Stirling Engines Diy

Stirling Engine Home Page -English-
Welcome to Stirling Engine Home Page
There have been viewers since 5 December 1995.
To Japanese Home Page
Do you know about Stirling Engines?
The Stirling engine was invented in 1816, before the gasoline and Diesel engines. A Stirling engine can use any
type of fuel, as well as solar energy and hot spring heat.
This web site offers Stirling engine information.
Please enjoy these pages.
This page is under construction 5 December 95.
Stirling engines for beginners
The Stirling engine's structure and history are examined in this session.
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/indexe.htm (1 of 4)5/13/2006 5:34:53 PM

View of model Stirling engines
In this session, I am introducing some model Stirling engines.
Let's build model Stirling engines
On this page I offer plans for some easy to build Stirling engines.
Gallery of Stirling engines
On this page I offer pictures of many types of Stirling engines.
Other Stirling engine web sites
Links to other Stirling engine web sites.
Stirling Engine Home Page Academic edition
This web site offers academic information for the Stirling engine.
Information about the Author

Here is information about me and an easy questionaire. Please help me make my web site better.
Stirling Engine Q&A
If you have any questions, opinions or comments about Stirling engines, please come here.
INFORMATION OF 12th ISEC

12th International Stirling Engine Conference
- 12th ISEC -
7-9 September 2005
Durham University, School of Engineering, UK
The 12th ISEC Official Web Site
INFORMATION
The author has published a web site rerated metal workings. Please
come to my web site!
Elementary Knowledge of Metal Workings
WebRing is a means of linking web pages with similar content. You may click on the items below and jump to other Stirling sites.
This Stirling and Hot Air Engine Ring site owned by Koichi Hirata.
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To Bekkoame Home Page
Koichi Hirata
e-mail: khirata@gem.bekkoame.ne.jp (Home)
e-mail: khirata@nmri.go.jp (Office)

Stirling Engines for Beginners -English-
Stirling Engines for Beginners
To Japanese Page
Today we have ecology problems and energy problems. The world needs a clean and environmental
power source. Stirling engines are able to use many kinds of fuel and achieve a high theoretical
efficiency.
How does a Stirling engine work?
Structure of Stirling engines
History of Stirling engines
Go to Stirling Engine Home Page
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/begin.htm [13.03.2007 00:07:00]

To Japanese Page
Step 1 Characteristics of air
Let's fit a rubber to a can like Figure 1. You can understand easily that the rubber expands when the can is
heated (Figure 2), and the rubber contracts when the can is cooled (Figure 3). It is caused that a pressure of
the air in the can works to the rubber when the air is heated, shown in allows of Figure 2. Of course, you
cannot see the pressure by your eyes.
Step 2 What is a displacer piston?
Next, let's put in a piston into the can like Figure 4. A diameter of the piston must be somewhat smaller than
that of the can, because the piston works to move (displace) the air up and down in the can. And, please heat
the bottom side of the can and cool the upper side of the can. After it has enough temperature difference,
move the piston up and down by your hand. When the piston is moved up, the rubber expands because there
is a lot of hot air in the can (Figure 5). It corresponds to Figure 2. When the piston is moved down, the rubber
contracts because there is a lot of cold air in the can. It corresponds to Figure 3.
In the case of the Stirling engine, this piston, which moves (displaces) the air and make the pressure changes
is called a displacer piston.
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Step 3 Crank mechanism ~ from piston motion to rotation ~
Do you understand about the characteristics of the air and the work of the displacer piston? They are very
important to understand how does the Stirling engine work.
First, connect from the piston and a bent wire with a thread like Figure 6. When the bent wire is rotated, the
piston is moved up and down. This is called a crank mechanism.
Please heat the bottom side of the can and cool the upper side of the can, similar to above description. When
your hand rotates the bent wire, the piston is moved up and down, and the rubber expands and contracts
repeatedly (Figure 7).
Step 4 Power piston ~ function of the rubber ~
The Stirling engine converts from the motion of the rubber to the rotation of the bent wire. Please connect
from the rubber to the bent wire with a rod. In this time, a force of the rubber (expansion and contraction) has
to be the direction, which rotates the bent wire. In short, you must bend the bent wire the just right angle (90
degrees) from the piston like Figure 8 and 9.

Step 5 Flywheel ~ for the smooth rotation ~
This engine has not worked yet. If you try to work this engine (Figure 8 and 9), the rubber keeps the most
expansion or contraction. In order to rotate smoothly and repeatedly, you must fit a rotated mass with the bent
wire. It is called a flywheel.
Generally, the flywheel is circular like Figure 10. But at this point, please bend the end of the bent wire, and
fit a mass at the edge of the wire like Figure 11. The mass works as the flywheel and to be balanced to the
weight of the piston. So, you must fit the mass against the piston.
Step 6 It is the Stirling engine
Finally, the Stirling engine is completed.
Do you understand how does the Stirling engine work?

Yes.
No.
I have known the principles before seeing this page.
Do you think that above description is easy to understand?

