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l e"CM. Hoke has written this book in non technical terms with easy to followinstructions.
Notice Concerning Safety, First Aid, and Pollution Control
Due to the enormous changes in these fields over the past fifty years, you should not rely on theinformation presented in this book but should consult current sources on these subjects
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe list of friends and co-workers who have helped in the prepara-tion of this book is so long that space is lacking to give each theindividual thanks that he deserves. I must, however, express mygratitude to T. R. McDearman, Margaret Stockford, StanislausSkowronski, Adolph Bregman, Edward Wichers, and the late PhilipE. Browning, for especial courtesies. I wish to thank again themany authors and publishers who have granted permission for theuse of their writings, and the several business organizations that haveplaced illustrations at my disposal. In particular I wish to mentionthe frontispiece, copyrighted by the National Geographic Society,and reproduced from the National Geographic Magazine withspecial permission; and to thank Drs. Wichers and Gilchrist fortheir permission to use it here.
PALISADE, NEW JERSEY. C. M.
HOKE
January, 1940.
PREFACEThis book is based on twenty-four years of experience in teaching jewelers and others how to refine their precious metal wastes.In many cases, especially at first, the instructions were given inperson, at the jewelry factory or dental laboratory. Mostly, how-ever, the instructions were given by mail, in the form of typeddirection sheets, supplemented by replies to such questions as cameto the student's mind. These instructions were prepared to meetthe individual requirements of the user, and were adapted to thetype of jewelry he made, the size of his shop, his own backgroundof education or experience, and the kind of waste he happened tohave on hand at the moment.This book is based on these oral and written instructions, anddiffers from them mainly in that it hopes to meet, in one volume,the needs of many workers handling many different problems. Itassumes complete inexperience on the part of the reader.For many centuries—from the days of the Egyptians up to about1900 A.D.—the metals used in jewelry were gold and silver. Copperand zinc were added to cheapen and to strengthen them. Theprocesses of melting and refining were simple, well known, andadequately described in the literature. A young man wishing tolearn the art or trade could do so either through the printed word,or by apprenticing himself to some older artisan.But at about the beginning of the 20th century, platinum enteredthe fields of jewelry-making and dentistry. By the time we enteredthe first World War, it had burst like a nova into first magnitudein the jewelry firmament. Its sister metals, palladium and iridiumespecially, came with it. Immediately the problems of refining,separating, and remelting the scrap metal became problems indeed.At first, say up to about 1915, comparatively few jewelry shops inthe whole world were equipped to melt their platinum scrap, andthe task of separating the platinum from the gold scrap was equallybeyond their powers; a handful of professional refiners handled theentire output. Reasons for this were several; preoccupation with
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