The May 18 Memorial Foundation International Cooperation Team

Comparison of “Special Act on the May 18Democratization Movement” and other related actsin South Korea and “Law on Rehabilitation andCompensation for Victims of Political Repression” inMongolia

Final report of research work

Tumenbayar Chuluunbaatar

2007 International Intern

Contents

1.Brief history of political repression in the Mongolia in 1922-1989 and May 18Democratic Uprising in South Korea in 1980.2.Comparison of acts:

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“Special act on the May 18 Democratization Movement” and Mongolian law

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“Act on compensation, etc. for the

persons related to the May 18Democratization Movement” and Mongolian law

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“Act on the honorable treatment of persons of distinguished services to May18 Democratization movement”3.Differences and correspondences of Korean and Mongolian acts4.Summary

Final Report of Research work Tumenbayar Chuluunbaatar1

The May 18 Memorial Foundation International Cooperation Team

Unit 1: Brief history of political repression in Mongolia in1922-1989 andMay 18 Democratic Uprising in South Korea in 1980

Poltical repression in Mongolia:

In 1921, Mongolia got an independence.Then in 1924, the Mongolia chose socialist system by Mongolian first constitutionenacted in that year. Thereafter, till 1989, by influence of the socialist regime, oneparty system and communist Russia, there were some political repression againtspatriots, politicians, intellectuals and monks for their different political viewpoint,religion, social manner, ancestry and ethnicity. For these reasons, approximately30000 persons got death sentence, prison and banishment during the politicalrepression. Normally, political repression can be divided in 3 parts by period.Hereinafter:1.1922-1932. Political repression against politicians. They got death sentenceand prison by false political crimes for their different viewpoint of economyand political system.2.1932-1945. Main victims were monks, minority ethnics and aristocracies.They got death sentence, prison and seizure their properties for their religion,ethnicity and ancestry.3.1960-1989. Political repression at that time focused to intellectuals. Theyusually got prison or banishment for their viewpoint and their criticism againstwrong things in politic and economy system at that time.From 1990, In Mongolia won democratic movement. Thereafter the Mongoliabecame a democratic, open-market economy country. Then, in 2 January 1998,Mongolian parliament legislated “Law on rehabilitation and compensation for victimsof political repression.” By this law, related person to political repression or theirbereaved family gained compensation and the Government officially rehabilitatedthem and announced their blameless.

May 18 Democratic Uprising:

In May 1980, there was held an uprising bystudents and citizens in Gwangju for democracy and against military regime. Duringthe uprising, many citizens of Gwangju were killed by soldiers. The victims of uprisingnumbered 4369 all told: 154 killed, 74 missing, 4141 wounded (including the dead dueto it). After launched democratic government, there was legislated “Special act on the

Final Report of Research work Tumenbayar Chuluunbaatar2

The May 18 Memorial Foundation International Cooperation Team

May 18 Democratization Movement” and other acts for compensation, honorabletreatment to victims of the May 18 uprising.

Unit 2: Comparison of acts

“Special acts on the May 18 Democratization Movement” and Mongolianlaw

Here are comparisons of “Special acts on the May 18 DemocratizationMovement” in South Korea and “Law on rehabilitation and compensation for victims ofpolitical repression” of the Mongolia.

Table 1ComparisonSpecial acts on the May 18Democratization Movementin South KoreaLaw on rehabilitation andcompensation for victims ofpolitical repression

Objective andtasks (extentservice oflaws)Devise the stabilization oflivelihood and improvement ofwelfare, and further tocontribute to the unity of peopleand development ofdemocratization as well byhaving the dead, missing orwounded persons related to theMay 18 DemocratizationMovement before and after May18, 1980 and the bereavedfamily regain the impairedreputation and by offeringmaterial compensationaccordingly.Allow compensation,rehabilitation and regain theimpaired reputation to repressedpersons related to illusivepolitical crimes anddiscriminated for politicalviewpoint, religion, socialmanner and ethnicity during in1922-1989.Persons, whowill getcompensationFollowing persons, who relatedto the May 18 DemocratizationMovement before and after May18, 1980 have right to getcompensation. Herein:

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