Yes, it is easy.
No, it is not easy.
If you have any suggestion about this page, please tell me it.
If you can, please tell me your name, e-mail address and country.
Name:
Country:
E-mail address:
Send Cancel
P.S.: When the Stirling engine is understood, it is important that the knowledge of the characteristics of air
(Thermodynamics), the crank mechanism and the flywheel (Mechanics and Mechanical Vibrations). I have
tried to explain about them as simply as possible. Please contact me if you find incomprehensible contents or
any errors, and have any your opinions. I hope that this description becomes more suitable for every young
student. Permission is hereby granted, by author, to print and distribute this description. Thank you.
Koichi Hirata (khirata@gem.bekkoame.ne.jp)
Return to Stirling Engines for Beginners
Koichi Hirata

Structure of Stirling Engines -English-
Structure of Stirling Engines
To Japanese Page
Stirling engines have two pistons that create a 90 degree phase angle and two different temperature
spaces. The working gas in the engine is perfectly sealed, and doesn't go in and out to the atmosphere.
Stirling engines can be classified as two pistons type Stirling engines and displacer type Stirling
engines. The two pistons type Stirling engine consists of two power pistons. The displacer type
Stirling engine consists of one power piston and a displacer piston.
Two pistons type Stirling engine
The two pistons type Stirling engine is

shown in this figure. A space above a
hot piston is always heated by a heat
source. A space above a cold piston is
cooled always.
Please click next buttons and you will

see a operation principle of the two
piston type Stirling engine.
Stillness
Animation
(Netscape2.0 is demanded.)
Displacer type Stirling engine

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/struct.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:21]
Structure of Stirling Engines -English-
The displacer type Stirling engine is

shown in this figure. A space above a
displacer piston is always heated by a
heat source. A space below the
displacer piston is cooled always. The
displacer piston displaces hot air and
cold air.
Please click next buttons and you will

see a operation principle of the
displacer type Stirling engine.
Stillness
Animation
(Netscape2.0 is demanded.)
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/struct.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:21]

History of Stirling Engines No.1 -English-
History of Stirling Engines No.1
To Japanese Page
The Stirling engine was invented by Robert Stirling in 1816. He was a Scottish minister. At that time,
Stirling engines were recognized as a safe engine that could not explode like steam engines of that era
often did.
Stirling Engine of Robert Stirling (1816)
Go to Next Page
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History of Stirling Engines No.1 -English-
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/history1.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:28]

Model Stirling Engines
View of Model Stirling Engines
To Japanese Page
Here are links to information about different model Stirling engines.
Model Stirling Engine "LSE-01"
Model Stirling Boat with MSE-01
Model Stirling Amphibian Ship with MSE-02
Variable Phase Angle Stirling Engine "MSE-03"
Variable Storoke Stirling Engine "MSE-04"
Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine
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Model Stirling Engines
Free Piston Type Stirling Engine
The Seesaw Stirling Engine by Hubert Stierhof
50 W class Stirling engine, Mini-Ecoboy
The web site named '50 W class Stirling engine, Mini-Ecoboy' has been moved to 'Stirling Engine Home Page at Ship
Research Institute' which is author's official site.
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/modele.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:54]

LSE-01
To Japanese Page
This engine is a two piston type Stirling engine with a cap type heater made of stainless steel and it
does not have a regenerator. Its cooling system is a natural convection cooling by air. The pistons and
cylinders use medical syringes made of glass, so the engine has few leakage of the working gas and
small friction. To minimize the friction loss, at most of drive parts are used ball bearings. This engine
has high speed performance. It can rotate about 3000 rpm.
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/lse01e.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:08:04]

LSE-01
Go to Section of the LSE-01
Return to View of Model Stirling Engines
Koichi Hirata
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To Japanese Page
Following picture is a model boat with MSE-01.

Ship type is named Short Water Area Twin Hal (SWATH).
Model Boat with MSE-01
Detail Information of MSE-01 Stirling Engine
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mse01.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:08:14]

Development of MSE-01 Boat
Koichi Hirata

To Japanese Page
This amphibian ship is powered by the 5W class Stirling Engine "MSE-02". Running Speed of this
ship is about 2 km/hour on the land and on the water.
Amphibian Ship with MSE-02
Detail Information of the MSE-02
Return to View os Model Stirling Engines
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mse02e.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:08:27]

Koichi Hirata

Model Stirling Engine "MSE-03"
Variable Phase Angle Stirling Engine "MSE-03"
To Japanese Page
This engine is used the variable phase angle mechanism with four bebel gears. In running the engine,
the engine is been able to change the phase angle between two pistons, and controlled the output
power and the engine speed easily.

Photograph of the Model Boat with MSE-03
Principle of the Phase Angle Mechanism
Performance of MSE-03
Koichi Hirata

Variable Storoke Stirling Engine "MSE-04"
To Japanese Page
In running the engine, this engine is been able to change the piston strokes by the special linkage
mechanism, and controlled the output power and the engine speed. This engine is utilized the working
space effectively, because the top dead center of the pistons is always the same point.

Photograph of Model Boat with MSE-04
Koichi Hirata

To Japanese Page
This model boat is powered by the MSE-05. The engine is compact and light weight.
Model Boat with MSE-05
Koichi Hirata


To Japanese Page
Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine is new type engine. This engine drive 600rpm when it is heated
by gas burner.
Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engines
Section of Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine
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Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/rotarye.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:04]

Let's Build Model Stirling Engines -English-
Let's Build Model Stirling Engines
To Japanese Page
If you have some machine tools and know how to use them, you can easily build model Stirling
engines. Here are links to other pages with plans for easily constructed Stirling engines and the
instructions for their assembly.
Let's build a Can Stirling Engine
This engine can be built with very simple materials--no machine tools required.
Let's build a Model Stirling Engine 'LSE-01'
This engine is a two-piston type Stirling engine. Its top speed is about 3000 rpm.
Let's build a Model Stirling Engine 'TSE-03'
You must make a few parts for this engine. If you know machine tools well, you can make this engine
in about 1 hour.
Plans for a Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine
Plans for this prototype engine.
Let's build a Model Stirling Engine 'ESE-10'
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/make.htm (1 von 3) [13.03.2007 00:09:34]

