VERB PATTERN 1 5.

Mary passed the butter

In this pattern the verb has a direct object. This is either a noun or a pronoun. _______________________________________________________________
Examples : 6. Paul has passed his exams
_______________________________________________________________
7. John repeated the words
Subject + Verb Direct Object
_______________________________________________________________
1. I know Your name 8. We are learning Verb Pattern I
2. do you want Any help ? _______________________________________________________________
3. Who knows The answer ? 9. The doctor examined the students
4. You didn’t answer My question _______________________________________________________________
5. He cut Himself 10. The students have been discussing the lessons for hours
6. Don’t’ you remember Her name ? _______________________________________________________________
7. He dug A deep hole
8. She laughed A merry laugh Exercise 2 : (To practice this pattern in question-word questions)
9. This climate doesn’t suit Me Ask questions first about the subject and then about the direct object of each of the
10. The glass contains Fresh milk following sentences. For example :
John bought a book yesterday
a. Who bought a book yesterday ?
Notes : b. What did John buy yesterday ?
1. No. 5 Note the use of a reflexive pronoun as object
2. No. 7 Note the object of result (a deep hole) 1. The students learned new words
3. No. 8 Note the cognate object (a merry laugh) a. _____________________________________________________________
(cognate = having the same source of origin) b. ____________________________________________________________
4. All the transitive verbs may be used in this pattern 2. John practiced the conversations
a. _____________________________________________________________
Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern in yes-or-no questions with various b. ____________________________________________________________
tenses) 3. Bill pronounces the difficult words
Convert the statements into question. For examples : a. _____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
They practiced the conversations.
4. The tourist visited some places of interest
Did they practice the conversations ? a. _____________________________________________________________
1. The teacher presents the lesson
b. ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. John and Mary will discuss the lesson
2. Mary had breakfast
a. _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
3. The teacher presented the first lesson
_______________________________________________________________
4. The student repeat the exercises everyday
_______________________________________________________________
 6. George is going to visit Janet tonight 6. Do the boys like whiskey ? _______________________________
a. _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________ 7. Does Bill like jam ? _______________________________
7. The committee has announced the results of the exams _______________________________
a. _____________________________________________________________ 8. Do you like peanut butter ? _______________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________
8. We should learn our lessons every day 9. Does he like chocolate paste ? _______________________________
a. _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________ 10. Do you like ice-cream ?? _______________________________
9. The students may have done their homework _______________________________
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
10. The secretary didn’t type the letter
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________

exercise 3 : (To practice short answers, affirmative and negative statements with
LIKE and WANT)
answer the following questions with affirmative short answers. Then affirmative and
negative statements. Use the verb WANT Then affirmative and negative statements.
Use the verb WANT and the form ANY in the negative. For example :
Do you like eggs ? Yes, I do
I like eggs, but I don’t want any
Does Mary like tomatoes ? Yes, she does
She likes tomatoes, but she doesn’t want
any
1. Do you like apples ? _______________________________
_______________________________
2. Does Mary like cabbage ? _______________________________
_______________________________
3. Does John like bananas ? _______________________________
_______________________________
4. Do you like honey ? _______________________________
_______________________________
5. Do you like orange ? _______________________________
_______________________________
VERB PATTERN 2 5. There is a group of verb that takes a plain infinitive as object. These are the
auxiliary verb; do, does, did (emphatic), as in : He did come yesterday; can,
In this pattern the object is a to-infinitive, which may be preceded by not. Example : may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, would, need and dare.
The phrases had better and would rather also belong to this the group, as in :
Subject + Verb (not) to-infinitive etc. You’d better start at once
1. Please try to do better next time I’d rather not go
2. Do they want to go ?
3. Do we have to change trains here ? Exercise1 : (To contrast the use of to-infinitive and bare infinitive). Substitute the
4. It has begun to rain following words and make the necessary changes. For example :
5. It came on to rain
6. He decided not to go HE LEARNED TO SPEAK ENGLISH
7. He pretended not to see me tried He tried to speak English
8. Would you like to come with me ? should He should speak English
9. Did you remember to post the letter? I I should speak English
10. Please don’t forget to look up the word read the lesson I should read the lesson
have I have to read the lesson
Notes : should try I should try read the lesson
1. Nos. 4 and 5. The subject is impersonal it must I must
2. The phrasal verb come on mean start, begin
3. What is the subject in nos. 1 and 10? Continue :
4. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are : 1. they 11. had better 21. plan
attempt guarantee prefer 2. need 12. I 22. might
begin have pretend 3. like 13. hope 23. want
cease hope promise 4. try 14. expect 24. can
come on intend propose 5. would 15. write the words 25. we
commence learn refuse 6. we 16. intend 26. should
continue like regret 7. all of us 17. promise 27. should start
dare love remember 8. learn structures 18. decide 28. she
decide mean (intend) start 9. you 19. write the letter 29. speak clearly
desire need swear 10. ought 20. will 30. is learning
endeavour offer try
expect ought (aux) want
fear plan wish
forget
Continue and write : 18. will try ______________________________________
31. has ______________________________________ 19. should promise ______________________________________
32. would like ______________________________________ 20. can learn ______________________________________
33. would rather ______________________________________ 21. might want ______________________________________
34. must try ______________________________________ 22. would rather ______________________________________
35. will ______________________________________ 23. need ______________________________________
36. is going to learn ______________________________________ 24. begin to learn ______________________________________
37. will attempt ______________________________________
38. would like to try ______________________________________ exercise 3 : (To practice this pattern with not to-infinitive). Listen to the statements
39. had better ______________________________________ about John. Make corresponding statements about Mary using not before the to-
40. study English ______________________________________ infinitive.

Exercises 2 : (To practice this pattern in questions and short answers). Make For example :
questions with the following words and the infinitive READ. Use HE as the subject John tried to speak loudly Mary tried not to speak loudly
and give the short answers. John is planning to go Mary is planning not to go

For example : 1. John must try to work hard ____________________________

can Can he read ? Yes, he can 2. John promised to go ____________________________
have Does he have to read ? Yes, he does 3. John prefers to do it now ____________________________
is trying Is he trying to read ? Yes, he is 4. John can learn to speak loudly ____________________________
would rather Would he rather read ? Yes, he would 5. John must promise to do it ____________________________
should learn Should he learn to read ? Yes, he should 6. John will continue to answer ____________________________
7. John should try to take a nap ____________________________
Continue : 8. John pretended to do his work ____________________________
1. plan 6. intend 11. like 9. John proposed to work overtime ____________________________
2. expect 7. need 12. prefer
3. will 8. should 13. refuse Exercise 4 : (To practice this pattern with the infinitive implied). Substitute the
4. mean 9. try 14. might following words. Use to when necessary.
5. can learn 10. has decided 15. will promise For example :
He didn’t go, but he plans to.
Continue and write :
16. would like ______________________________________
17. is trying ______________________________________
wanted He didn’t go, but he wanted to 4. Do you like to get up early ? (must) ___________________________
can He didn’t go, but he can 5. Do you want to study tonight ? (will try) _______________________
is planning He didn’t go, but he is planning to 6. Do you meet the chairman ? (would like) _______________________
might He didn’t go, but he might 7. Do you have to take a four-year
would like He didn’t go, but he would like to course ? (have planned) ___________________________
8. Are you going to the movie tonight ?
continue : (have promised) ___________________________
1. plans 6. expected 11. hoped 9. Will he pay for the ticket ? (should) ___________________________
2. intended 7. would love 12. would like 10. Does Mary play tennis ? (is learning) __________________________
3. might 8. could 13. will try 11. Did you see the new play ? (would like) ________________________
4. had promised 9. hopes 14. will 12. Did John talk to his teacher ? (could) __________________________
5. should 10. ought 15. had intended 13. Does she understand French ? (is learning) _____________________
14. Do the students speak English ? (should try) ____________________
Continue and write : 15. Do you need to see her ? (might) ___________________________
16. is hoping _____________________________________________
17. might _____________________________________________
18. will have _____________________________________________
19. had decide _____________________________________________
20. should _____________________________________________
21. wanted _____________________________________________
22. was planning _____________________________________________
23. would like _____________________________________________
24. will _____________________________________________
25. had expected _____________________________________________

exercise 5 : (To practice this pattern with the infinitive implied in short answers).
Answer the following questions with NO, BUT and the words in brackets. For
example :
Does he have to go? (plan) No, but he plans to
Does he want to go ? (plan) No, but he should
Does they every day (have) No. but they have to

