Open Access
Opportunities and Challenges A Handbook
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Research2008 Science, Economy and Society EUR 23459
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Neither the European Commission nor the German Commission for UNESCO, nor any person actingon behalf of the European Commission or the German Commission for UNESCO is responsible for theuse which might be made of the following information. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are the sole responsibility of the authors anddo not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission or those of the German Commissionfor UNESCO. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can beaccessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).Information on the German Commission for UNESCO is available on the Internet:http://www.unesco.de/english.Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008ISBN 978-92-79-06665-8DOI 10.2777/93994 The content of this publication may be reproduced and disseminated for non-commercial purposes,provided that reference is made to the name(s) of the author(s), and to the original publication asfollows:[Name of author(s) and title of contribution], “Open Access – Opportunities and challenges – A hand-book” by the European Commission and the German Commission for UNESCO, 2008, translatedfrom the original German edition published by the German Commission for UNESCO. These licensing conditions must also apply in the case of further reproduction.First published in German as “Open Access – Chancen und Herausforderungen. Ein Handbuch” bythe German Commission for UNESCO in 2007. The German edition was supported by the GermanFederal Foreign Office. The only changes made to the original German edition are updates on the information concerning theauthors’ affiliations. The present publication thus reflects the debate in early 2007. In the meantime,amendments to German copyright law, the so-called ‘second basket’ (‘zweiter Korb’) of the implemen-tation of the EU directives mentioned in several articles, have been adopted (5 July 2007).Coordination of translation:Barbara Malina (German Commission for UNESCO) and Celina Ramjoué (European Commission) Assistance: Antonie Curtius, Philipp Disselbeck and Anne Isabel Rauch (German Commission for UNESCO)
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Table of Contents
Preface by the European Commission ..................................................................9Preface by the President of the German Commission for UNESCO .....................10Message from the Commissioner for Cultureand Education at the German Federal Foreign Office .........................................11Introduction: Quo vadis, Knowledge Society? ....................................................12
Richard Sietmann
Chapter 1: Definition and Origin of Open Access 19
The Concept of Open Access...............................................................................20
Norbert Lossau
Open Access – A Historical Survey .....................................................................24
Peter Schirmbacher
Chapter 2: An Introduction to Three Publication Models 29
The Edoc-Server at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin:An Example of an Open Access Repository ........................................................30
Susanne Dobratz
The New Journal of Physics as an Example of Open Access Journals ...............35
Eberhard Bodenschatz
The Example of a Hybrid Model: Springer Open Choice......................................39
Jan Velterop
Chapter 3: Implementing Open Access Models 45
Financing Open Access Models ..........................................................................46
Stefan Gradmann
Open Access and (German) Copyright ................................................................50
Karl-Nikolaus Peifer
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National Initiatives in Europe for Open Access - Opportunities and Challenges
We live in a digital age that has opened up unprecedented opportunities for the dissemination of scientific knowledge.
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