Sorry, but I am still preparing the figures that show the plans for this engine.
How to cut a glass syringe
This page shows several photographs how to cut the glass syringe.
How to get a glass syringe
Where can you get the glass syringe? This page answers this question.
Down Load the Engine Figures

The following is available as a zip file. Some figures used in the plans above are included in the
English files. The Japanese files include most of the figures.
A Can Stirling Engine , GIF format data, English version with a text and html file for a local
computer, 122 kB
If you had downloaded an old version of this file (no text file), please download this file, cantxte.zip
(4 kB).
A Can Stirling Engine , GIF format data, Japanese version, 140 kB
A Can Stirling Engine , EPS format data, English version, 99 kB
A Can Stirling Engine , EPS format data, Japanese version, 23 kB
A Model Stirling Engine "LSE-01" , GIF format data, Japanese version, 175 kB
A Model Stirling Engine "LSE-01" , GIF format data, English version, 117 kB
A Model Stirling Engine "TSE-03" , GIF format data, Japanese version, 131 kB

A Model Stirling Engine "TSE-03" , GIF format data, English version, 87 kB
A Model Stirling Engine "ESE-10" , JSH format data, Only Japanese, 174 kB
Koichi Hirata

Let's Build A Can Stirling Engine -English-
Let's Build a Can Stirling Engine
To Japanese Page
The Can Stirling engine can rotate using a candle as the heat source. This engine is constructed with
very simple materials. There are a can, a balloon, a wood board and others.
A Can Stirling Engine
(This engine was proposed by Mr.Saburo Tsucchida.

He is teacher of Kasukabe technical high scool.)
● Step 1 --- Material Preparation and Structure

● Step 2 --- Cut a Wood Board
● Step 3 --- Make a Wood Piston
● Step 4 --- Make a Diaphragm
● Step 5 --- Make Connecting Rods and a Crank Shaft
● Step 6 --- Construct a Diaphragm and Crank Mechanism
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Let's Build A Can Stirling Engine -English-
● Step 7 --- Construct the Frame

● Step 8 --- Construct a Wood Piston and Crank Mechanism
● Step 9 --- Fit Up a Can
● Step 10 --- Let's Try to Move
Return to 'Let's Build Model Stirling Engines'
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_can.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:39]

Let's build a LSE-01 -English-
Let's build a LSE-01
To Japanese Page
small friction. To minimize the friction loss, at most of drive parts are used ball bearings. This engine
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_l01.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:46]

Let's build a LSE-01 -English-
Section of LSE-01
Assembly Drawing of LSE-01 (1)
Assembly Drawing of LSE-01 (2)
Suggestions to Assemble LSE-01
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_l01.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:46]

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_t03.htm
Let's build a TSE-03
To Japanese Page
You can make a model Stirling engine TSE-03 in a short time, because TSE-03 has a few parts. If you
can use machine tools very well, you can make this engine about 1 hour.
Model Stirling Engine "TSE-03"
Section of TSE-03
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_t03.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:56]

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_t03.htm
Assembly Drawing of TSE-03
Suggestions to Assemble TSE-03
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_t03.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:09:56]

Plans of Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine
To Japanese Page
This rotary displacer type Stirling engine has very unique feature. I introduce the plans of the
prototype engine in this site. Thare is more information about this engine in "View of model Stirling
engines" site.
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_rot.htm (1 von 3) [13.03.2007 00:10:07]

Prototype of Rotary Displacer Type Stirling Engine
Parts drawings of No. 1 - No. 2

Koichi Hirata

Let's make a ESE-10
Let's make a ESE-10
To Japanese Page
small friction. To minimize the friction loss, at all of drive parts are used ball bearings. This engine
Model Stirling Engine "ESE-10"
Section of ESE-10
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_e10.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:10:21]

Let's make a ESE-10
Now, I am preparing the figures of ESE-10.
Return to 'Let's make Model Stirling Engines'
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_e10.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:10:21]

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/how_cut.htm
How to cut a glass syringe
To Japanese Page
Almost of my model Stirling engines use medical syringes as pistons and cylinders. The syringe has
performances of few gas leakage and low friction loss.
The syringe is cut using a grinder with a blue grindstone like below photographs.
How to cut the syringe
Koichi Hirata
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/how_cut.htm [13.03.2007 00:10:31]

How to get a glass syringe -English-
How to get a glass syringe
To Japanese Page
I have often received the question, that is "Where can I get the glass syringe?"
The glass syringe is sold at a science goods shop which sells a test tube, flask and etc. Its price is
about 3 to 5 US dollars per one syringe.
You can get it at following shops.
UK
Fisher Scientific UK
Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 5RG
Telephone: +44(1509)231166, Fax: +44(1509)231893
e-mail: info@fisher.co.uk
Web site (catalogue) at http://www.fisher.co.uk
Canada
Dyna Medical Corp

e-mail: dynabc@netcom.ca
Web site at http://tor-pw1.netcom.ca/~dynabc/index.html
Japan
Tsubasa Industrial Corp.