1. Do you study every day ? (should) ___________________________

2. Did you go to America ? (want) ___________________________
3. Did you get the letter ? (am expecting) _________________________
VERB PATTERN 3 dare (= challenge) love trouble
decide mean (=intend) urge
In this pattern the verb is followed by a noun or a pronoun and a to infinitive, so determine oblige want
closely connected that they form unit. This is sometimes called ‘the accusative and encourage order warn
infinitive construction’. Example : entreat permit wish
Subject + Verb (pro) noun (not) to-infinitive etc
1. I don’t want anyone to know 3. Note the difference between VP 2 and VP 3 in :
2. Will you help me to carry this box ? I want to go. (the subject of the inf. is I)
3. We can’t allow them to do that I want him to go. (the subject of the inf. is him)
4. He likes his wi fe to dress well
5. Didn’t I tell you not to smoke here ? Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern in statements)
6. Who taught her to swim ? Substitute the following words. For example :
7. Did he mean us to know ? I wanted you to go
8. The rain caused the weed to grow fast Asked I asked you to go
9. I’ve warned you all not to be late Expected I expected you to go
10. Did you advise your sister to accept the offer ? Have breakfast I expected you to have breakfast
We We expected you to have breakfast
Notes : Him We expected him to have breakfast
1. Note the passive constructions :
No. 3. They can’t be allowed to do that Continue :
No. 7 Were we meant to know ? 1. asked 6. Mr. George 11. them
No. 9. You all have been warned not to be late 2. wanted 7. advised 12. spell the words
3. they 8. the teacher 13. teaches
2. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are : 4. her 9. helps 14. practice the
advise expect persuade 5. become a nurse 10. carry the books pattern
allow force prefer 15. encourages
ask hate prepare
(can’t) bear help press (= urge) Continue and write :
beg instruct promise 16. us ___________________________________________
cause intend remind 17. advised ___________________________________________
challenge invite request 18. instructs ___________________________________________
choose lead (= cause) teach 19. answer the questions_________________________________________
command leave tell 20. encourages ___________________________________________
compel like temp 21. persuaded ___________________________________________
 22. come to the party ___________________________________________
23. invited ___________________________________________
24. him ___________________________________________
25. we ___________________________________________
26. permitted ___________________________________________
27. told ___________________________________________
28. to study hard ___________________________________________
29. them ___________________________________________
30. urged ___________________________________________
exercise 2 : (To practice this pattern in answers). Answer the following questions
using the suggested words.
For example :
What do you want me to do ? (come on time)
- I want you to come on time
What did he ask you to do ? (do the homework)
- He asked me to do the homework
1. What does he want her to do ? (write the letters)
_____________________________________________________________
2. What did she expect him to do ? (go to the party)
_____________________________________________________________
3. What does your father want from you ? (become a guide)
_____________________________________________________________
4. What did Mary promise you ? (discuss the problem)
_____________________________________________________________
5. What does the teacher teach you ? (speak English)
_____________________________________________________________
6. What did the teacher teach you ? (speak English)
_____________________________________________________________
7. What did you instruct the boys to do ? (practice their English)
_____________________________________________________________
8. What does she urge you to go ? (work regularly)
_____________________________________________________________
9. What did they tell you ? (learn Japanese)
_____________________________________________________________
10. What do you expect from her ? (listen to my advise)
_____________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practice this pattern with not to-infinitive)
Listen to the negative statements about Bill. Make a corresponding positive
statement about Mary using not before the to-infinitive. For example :
Bill didn’t ask me to speak loudly
- Mary asked me not to speak loudly
1. Bill didn’t promise me to come early
_____________________________________________________________
2. Bill didn’t expect me to go
_____________________________________________________________
3. Bill didn’t want him to read the lesson
_____________________________________________________________
4. Bill didn’t advise me to teach English
_____________________________________________________________
5. Bill didn’t force her to tell the truth
_____________________________________________________________
6. Bill didn’t force him to go to the party
_____________________________________________________________
7. Bill didn’t tell the students to be late
_____________________________________________________________
8. Bill didn’t compel her to study too hard
_____________________________________________________________
9. Bill didn’t ask the students to speak to fast
Exercise 4 : (To practice this pattern in replies with the infinitive implied). Listen to
the statements. Reply to them with the suggested words. For example :
She didn’t come to the party last night. (ask)
- I asked her not to
1. They didn’t go to the movie yesterday. (advise)
_____________________________________________________________
2. The students didn’t attend class yesterday. (ask)
_____________________________________________________________
3. Mary didn’t come to the party last night. (advise)
_____________________________________________________________
4. The children didn’t talk too much. (teach)
_____________________________________________________________
5. She didn’t get up late this morning. (force)
_____________________________________________________________
6. The student didn’t come late yesterday. (urge)
_____________________________________________________________
7. Bill didn’t teach last week. (expect)
_____________________________________________________________
8. She didn’t punish them. (expect)
_____________________________________________________________
9. Janet didn’t tell me anything. (tell)
_____________________________________________________________
10. She didn’t go to school yesterday. (want)
_____________________________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To practice this pattern in passive construction)
Convert the following sentences into the passive construction
Remember to use TO BE + Past Participle. Leave out by phrase. For example :
I asked him to come early : He was asked to come early
1. She told her to study hard
_____________________________________________________________
2. They have taught her not to smoke
_____________________________________________________________
3. They advised me to reach here
_____________________________________________________________
4. The teacher instructs the students to answer the question
_____________________________________________________________
5. I should force them to speak English every day
_____________________________________________________________
6. She persuaded me to go to the party with her
_____________________________________________________________
7. I allow the children to go on foot
_____________________________________________________________
8. They wont allow her to go out alone
_____________________________________________________________
9. The teacher encouraged the students to practice their conversation
_____________________________________________________________
10. His wife always urges him to work regularly
_____________________________________________________________
11. Should I ask them to come to your house every week ?
_____________________________________________________________
12. You should have taught them to pronounce the words
_____________________________________________________________
13. Have they instructed the students to distribute the papers ?
_____________________________________________________________
14. I will advise them not to work too hard
_____________________________________________________________
15. The teachers have always urged the students not to come late
_____________________________________________________________
VERB PATTERN 4 3. Note the word order in relative clauses :
This costom, which I think (to be) barbarous, should be abandoned.
Verbs used in this pattern are chiefly verb that indicate an opinion, judgment, The visitor, whom I guessed to be about fifty, came to see you.
belief, supposition, declaration, or a mental (not physical) perception. The (the object, which is a relative pronoun, is shifted before the subject)
pattern is typical of formal style. In formal style it is more usual to have a
that-clause after the verb. 4. If in the place of (Pro) noun we have a that-clause or an infinitive
The direct object may be a (pro) noun or a noun clause with what. The phrase, we use the pattern :
infinitive to be is often omitted. For past time to have been is used. This That-clause
cannot be omitted. S + V + it + Complement +
Infinitive phrase
Examples :
Subject + Verb (Pro) noun (to be) complement etc Preparatory it follows the verb and to be does not occur before the
1. People supposed him (to be) innocent complement. Examples :
2. They proved him (to be) wrong Subject + Verb it complement clause/to-inf phrase
3. Do you think him (to be) a good worker ? 1. Do you it odd that I live by myself ?
4. I consider what he said (to be) unimportant think it a pity (that) you didn’t try harder
5. Do you believe such inquiries (to be) useful ? 2. I think it wrong to cheat in examinations
6. They supposed her (to be) a widow 3. We all it unwise to climb the mountain
7. They have proved themselves (to be) worthy of promotion consider without a guide ?
8. I guest her (to be) about fifty 4. Do you
9. We believe it to have been a mistake think
10. They knew the man to have been a spy
5. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are :
Notes : acknowledge guess see
1. In informal style we should say : consider imagine suppose
No. 1 : People supposed that he was innocent declare judge suspect
No. 3 : Do you think (that) he’s a good worker ? deny know think
No. 9 : We believe (that) it was a mistake feel prove understand
No. 10 : They knew (that) the man had been a spy find realize
report
2. Example of the passive :
No. 1 : He was supposed (to be) innocent Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern with various verbs and complements).
No. 4 : What he said is considered (to be) unimportant Substitute the following words :
No. 9 : It is believed to have been a mistake For example :
I think him to be wrong
For example : 4. We find him to be very friendly
________________________________________________________
I think him to be wrong 5. Do you think him unkind ?
a good man I think him to be a good man ________________________________________________________
find I find him to be a good man 6. Don’t think me jealous of your wife
know I know him to be a good man ________________________________________________________
7. We suspect him to have been a spy
Continue : ________________________________________________________
1. believe 6. guilty 11. unimportant 8. They guessed her to be about seventeen
2. innocent 7. them 12. they ________________________________________________________
3. suspected 8. wrong 13. proved 9. Will you believe it to be true ?
4. we 9. considered 14. useful ________________________________________________________
5. the prisoner 10. what he said 15. themselves 10. We all felt the plan to be unwise
________________________________________________________
Continue and write :
16. worthy of promotion ___________________________________ Exercise 3 : (To practice this pattern used in relative clauses).
17. friendly ___________________________________ Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second a relative
18. her ___________________________________ clauses. For example :
19. a spy ___________________________________ The prisoner should be set free. I think he’s innocent
20. knew ___________________________________ The prisoner, whom I think innocent, should be set free
21. we ___________________________________ This method should be used. I think it is useful
22. a good lecturer ___________________________________ This method, which I think useful, should be used
23. know ___________________________________ 1. The girl went abroad. We supposed she was a widow.
24. Mr. George (obj.) ___________________________________ ________________________________________________________
25. consider ___________________________________ 2. A visitor came to see me. I guessed he was about fifty.
________________________________________________________
exercise 2 : (To practice the informal style from this pattern) 3. The prisoner was punished. They considered he was guilty
make a corresponding statement using the informal style. ________________________________________________________
For example : 4. The survey should be carried out. We believe it is useful
Most people supposed him to be innocent ________________________________________________________
- Most people supposed that he was innocent 5. Mr. Smith is leaving for London. We find he is a good teacher
________________________________________________________
1. I believe her to be a good teacher 6. Mr. Green has come back from Wales. We know he’s a good/lecturer.
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
2. I think her to be innocent
________________________________________________________
3. I consider what he said to be of little importance
________________________________________________________
 7. Jack has been converted to Islam. They declared he was a Catholic.
________________________________________________________
8. I met a stranger. I judged he was about forty
________________________________________________________
9. The man was put to prison. They believed he was a spy.
________________________________________________________
10. This book should be studied thoroughly. I consider it is very helpful.
________________________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To practice the passive construction of this pattern). Convert the
following sentences into the passive construction. Don’t forget TO BE + P.P.
Leave out by phrase. For example :
They considered him to be a good worker
- He was considered to be a good worker
1. You should consider it a mistake
________________________________________________________
2. We believe them to be innocent
________________________________________________________
3. They suspected him to be guilty
________________________________________________________
4. All the neighbours supposed him to be a widower
________________________________________________________
5. I found the people to be friendly
________________________________________________________
6. They have proved the prisoners to be guilty
________________________________________________________
7. Everybody reported him to be the best student in his class
________________________________________________________
8. We all know Mr. Green to be a good lecturer
________________________________________________________
9. We felt policy to be unwise
________________________________________________________
10. They considered what he said to be a great non sense.
________________________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To practice this pattern with preparatory it).
Listen to the statements. Make a corresponding statement in this pattern with
the suggested words.
For example :
It’s unwise to go to bed too late. (Do you think)
Do you think it unwise to go to bet too late ?
1. It’s honour to serve you. (I consider)
________________________________________________________
2. It’s dangerous for a girl to go out alone. (we think)
________________________________________________________
3. It’s foolish to spend your money on lottery tickets. (I consider)
________________________________________________________
4. It’s a great compliment that the President visited us. (We all think)
________________________________________________________
5. It’s a great to cheat in examinations. (The teachers consider)
________________________________________________________
6. It’s dangerous to climb the mountain without a guide. (The people
believe)
________________________________________________________
7. It’s a great mistake that he didn’t tell me the truth. (I think)
________________________________________________________
8. It’s wise to practice your English regularly. (We all think)
________________________________________________________
9. It’s stupid that they work only for the examinations. (We consider)
________________________________________________________
10. It’s a pity that she didn’t come to the party last night. (John thinks)
________________________________________________________
VERB PATTERN 5 4. I’ve never her lose her temper
known the students do the work
In this pattern the verb is used with a (pro) noun and a bare infinitive. The 5. I would have
verbs used in this pattern are divided into tow groups :
Notes :
A : Verbs that indicate physical perceptions. These verbs can also be used 1. The verb help can also be used in VP 3 (with a to-infinitive) :
with a present participle with a difference in meaning (see VP 6). No. 3 : Shall I help you to carry those books ?
Examples : 2. The to-infinitive is needed in the passive. Examples :
No. 1 : I was made to do it
Subject + Verb (Pro) noun Infinitive etc. No. 4 : She’s never been known to lose her temper
1. Watch the boy jump 3. The verb know is used in this pattern mainly in the perfect tenses. The
2. Did you see him go out ? meaning is ‘see’, ‘hear’, or ‘have knowledge of’.
3. Did anyone hear John leave the room ? 4. The verb have in this pattern means want to like
4. We felt the house shake No. 5 : I want the student to do the work
5. Did you notice anyone come in ? 5. The verbs used in this pattern are :
have know make
Notes : help let
1. In the passive construction the to-infinitive is needed.
For example : Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern in statements)
No. 2 : Was he seen to go out ? Substitute the following words. For example :
No. 3 : Was John heard to leave the room ? She had made me do it
No. 4 : The house was felt to shake saw She saw me do it
him She saw him do it
2. The verbs used in this pattern are : go out She saw him go out
feel see
hear notice watch Continue :
look at observe 1. heard 6. the boy 11. notice
2. tell a lie 7. learn English 12. make this
3. made 8. have mistake
B : Verbs that do not indicate physical perceptions and are not normally 4. they 9. the teacher 13. have known
used with a present participle 5. let 10. watch 14. we
15. some people
Examples :
Subject + Verb (Pro) noun Infinitive etc. Continue and write :
1. They made me do it 16. have heard ______________________________________
2. Let me go
3. Shall I help you carry those books ?
 17. notice ______________________________________ 24. drive ______________________________________
18. the student ______________________________________ 25. watched ______________________________________
19. practice the
conversation ______________________________________ exercise 3 : (For reproduction of bare infinitive and to-infinitive in
20. observe ______________________________________ sentences). Combine the following pairs of sentences insert TO when
21. make ______________________________________ necessary. For example :
22. let ______________________________________ I asked John. He helped me
23. have ______________________________________ I asked John to help me
24. have listened to ______________________________________ Mary bought a hat. I saw her
25. look at ______________________________________ I saw Mary buy a hat

exercise 2 : (To contrast this pattern with VP 3). Substitute the following 1. They asked me. I joined the study class
words. insert TO when necessary. ________________________________________________________
For example : 2. The teacher let him. He spoke to the class
The dealer persuade me to Buy the car ________________________________________________________
Made The dealer made me Buy the car 3. We’ve encouraged the students. They speak English
Wanted The dealer wanted me to Buy the car ________________________________________________________
Sell The dealer wanted me to Sell the car 4. The participants had their picture taken. I took it
________________________________________________________
Continue : 5. I helped Mary. She wrote a composition
1. told 6. urged 11. let ________________________________________________________
2. watched 7. service 12. encouraged 6. We saw a lightning. It struck a coconut tree
3. her 8. wanted 13. repair ________________________________________________________
4. made 9. I 14. persuaded 7. We observed the sky. It turned very dark
5. asked 10. saw 15. noticed ________________________________________________________
8. We drive carefully. The police tell us
Continue and write : ________________________________________________________
16. heard ______________________________________ 9. The thief jumped out of the window. The people saw him
17. the teacher ______________________________________ ________________________________________________________
18. have known ______________________________________ 10. The weeds grow fast. The rain has caused them
19. advised ______________________________________ ________________________________________________________
20. observed ______________________________________
21. had ______________________________________ Exercise 4 : (To practice the passive constructions with VP 3 and VP 5).
22. forbade ______________________________________ Convert the following sentences into the passive constructions. Remember :
23. helped ______________________________________ in VP 5 the TO-INF, is needed in the passive construction. Make sure your
sentences contain
BE + PASS PARTICIPLE. Leave out by-phrase

1. People saw the thief run away

________________________________________________________ 10. He watched the men (unlock)…………… the door easily
2. Did anyone hear him leave the room ? 11. You’d better (tell) …………. your students (not smoke)……..in the
________________________________________________________ class rooms
3. We should make the students come on time 12. She’s made me (promise) ………… (see) …………. her again
________________________________________________________ 13. I’d rather (have) ………….. them (practice)………. in class
4. Will your parents allow you to go with me ? 14. I forgot (tell) …………….. her (not left) …………her husband (go)
________________________________________________________ ……… out without her
5. I’ve never known Dr. Murphy come late 15. She might (allow) ………. You (study) ………… abroad
________________________________________________________
6. Shall we ask them to come earlier ?
________________________________________________________
7. I watched the driver jump into the water
________________________________________________________
8. The teachers observe the students do the test
________________________________________________________
9. Has the lecturer made his students understand his lesson ?
________________________________________________________
10. I’ve always encouraged the students to speak English with me
________________________________________________________

Exercise 5 : (To review VP 2, VP 3 and VP 5)

Use a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive for the verbs in brackets
1. What caused them (fail) ………………. in their exams ?
2. You shouldn’t (make) ………………….. her (cry)…… again
3. Has she decided (go) ……………………. to the party tonight ?
4. You have (let) …………… them (do) ………. the work by
themselves
5. The students should (be) ……….. made (come) ……. regularly
6. Did you (hear) …………….. John (go) ……………. out ?
7. She’s never been known (tell)……………… a lie
8. Would he (have) …………. the student (attend)……… class
tomorrow ?
9. You must (try) ………… (speak) …………… English with your
friends
VERB PATTERN 6 hear observe smell
listen to perceive watch
In this pattern the verb is used with a (pro) noun and a present participle. Like look at
in VP 5, the verbs used in this pattern are also divided into two groups :
B : Verbs that do not indicate perceptions, and cannot be used in VP .
A : Verbs that indicate physical perceptions with a difference in meaning examples :
from those used in VP 5. see the notes below. Subject + Verb (Pro) noun Present Participle
Examples : 1. I Found him working at his desk
2. You Mustn’t them waiting
Subject + Verb (Pro) noun Present Participle etc. Keep the engine running
1. I saw the boy crossing the road 3. You Had Better me waiting outside
2. I heard him giving orders Start him stealing the money
3. Can you smell something burning ? 4. They left
4. I could feel her heart beating rapidly 5. I caught
5. We listened to the band playing in the park
Notes :
Notes : 1. The passive construction is the same as for Group A :
1. Compare the following sentences : No. 1 : He was found working at his desk
I saw the boy cross the road (VP 5) No. 2 : They mustn’t be kept waiting
I saw the boy crossing the road (VP 6) 2. The chief verbs in this pattern are :
catch keep pass
VP 5 suggests a completed activity find leave set
VP 6 suggest an activity in progress imagine meet start
The difference may be seen by means a comparison with the simple and
progressive tenses : exercise 1 : (For reproduction of present participle in sentences)
‘I saw the boy cross the road means : the boy crossed the road, and I saw him combine the following pairs of sentences to make statements in this pattern.
do his. For example :
‘I saw the boy crossing the road’ means : the boy was crossing the road when I heard him. He was talking to his friends
I saw him. I heard him talking to his friends
The boys were playing. We found them
2. The present participle remains in the passive construction : We found the boys playing
No. 1 : The boy was seen crossing the road 1. We passed an old man. He was sitting beside the road
No. 2 : He was heard giving orders ________________________________________________________
3. The verbs used in this pattern are : 2. John watched the solders. They were marching in the street
feel notice see ________________________________________________________
 3. The students are waiting for us. We mustn’t keep them. 5. I was wondering what happen next. (The news left me)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
4. I was waiting outside. They left me. 6. He was stealing apples from my garden. (I caught)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
5. The thief was stealing the money. The police caught him 7. The students attended classes regularly. (We should make)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
6. I heard the leaves. They were moving in the trees 8. The students are waiting for us. (We mustn’t keep)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
7. I could feel her heart. It was beating rapidly 9. She goes out alone at night. (Will her parents let)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
8. He left his coat. It was hanging on a hook 10. Something is burning. (Can you smell)
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
9. Miss Jackson looked at Sam. He was jumping into the water.
________________________________________________________ Exercise 3 : (To contrast the use of VP 3, VP 5 and VP 6)
10. Janet was doing her homework. I found her Substitute the following words making the necessary changes.
________________________________________________________ For example :
I asked him to come earlier
Exercise 2 : (To contrast the use of VP 5 and VP 6) made I made him come earlier
Listen to the statements. Make a corresponding statement using either VP 5 do the homework I made him do the homework
or VP 6 according to the words suggested in brackets. For example : found I found him doing the homework
John left the room. (I saw)
I saw John leave the room Continue :
The students were working hard. (We found) 1. steal the money 6. run 11. The police
We found the students working hard 2. the thief away 12. wonder what
3. caught 7. the happened
1. Mary sang in the consert. (I heard) 4. we people 13. me
________________________________________________________ 5. say 8. them 14. the news
2. The boys jumped over the wall. (We watched) 9. let 15. caused
________________________________________________________ 10. made
3. The teacher was talking to John. (Did you hear)
________________________________________________________ Continue and write :
4. The man came in. (Did anyone notice) 16. left _________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 17. he _________________________________________
17. a.let _________________________________________
18. fail in my exam ________________________________________
19. expected _________________________________________

