Opposite State

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• Logic Symbol 7476 J-K Flip Flop
Preset
Input Output Note: 7476 uses the entire pulse to
Data Normal
J FF Q transfer data from J & K data inputs
Clock
CLK to Q & Q outputs.
Data Complementary
K CLR Q
Clear
• Truth Table

Mode of INPUTS OUTPUTS

Operation Asynchronous Synchronous
PS CLR CLK J K Q Q

Asynchronous Set 0 1 X X X 1 0
Asynchronous Reset 1 0 X X X 0 1
Prohibited 0 0 X X X 1 1
Hold 1 1 0 0 No Change No Change
Reset 1 1 0 1 0 1
Set 1 1 1 0 1 0
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1 Opposite State
 J-K Flip Flop Uses
• Universal Flip Flop. Has all features of other FF.
• When being used only in the toggle mode,
commonly called a T Flip Flop.
• CMOS examples: 74HC76, 74AC109, 4027.
• Most commonly used as counters.

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 Questions
• Q. What circuit can be used to give a clock
signal?
• A. Astable multivibrater.

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 Input
IC Latches Output
Keyboard Display

7 8 9
4 5 6
Encoder 4-Bit Latch Decoder
1 2 3
0

Decimal Binary Decimal

•A device that serves as a temporary buffer memory

is called a latch. An example of a 4-bit latch is the
7475.
•A latch is transparent when the enable input is high,
the normal outputs follow the data in the D inputs.
•One example of flip flops is to latch or hold data.
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 IC Latch Uses
• The latch is the fundamental memory device
used in digital electronics.
• Almost all digital equipment contains simple
memory devices called latches.
• CMOS examples: 4042, 4099, 74HC75
• 4043 is an example of a BCD-7 Segment
latch/decoder/driver chip.

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 CMOS D Flip-Flop Schematic

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 D Flip Flop using Nor gates
What logic gates are more efficient?

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 CMOS D Flip-Flop
• CMOS technology allows a very different
approach to flip-flop design and construction.
Instead of using logic gates to connect the clock
signal to the master and slave sections of the flip-
flop, a CMOS flip-flop uses transmission gates
to control the data connections.

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 Triggering Flip Flops
• The added inverter bubble at the clock input
shows that triggering occurs on the negative
going edge of the clock pulse.
• The J-K master/slave flip flop uses the entire
pulse (positive edge and the negative edge) to
trigger the flip flop.
• Waveform 165.

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 Schmidt Trigger
• Schmidt Trigger Inverter commonly used to
square up input signal. This reshaping of the
waveform is called signal conditioning.

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 IEEE vs. Logical Symbols
• See internet links.

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 Conclusions
• Q. What are some circuit uses for flip flops?
• A. Counters, shift registers, and various memory
devices.

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