Minami-senju 3-11-3, Arakawa, Tokyo
Telephone: +81-3-3807-5151
If you know other shops which sell the glass syringe, please tell me information.
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How to get a glass syringe -English-
Koichi Hirata
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To Japanese Page
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Koichi Hirata
e-mail: khirata@gem.bekkoame.or.jp (Home)
e-mail: khirata@mech.saitama-u.ac.jp (Office)
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http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/alpha3.gif
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http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/rotary1.gif
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http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/gamma1.gif
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http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/rotary2.gif
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Other Stirling Engine Web Sites -English-
To Japanese Page
Other Stirling Engine Web Sites

Jump to;
● Building of model Stirling engines (not commercial base)

● Sales of model Stirling engines and related goods
● Developments of high performance Stirling engines (not commercial base)
● High performance and high powered Stirling engines for commercial base
● General descriptions, thermodynamics, analysis model and notes
● Societies, organizations and news letters
● Other information
Building of model Stirling engines (not commercial base)
Mr. Fukui's Stirling engine, Japan

A high performace model Stirling car has been developed by Mr. Fukui at Tokyo University. This
Stirling car can run about 2.5 m/s speed. (in Japanese).
The Metalmaster and Stirling Page, UK

This site introduces nice model Stirling engines with the drawings and detail information.
Stirling Prayer Engine, USA

This site introduces a can Stirling engine made by Bob Blick. He made a 10 second movie showing
the engine in operation.
Model Stirling Engine Library, Japan

Finaly, another Japanese enthusiast, Mr. Tsuchida made a Stirling web site. He presents several
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/others.htm (1 von 10) [13.03.2007 00:21:29]

photos of unique models. But they are Japanese only yet.
Stirling Engine for Education, Japan

A Japanese technical high school teacher, Mr. Ishida made a web site. This site introduces many
Japanese industrial heritage and his Stirling engine for educations. But they are Japanese only yet.
Omniscience Futureneering, USA

This is nice site! Test-Tube Stirling Engine is shown here. And here is many other interesting
information.
Ron Ginger's Home Page, USA

A Hot Air engine which runs on very low heat is shown here. And information of a Hot Air Fan
which made in about 1900 is shown here.
A Novel Stirling Cycle Hot Air Engine To Build, Australia

This is very nice site! There are plans of a model low temperature Stirling engine.
The Idaho Stirling Engine Homepage, USA

Here is a nice model Stirling engine. I like "IDAHO STIRLING ENGINE ANIMATION".
Mechanical Engineering Tools at MIT, USA

This site introduces model Stirling engines as educational tools.
Chris Greve's Homepage, USA

Chris introduces a low temperature Stirling engine that has been running on his cable box for almost 2
years!
Lecture Demonstration Facility at NCSU, USA

Here is material from a lecture at North Carolina State University.
The Rusty Iron Gallery, USA

A Ericsson hot air engine manufatured by the Rider Ericsson company is shown here.
RAYSHADE animation, Germany

You can download a mpeg-animation with a low temperature difference Stirling engine. It is nice!
Designing a Stirling Cycle Engine Module Abstract, USA

It is useful information from University of Massachusetts Lowell.
Ein Stirlingmotor als Bausatz, Germany

A Can Wood Stirling Engine do-it-yourself kit is informed here (in Germany).

TH Rijswijk's Stirling page, the Netherlands

Here you can find some information from their school project about a Stirling engine.
Takamatsu Technical High School, Japan

There is information of their school project about a Stirling engine (in Japanese).
Roy Rice's Little Engine Pages, USA

There is a lot of beautiful and unique Stirling engines. It is one of the best web sites!
WrenchTEN's Study of External Combustion Engines, USA

Many variable engines from steam to Stirling are shown here.
Dr. Fujio Toda, Saitama University, Japan

Many types of low temperature difference Stirling engines are shown here.
Mr. Chino's Stirling page, Japan

This site shows a multi-cilinder type Stirling engine in Shibaura Industrial University (in Japanese).
Tsuchiura Technical High School, Japan

A nice Stirling powered model car is shown here (in Japanese).
Hans Temme's Stirling engine page, Germany

Very small and nice model engines are shown here.
Symanski's Stirling engine page, USA

Many kinds of the model engines are shown here.
e-Zee (Little) Steam Engines, USA

Many steam engines and their plans are shown here.
Majosoft's Hobby Site, USA

You can see beautiful steam engines here.
Sales of model Stirling engines and related goods
TECHNO PROTO, Japan

This site introduces and sells beautiful Stirling engines and steam engines (in Japanese).

Exergia, Germany
This site introduces and sells several model Stirling engines. They use the low temperature heat
source.
American Stirling Company, USA

This company is making and selling a model Stirling engine called the "MM-1." This engine will run
on ice or hot water!
Bailey Craftsman Supply, USA

A model Stirling engine, a video and several books are sold here. I recommend the video entitled "An
Introduction to Hot Air Engines." It is very interesting!
Lutzer's Stirling Motor, Germany

A model low temperature Stirling engine is sold here.
E. Schmidt Stirling Engines, Germany

Many kind of model Stirling engines, books and videos are sold here.
Educational Innovations, Inc., USA

A low temperature difference Stirling engine is sold here.
Science Workshop PASCO, USA

A low temperature difference Stirling engine is sold here.
The Philips Stirling Engine, the Netherlands

A book entitled "The Philips Stirling Engine" is sold here.
Ken Rhodes Home Page, USA

Some models of an antique hot air engine are sold here.
Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of the Stirling Cycle Machine, USA

You can buy a book entitled "Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of the Stirling Cycle Machine."
The Huxtable Desk Top "Working" Hot Air Engine, Australia

Buy a hot air engine.
Northwest Tech, Inc., USA

A model solar Stirling engine is sold here.
Boehm & Daum GdbR, Germany

High quality and beautiful stirling motors are sold here.
The Stirling Outlet, USA

Very reasonable model Stirling engines are sold here.
The Stirling Engine Powered Fan, USA

A Stirling engine powered fan named FREE BREEZE is sold here.
Model Project Plans & Kits Home Page, USA

This site shows a catalog of model Stirling engine, atmospheric (vacuum) engine, and other types of
model engineering project plans sets, material kits and casting kits for the hobby, educational and
experimental machinist.
Model Stirling Engines, JAPAN