20. made _________________________________________
21. study the lesson________________________________________
22. urged _________________________________________
23. imagined _________________________________________
24. him _________________________________________
25. I _________________________________________
26. have never known______________________________________
27. his father _________________________________________
28. have told _________________________________________
29. try to make _________________________________________
30. drive carefully _________________________________________
exercise 4 : (To practices the passive, construction with VP 3, VP 5 and VP
6). Convert the following sentences into the passive construction. Do not
forget : be + p.p
remember : in VP 5 the to-inf. is needed in the passive construction. For
example :
I heard him giving orders
He was heard giving orders
I saw the thief run away
The thief was seen to run away
1. They caught the boys stealing oranges
________________________________________________________
2. You should make the students attended classes regularly
________________________________________________________
3. We expected Dr. Murphy to give his lectures
________________________________________________________
4. Did you see her go out ?
________________________________________________________
5. I’ve never known him smile to anybody
________________________________________________________
6. You shouldn’t have kept me waiting so long
________________________________________________________
7. Did you hear John sing in the concert ?
________________________________________________________
8. I found many students cheating in their exams
________________________________________________________
9. She asked me to accompany her to the party
________________________________________________________
10. Can you see the smoke coming out of the house ?
________________________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To review VP 2, VP 3, VP 5, and VP 6 in the active and the
passive constructions)
Put the verb in brackets into the correct from
1. What made him (get) …………… so angry ?
2. They have been made (obey) ………….. the law
3. I found the girl (sleep) ………… in her bed
4. When I passed his house I heard him (sing) ………….
5. Mr. Smith was seen (get) ………….. of the bus
6. She’s never been known (get) ………. Angry
7. Can we expect her (keep) ………. Her promise ?
8. We should help her (carry) ………………………. those books to the
library
9. Should we let the students (study) ……… in the lab ?
10. The students are not allowed (talk) ……………… during the
examinations
11. Do we have (watch) ………. The students (do)
…………………………. Their exams ?
12. She couldn’t (imagine) ………………her husband (drive) …….........
alone to Jakarta
13. We’d better (try) …………………. (not keep) ……..……….. people
(wait) …… for us
14. The syndicate was caught (force) ………………. The man (try)
……………(rob) ………… the bank
15. What would you (have) .………….. the students (study) ……………
for the next examinations ?
TEST : VP 1 – VP 6 6. What made you ___ so ?
a. think
Choose the correct answer : b. thought
c. to think
1. This climate ___ me d. thinking
a. not suits
b. doesn’t suit 7. I cant imagine such an old man ___ the mountain
c. suits to a. climb
d. not to suit b. to climb
c. climbing
2. Would you like ___ with me ? d. climbs
a. come
b. coming 8. He is known ___ a good lecturer
c. comes a. is
d. came b. has been
c. to be
3. You’d better ____ to your parents ? d. being
a. write
b. written 9. He’s never been known ___ his temper
c. to write a. lose
d. writing b. to lose
c. losing
4. What caused the weeds ___ fast ? d. loose
a. to grow
b. growing 10. The dress __ sent to the dry cleaner’s
c. grow a. had been better
d. grew b. had be better
c. had better be
5. They all supposed him ___ innocent ? d. had to be better
a. being
b. be 11. The news left me ___ what had happened
c. was a. wonder
d. ___ b. to wonder
c. wondering
d. wondered
12. The students are instructed ___ the exercises at home 18. Watch the boys ____ !
a. to do a. jump
b. doing b. to jump
c. do c. is jumping
d. was doing d. jumps

13. Try ___ in you examinations 19. I met the professor ____ to the library
a. don’t cheat a. go
b. to not cheat b. to go
c. learning c. going
d. learned d. was going

14. Need they ___ the examples by heart ? 20. What time ___ breakfast ?
a. learn a. he has
b. to learn b. has he
c. learning c. does he have
d. learned d. does he has

15. It would be better ___ the paper once again 21. She ___ got to do everything by herself
a. examine a. hasn’t
b. to examine b. doesn’t have
c. examining c. hasn’t to
d. examined d. doesn’t

16. Do you think ___ a good lecturer ? 22. The Prince found her ___ soundly
a. him is a. was sleeping
b. he b. sleeping
c. he is c. slept
d. is d. to sleep

17. The thief was seen __ out of the house 23. Did you really hear him ___ the door open ?
a. run a. broke
b. to run b. to break
c. was running c. break
d. ran d. was breaking
24. The people should be made ___ by the law 30. ___ asked not to come again next week ?
a. abide a. Did she
b. to abide b. Did she have
c. abode c. Has been she
d. were abode d. Has she been

25. She was always urged ___ too hard

a. don’t work
b. to not work
c. not working
d. not to work

26. He was compelled by illness ___ his studies

a. to give up
b. giving up
c. give up
d. had given up

27. He may need ___ some money from you

a. borrow
b. to borrow
c. borrowing
d. will borrow

28. He isn’t back yet. He ___ an accident

a. might had
b. has might
c. may have had
d. has may had

29. I was left ___ outside, cold and miserable

a. to wait
b. waiting
c. was waiting
d. was waited
VERB PATTERN 7 3. When cut short is used, the adjective may precede even a short object,
but not a personal pronoun.
In this pattern the verb is followed by an object (noun of pronoun) and a
predicative adjective that modifies the object. Very often the adjective He cut short the introduction
denotes a state or a condition that results from the action indicated by the But : He cut it short
verb, as in the first ten examples. And sometimes the adjective indicates a
condition at the time indicated by the verb, as in the last examples. 4. When the object is a that clause, a dependent question, or a to-
infinitive, preparatory IT is used. It is placed between the verb and the
Example : adjective. For example :
Subject + Verb Object Adjective
1. Can you push The door Open ? He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
2. We had to break The trunk Open You haven’t made it clear whether I am to go or not
3. The cat licked The saucer Clean The blister on my heel made it painful to walk
4. We hammered (beat) The iron Flat
5. She boiled The eggs Hard 5. Examples of the passive construction :
6. They beat The poor boy Black and blue No. 2 : The trunk had to be broken open
7. The sun keeps Us Warm No. 4 : The iron was hammered (beaten) flat
8. You’d better pack The dresses Flat No. 8 : The dresses had better be packed flat.
9. Open Your mouth Wide
10. The blister on my Walking Painful 6. Verbs commonly used in Vp 7 are :
heel made
11. I found The box Empty Bake (eg. Bake it hard) Beat Boil
12. I hope I see you Well Burn (eg. Burn it black) Colour Cut
Drive (drive her mad) Dye Fill
Notes : Find Get Hammer
1. No. 3 means : “The saucer was clean because the cat licked it” (a Keep Leave Lick
result) Like Make Paint
But No. 11 means : “I found the box and it was empty when I found it.” It See Set Sweep
is not the same as” I found the empty box.” (Explain the difference!). Turn Want Wash
Similarly : Wipe Wish
No. 12 means : “I hope you are well (now, when I see you).”

2. If the object is a long one, the adjective ma precede it.

Compare :
The governor set the prisoners free
The governor set free all the prisoners whose of fences were merely
political
 Exercise 1 : (To practise this pattern in statements) Substitute the 3. God created men. Men are equal.
following words. For example : ______________________________________________
4. He pushed the door. It was open after he had pushed it.
THEY WASHED THE CLOTHES WHITE __________________________________________________
Table They washed the table White 5. You have to break the trunk, so that it is open.
Painted They painted the table blue __________________________________________________
blue 6. The cat licked the plate until it was clean.
__________________________________________________
Continue : 7. The iron was flat because the blacksmith had hammered it.
1. car 6. kept 11. busy __________________________________________________
2. house 7. boy (obj) 12. lively 8. Because of the cold weather, the leaves turn yellow.
3. brown 8. happy 13. made __________________________________________________
4. wanted 9. interested (adj) 14. program 9. They beat the boy until he was black and blue.
5. clean (adj) 10. class 15. interesting __________________________________________________
10. We are warm. The sun has kept us so.
Continue and write : __________________________________________________
16. found ________________________________________
17. made ________________________________________ Exercises 3 : (To practise using this pattern in answers to question). Answer
18. good ________________________________________ the following questions using the suggested word. For example :
19. shoes ________________________________________
20. muddy ________________________________________ How do you like your coffee ? (black)
21. clean (adj) ________________________________________ - I like my coffee black.
22. kept ________________________________________ What colour did he paint his house ? (green)
23. house ________________________________________ - He painted his house green.
24. clothes ________________________________________
25. wash ________________________________________ 1. How did she cut her hair ? (short)
__________________________________________________
Exercises 2 : (To practise using this pattern from other statements). Change 2. What colour did Mary paint her finger nail? (pink)
the following sentences to fit the pattern. For example : __________________________________________________
The boys washed their shirts until they were clean.
- the boys washed their shirts clean.
I like hot coffee
- I like my coffee hot. (with a difference of meaning)
1. He cut my hair. It was short when he had finished.
_________________________________________________
2. Mr. Smith painted the house. He used green paint.
_________________________________________________
 3. When did the teacher want their work ready (by tomorrow)
__________________________________________________
4. How did they find the cupboard? (full of clothes)
__________________________________________________
5. How should I pack my dresses ? (flat)
__________________________________________________
6. How did she boil the eggs ? (hard)
__________________________________________________
7. How did they beat the boy ? (black and blue)
__________________________________________________
8. How should he open the door ? (wide)
__________________________________________________
9. What colour have you painted your house ? (green)
__________________________________________________
10. What time do you want this work ready (by 8 o’clock)
__________________________________________________
Exercises 4 : (To practise this pattern with the adjective preceding the object).
Make a corresponding statement using the ceding the object). Make a
corresponding statement using the suggested object, and make the necessary
changes. For example :
The Governor set the prisoners free. (all the prisoners in the country)
- The Governor set free all the prisoners in the country
1. He made his meaning clear. (his objection to the proposal)
__________________________________________________
2. She flung the window open. (all the windows in the house)
__________________________________________________
3. She swept the room clean. (every room in the hotel)
__________________________________________________
4. He slit the envelope open. (all the envelopes addressed to him)
__________________________________________________
5. We packed the clothes flat. (our pyjamas, suits and shirts)
__________________________________________________
6. The sun keeps us warm. (everybody in the town)
__________________________________________________
7. He set the people free. (those who were proved innocent)
__________________________________________________
8. She made the explanation clear. (whatever she explained to them)
__________________________________________________
9. The cat licked the soucer clean. (all the dishes in the kitchen)
__________________________________________________
10. They cut it short. (the introduction to the lesson)
__________________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To practise this pattern with preparatory IT). Substitute the
suggested words for the object. Use preparatory IT and make the necessary
changes. For example :
He made everything clear. (He objected to the proposal)
- He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
The blister on my heel made walking painful. (to walk).
- The blister on my heel made it painful to walk.
He made the meaning clear. (Am I to go?)
- He made it clear whether I was to go or not.
1. I found the lesson easy. (to do the exercises).
__________________________________________________
 2. He made the problems easy. (to uncerstand his lessons) __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. They haven’t made the questions clear. (Should I teach her ?) 7. You shouldn’t make it difficult to understand your lesson
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
4. She didn’t make the meaning clear. (What did she mean ?) 8. She found the cupboard empty
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
5. I’ve made everything clear. (I didn’t agree to his proposal) 9. John has made it clear that he is not guilty
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
6. She found the question difficult. (to make a decision) 10. They beat the thief black and blue
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
7. Visual aids make teaching easy. (To present the lesson)
__________________________________________________
8. The teacher has made the explanation clear. (I don’t’t have to teach
here)
__________________________________________________
9. This program makes the lesson interesting. (to teach in the elementary
school)
__________________________________________________
10. Lack of vocabulary makes reading difficult. (to understand what we
read)
__________________________________________________

Exercise 6 : (To practise this pattern in the passive construction). Convert the
following sentences into the passive construction. Remember to use : be +
past participle. Omit by-phrase. For example :

The cat licked the saucer clean.

- The saucer was licked clean
1. Should we have broken the trunk open ?
__________________________________________________
2. They have broken the trunk open
__________________________________________________
3. The governor set the prisoners free
__________________________________________________
4. He made it clear whether I was to go or not
__________________________________________________
5. They boiled the eggs hard
__________________________________________________
6. The blacksmith has beaten the iron flat
VERB PATTERN 8
Entitle Find Leave
In this pattern the verb has and object (noun or pronoun) and an object Name Nickname Nominate
complement (noun or noun clause). Examples : Select Make
Subject + Verb Object Adjective
1. They made Suharto President of Ind. Exercise 1 : (To practise this pattern in statements).
2. They wanted to Caesar King Substitute the following words. For example :
crown Mr. Grey (as) chairman. THE CLASS MADE JOHN TREASURER
3. They elected Him Manager The director The Director Made John Secretary
4. We appointed The company Hat it is today Appointed The Director Appointed John Secretary
5. He has made Him President Him The Director Appointed Him Secretary
6. They nominated The child Janet
7. The pastor baptized The baby Richard, but Continue :
8. They have named Him Dick. 1. Chairman 6. William (c) 11. Mary (s)
they call It What you will. 2. Selected 7. The pastor 12. Nicknames
9. Call The place A prosperous 3. Treasurer 8. Christened 13. Named
10. They found village 4. Named 9. Calls1 14. The President
It A ruin 5. They boy (obj) 10. Bill (c) 15. Secretary
But they left
Continue and write :
Notes : 16. Appointed : ______________________________________
1. The is normally not used in the complement as in the first examples 17. The Dean : ______________________________________
2. With choose and elect the complement may be preceded by as or for. 18. Made : ______________________________________
For example : 19. Mr. Brown (obj) :_____________________________________
Who will they choose as (for) a chief 20. Chairman : ______________________________________
I wonder who they will elect as chairman 21. Nominated : ______________________________________
22. We : ______________________________________
3. Examples of the passive construction : 23. Elected : ______________________________________
No. 1 : Suharto was made President Of Indonesia 24. Chose : ______________________________________
No. 4 : He was appointed manager 25. Manager : ______________________________________
No. 5 : The company has been made what it is today

4. The Common verbs used in this pattern are :

Appoint Baptize Call

Choose Christen Crown
Designate Dub (= nickname) elect
Exercises 2 : (To practise using this pattern in response to question). Answer
the following questions using this pattern with the suggested words. For
example :
Who did the people elect president in 1860 ? (Lincoln)
- They elected Lincoln President.
What do the boys call Robert ? (Bob)
- They call him Bob
1. What did you name your dog ? (Boppy)
__________________________________________________
2. What do call our Academy (ABA)
__________________________________________________
3. Who did the people elect president at the last election? (Mr. Carter)
__________________________________________________
4. Who appointed Mr. Green Head of the English Department ?
(the lecturers)
__________________________________________________
5. Who should they elect Director of ABA in 1981 ? (Mr. Grey)
__________________________________________________
6. What do you call your father ? (Daddy)
__________________________________________________
7. What do they call Richard ? (Dick)
__________________________________________________
8. Who do you call Mummy ? (my mother)
__________________________________________________
9. What has he made the Academy ? (what it is today)
__________________________________________________
10. Who did the British crown queen ? (Elizabeth)
__________________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practise this pattern in question). Convert the following
sentences into two questions. First, ask about the objects, then ask about the
complements. For example :
They elected Bani Sadr President of Iran
a. Who did they elect President of Iran ?
b. What did they elect Bani Sadr?
1. They nominated Mr. Ahmad manager.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
2. The lecturers should’ve elected Mr. Grey director.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
3. The Dutch have crowned Princess Beatrix queen.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
4. They would choose John chairman.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
5. They have named the baby Richard
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
6. We are going to nominate Mr. White Director of ABA
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
 7. People have nicknamed her Twiggy
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
8. George Orwell entitled his book “1984”.
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
9. He wanted to make Mr. Ahmad Head of Japanese Dept.
a. _______________________________________________
6. The students have named their organization IMABA.
__________________________________________________
7. The people found the place a prosperous village.
__________________________________________________
8. What do we call our Academy ?
__________________________________________________
9. They are going to choose Mary secretary
__________________________________________________
10. Who should we nominate chairman ?
__________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________
10. The MPR has elected Suharto President of Indonesia
a. _______________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________