The book entitled 'Model Stirling Engines' shows various model engines (in Japanese).
Theory and Design of Stirling Engines, JAPAN

The book entitled 'Theory and Design of Stirling Engines' describes detailed information related the
Stirling technologies (in Japanese).
Regenerative Thermal Machines (Stirling and Vuilleumier Cycle Machines•jfor Heating and
Cooling, JAPAN
This book shows vapour compression systems using Stirling cycles, heat pumps and chillers using
Stirling cycles, Vuilleumier machines, thermoacoustic machines and pulse-tube refrigerators.
Developments of high performance Stirling engines (not

commercial base)
Stirling Engine Home Page at National Maritime Research Institute, Japan

This is my official site related experimental Stirling engines.
Energy Research at UWRF, USA

This site is produced by Dr. J. R. Senft, who is famous for research of low temperature differential
Stirling engines.
Sandia National Laboratories, USA

This site shows many Solar Stirling Engines.
National Aerospace Laboratory, JAPAN

This laboratory studies Space Stirling engines.
Stirling Cryocooler Progress Report at NASA, USA

This web site reports the progress of Stirling cryocooler research at NASA.
The University of Reading, UK

This university has quite a bit of Stirling engine research going on.
Canterbury University, New Zealand

Stirling engine battery charger and power generation is being studied here.
Power Technology Earth Applications at NASA, USA

This web site reports some Stirling engines research at NASA.
Stirling Technology at NASA, USA

This web site reports some Stirling research at NASA.
Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Program at DOE, USA

This web site reports on some Stirling engines developed under the Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion
Program.
A Greenpeace report on ozone, USA

A Greenpeace report on ozone and Stirling coolers.
Olympic Photos Home Page, USA

You can find a high resulution jpg of a solar dish Stirling engine.
Bernd Kammerich's Stirling information, Germany

Some high power Stirling engines are informed here.
Prof. Iwao Yamashita, Tokyo Denki University, Japan

You can see test and evaluation of practical Stirling engines and their application systems developed
by Moonlight Project of AIST, MITI (1982-1987).
Assistant Prof. Hiroichi Watanabe, Nihon University, Japan

This site shows solar Stirling engines, low presurized Stirling engines and model automotive Stirling
engines (in Japanese).
Prof. M. Katsuta, Waseda University, Japan

This site shows Stirling technologyes and other studies of interesting thermodynamics (in Japanese).

Stirling Engine Research and Computer Programm Development, Germany

There are many academic information related to Stirling engines.
Meisei University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hamaguchi Lab., Japan

Educational Stirling engines, a new type steam engine, a crypcooler and others are shown here (in
Japanese).
High performance and high powered Stirling engines for

commercial base
Whisper Gen, New Zealand

Whisper-Gen is developing a home-sized Stirling generator. Its power output is 800W.
STM Power Inc. (formerly Stirling Thermal Motors), USA

STM Power Inc. has spent over fifteen years developing a new generation engine based on the Stirling
Cycle principle.
ST05G Stirling engine, Germany

There is a photo of a 500 W Stirling engine "ST05G" developed by Dieter Viebach.(in German)
Sunpower Inc., USA

This site introduces free-piston type Stirling coolers and engines.
TEM Stirling engines, Sweden

TEM has been developing a new type of Stirling engine, which is hermetically sealed, with integrated
generators.
Sigma Elektroteknisk A.S, Norway

This company is currently working on industrialising the PCP (Personal Combustion Powerplant)
using a Stirling engine as the prime mover.
Tamin Enterprises, USA

This company is designing a Stirling engine with several variations. The engines are intended for
commercial applications and for use by the general public.
Bomin Solar Company, Germany

This company has developed low- and medium-temperature Stirling engines. These Stirling engines
are designed for broad applications and mass markets.

The Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd, UK

There is detail information about cryocoolers.
Stirling Technology, Inc., USA

An over 5 HP of shaft power Stirling engine, ST-5 is informed here.
Small Stirling Refrigerator of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan

A 50 Kelvin class Stirling refrigerator is developed here (in Japanese).
Small Stirling Refrigerator of DAIKIN Industries, Ltd., Japan

A 80 Kelvin class Stirling refrigerator is sold here.
SOLO KLEINMOTOREN GMBH, Germany

A solar Stirling engine and 10 kW Stirling engine are developing here.
Submarine of KOCKUMS, Sweden

A Stirling powered submarine developed by KOCKUMS is shown here.
Swedish Armed Forces, Sweden

This web site shows photos of Swedish submarines. There is a photo of a Stirling powered submarine
made by KOCKUMS.
General descriptions, thermodynamics, analysis model and notes
Stirling Engine Animation by ITC and NUD, Germany

There is an animation of the Stirling cycle. Sorry, I cannot understand this site, because it is witten in
Germany.
LASER, Stirling Machine Analysis, USA

A Stirling machine analysis model, LASER is explained here.
Mad Scientist's Lair, Australia

This site is collected information on alternative technology and 'free energy' machines. There are
Stirling-cycle water pump and engine sites.
Eric Anbergen's Stirling Page, Belgium

Inventor Eric Anbergen is describing about Stirling engines.

The Stirling Engine - The Power Plant of the Future, USA

Air Sport Corporation is describing about Stirling engines.
The Green Heat Machines, USA

There are several nice pictures and useful Stirling information.
Societies, organizations and news letters
Information of Stirling Cycle Machines of JSME, Japan

This site informs Stirling Cycle Symposium of JSME (in Japanese).
UK Stirling News, The Stirling Engine Society, UK

The Stirling Engine Society publishes a quarterly newsletter "UK Stirling News"
European Stirling Forum 2002, Germany

From September 18 - 19, 2002 the 6th European Stirling Forum will be held in Osnabruck, Germany.
Bendigo Society of Model Engineers Inc., Australia

Several Hot air engines are informed here.
Stirling Engine and Hot Air Engine Home Page, UK

This site is being developed for Stirling Cycle Engine enthusiasts.
The Stirling Engine for Cars, Austraria

Students of the University of Melbourne shows their nice report here.
Other information
Mechanical Design for Metal Workers, Japan

This is one of my sites for students learning mechanical design (in Japanese yet).
Tips of Metal Working, Japan

This is one of my sites for students too (in Japanese yet).
Microcomputer for Mechanical Control, Japan

This is also my site (in Japanese yet).

Fish Robot Home Page, Japan

This information is one of my official researches.
IBM Patent Server, USA

It is very useful site! Please try to search for "Stirling".
Koichi Hirata

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/mse03b.gif
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/gallery/mse03b.gif [29/04/2007 23.40.11]

index
The Metalmaster and Stirling Page
(Not such strange bedfellows, as will be seen)
The Metalmaster designed and built by the late David Urwick:
The original Sales

Brochure and Specification.
David Urwick's descriptive Article, published in the SIMEC newsletter.
Photograph and recent history of my machine.
Details of alignment technique etc in the Instruction Manual.
Stirling Engine pages.
Experimental Steam Engines
Piston Rings and Odds
Copyright Mick Collins

at:- sylvestris@btinternet.com
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/ [29/04/2007 23.42.29]

stirling
Stirling Pages Back to Home Page

(still under construction)
Completed so far:-
Fizgig - Withdrawn 17-11-03 due to unavailability of

either Steradent or stainless steel displacers but
restored by request 17-01-04.
Piglet - A Robinson look-a-like.
Phoelix - A Stirling dyno/lighting set
Whippet - A 5cc Gamma type Competition engine
Whigmaleerie - A yoke drive, alpha type engine
Gallery - Pictures of some of David Urwick's engines.
The Tin Can Stirling - A link to a pdf file on the NAMES

(North American MES) web site.
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/stirling.htm [29/04/2007 23.42.38]

Warning_Index
FIZGIG
Introduction & Instructions Drawings (hit 'Back' to return)
IntelliCAD dwg files

IMPORTANT - download a single file to check compatability with your
CAD program before downloading the All.zip file.
Return to Index
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/fizgign/fizindex.htm [29/04/2007 23.43.03]

Index of /~sylvestris/fizgign/vectors
Index of /~sylvestris/fizgign/vectors
Name Last modified Size Description
Parent Directory 21-Jan-2004 14:17 -

10.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:14 80k
11.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:14 74k
12.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:14 73k
13.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:14 75k
14.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:15 71k
1GA.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:15 51k
2a.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:15 70k
2b.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:15 54k
3.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 82k
4.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 118k
5.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 112k
6.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 105k
7.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 87k
8.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:16 120k
9.dwg 21-Jan-2004 11:17 88k
All-PurgedVersion14A..> 21-Jan-2004 11:17 458k
Apache/1.3.31 Server at www.btinternet.com Port 80
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/fizgign/vectors/ [29/04/2007 23.43.27]

Piglet
Piglet, a Robinson lookalike.

Piglet was
built from a set
of commercial
aluminium
castings but
bears little
resemblance to
the original
design. The
most obvious
alteration is
the greatly
increased
length of the
air chamber
and displacer
to both reduce
heat leakage
loss and to
give increased
surface areas
for
regeneration.
The firebox
has been
almost
completely
isolated from
the cooler with
the hot gases
escaping
between the
firebox top and
the flange, and
the slim brass
columns
between the
flange and the
cooler
providing an
effective heat
barrier.
The air
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/pigfiles/LastPig.htm (1 di 3) [29/04/2007 23.44.27]

Piglet
chamber/heater
is made of
0.008" tinplate,
as is the
displacer. (and
its too heavy!)
The heat
baffles in the
displacer are of
0.004" shim
steel and are
held squarely
by tubes of the
same material
rolled to
approx 3/8"
diameter, (not
shown in the
drawing) the
whole stack
being held
together by a
light spring at
the cold end.
(not shown)
A new
pedestal was
made to
accommodate
ball races for
the crankshaft
and almost all
other bearings
and pivots are
also fitted with
ball races.
The cylinder
is fitted with a
cast iron liner,
highly
polished, and
the lightweight
cast iron piston
runs in it
without oil.

Piglet
Since there is
no side loading
on it, the silver
steel displacer
rod also runs
without oil in a
very long brass
bush,
extending right
down inside
the displacer to
avoid air
leakage.
The flywheel
is by Stuart
Turner.
The overall
effect of the
ball races and
the oil-less
piston is to
give extremely
low friction
and, running
on a 'nite-lite'
candle the
engine
develops just
over 0.6 watt,
ie 25
ft/lbs/min.
Note - The
sketch is not to
scale.
Return
to Index

phoelix
Phoelix
'Rose from the ashes and keeps on walking'
When the, low friction, loaded PTFE materials first became available to amateurs it was decided to
try them out for the piston of a small hot air engine. The material I had was a very small piece of
'Rulon', a plastic with both a lower coefficient of expansion (c of e) and lower friction than ordinary
PTFE, and this was made into a 'cup washer' seal - similar to a leather cycle pump washer.
The rest of the piston was made of unloaded PTFE and to overcome its high c of e the skirt was split
and bound with brass wire before turning it to fit the cylinder.
The cylinder was drawn brass tube and to assess the durability of this unlikely combination of
materials it was decided to give it an extended life test. So the remainder of the engine is conventional
and kept as simple as possible with the exception of the electric heater which was wound on the hot
end of the air chamber to permit long periods of unattended running and the mechanically operated
snifter which can be seen just above the displacer rod bush.
To provide cross-head loading on the piston the engine needed to drive a load and several small
electric motors were tried as dynamos. Unfortunately these wore out very quickly and were replaced
by a cycle dyno' and this was loaded by a 3.5v 0.3a bulb.
Testing could now begin and, following a disastrous melt down due to the wrong tapping on an
oversized transformer and requiring a complete rebuild of the air chamber assembly, the engine was
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/phoefiles/phoelix.htm (1 di 2) [29/04/2007 23.46.26]

phoelix
left running for long periods.