Exercise 4 : (To practise the passive construction). Convert the following

sentences into the passive construction omitting by phrase. For example :

They elected Bani Sadr President

-___________________Bani Sadr was elected Predent

1. He has made the company what it is today

__________________________________________________
2. They shouldn’t have appointed him president.
__________________________________________________
3. Who should we elect President of Indonesia ?
__________________________________________________
4. What have they called her ?
__________________________________________________
5. Why did people nickname her Twiggy ?
__________________________________________________
 2. Have, as in Nos. 11 and 12, has an idea of ‘causing something to be
done (by another person)’, and is inter changeable with get. This use is
VERB PATTERN 9 therefore called ‘the causative use of have and get’. Thus
No. 11 means : I must ask someone (eg. The barber) to cut my hair.
In this pattern the verb is followed by an object (noun or pronoun) and a past And it should be noted therefore that (11) is not the same as I must cut
participle as predicative adjunct. my hair as this would imply that I cut my hair my self.
Example :

Subject + Verb Object Adjective

1. He couldn’t His voice Heard
make His influence Felt
2. He made Yourself Respected
3. You must My name Called 3. In Nos. 13 and 14, have has the meaning of ‘suffer’ or ‘experience’.
make The house Deserted With this meaning, get is not used.
4. I heard This opera Sung in Indonesian ? 4. In this pattern, have is a ‘full ver’, not an auxiliary, nor an anomalous
5. WE found A man Hanged ? verb. Therefore it can be used with other tenses :
6. Have you Towns Destroyed by bombing I am having my hair cut
ever heard Himself Lifted up Have had
7. Have you This work Finished quickly Will have
ever seen My hair Cut Etc.
8. He had The house Painted And DO is always used in the formation of negative and interrogative :
seen His head Cut off I don’t have my hair cut.
9. He felt Her purse Stolen Not * I haven’t my hair cut
10. I want Do you have your hair cut?
11. I must have Not * Have you your hair cut?
(get)
12. We shall 5. The verbs used in this pattern are :
have (get) Feel Find Hear
13. The King Like Make Prefer
had See Want wish
14. She has had Get Have

Notes : Exercise 1 : (To practisethis pattern in statements). Substitutte the

1. The past participle has a passive meaning. For example : No. 4 : following words. For example :
means : My name was called, and I heard it. In Indonesian we would say : HE WANTED THIS WORK FINISHED ON TIME
Saya mendengar nama saya di panggil. Liked He liked This work Finished on time
Done quickly He liked This work Done quickly
Continue :
1. They 6. I 11. The opera
 2. Made 7. Saw 12. Sung in 1. His influence was felt. He has made it
Indonesian ____________________________________________________
2. We found the village. It was deserted
_______________________________________________________
3. The thief was hanged. Did you see him ?
_______________________________________________________
4. Towns were destroyed by bombing. He had seen them
____________________________________________________

3. Preferred 8. The 13. Her heard

4. The assignment play 14. Prefer 5. English is spoken in my village. I’ve heard it.
5. Written in 9. liked 15. The people _______________________________________________________
English 10. Mar 6. This work must be done quickly. The teacher wants it
y _______________________________________________________
7. The egg should be fried. I like it
Continue and write : _______________________________________________________
16. wish : __________________________________ 8. I heard the song. It was sung in Indonesian
17. want : __________________________________ _______________________________________________________
18. found : __________________________________ 9. We saw the corruptor when he was punished
19. have heard : __________________________________ _______________________________________________________
20. the song : __________________________________ 10. His voice can be heard. He has tried to make it
21. Jane : __________________________________ _______________________________________________________
22. had : __________________________________
23. written for her : __________________________________ Exercise 3 : (To practisethe causative use of HAVE and GET). Make
24. the announcement _________________________________: corresponding statements to it the pattern using the suggested words. For
25. read to them : __________________________________ example :

Exercises 2 : (For production of this pattern from other statements). Change
the following sentences to fit the pattern. For example :
My name was called. I heard it
- I heard my name called
I heard the song. It was sung for the third time
- I heard the song sung for the third time
I asked the barber to cut my hair. (have)
- I had my hair cut
You’d better ask the dentist to pull out your tooth. (get)
- You’d better get your tooth pulled out.
1. Can I ask someone to paint my house tomorrow ? (have)
____________________________________________________
2. When are you going to print your paper ? (get)
 ____________________________________________________
3. The teacher wants us to do the work quickly. (have)
____________________________________________________
4. I want a builder to build my house. (have)
_______________________________________________________
5. He wants me to clean his room every day. (get)
_______________________________________________________
6. We should find someone to solve this problem immediately (have)
_______________________________________________________
7. Have you asked him to mend your shoes ? (have)
_______________________________________________________
8. Mr. John wants them to paint his house green. (get)
_______________________________________________________
9. We must find someone to see to it. (get)
_______________________________________________________
10. I didn’t ask him to clean my car yesterday. (have)
_______________________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To practisethe use of HAVE with the meaning ‘suffer’ or
‘experience’). Make a corresponding statement using HAVE For example :
Her handbag was stolen yesterday
- She had her hand bag stolen yesterday.
Our house has been broken into by thieves.
- We have had our house broken into by thieves
1. The soldier’s left leg was amputated.
____________________________________________________
2. The King’s head was cut off.
____________________________________________________
3. The windows of the house were broken by explosion
____________________________________________________
4. my purse was stolen by a pickpocket
____________________________________________________
5. Her finger was beaten by a hammer
____________________________________________________
6. The millionaire’s son has been kidnapped
____________________________________________________
7. All his teeth were pulled out
____________________________________________________
8. His house was burnt to the ground
____________________________________________________
9. My wrist was twisted when I fell
____________________________________________________
10. Their houses were robbed
____________________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To review the use of VP3, VP5, VP6 and VP9). Combine or
change the following statements to make a shorter utterance. For example :
I heard the song. It was sung twice
- I heard the song sung twice
I heard her. She was singing in the bathroom
- I heard her singing in the bathroom
I heard John. He sang in the concert
- I heard John sing in the concert
1. The people saw the thief. He ran away
____________________________________________________
2. We found the students. They were having a discussion
____________________________________________________

3. They found the village. It was deserted

____________________________________________________ 15. She was cheating in her exam. I’ve caught her.
4. The students came on time yesterday. Did you ask them ? ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. She comes late every day. We shouldn’t let her Exercise 6 : (To review VPs 3, 5 , 6 and 9 in various sentences and
____________________________________________________ constructions). Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms :
6. She heard me. I was talking about her
____________________________________________________ 1. We shouldn’t allow our children (spend) ___________their
7. The plants grow quickly. The rain has caused them money on useles things.
____________________________________________________
8. I saw the boy. He was beaten black and blue 2. Never let them (play) ________________any kind of games
____________________________________________________ of chance for money.
9. The students were waiting for the teacher. He shouldn’t have kept
3. The people should be trained (follow)_______________the
them.
regulation.
____________________________________________________
10. They didn’t do their homework. You shouldn’t let them. 4. I will have my house (build) _______________next month.
____________________________________________________
11. The teacher observed the students. They were doing the test. 5. She has never been known (neglect) _________________her
____________________________________________________ child.
12. She didn’t come to the party. Did you persuade her ?
____________________________________________________ 6. He should be made (behave) _____________________more
13. Your voice should be heard. Try to make it carefully.
____________________________________________________
7. When I got into the house, I smelt something (burn)_______
14. The criminal was hanged. Did you see him ?
____________________________________________________
 8. I could feel her heart (beat) ____________________ rapidly. 9. Since there weren’t enough lecturers I had some students ____
the class
9. She was about to leave the house when she heard her name a. top supervise b. supervise c. supervising d. supervised
(call) ___________ 10. Last month they ___ their shop broken into.
a. had b. got c. had have d. had got
10. He opened the door and found the princess (sleep)______ soundly
11. ____ had your paper printed ?
11. She would like to have her hair (cut)___________________short. a. Did you have b. Did you c. Have you d. Had you
12. The princess was found ____ soundly.
12. When I came, I found them (play) ___________________ chess. a. to sleep b. Sleeping c. slept d. was sleeping

13. I saw John (move) __________________the King, and left them.

14. I’ve promised myself never (visit)_________________ her again.

15. Don’t let (slip)______any opportunity of practicing your English.

TEST : VP 1 – VP 9

Choose the correct answer :

13. Please don’t keep us ____ too long.
a. waiting b. to wait c. wait d. waited
1. She has lived a happy _______
14. We all consider ____ a mistake to cheat in examinations
a. live b. living c. to live d. life
a. it to be b. it be c. it d. to be
2. Do we need ____ the questions ?
15. I think you’d better ____ your sentences.
a. write b. to write c. writing d. written
a. to rewrite b. rewrite c. rewriting d. rewritten
3. You _____ attend my lectures if you think it unnecessary
16. I have promised ___ to stop visiting her.
a. don’t need b. not need c. needn’t d. no need
a. me b. to me c. myself d. to myself
4. What’s made you ____ the exam ?
17. I wish I could catch him____ into the house.
a. Decided didn’t take c. Decide not to take
a. breaking b. was breaking c. to break d. broke
b. To decide not to take d. decide don’t take
18. He couldn’t afford it because he was____
5. I’ve always encouraged the students ___ English.
a. breaking b. was breaking c. to break d. broke
a. to speak b. speak c. speaking d. are speaking
19. You should ___ yesterday.
6. Have your ever heard thing song _____ in Indonesian ?
a. come b. came c. have come d. to come
a. sing b. to sing c. singing d. sung
20. you have to explain the questions ____
7. John has been appointed ____
a. clear b. clearly c. with clear d. clarity
a. secretary c. to be secretary
21. Can you make your statement ____ ?
b. as secretary d. for secretary
a. clearer b. more clearly c. with clear d. clarity
8. I had to the work ___ yesterday.
22. Your father ____ last week.
a. to do b. doing c. done d. to be done
a. might arrive b. may arrived c. may have arrived
d. has arrived
23. let’s ___ that. a. had not b. not had c. didn’t had d. didn’t have
a. not do b. don’t do c. not to do d. do not 38. Who is he ? I ___ one of our lecturers
24. We ____ at all yesterday, because we found that there were no a. think he is c. think he was
lectures. b. thought he was d. thought he is
a. needn’t come c. needn’t came 39. The criminal, ____ we considered innocent was punished
b. didn’t need to come d. needn’t have come a. who b. whom c. which d. that
25. The thief was heard ____ off the wall 40. Jane made it clear what ____
a. jumps b. jumped c. to jump d. jump a. did she mean c. she mean
26. Did you hear her ____ all night ? b. did she meant d. she meant
a. was crying b. cried c. to cry d. crying 41. I Think this cupboard should be broken ____
27. I heard the clock ____ twice before I went to bed a. to open b. open c. to be open d. to be opened
a. struck b. was striking c. strike d. stroke

28. _____ have they named their son ? 42. What was he before he became president ? I _____ a soldier
a. who b. what c. whom d. which a. think he is c. think he was
29. Open your mouth _____ b. thought he was d. thought he is
a. wide b. widely c. widen d. width 43. John, you’re still here ! I ___ in Jakarta now.
30. It would be better ___ the paper once again. a. think you are c. think you were
a. examine b. to examine c. examined d. examining b. thought you were d. thought you are
31. I ____ Sudanese 44. He’s never been known _____ his work
a. don’t know you are c. didn’t know you were a. neglect b. to neglect c. neglecting d. neglected
b. didn’t know you are d. don’t know you were 45. He’s never been known _____ his work
32. We found the cupboard ____ a. neglect b. to rain c. rained d. was raining
a. emptily b. empty c. emptiness d. emptying 46. He has cut his hair ______
33. The officers have been made ____ hard a. now b. every month c. last month d. next month
a. work b. working c. worked d. to work 47. He has his hair cut ______
34. The students are discussing ___ the questions. a. now b. every mont c. last month d. next month
a. on b. about c. for d. _____ 48. I must have my car ____ next month
35. I don’t think this dress suits ____ you a. service b. to service c. servicinig d. serviced
a. on b. about c. for d. _____ 49. What ____ elected ?
36. What time ____ your dinner ? a. he should’ve been c. should he have been
a. have you b. you have c. do you have d. had you b. should’ve he been d. should he has been
37. I _____ my car cleaned yesterday 50. They should’ve tried not to cheat
 This sentence means that they _______ No. 2 : Take off your coat !
a. tired to cheat c. didn’t try to cheat But when a pronoun is used, only one order is possible :
b. tried not to cheat d. tried didn’t cheat Put it on ! Take it off!
never * Put on it ! * Take off it !

2. When the object is long or when it is wished to make the object more
prominent, the AP is usually placed between the verb and its object.
Examples :
Subject + Verb AP Object
1. He gave Away Every penny he had
2. Your should put On The warmest clothes you
have
3. Please bring In Those chairs in the garden
4. She cleaned Out Every room in the house

VERB PATTERN 10 5. Don’t throw Away Anything that might be

useful
In this pattern the verb is followed by an object (noun or pronoun) and an
adverbial. The verbs that may be used in this pattern are almost all transitive 3. Verbs that combine with such particle are called phrasal verbs. Their
verbs and no list is therefore needed. meanings should be learned as a unit as very often the combination has a
meaning different from its parts. To give an example :
This pattern is subdivided according to the adverbial need : To put = menaruh, meletakkan
A. With an adverbial particle (AP) On = di atas
Subject + Verb Object AP To put on = mengenakan
1. Put Your hat On ! 4. The APs, as we can see from the above examples, consist of words
2. Take Your coat Off ! which are identical in form with pre-positions. They differ from the latter
3. They are sending Them Back in their functions. An AP, as the name suggests, modifies the verb, a
4. Have you given It Away ? preposition governs a noun or pronoun that normally follows it. And,
5. Bring Her In ! phonologically, an AP is stressed, a preposition is not. Compare :
(a) He ‘turned ‘off the ‘radio.
Notes : (b) He ‘turned off the ‘road.
1. This order is used when the object is a pronoun or when the object is When the object is a pronoun, an AP always follows it, while a
relatively short. In the latter case the AP may precede the object, for preposition always precedes it. Thus
example : (a)_________________________He turned it off.
No. 1 : Put on your hat ! (b)__________________________He turned off it.
 It is not always easy to distinguish an AP from a preposition in a certain 4. We took The children For a walk
construction. Observe 5. I found The book Under the table
(a)___________________He looked for the book.
(b)____________________He looked up the word Notes :
The difference can be seen as soon as pronouns are substituted for the 1. The adverbial phrase can be adverbial of place, direction, manner,
objects : result, purpose, etc.
(a)__________________________He looked for it 2. Unlike the AP, the adverbial phrase cannot normally be placed
(b)__________________________He looked it up. between a verb and its object, except when the object is unusually long,
Then it is clear that (a) contains a preposition, as it precedes the pronoun, or when there is a contrast between two adverbials. For example :
and (b) contains an AP, as it follows the pronoun. But how do we know Please put on this table all the books from the shelves in my
that. study and on that table all the books from the shelves in the
(a)_________________________*He looked it for living room.
(b)_________________________*He looked up it.

Are unacceptable ?
An answer is that we simply have to know the patterns in which the C. With a to-infinitive or a clause :
combinations occur, such as Subject + Verb Object To-inf. or clause
(a)______________________to look for s.t. 1. I send Tom To buy the stamps
(b)_____________________to look s.t. up. 2. He took The medicine To please his wife
And, as we can see from the first two examples, the same combination 3. You must do What the doctor In order to get well
may produce different meanings when used in different patterns. For tells you Soon
example : 4. I don’t know Her To speak to
(a)__to turn s.t. off = memadamkan sesuatu 5. He opened The door For the cat to go out
(b)_to turn off s.t. = membelok dari sesuatu 6. Make The shoes So that they will keep
5. In the passive construction the AP is placed after the verb. For out water
example : 7. You mustn’t Her as if she were a servant
(a)_________The house must be locked up treat The books where we had left them
(b)_Every room in the house must be cleaned out 8. We found

B. With an adverbial phrase : Notes :

Subject + Verb Object Adverbial phrase 1. The clause can be of purpose, manner, outcome, or result.
1. Please put The book On the table 2. When a to-infinitive is used as the adverbial, this pattern looks like
2. Shall we carry The box Upstairs ? VP+3. Compare :
3. Don’t throw It Out of the window ! (a)____I send Tom to buy the stamps. (VP 10)
 (b)_____I want Tom to buy the stamps. (VP 3)
However the to-infinitive phrases have different functions. In (a) the Out of curiosity because
to-infinitive phrase is an adverbial of purpose, while in (b) the to- He came here he wanted to
infinitive phrase, together with the noun, can be considered as the
object of the verb. This difference can be seen from the following : we can only ask
(1) In VP 10 the implied subject of the to-infinitive phrase is identical
with that of the main verb (unless otherwise specified by for as in ‘He Why did he come here ?
opened the door for the cat to go out’), while in VP 3 the implied not *What did he come here for ?
subject of the to-infinitive phrase is the object of the main verb. Thus Similarly ‘why is that?’ is not interchangeable with ‘What’s that
(a)_____means : I buy the stamps (by sending Todm). for?’. The former clearly asks about reason, not purpose, the latter
(b)_Means : Tom buys the stamps (This is what I want) about purpose, not reason.
(2) We can insert in order before the to-infinitive in (a), but not in (b) :
(a)__________I send Tom in order to buy the stamps.
(b)__________* I want Tom in order to by the stamps.

Exercise 1 : (To practisethis pattern (A) with a pronoun). Repeat

(3) The to-infinitive in (a) may be placed at the beginning, but not in (b) :
(a)________________To buy the stamps, I send Tom
(b)_______________* To buy the stamps, I want Tom
(4) If we ask about the to-infinitive phrase, we have to use the question
word why or what – for in (a), but what – to do in (b) :
(a)______________________Why do you send Tom ?
Or What do you send Tom for ? 1.
(b)________________What do you want Tom to do ?
Strictly speaking, why asks about reason, what-for about purpose. 2.
But a purpose can serve well as one’s reason for doing things.
Thus in 3.
He came here to attend lectures.
To attend lectures may be his reason for coming as well as his 4.
purpose to come. Hence, why and what for may be
interchangeable in asking about the phrases of purpose. But, on 5.
the contrary, a reason cannot serve as a purpose. Phrases or
clauses of reason therefore can never be asked with what-for. 6.
Thus from.
the following statements substituting pronouns for the object, and
make the necessary changes. For example :
They put on their old clothes.
-________________They put them on.
She took off her hat.
-____________________She took it off
Put on your other hat !
_______________________________________________
Take off your overcoat!
_______________________________________________
We must lock up the house when we go out.
_______________________________________________
The man gave away all his clothes
_______________________________________________
You shouldn’t put on warm clothes in summer
_______________________________________________
Can you bring in those chairs?
_______________________________________________
7. She cleaned out all the rooms of the house yesterday
_______________________________________________
8. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
_______________________________________________
9. She tried on a nice blue gown.
_______________________________________________
10. My daughter called up all her friends
_______________________________________________
Exercise 2 : (To practise the alternative pattern with the AP preceding the
object). Repeat the statements substituting the suggested objects, and
make the necessary changes. For example :
She called her up (all her friends)
-_________________She called up all her friends
They put it on (the warmest clothes they had)
- They put on the warmest clothes they had
1. Don’t throw it away! (anything that might be useful)
_______________________________________________
2. We should put them on.(those old shoes)
_______________________________________________
3. She tried them on. (all the dresses in the room)
_______________________________________________
4. You shouldn’t put it off. (the final examination)
_______________________________________________
5. Make sure that they clean them out. 9all the rooms)
_______________________________________________
6. Leave that out! (all the unnecessary words)
_______________________________________________
7. Has he eaten them up ? (the rest of the apples)
_______________________________________________
8. Will you bring her in (the girl who’s been waiting long)
_______________________________________________
9. Please pack them up! (the clothes you’ll need for a trip)
_______________________________________________
10. Send them back ! (Every letter she sent us)
_______________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practise the pattern with the adverbial phrase in
questions). Ask question about the adverbial phrases. For example :
You should put this book on the table
-_______________Where should I put this book ?
She regards me a a good friend
-__________________How does she regard you ?
1. He looked upon her a mother
_______________________________________________
2. I found the boy in his room
_______________________________________________
3. We should carry the box upstairs
_______________________________________________
4. She visits her parents once a month
 _______________________________________________
5. The police followed them for five miles
_______________________________________________
6. The landlady showed me around the house
_______________________________________________
7. She regards me as a good husband
_______________________________________________
8. I used to see her almost every day
_______________________________________________
9. I put my clothes in my suitcase
_______________________________________________
10. They can employ you as a clerk
_______________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To contrast VP 3 an VP 10 with to-infinitive in questions).
Ask questions about the to-infinitive phrase. For example :
He sent Tom to buy some stamps
-_________________What did he send Tom for ?
He asked Tom to come early.
-_________________What did he ask Tom to do ?
1. He took the medicine to please hi wife
_______________________________________________
2. They did the homework to satisfy their teacher
_______________________________________________
3. The teacher asked the students to do the homework
_______________________________________________
4. I bought a paper to read during the trip
_______________________________________________
5. H asked me to buy a paper
_______________________________________________
6. He wanted them to discuss the problem
_______________________________________________
7. I visited them to discuss the matter
_______________________________________________
8. They appointed an official to superintend the work
_______________________________________________
9. She wished me to stay at home
_______________________________________________
10. I invited him to please my wife
_______________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To practise this pattern in the passive construction) Convert
the following sentences into the passive construction. For example :
He has given the books away
-_____________The books have been given away
1. She brought in all her friends
_______________________________________________
2. Have you cleaned them out ?
_______________________________________________
3. We should put on the warmest clothes
 _______________________________________________
4. You sholudn’t have thrown them away
_______________________________________________
5. The servant showed me to the door
_______________________________________________
6. They treated her as if she were a servant
_______________________________________________
7. She opened the door for me to get in
_______________________________________________
8. He accepted the offer to please his wife
_______________________________________________
9. I’ve bought the book for you to read
_______________________________________________
10. I used to look upon her as a mother
_______________________________________________
Exercise 6 : (To contrast APs and prepositions after verbs) Replace the
objects with the pronouns and make the necessary changes.
For example :
He looked at the girl
-________________________He looked at her
They put off the meeting
-_________________________They put it off
1. I have to look after my brothers
_______________________________________________
2. Have you looked up the words in your dictionary ?
_______________________________________________
3. The old lady was looking for her glasses
_______________________________________________
4. My little daughter has taken my books off the shelf
_______________________________________________
5. People take off their shoes when they enter the mowque
_______________________________________________
6. Please put out your cigarettes!
_______________________________________________
7. Did you call on Mr. George when you were in Wellington ?
_______________________________________________
8. The occasion calls for prompt action
_______________________________________________
9. Please think over what I said
_______________________________________________
10. I can’t think of her name at the moment
_______________________________________________
VERB PATTERN 11