One very noticeable effect during this time was the affect that ambient temperature had on
performance. Much of the running was during the Summer months and in the afternoons the speed
dropped to reduce the voltage on the lamp to 2.5v. but by 1 AM the following morning it could be
seen at full brilliance, lighting up my workshop at the bottom of the garden.
Many bulbs (and one dynamo) were replaced before I decided to figure out the cost of running the
electric heater - and the testing stopped abruptly!
The engine had logged a total of nearly 7000 hours, sometimes running for several weeks non-stop.
All bearings were completely worn out (the big end had been adjusted several times) but the piston
seal was still 100% and, apart from the dreadful racket, it ran (and still runs) as well as ever.
Note:- PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene = Teflon (?)
Return to Index
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/phoefiles/phoelix.htm (2 di 2) [29/04/2007 23.46.26]

whippet
Whippet
Whippet was built for the new Class B introduced in the 1980 Hot Air Engine Competition , to be judged
on power to weight ratio, and weight was eventually reduced to 11ozs - the massive looking bed is
actually a very light tinplate shell.
However, in the Competition it developed 4.7 watts (207 ft/lbs/min) and with a swept volume of 5cc, it
actually won the award for specific power. It is thought that this is still the record for a non pressurised
air engine of this size. (?)
The design is really only a 'sports' version of Phoelix, my 6cc dynamo driving engine, the proportions of
which had been very loosely based on a design in a schools metalwork handbook. The principal changes
were the fitting of ball races throughout, a reduction in wall chamber thickness of both air chamber and
displacer together with an increase in length of both. A direct port between chamber and cylinder
replaced the sharp angled passage in Phoelix, piston stroke was reduced to reduce swept volume to 5cc
and the piston was machined from a single piece of Rulon. The displacer rod bushes are 'sintered' from
some of the swarf produced when machining the piston. Reciprocating masses were reduced to the
minimum and the structural design improved to give greater stiffness.
To ensure consistent performance electric heating was used and my previous experience with Phoelix
enabled me to wind a nichrome coil drawing almost exactly 100watts (when hot) from a 24volt
transformer. (thereby ruling it out of Class B with a total weight of 11 ozs + transformer + the National
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/whipfiles/whippet.htm (1 di 3) [29/04/2007 23.47.24]

whippet
Grid!)
The two blue caps on

the front of the air
chamber are covering
two valves. The
bottom one is a normal
snifter whilst the top
one is a non-return
valve, used to take
peak pressure
readings. This peak,
actually 12.5psi when
snifting, can then be
used to calculate the
IMEP and, by
comparing this with
the measured output,
give an indication of
the engine's
mechanical losses.
The, fully run in,
engine was actually
developing 4.9 watts
during later tests with
a measured torque of
4oz/inches at
1660rpm. The
calculated torque was
5.13oz/inches, giving a
mechanical effy of
78%. Nevertheless,
the overall efficiency,
with 100watts input,
was a mere 4.9%.
In an attempt to
increase power to 5
watts the electric heater was removed and the hot cap run at bright red using a ring type gas burner.
However it stubbornly refused to go beyond its previous best and we must therefore assume that the
100watt electric heater was running it at a similar temperature..
Following all this excitement the engine was stripped and the cause of a light rustling sound coming
from the air chamber found to be due to the mild steel displacer scaling. Since the displacer had
originally been made with a wall thickness of only 0.004" this was deemed to be sufficient cause for
retirement; a small firebox was fitted to take a nite-lite candle for demonstration runs and Whippet was
put out to grass.

whippet
And he occasionally enjoys a cup of tea ------
Return to Index

mmbrochure
Specification Photograph Instruction Manual Article Home

Page
Metalmaster/Impetus Sales Brochure

The Metalmaster/Impetus was a general purpose combination metalworking tool designed and built
by W. D. Urwick, the owner of a small foundry, in the early 1950s to exploit his patent triangular gib
key and included many unique and innovative ideas, all aimed at getting maximum versatility and
accuracy out of a small, affordable machine tool. Note the logo - a sketch of the Patent Triangular Gib
Key:-
Pictures and text from the original

promotional brochure but please note that the
radial drill was not fitted on the production
models and the name was later changed to
Metalmaster.
--------------
TURNING
In addition to normal turning the removal of
the radial gib key (Brit. Pat. No. 696773)
locating the bed enables the latter to be set-
over for taper turning and reclamped solidly at
the required angle.
DIVIDING
The main driving pulley has 60 equally spaced
and numbered holes. Any of these holes can
be picked up and the mandrel locked by
means of a link rod. The link rod itself has six
divisions, thus giving a range through 360
degrees.
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/metalmaster/mmbrochure.htm (1 di 3) [29/04/2007 23.56.16]

mmbrochure
KEYWAY CUTTING
For this purpose a hand lever can easily be attached for racking the saddle along the bed. The leadscrew
nut can be released, giving the saddle a free sliding action.
BORING
A small boring head with radial feed,
operated by star wheel and trip pin, is
supplied, thus at once converting the
machine into a miniature horizontal borer.