In this pattern he verb has a that-clause as its object. The conjunction that can 2. The verbs see, hear and feel in thi8s pattern indicate nonphysical or
be, and usually is, omitted, especially after think, expect, hope, say and wish. mental perception. The verbs may res-pectively mean ‘understand’, ‘be
Example : informed’ and ‘think’. Compare with their use in VP 5 or VP 6 where
they indicate physical perception.
Subject + Verb Object Adjective (a)______________I heard him go out. (VP 5)
1. He said (that) he was always busy (b)_____I heard (that) he went abroad. (VP 11)
2. I think he is a teacher (a) implies that I really heard the sounds made as a result of his going out,
3. I thought he was a teacher eg. His foot steps, etc., while (b) means that I was informed of the fact
4. We saw that the plan would fail that he went abroad. Therefore we cannot normally say.
5. We felt that you would like to know
6. I hear (that) you’ve been ill * I heard him go abroad
7. I wish I knew her
3. The verb wish used in this pattern indicates an unfulfilled wish. The
8. I wish you had told me earlier that-clause following it therefore says something unreal, that is, contrary
9. They that he should look after his to fact, assumption or expectation. Hence, the verb must always be in a
suggested wife past tense, which indicates unreality, when the time referred to is present,
that the work be done carefully and a past perfect tense when the time referred to is past. When the time
10. We referred to is future, would may be used. For example :
demanded (a)___________________I wish I knew her (now)
(b)____________I wish you had told me yesterday
Notes : (c)___________I wish she would come tomorrow
1. As a general rule, when the main verb is in a past tense, the verb in (a) implies : I don’t know her (now)
the that-clause is also in a past tense, regardless of its time reference. But (b) implies : You didn’t tell me yesterday
when the main verb is in a present tense, the verb in the that-clause may (c) implies : She won’t come tomorrow
either be in a present tense or in a past tense, depending on its time The nearest equivalents in Indonesian would be something like
reference. To put it in a diagram form : (a) Sayang saya tidak mengenalnya
S V that S V (b) Sayang kamu tidak mengatakannya kepada saya kemarin
Past Past (c) Sayang ia tidak akan/mau datang besok
Present Present
Past
For example :
I thought she was here now
* I thought she is here now
I think she is here now
I think she was here yesterday
4. The verbs suggest ( = put forward for consideration), in sist ( = urge But with see and notice, so is normally used at the beginning :
in a forcible manner), propose, demand, and some other like verbs
normally take should + infinitive or a subjunctive form (the same form as So I see (notice).
the infinitive) in the that-clause, regardless of the tense of the main verb : not * I see (notice) so.
6. Example of the passive contruction :
No. 1 : It was said that he was always busy
He suggested That She should go.
No. 9 : It was suggested that he should look after his wife
suggests She go.
Preparatory IT is used here as the subject is a that-clause.
(Note : Subjunctive is a mood of a verb which expresses a state, act or 7. The verbs commonly used are :
event, not as something really happening or existing, but as possible, Acknowledge Admit Believe
imagined, or dependent on smoothing else). Command Confess Declare
The verb suggest doesn’t take a personal object. We do not say Demand Demonstrate Deny
* I suggested him………… Doubt Expect Explain
When needed, a personal object may be used with the preposition to : Fear Feel Hear
He suggested to me that she teach English Hope Imagine Insist
Other verbs that don’t take a personal object and can be used in the Intend Know Mean
above pattern are : Mind ( = take care) Notice Perceive
Admit explain Prefer Propose Think
Confess say Understand Urge Wish
5. With the verbs believe, expect, hear, hope, notice, say, suppose and Wonder ( = be surprised to find)
think, an affirmative that – clause can be replaced by so and a negative
that-clause by not. For example : Exercise 1 : (To practise this pattern in statements). Substitute the
A : The new teacher is very strict following clauses making the necessary changes in the tense. For
B : So I’ve heard (ie I’ve heard that he is very strict) example :
A : It’s going to rain I think He is a doctor
B : I hope not. (ie I hope that it isn’t going to rain) I thought Ithought He was a doctor
So may be used either at the beginning or end of the sentence : They hoped They hoped He was a doctor
So I believe He will come They hope He will come
or I believe so.
1. Mary can teach English
_______________________________________________
2. I wish
_______________________________________________
3. Do you think 15. She managed to pass her exam
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
4. the students should practice the conversation
_______________________________________________ Exercise 2 : (To contrast VP 3 and VP 11). Make a corresponding
5. they suggested statement with a that-clause using the words suggested. For example :
_______________________________________________
6. The teacher insisted I advised him to practise his English. (suggest)
_______________________________________________ -___I suggested that he should practise his English
7. She should be invited I expected him not to be late. (expect)
_______________________________________________ -___________I expected that he would not be late.
8. We demanded 1. He wanted me to use the Direct Mthod (propose)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
9. They said 2. My father wants me to pass the examination. (hope)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
10. We felt 3. She urged me to stop teaching in other academies. (insist)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
11. The plan would fail 4. The teacher advised her not to work too hard. (suggest)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
12. His policy is unwise 5. The people expected the plan to fail. (see)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
13. They admitted 6. She wishes me to arrive safe and sound. (hope)
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
14. I wonder 7. They told me to give lectures
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
8. The doctor advised her not to fast. (suggest)
_______________________________________________
9. The director wanted the plan to be carried out. (demand)
_______________________________________________
10. The students want the teachers to participate in their program.
(propose)
_______________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (For production of this pattern with a personal object). Make
a corresponding statement with the word suggested. Use the preposition
TO before the personal object. For example :
She told me that she was ill. (say)
-_______________She said to me that she was ill.
He told his employer that he had made a mistake. (admit)
- He admitted to his employer that he had made a
mistake.
1. He told hid wife that he had spent all the money. (confess)
_______________________________________________
2. The author tells the reader that the subject is very important. (explain)
_______________________________________________
3. They told me that I should give up the study. (suggest)
_______________________________________________
4. She told her husband that she had lost the money. (admitted).
_______________________________________________
5. The teacher warns the students that they should come on time. (insist)
_______________________________________________
6. They informed me that the couldn’t work on Saturdays. (say)
_______________________________________________
7. My father has taught me that smoking is a bad habit. (explain).
_______________________________________________
8. They told us that she had broken the window by mistake. (confess)
_______________________________________________
9. The students told him that they had not done the work. (admit)
_______________________________________________
10. Please tell them that we can’t comply with their request (explain)
_______________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To practise this pattern with WISH). Make corresponding
statements using I WISH. Make the necessary changes in the tense.
Remember to change the negative into affirmative. And vice versa.
For example :
He isn’t here now
-_______________________I wish he were here now
He came to the party last night
- I wish he had not come to the party last night
1. We can’t discuss the matter now
_______________________________________________
2. I don’t have anough money to have my house built.
_______________________________________________
3. She always comes late for my class.
_______________________________________________
4. I have to attend this course
_______________________________________________
5. I haven’t finished writing this book
_______________________________________________
6. The Director is always busy
_______________________________________________
7. We can’t speak English like an Englishman
_______________________________________________
8. I didn’t have my car serviced last month
_______________________________________________
9. Prices go up
_______________________________________________
10. She won’t be here tomorrow
_______________________________________________
Exercise 5 : (To practise this pattern with SO to replace a that clause).
Respond to the following statements using SO either at the beginning or
end of your sentences with the suggested words. For example :
She is going to be late again today. (think)
-___________________________________I think so
She is improving a lot. (notice)
- So I notice
1. Its’ going to rain soon. (think)
_______________________________________________
2. She has been successful in her work. (believe)
_______________________________________________
3. Our economic situation is getting better. (hope)
_______________________________________________
4. Some students are very good at English. (notice)
_______________________________________________
5. Mr. Green is going abroad again this years. (Have heard)
_______________________________________________
6. Bill will be able to speak Indonesian in one year’s time. (suppose)
_______________________________________________
7. Older students are more serious in their study. (see)
_______________________________________________
8. She had an accident yesterday. (heard)
_______________________________________________
9. The Governments is trying to improve our economy. (see)
_______________________________________________
10. We’ll get a lot of money this month. (hope)
_______________________________________________
Exercise 6 : (To practise the passive construction of this pattern). Convert
the following sentences into the passive construction.
For example :
People say that English is important.
-_______________It is said that English is important.
1. They suggested that he should bring his family
_______________________________________________ VERB PATTERN 12
2. We hope that Dr. Jones will deliver his speech.
_______________________________________________ In this pattern the verb is followed by a personal object and a that-clause.
3. The students have proposed that Mr. Green should resume his Examples :
teaching in ABA.
_______________________________________________ Subject + Verb Object That-clause
4. People suppose that he died in an accident 1. Did he warn You That he might be late?
_______________________________________________ 2. They told Me That I was too early
5. The instructors expect that the participants will follow the 3. Remind Him That the meeting is on friday.
regulation 4. Has the You That driving too fast is
_______________________________________________ accident taught dangerous ?
6. The participants thought that the lectures would not be boring/ The manager That we were willing to work
_______________________________________________ 5. We informed overtime
7. Anyone can prove that he is not guilty. Ourselves That all the doors and
_______________________________________________ 6. We satisfied windows were secured
8. People believed that the earth was flat.
_______________________________________________ Notes :
9. Not until the age of Copernicus that people realized that the 1. As in VP 11, the conjunction that can always be omitted. When the
earth and other planets moved round the sun main verb is in a past tense, the verb in the that-clause is normally in a
_______________________________________________ past tense, too.
10. No one ever thought that the solution was as simple as that. 2. Some verbs in this pattern can be used with a preposition and a noun
_______________________________________________ in stead of a clause. Compare
No. 1 : Did he warn you of the danger ?
No. 2 : She told me of her father’s illness
No. 3 : Remind him of his promise.
No. 5 : We informed him of our willingness to help
3. Examples of the passive construction :
No. 1 : Were you warned that he might be late ?
No. 2 : I was told that I was too early
No. 5 : The manager was informed that we were willing to work
overtime.
4. The verbs used in this pattern are :
Assure Inform Promise
Remind Satisfy Tell
Teach warn
Exercise 1 : (To contrast VP 3 and VP 12). Make a corresponding
statement using a clause instead of the to-infinitive phrase. For example : 19. Me
He told Me That she might be late. _______________________________________________
Them He told Them That she might be late. 20. Prices had gone up again
They They told Them That she might be late. _______________________________________________
She was ill They told Them That she was ill.
Exercise 2 : (To contrast VP 3 and VP 12). Make a corresponding
1. We 6. The lecture was statement using a clause instead of the to-infinitive phrase. For example :
2. the time table cancelled He told me to study hard
was changed 7. informed -_______________He told me that I should study hard
3. I 8. him She reminded me to meet the guests at the airport.
4. Warned 9. The teacher (subj) -_She reminded me that I should meet the guests at the airport
5. Reminded 10. He couldn’t come 1. My father taught me to speak slowly and carefully
_______________________________________________
Continue and write : 2. They told him not to be late
11. The students (ob) _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ 3. Please remind him to begin to teach next week
12. told _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ 4. The teacher told us to do the exercises now
13. They _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ 5. They promised me not to come late lor my class
14. The examination was on Monday _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ 6. Tell the students to have their papers typed
15. Us _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ 7. Did you tell him to have his hair cut short
16. Reminded _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
17. Informed
_______________________________________________
18. She
_______________________________________________
8. Hasn’t the doctor warned you not to go out at night ?
_______________________________________________
9. She didn’t tell me not to boil the eggs hard
_______________________________________________
10. I’ve taught them not to make the same mistake twice
_______________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practise the passive construction). Convert the following
sentences into the passive construction
For example :
He told me that they couldn’t finish the work
-________I was told that they couldn’t finish the work
1. She warned me that I shouldn’t teach too much
_______________________________________________
2. I have informed them that there won’t be any lectures next week.
_______________________________________________
3. Did you assure the students that the lecturers will come regularly ?
_______________________________________________
4. She has promised me that she will do the work for me
_______________________________________________
5. They reminded the professor that the lecture was cancelled
_______________________________________________
6. The doctor told her that she should have a rest for a week
_______________________________________________
7. We should warn the students that thy should do the exercises for their
own good
_______________________________________________
8. Have I told you that she’s been ill for months ?
_______________________________________________
9. She informed the Director that she wanted to have a three month’s
leave.
_______________________________________________
10. You have to assure your wife that you won’t leave her until she really
has recovered
_______________________________________________
Exercises 4 : (To review the previous patterns). Put the verbs in brackets
into their correct forms.
1. Her mother advised her (not given) ________up hope.
2. The doctor suggested that she (not work)________too
hard.
3. I’ve never known her (give) _________any help to the
poor
4. I wish I (can help) __________________________her.
5. The students should (be) (make) (follow) ________the
instructions
6. He is trying (help) ___________her (finish) ________
the work
7. Will you (let) ______him (keep) _______ the students
(wait) _______________ ?
8. She wanted (make) _________her voice (hear) ______
9. John intended (have) ________his house (paint) _____
green.
10. Do you have (buy) ___________many books for your
children (read) _____________?
 TEST : VP 1 – VP 12 14. I’d rather ____ than work as a builder
a. To teach b. Taught c. Tech d. Teaching
1. He was thinking a happy ______ 15. It would be better _______ your English regularly
a. think b. thinking c. thought d. thoughtful a. Practise b. Practising c. To practise d. Practises
2. _____ a permit to park your car outside your house ? 16. What cause him ______ so mad ?
a. Need you c. Are you needed a. to get b. getting c. get d. got
b. Have you need d. Do you need 17. The visitor, whom I guessed _____ about fifty, was very polite.
3. He was asked ____ how many cars had been manufactured a. Be b. To be c. Is d. Was
a. Ascertaining c. Ascertain 18. We should make the students _______ on time
b. To ascertain d. Ascertained a. to come b. coming c. come d. came
4. We all consider it – to teach without any preparation. 19. I can’t imagine such an old man ______ the mountain
a. wrong b. be wrong c. were wrong d. are wrong a. Climb b. To climb c. climbed d. climbing
5. The judge asked him what made him ____ his family 20. He painted his house_____
a. to desert b. desert c. deserting d. deserted a. was green b. to be green c. green d. is green
6. Do you see them ____ behind that big tree ? 21. _____ did the school board make Mr. Martin ?
a. are hiding b. to hide c. hiding d. are hidden a. Who b. What c. Whose d. Whom
7. The boys washed their shirts ______ 22. How often ______ your hair cut ?
a. cleanly b. cleaning c. cleaned d. clean a. Do you have b. Have you c. you’ve d. you had
8. The MPR has appointed Suharto _____ 23. We must lock ______ the house
a. president c. as president a. In b. For c. at d. Up
b. to be president d. to be come president 24. I wish I _____ here again some day
9. At present I’m having my typewriter ______ a. To come b. Can come c. Will come d. Could come
a. Repairing b. Repaired c. Is repaired d. Being repaired 25. Have I told you that she _____ in a accident ?
10. What did you ask her ______ ? a. Die b. To die c. Dying d. Died
a. For b. For doing c. To do d. In order to do 26. These things – to the students
11. They say it always ______ to advertise a. Should have been taught c. Should have been teaching
a. To pay b. To be paid c. Being paid d. Pays b. Have should be taught d. Should had been taught
12. We informed her the clerk _____ to work overtime. 27. He decide that he had better ____ himself
a. Willing c. Will a. Absented b. absent c. be absent d. is absent
b. Is willing d. Was willing 28. He may have acted foolishly, but we don’t need ____ him.
13. ______ breakfast yesterday morning ? a. Insult c. To insult
a. Had you c. Did you had b. Insulting d. Insulted
b. Did you have d. Have you had
29. It was considered _____ a mistake that he didn’t confess 43. Did anyone hear John ______ the house ?
a. was b. be c. been d. _____ a. Leave b. Leaves c. To leave d. Has left
30. Are we really meant __ her problem ? 44. The boy was seen _____ up a tree.
a. Knowing b. Know c. To know d. known a. Climbed c. Climb
31. She’s never been known ___ any offer. b. Was climbing d. To climb
a. refuse b. to refuse c. refusing d. refused 45. Please don’t keep him ______ for the decision.
32. She was caught ____ with another boy. a. waits c. wait
a. To flirt b. Flirt c. Flirting d. Flirted b. is waiting d. waiting
33. I’ve made it clear what ______ 46. The trunk had to be broken ______
a. Should he do c. Should do he a. open b. to be open c. to be opened d. opened
b. Do should he d. He should do 47. _______ is the baby called ? Anne
34. They have crowned Elizabeth _____ of England. a. Who b. What c. Why d. Whom
a. Queen b. A queen c. As queen d. Was queen 48. Have you ever heard the song _______ in Indonesian ?
35. She _____ her house broken into by thieves last night. a. Sing b. To sing c. Sung d. Singing
a. Got b. Had c. Has got d. Has had 49. The bus knocked him _______
36. _____ do you look upon him ? As a good friend. a. Up b. Down c. On d. In
a. How b. When c. Where d. Why 50. The teacher has explained ______ that verb patterns are important.
37. I suggested ______ up smoking. a. Us b. To us c. About d. Of
a. Him to give c. He gives 51. I was told that the examinations _______
b. He give d. Should give a. Cancelled c. to be cancelled
38. Can you tell me ______ he is in ? b. Was cancelled d. were cancelled
a. Where b. How c. If d. What 52. You ______ told anyone else.
39. I ______ in learning foreign languages. a. Should haven’t c. shouldn’t
a. Interested c. Am interesting b. Have shouldn’t d. shouldn’t have
b. He give d. Interesting 53. How dare he _______ such rude things about me !
40. He is trying ______ his method of teaching. a. say b. says c. to say d. ___
a. To be perfect c. To perfect 54. Will you let ___ the explanation ?
b. Is perfect d. Perfected a. Advanced b. Advanding c. To advance d. Advance
41. They warned me ______ late 55. Don’t think me ____ unkind
a. Don’t be b. Not to be c. Wasn’t d. Be not a. Am b. be c. being d. ___
42. Everyone reported him _______ the best man for the job. 56. Will you let ____ the explanation ?
a. Was b. Being c. To be d. Is a. I give b. me to give c. me give d. me giving
57. Can you help her ______ her problem 72. They proved _____wrong
a. Solving b. Solve c. Solves d. Solved a. He to be b. him was c. him d. was
58. She likes to have the house ____ clean and tidy 73. I think ______ a pity you didn’t try harder.
a. Look b. To look c. Looked d. Looks a. To be b. It to be c. It be d. It
59. She likes to have the house ____ every day 74. I saw ______ the room hurriedly.
a. Clean b. To clean c. Cleaned d. Cleans a. He leave c. Him leave
60. I could feel her heart _____ rapidly. b. Him left d. He leave
a. Beats b. To beat c. Beating d. Beaten 75. That man had never been known ___ a lie.
61. We saw the poor boy ____ black and blue. a. Tell b. To tell c. Telling d. Had told
a. Beats b. To beat c. Beating d. Beaten 76. They mustn’t be kept ____ too long.
62. Open your mouth _____ a. Working b. Are working c. to work d. work
a. Wide b. Widely c. To be wide d. With wide 77. Has she made it clear what ____ ?
63. They have named ____ a. Is the aim b. The aim is c. The aim d. Aim is
a. Queen Mary the ship c. The Queen Mary ship 78. He _____ appointed president.
b. The ship Queen Mary d. Ship the Queen Mary a. Shouldn’t c. Shouldn’t have
64. She opened the door for the cat _____ out b. Shouldn’t have been d. Haven’t been
a. Went b. Going c. To go d. Go 79. Have you heard English ____ in your village ?
65. ______ did he visit you ? Twice a week a. Speak b. Speaking c. Spoken d. to be spoken
a. How many b. How often c. How long d. Doesn’t have 80. He _____ once a month.
66. He said he _____ his car cleaned every day. a. Has serviced his car c. Hasn’t serviced his car
a. Has not b. had not c. didn’t have d. doesn’t have b. Has his car serviced d. Hasn’t his car serviced
67. Remind him that the meeting _____ on Friday 81. _____ had your paper typed ?
a. Be b. To be c. Being d. Is a. Did you b. Have you c. Had you d. Did you have
68. They _____ me that I was too early. 82. She called ____
a. Said b. Asked c. Told d. Suggested a. Them up b. Up them c. Them to d. To them
69. He died a terrible ______ 83. What did you buy a magazine ____ ?
a. Die b. Dying c. Death d. Dead a. To do b. for doing c. For d. To
70. Please try _____ the door. 84. The instructor suggested her speech before delivering it.
a. To not bang b. Not to bang c. Don’t bang d. Bang not a. Her to write b. Her write c. She write d. She should
71. I have promised myself ______ visit her again. 85. I wish I ___ writing all the manuscripts.
a. Will never c. Never to a. Have finished c. Had finished
b. Never will d. Never b. Haven’t finished d. Can finish
86. She ____ to him that she would keep her promise. 95. “We all wish all English teachers were qualified and competent”.
a. Told b. Promised c. Said d. Informed From this sentence we may understand that ______ qualified and
87. I wish she ____ here tomorrow. competent.
a. Was b. Were c. Will be d. Would be a. All English teachers are
88. Do you think ____ rain ? b. All English teachers were
a. It will b. Will it c. It to d. Is it c. All English Teachers are not
89. You had better ____ your work at once. d. Not all English teachers are
a. Done b. To do c. Do d. Did 96. “I’d rather stay at home”
90. It would be better _____ he letter at your earliest convenience. a. Had stayed at home
a. Answer b. To answer c. Answering d. Answered b. Had to stay at home
91. “I think she is a student of ABA” c. Prefers to stay at home
This sentence implies that ____ d. Doesn’t like to stay at home
a. She is a student of ABA 97. “It came on to rain”
b. She is not a student of ABA This means the same as _____
c. The speaker is sure she is not a student of ABA a. It went on raining
d. The speaker is not sure she is a student of ABA b. It started raining
92. “I wish the teacher could explain everything about structures”. c. It stopped raining
From this sentence we knoe that the teacher d. It left off raining
a. Managed to explain it c. Wouldn’t explain it 98. “He has decided not to go to the meeting”.
b. Could explain it d. Can’t explain it This sentence implies that he ____
93. “I thought he had been to the States” a. Will not go
a. Hasn’t been to the States b. Didn’t decide to go
b. Is still in the States c. Doesn’t like to go
c. Was in the States d. Doesn’t want to go
d. Has been to the States 99. “We believe it to have been a mistake”.
94. “He wished he had not come to the party,” From this sentence we understand that ______
This sentence informs us that he _____ a. It is a mistake
a. Didn’t come to the party b. It was a mistake
b. Wanted to come to the party c. It will be a mistake
c. Couldn’t come to the party d. It must be a mistake
d. Did come to the party 100. “I don’t know her to speak to”
From this sentence we may conclude that the speaker ____
a. Spoke to her
b. Didn’t speak to her
 c. Didn’t want to speak to her Discover Explain Find out
d. Didn’t want to know her Forget Guess Inquire
Know Learn Observe
Remember See ( = know ) Settle
Tell ( = explain) Think ( = consider) Understand
VERB PATTERN 13 Wonder ( = be curious to know )

In this pattern the object of the verb is a conjunctive and a to-infinitive. The
term conjunctive is used for interrogative adverbs, adjectives or pronouns
such as how, how many, how much, how long, ho often, where, when, why,
who, whom, whose, which, and whether ( = apakah) or if ( = whether).
Examples : Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern in statements). Substitute the
following words.
Subject + Verb Conj. + to-infinitive For example :
1. I wonder How to get there I KNOW WHERE TO GO.
2. Do you How to do it ? How I know how to go
know Where to turn off the road. How far I know how far to go.
3. I forget Which one to buy
4. She didn’t Whether to go on our turn back. Continue :
know What to do next 1. Ho 6. Where 11. How
5. He didn’t What to look for ? w often 7. Do you much paper
know When to turn! 2. To know 12. I’ll
6. We must Who to consult practice 8. Which inquire
find out Where to go? 3. Wh exercises 13. Which
7. Do you en 9. What books
know 4. Wh 10. To buy 14. To read
8. Remember at 15. Do you
9. I’ll inquire 5. Ho remember
10. Have you w much
settled
Continue and write :
Notes : 16. What : ________________________________
1. This pattern is mainly used when the subject of the main verb is 17. Did they find out ____________________________:
identical with the logical subject of the to-infinitive : 18. To take : ________________________________
19. How many students__________________________:
Do you know how to do it ? 20. What : ________________________________
Means : Do you know how you should do it ? 21. To do : ________________________________
2. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are : 22. They should know___________________________:
Ask Consider Decide 23. Not to do : _______________________________
 24. To consult : _______________________________
25. Who : ________________________________
Exercise 2 : (To practice this pattern in answers to questions). Answer the
following questions in this pattern beginning with I don’t know, He doesn’t
know, etc. For example :
What would you do ?
- I don’t know what to do
Where should he go ?
- He doesn’t know where to go.
1. Who should the students go to for advice ?
____________________________________________
2. What should she do next ?
____________________________________________
3. What will they give the children for Christmas ?
____________________________________________
4. Where will John go for his holiday ?
____________________________________________
5. When will you start writing the next volume ?
____________________________________________
6. Will you go on or give up your study ?
____________________________________________
7. Which books should the students buy ?
____________________________________________
8. How long should we practise every day ?
____________________________________________
9. How should we learn verb patterns ?
____________________________________________
10. Why should they learn mathematics ?
____________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practise this pattern in questions). Ask question in this
pattern using the correct conjunctives. For example :
He will bring a number of books.
-___Has he decided how many books to bring ?
1. The lecturer will come at the right time. Will he remember
____________________________________________
2. The students have to learn certain lessons for the exams. Have they
found out ____________________________________
3. They should pronounce these words correctly. Do they
know________________________________________
4. People should get off the bus at the right place.
Do they ask___________________________________
5. Mary should consult someone for her paper. Does she
know________________________________________
6. Some students will practise their conversation several times a week
Have they decided _____________________________
7. We should give the driver a certain amount of money.
Do you know_________________________________
8. The students have to visit places of interest. Have they
decided______________________________________
9. We should press one of these buttons.
Do you know_________________________________
10. They should attend lectures regularly for some reason.
Do they understand____________________________
 10. Tell

Notes :
1. In this pattern the logical subject of the to infinitive is the object of
the main verb :
I showed them how to do it.
Means I showed them how they should do it.
2. In this pattern the personal object may be either direct or indirect
object. Compare :
(a) I showed them how to do it.
I showed them my books (I.O.)
(b) Will you advise me which to buy ?
Will you advise me on this question ? (D.O.)
3. Examples of passive constructions :
The girls was told what to do
VERB PATTERN 14 They were taught how to use the verbs

In this pattern the verb is followed by a personal object and a conjunctive +

to-infinitive phrase. For example :

Subject + Verb Object Conjunctive +

to-infinitive 4. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are.
1. I showed Them How to do it. Advise ask inform
2. Please Me Which to take. Show tell teach
tell The girl Where to start Exercise 1 : (To parties this pattern in statements). Substitute the following
3. They Me Which to buy ? words. For example :
told Him Where to put it. I TAUGHT JOHN HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL
4. Will you Your teacher How to pronounce the word Showed I showed John how to play football.
advise Me Where to get tickets Where I showed John where to play football.
5. Show People What to do and Practise I showed John where to play football.
6. Ask what not to do
7. Please Jane How to manage her Continue :
intorm husband ? 1. golf 6. 11. enjoy
8. Don’t Me Whether to trust him or not 2. swim told 12. baseb
tell ming 7. all
3. go where 13. the
9. Who 4. when 8. program
taught 5. shop skiing 14. prepa
 ping 9. re 1. Do you think he will meet us at the correct place ?
how 15. why ____________________________________________
10. 2. Do you think they will pronounce the words correctly ?
fishing ____________________________________________
3. Do you think Bill will buy enough books ?
Continue and write : ____________________________________________
16. Mary (obj.) ______________________: 4. Do you think Mary will take the right plane?
17. When __________________________: ____________________________________________
18. asked __________________________: 5. Do you think she will come at right time ?
19. leave ___________________________: ____________________________________________
20. advised _________________________: 6. Do you think he will take enough money ?
21. Will inform _____________________: ____________________________________________
22. How ___________________________: 7. Do you think he will speak at the right time ?
23. Plan ___________________________: ____________________________________________
24. taught __________________________: 8. Do you think she will give the money to the right man ?
25. A book _________________________: ____________________________________________
26. Write __________________________:
27. Told ___________________________:

28. Where __________________________: 9. Do you think he will send the letter to the right address?
29. A letter _________________________: ____________________________________________
30. How often ______________________: 10. Do you think he will do the work we want him to ?
____________________________________________
Exercise 2 : (To practise this pattern in a conversational situation). Answer 11. Do you think she will get off at the right place ?
the following questions in this pattern. Use the following formula with a ____________________________________________
correct conjunctive. For example : 12. Do you think the students will study the right lessons ?
Do you think Bill will buy enough plates ? ____________________________________________
- I think he will. I told him how many to buy 13. Do you think she will bring enough books ?
Do you think Jack will come at the right time ? ____________________________________________
- I think he will. I told him what time to come. 14. Do you think the cooks will buy enough flour ?
____________________________________________
 15. Do you think she will pay the right amount of money ?
____________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To production of the passive construction). Convert the
following sentences into the passive construction.
For example :
I told him what to do
- He was told what to do
1. They showed the students how to operate the machine.
____________________________________________
2. We have to inform our children why not to smoke
____________________________________________
3. You should’ve informed your teacher when to give additional
lectures.
____________________________________________
4. Have you advised them what department to choose
____________________________________________
5. They will teach you how to develop the film.
____________________________________________
6. Haven’t they informed you what time to start work ?
____________________________________________
7. We should tell the students what to prepare for their examinations
____________________________________________
8. In the beginning of the lessons Mr. Green usually teaches the
freshmen how to study in an academy.
____________________________________________
9. Did you advise Janet which plane to take ?
____________________________________________
10. They might not have informed the builder whose house to build first.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To review the previous patterns). Put the verbs in brackets into
their correct forms :
1. Did you see them (do) ______________________the work ?
2. Did you show them how (do) __________________the work?
3. Tell them (find) ________________out where (get) _______
off the bus.
4. I don’t know how (make) ____________them (come) ______
regularly
5. Please advise me how (teach)_____________________them
(use) _____________ this pattern.
6. Let them (try) __________________(inquire) ____________
Where (buy) _______________tickets.
7. He left me (wonder) _____________how (get) ____________
To the place
 8. They suggested that she (have) ______________the students 3. The What her name is ?
(decide) _______________when (have)__________a discussion captain decides How hard he works
with her 4. The Why they didn’t come
9. Did you remember (tell) __________________her which taxi y knew Who they want to see
(take) __________________? 5. Do Who Mary is looking for ?
10. I forgot (tell) _________________the students which lessons you know Who the lands belong to.
(study) ________________ for the next examinations 6. Few
11. I wish I (remember) _____________how (answer) _________ people know
all the questions in the last test. 7. She
12. He said he (understand) _____________how (use) _________ has found out
this construction 8. I
13. I (not know) ______________that he (teach) ___________his will ask
children how (learn) ___________(speak) _____________ 9. Do
Arabic. you know
14. Do you think it’s better (inform) ____________________him 10. The
what (not do) _____________ ? tribunal has decided
15. I’d rather (let) ___________him (decide) ____________what
(read) _______________ and what (not read) ______________ Notes :
1. This pattern is mainly used when the clause has a subject different
from that of the main clause. Otherwise VP 13 is to be preferred.
Compare :
(a) I don’t know how he should get there
(b) I don’t know how I should get there
Instead of (b), we should prefer
(c) I don’t know how to get there (VP 13)
2. The conjunctive + clause is derived from an independent question
with a question word.
Observe
(1) I wonder why she hasn’t come.
VERB PATTERN 15 (1b) Why hasn’t she come?
(4) They knew who wanted to see her
In this pattern the object of the verb is a conjunctive + a clause, which (4b) I’ll ask who they want to see.
together forms a dependent questions. (8b) Who do they want to see ?
For example :
Subject + Verb Conjunctive + Clause
1. I Why she hasn’t come
wonder How he should get there
2. I Who shall play in the team
don’t know Who wanted to see her
As we can see from the above examples, the word order of dependent 6. The doctor helped many people. I can’t guess how many.
questions is the same as that of statements, and no question mark is __________________________________________________
needed for the dependent question. 7. One car is the best. I don’t know which
3. When an independent question has no question word, whether ( = __________________________________________________
apakah) or if ( = whether) is used as the conjunctive, when the question is 8. Someone called me up last night. I can’t find out who
converted into this pattern. __________________________________________________
4. The chief verbs used in this pattern are : 9. He visited a girl. I discovered who
Ask Believe Debate __________________________________________________
Decide Discover Discuss 10. This umbrella belongs to someone. Please ask.
Determine Doubt Find out __________________________________________________
Imagine Know Reveal
Say Show Suggest Exercise 2 : (For production of this pattern from questions). Change the
Tell (= ascertain) Understand Wonder following questions into indirect (dependent) questions to complete the
following sentences. For example :
Exercise 1 : (For production of this pattern from other statements). What’s her name ?
Combine the following sentences. For example : -________________I’ll find out what her name is.
He sent books to you. I know how many.
-___________I know how many books he sent to you 1. Why didn’t John come ?
1. He wants a book. I don’t remember which He asked __________________________________________
__________________________________________________ 2. Who does that book store belong to ?
2. Something was on the table. I don’t know what Do you know ______________________________________
__________________________________________________ 3. What time does the train leave ?
3. A pen was on my desk. I don’t know whose. Please find out _____________________________________
__________________________________________________ 4. How did you solve such a difficult problem ?
4. Some students came here. Do you remember how many? I wonder __________________________________________
__________________________________________________ 5. Would she be able to overcome the difficulties.
5. His friends had money. He explained how much. I don’t know _______________________________________
__________________________________________________ 6. Will she allow him to continue his study ?
She hasn’t decided__________________________________
7. What will he do if she finds out ?
Can you imagine____________________________________
8. Are there any questions ?
The teacher always asks______________________________
9. Who wants to see the doctor ?
I’ll find out________________________________________
10. How busy are you at the moment ?
I understand________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To elicit direct questions from indirect questions contained
in this pattern). Give the direct questions from the following sentences.
For example :
I know where he comes from
-___________________Where does he come from
1. I know who he saw last night
__________________________________________________
2. She wants to know how old he is.
__________________________________________________
3. Please find out where the new student is from.
__________________________________________________
4. I don’t remember what he said
__________________________________________________
5. She has discovered how he came
__________________________________________________
6. I wonder why the lawyer lost the argument.
__________________________________________________
7. The teacher asks if the students understand.
__________________________________________________
8. I don’t understand what the professor explained.
__________________________________________________
9. They haven’t found out whether Bill is willing to come.
__________________________________________________
10. They doubt how well the students learn this lesson.
__________________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To practise this pattern in answers to questions). Answer the
following questions in this pattern beginning with I don’t know. For
Example :
Is he from Chicago or New York ?
-_____________________I don’t know where he is from
1. Is this answer correct or is that answer correct ?
__________________________________________________
2. Is this answer right or wrong ?
__________________________________________________
3. Was John here or was Paul here ?
__________________________________________________
4. Is he a doctor or is he a lawyer ?
__________________________________________________
5. Did she meet John’s father or Paul’s father ?
__________________________________________________
6. Was the doctor at his house or at his office ?
__________________________________________________
7. Did he see her yesterday or last week ?
__________________________________________________
8. Did ten people come or did fifteen people come here ? VERB PATTERN 16
__________________________________________________
9. Was it 3 o’clock or was it 4 o’clock ? This pattern is the same as VP 15 in both construction and usage, except that
__________________________________________________ the verb is followed by a personal object. Which is either a direct or indirect
10. Does he want to see John or Mary ? object. For example :
__________________________________________________
11. Will the meeting last for one hour or two hours ? Subject + Verb Object Conjunctive + Clause
__________________________________________________ 1. Can you Me Where the station is ?
12. Is her name Jane or Janet ? tell Him Why he didn’t come
__________________________________________________ 2. I’ll ask Me Where you used to live
13. Did she want to take a course in English or French ? 3. Please Him Whether he should go
__________________________________________________ show Us If this book is
14. Does she teach here once a week or twice a week ? 4. She has available now?
__________________________________________________ advised Her What here name was
15. Did John come by plane or by bus ? 5. Can you Them Why verb patterns are
__________________________________________________ inform important to learn