mmbrochure
MILLING
With a crossfeed of 7" and the 10" x 4
1/2" slotted table, quite large workpieces
can be milled. A machine vice mounted
on the table enables end mills, slitting
saws and cutters to be used for a variety
of work,
GEAR CUTTING
If a dividing head is available, gears of 18 D.P. upwards can readily be cut on blanks up to 5" diameter.
TOPSLIDE
The machine is supplied with a four-way tool post. A small topslide is, however, available, and is
intended mainly for turning short tapers and screwcutting.
TAILSTOCK
The tailstock is provided with rack feed to the barrel and has a graduated dial. The barrel is locked by
means of a radial gib key as used on the main column.
LARGE WORK
With the Tee bed in position work up to 8" diameter can be handled. With the tailstock and Tee bed
removed, work up to 14" diameter can be swung, the toolpost being suitably blocked up from the cross-
slide.
Back to top of page

galleryindex
A Small Picture Gallery of Engines

built by David Urwick on the Metalmaster.
1. A miniature Flame-gulper
2 A Slack type Boat Engine
3 A Two Cylinder Siemens Engine
4 A Ross Yoke type Engine
5 The 'Nutator'
A Horizontal Gamma type Engine
Return to Stirling Index
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/gallery/galleryindex.htm [30/04/2007 0.19.32]

smallseimans
Siemens Engine
This two cylindered engine is based on a design for a four cylindered (steam?) engine patented by William
Siemens in 1863 in which a nutating plate driven by a ball ended rod fitting into a socketed disc crank,
interconnects a circle of axial pistons - the phase relationships between the pistons being the same as their
angular position in the circle.
Thus two cylinders 90 degs apart can be used as the power cylinder and the air chamber of a Stirling engine.
Less frictional losses than a swashplate drive but at the expense of far greater complexity, with ball and
socket joints throughout..
(See also the Nutator)
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/gallery/smallsiemens.htm (1 di 2) [30/04/2007 0.23.21]

smallseimans
Return to Gallery Index
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/gallery/smallsiemens.htm (2 di 2) [30/04/2007 0.23.21]

nutator
The Nutator
David's name for his ingenious alternative to a Siemens drive.
(It is hoped to replace this with a better quality print.)
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/gallery/nutator.htm (1 di 2) [30/04/2007 0.23.55]

nutator
Nutation:- "(2c) Movement by which an axis is made to describe a cone." (O.E.D.)
Return to Gallery Index Return to Siemens Engine
http://www.btinternet.com/~sylvestris/gallery/nutator.htm (2 di 2) [30/04/2007 0.23.55]

Stirling Engines Diy

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Stirling Engines Diy

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Stirling Engine Home Page -English-

Welcome to Stirling Engine Home Page

There have been viewers since 5 December 1995.

To Japanese Home Page

Do you know about Stirling Engines?

This page is under construction 5 December 95.

Stirling engines for beginners

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/indexe.htm (1 of 4)5/13/2006 5:34:53 PM

View of model Stirling engines

In this session, I am introducing some model Stirling engines.

Let's build model Stirling engines

Gallery of Stirling engines

On this page I offer pictures of many types of Stirling engines.

Other Stirling engine web sites

Links to other Stirling engine web sites.

Stirling Engine Home Page Academic edition

Information about the Author

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/indexe.htm (2 of 4)5/13/2006 5:34:53 PM

Stirling Engine Q&A

INFORMATION OF 12th ISEC

The 12th ISEC Official Web Site

Elementary Knowledge of Metal Workings

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/indexe.htm (3 of 4)5/13/2006 5:34:53 PM

To Bekkoame Home Page

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/indexe.htm (4 of 4)5/13/2006 5:34:53 PM

Stirling Engines for Beginners

How does a Stirling engine work?

Structure of Stirling engines

History of Stirling engines

Go to Stirling Engine Home Page

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/begin.htm [13.03.2007 00:07:00]

How does a Stirling engine work?

Step 1 Characteristics of air

Step 2 What is a displacer piston?

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/howwork.htm (1 von 4) [13.03.2007 00:07:11]

Step 3 Crank mechanism ~ from piston motion to rotation ~

Step 4 Power piston ~ function of the rubber ~

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/howwork.htm (2 von 4) [13.03.2007 00:07:11]

Step 5 Flywheel ~ for the smooth rotation ~

Step 6 It is the Stirling engine

Finally, the Stirling engine is completed.

Do you understand how does the Stirling engine work?

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/howwork.htm (3 von 4) [13.03.2007 00:07:11]

Do you think that above description is easy to understand?

Koichi Hirata (khirata@gem.bekkoame.ne.jp)

Return to Stirling Engines for Beginners

Go to Stirling Engine Home Page

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/howwork.htm (4 von 4) [13.03.2007 00:07:11]

Structure of Stirling Engines

Two pistons type Stirling engine

The two pistons type Stirling engine is

Please click next buttons and you will

Displacer type Stirling engine

The displacer type Stirling engine is

Please click next buttons and you will

Return to Stirling Engines for Beginners

Go to Stirling Engine Home Page

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/struct.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:21]

History of Stirling Engines No.1

Stirling Engine of Robert Stirling (1816)

Return to Stirling Engines for Beginners

Go to Stirling Engine Home Page

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/history1.htm (1 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:28]

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/history1.htm (2 von 2) [13.03.2007 00:07:28]