6. I asked
7. I’ve
taught

Notes :
1. The conjunctive + clause constitute a dependent (indirect) question.
Observe :
(1 ) Can you tell me where the station is ?
(1a) Where is the station ?
The question mark in (1) does not belong to the dependent question.
2. Like in VPs 11, 12, and 15, the past tense sequence is normally
observed. Compare :
(6 ) I asked her what her name was
(6a) Ask her what here name is
3. Examples of the passive construction :
(4a) He has been advised whether he should go
(7a) They have been taught why verb patterns are important to learn.
4. The chief verbs used in this pattern are :
 ask advise inform 9. Verb patterns are important to learn. The teacher has taught the
show tell teach
students why
Exercise 1 : (For production of this pattern from other statements) Combine ________________________________________________________
the following sentences 10. Mr. Grey will continue his study. He has told us when
For example :
________________________________________________________
They saw a girl. I asked them who
I asked them who they saw Exercise 2 : (For production of this pattern from questions)
Change the following questions into indirect (dependent) question to
1. He didn’t go to Malang. He told me why complete the following sentences. For example :
________________________________________________________
Where did he go ?
2. He visited a friend yesterday. I asked him who Can you tell me where he went ?
________________________________________________________
1. Where is she from ?
3. John wanted to got to New York. I asked him why Have you asked her ___________________________________
2. Do they usually attend lectures regularly ?
________________________________________________________
Will you ask the teacher ___________________________________
4. The doctor has helped many people. He can’t tell me how many 3. When is he leaving ?
Has he informed us ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. What is the population in Indonesia ?
5. He put his money somewhere. Can you tell me where ? Can you tell me ___________________________________
5. Whose is this type writer _________________________________
________________________________________________________
She has informed us ___________________________________
6. He learned French quickly. He informed me how. 6. What should they study for the next course
Tell me ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
7. Is the Dean in today ?
7. I should teach a lesson in the course. Please advise me what Can you tell me ___________________________________
8. How do you pronounce this word ?
________________________________________________________
Has your teacher taught you _________________________________
8. Janet decorated the room. She showed me how 9. Which course should she take ?
I advised her ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
10. How did he make this device
He showed me ___________________________________
 11. How often did he use to visit her ? 8. Can you tell me how many people are likely to come ?
Did he tell you ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
12. Has he finished writing his paper ?
The teacher always asks him _________________________________ 9. They have informed me who the land belongs to.
13. Why should we learn verb patterns ?
________________________________________________________
He always shows everyone __________________________________
14. Why did he decide to give up his study 10. Tell me who visited Mary last night
He didn’t tell me ___________________________________
15. What made you think so ?
She asked me ___________________________________ Exercise 4 : (For production of the passive construction of this pattern)
Convert the following sentences into the passive construction
Exercise 3 : (To elicit questions from direct questions contained in this For example :
pattern) Give direct questions from the following sentences. For example :
They told me why he couldn’t come
Tell me what time she came last night I was told why he couldn’t come
What time did she come last night
1. Did you ask her when would come ?
1. Tell me what your name is
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. I should’ve taught the students how the verbs were used
2. Ask him when the next plane leaves
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. They inform the tourist which places are worth visiting
3. Can you tell me how tall the National Monument is ?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Have you advised them whether the book should be printed ?
4. They asked me if I had ever been there before
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
5. We’ll show the students how the method should be applied
5. Show me where you used to live
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. She told me why she had come
________________________________________________________
7. She asked whether I took sugar in my tea
________________________________________________________
6. We have to tell the artist what time the performance should be held VERB PATTERN 17
________________________________________________________
In this pattern the verb has a gerund (verbal noun) at its object. Some of the
7. I usually teach them why those forms should be memorized
verbs can be followed by a to-infinitive in a different pattern with some
________________________________________________________ difference in meaning. With a few verbs the gerund has a passive meaning.
Accordingly, the verbs may, for the sake of convenience, be divided
8. The teacher has informed them why regular attendance is required
into three groups :
________________________________________________________ A. verbs which are always followed by a gerund (ie when another verb
follows)
9. We should tell the audience why the delay is inevitable
B. verbs which may be followed by a to-infinite, and
________________________________________________________ C. verb which are followed by a gerund with a passive meaning
10. We’d better inform the manager how many people will joint the party
Group A
________________________________________________________ The commonest verbs are :
admit advise allow
appreciate avoid consider
delay deny dislike
discontinue fancy enjoy
excuse forgive finish
forbid insist on give up (=stop)
(can’t) help mind (in negative & interrogative
leave off (=stop) put off keep (on)
miss practice postpone
permit suggest risk
(can’t) stand understand

Examples :
Subject + Verb Gerund, etc.
1. Has it left off raining yet ?
2. Have you finished talking
3. Please excuse my being late
4. She enjoys playing tennis
5. Don’t give up trying
6. She couldn’t help laughing
 7. Would you mind coming earlier next time ? Examples :
8. Do you mind my staying out late ? Subject + Verb Gerund, etc
9. You should practice doing the exercises regularly 1. He can’t bear being disturbed
10. I’ve always tried to avoid meeting her 2. He began talking
3. Don’t start borrowing money
4. I’ll never forget hearing you sing
Notes :
5. I remember seeing her when she was a little girl
1. Leave off means stop
6. We must go on working
Compare :
7. I hate having to refuse every time
Has the rain left off yet ?
8. She likes swimming
The opposite of leave off, come on (= begin), used as an impersonal verb,
9. On the whole I prefer walking to driving
is never used with a gerund. Instead, a to-infinitive is always used :
10. Having a party tonight will working extra hart tomorrow
It has come on to rain
mean having said it wasn’t true
2. The verb help is used in this pattern only in the phrase can’t (couldn’t)
11. I regret smoking
help (tidak dapat menahan diri dari),
12. Please stop cleaning it with petrol
3. Compare the use of VP 3 with some of the verbs :
13. Try
VP 3 : The librarian doesn’t allow us to talk
VP 17 : The librarian doesn’t allow talking
Notes :
1. To bear : when it means endure (= tahan), either the gerund or the to-
4. A gerund is also used with the phrase to look like (=tampak seperti),
infinitive may be used :
and to feel like (=merasa suka, mempunyai keinginan)
He can’t bear being disturbed
Lovely morning, isn’t it ?
He can’t bear to be disturbed
Yes; doesn’t look like lasting, though
2. To begin and to start : may be followed by either a gerund or a to-
I don’t feel like going for a walk
infinitive with approximately the same meaning :
He began borrowing money
Group B :
He began to borrow money
The commonest verbs are :
(cant) bear begin cease
When the verbs are used in the progressive tense, however, the to-infinitive is
commence continue endure
preferred to avoid the repetition of-ing :
forget go on hate
It’s beginning to rain
intend like love
Not * It’s beginning raining
mean (signify) neglect prefer
When the verbs are followed by such no-action verbs as
propose regret remember
start stop try
understand, see (= understand), and realize, the to-infinitive is always (b) means that he continued and next said that he needed some money.
used :
He began to understand how it was done. In Indonesian we might say something like :
* He began understanding how it was done. (a) la terus berbicara.
3. The verbs cease, commence, continue, endure, intend, neglect and (b) Terus (lantas) dia mengatakan bahwa ia perlu uang.
propose are also used with either gerund cr to-infinitive with 6. Verbs indicating likes and preferences : like, love and
approximately the same meaning, but the to- prefer : the gerund is used for general statements, the to- infinitive for
infinitive is more frequently used than the gerund. statements about a particular occasion, especially when the verb is used
4. To remember and to forget : after these verbs, the to-infinitive refers with would or should ('d). Compare :
to the future, the gerund to the past. Compare : (a) Do you like swimming? (general)
(a) I remember to meet her tonight. (b) Would you like to go for a swim this afternoon? (particular)
(b) I remember meeting her last night. 7. To mean : with the gerund it means to signify ( = berarti), with the
The difference in meaning between (a) and (b) may be expressed in to-infinitive to intend (~ bermaksud).
Indonesian approximately as Compare :
(a) Saya (ter)ingat untuk (harus) bertemu dengan dia (a) Refusing their present will mean insulting them.
nanti malam. (b) I didn't mean to insult them-.
(b) Saya (ter)ingat (terkenang) bahwa saya bertemu 8. To regret with the gerund it refers to something that
dengan dia tadi malam. precedes, with the to-infinitive to something that follows.
We may also contrast the use of the verb forget : Observe :
(a) Don't forget to post the letter. (a) I regret having followed his advice.
(b) I won't forget being treated so kindly. (b) I regret to inform you that you failed.
In Indonesian we might say something like :
(a) Jangan lupa (untuk) memposkan surat tadi. (a) means ; I regret that I've followed his advice.
(b) Saya tidak akan lupa (selalu terkenang) diperh- (b) means : I regret that now I must inform you that you failed.
kukan sebaik itu. 9. To stop : to stop doing s.t. means to stop whatever he is doing; to stop
Thus (b) implies that I was treated kindly, and I won't forget the event. to do s.t. means to stop (whatever he is doing) in order to do s.t.
5. To go on : Compare the following sentences . Compare.;
(a) He went on talking. (a) 1 asked them to stop talking.
(b) He went on to say that he needed some money. (b) On my way home I stopped to talk to Mary.
(a) means that he continued the talking, while
 (a) implies that they were talking and I asked them to stop it; (b) In (a) he was paid after he had translated the book, in (b) before the
implies that I stopped (walking, driving, etc) in order to talk Mary. translation was done. And since the gerund is in noun, this form is also used
The verb phrases may be expressed in Indonesia as after a preposition, which always govern a noun :
(a) berhenti berbicara
(b) berhenti untuk berbicara Preposition + N
V – ing (gerund)
10. To try : with a gerund it means to make an experiment (= mencoba- Observe :
coba); with a to-infinitive is means to make an effort (= berusaha untuk). (a) He objected to your proposal
Observe : your coming late
(a) Knowing he was a foreign, I tried speaking English to him (b) He is used to this climate
(b) Please try to speak English with your friends accustomed working hard
11. Final remarks on the choice between gerund and to-infinitive :
As we may notice from the examples above, there seems to be a general this should not be confused with
rule governing the choice between the gerund and the to-infinitive. The he used to work hard
gerund usually refers to something that has been done or has been going
on, while the to-infinitive refers to something that has not been done, at where to is not a preposition, but part of the to-infinitive of work. Therefore
the time expressed by the verb. we cannot say :
Thus * He used to something

remember Group C :
forget The verbs usually used in this pattern are :
Gerund regret deserve need require
stop want won’t/wouldn’t bear
go on
try to infinitive Examples :
mean Subject + Verb Gerund, etc
Gerund like 1. His brave rewarding
love action deserves mending
prefer 2. My shoes correcting
want looking after
Compare also the following 3. Your work repeating
(a) He was paid for translating the book needs
(b) He was paid to translate the book 4. The young
girl will require
5. His
language won’t bear
Notes : 23. wouldn’t mind : _____________________________________
1. The gerunds are equivalents to passive infinitives :
24. speaking English : _____________________________________
(a) My shoes want mending
(b) My shoes want to be mended 25. should practice : _____________________________________
Nevertheless, the gerund after those verbs seems to be commoner than the
26. We : _____________________________________
passive infinitive
2. The gerund is also used after the phrase to be worth (=layak, patut). 27. like : _____________________________________
For example :
28. should start : _____________________________________
Anything worth doing is worth doing well
3. To bear as used in this pattern means to be fit for 29. prefer : _____________________________________
Exercises 1 : (To practice this pattern in statements). Substitute the following
30. tried : _____________________________________
words
For example :
BETTY ENJOYS DANCING Exercise 2 : (To practice this pattern in answers to questions)
kept on Betty kept on dancing Listen to the statements and answer the questions that follow.
working Betty kept on working For example :
He opened the window
Continue : What didn’t he mind doing ?
1. insisted on 6. finished 11. started He didn’t mind opening the window
2. stopped 7. eating 12. the baby
3. the boys 8. enjoy 13. crying 1. The students have don’t their homework
4. avoided 9. kept on 14. cant’ help What have the students finished doing ?
5. studying 10. laughing 15. went on ________________________________________________________
2. The boys play football
Continue and write :
What do the boys like doing ?
16. The girl : _____________________________________
________________________________________________________
17. talking : _____________________________________
3. They wanted to climb the mountain
18. I : _____________________________________ What did they insist on doing ?
________________________________________________________
19. smoking : _____________________________________
4. She never speaks to a boy
20. gave up : _____________________________________
What does she avoid doing ?
21. don’t mind : _____________________________________ ________________________________________________________
22. coming earlier : _____________________________________
5. The teacher explained the lesson Exercise 3 : (To reinforce the choice between gerund and to-infinitive).
What didn’t the teacher mind doing ? Listen to the statements. Make corresponding statements using the suggested
________________________________________________________ words.
For example :
6. The girls were singing in a choir.
He is going to paint his house
What did the girls enjoy doing ?
He wants to paint his house
________________________________________________________
He is going to paint the house
7. Mary stays at home The house wants painting
What does Mary prefer doing ?
________________________________________________________ 1. I’ve heard the novel
I enjoyed _______________________________________________
8. We should speak English every day
2. She will tell us the whole story
What should we practice doing ?
She wouldn’t mind ________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Will you go for a walk ?
9. The little boy began to learn to walk Would you like ___________________________________________
What did he begin doing ? 4. Please read your composition to your friend !
________________________________________________________ Would you mind __________________________________________
5. They laughed at him
10. They were laughing at him
They couldn’t help ________________________________________
What did they keep on doing ?
6. She never goes out alone at night
________________________________________________________
She hates _______________________________________________
11. The lady didn’t attend lectures any more 7. I’ll stay at home this evening
What did she give up doing ? I’d prefer _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 8. Please post the letter
Don’t forget ______________________________________________
12. He used the new method of teaching English
________________________________________________________
13. He met the girl in the party
What does he remember doing ?
________________________________________________________
14. She heard her husband singing in the concert
What will she never forget doing ?
________________________________________________________
15. He followed his advise
What does he regret doing ?
________________________________________________________
 9. You met her last night
Do you remember _________________________________________
10. They don’t buy flowers any more
They have stopped ________________________________________
11. We want to drink some coffee
We’ll stop _______________________________________________
12. You should make your voice heard loud and clear
Try _______________________________________________
13. It began raining
It’s beginning ____________________________________________
14. You should have your hair cut
Your hair needs ___________________________________________
15. They should look after the children
The children require _______________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To contrast the use of gerund and to-infinitive).
Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms. Use either gerund or to-
infinitive :
1. I had (ask) _________ the boy (stop) ____________ (play)
___________
2. Don’t start (try) _________________________ (learn)
_____________ geometry before you have finished (learn)
____________________ (do) __________ simple things in arithmetic
3. We can’t consider (buy) ______________________ a new house
before (sell) _____________ the old one
4. If you can’t unscrew the lid, try (hit) _______________ it with a
hammer
5. I appreciate your (want) _______________________ (help)
_________ my friend, but it’s time he learnt (practice)
_______________________ (do) _______________ his work alone
6. I can’t understand his (want) _________________ (marry)
__________ a girl like that
7. The policeman suspected him of (try) ____________ (sell)
__________ stolen goods.
8. I remember (hear) __________ him say that his grass needed (cut)
_________
9. Can you manage (finish) ___________ (pack) __________ these
parcels alone ?
10. We didn’t fancy (live) ____________ in that house and regretted
(move) ___________ from our old one.
11. I’ve always loved (act) ___________ I’d love (see) __________ you
act this time
12. I can’t help (ask) _____________ her why she was trying (avoid)
_______ (meet) ____________ me
13. I should like (start) _____________ (take) ______________ more
English lessons
14. If you dislike (peel) ____________ onions, try (hold) _________
them under water while doing so.
15. “Did you remember (post) _______________ my letter on your way
home ?”
“I remember (go) ___________ into the post office for some stamps, but
even then I’m afraid I forgot (post) ___________ it.”
16. Has it come on (rain) _______________ ?
17. I don’t mind (go) ___________ our when it has left off
(rain) ___________
18. Anything worth (do) ______________ is worth (do)
______________ well
19. I don’t feel like (go) ______________ out tonight. I’d prefer (stay)
_________
20. “Wouldn’t you like (go) _______________ for a swim such a fine
day as this ?”
“Yes, I’d love (go) _______________, but I’m afraid it doesn’t look like
(last) __________________
VERB PATTERN 18

In this pattern the verb is followed first by a Direct Object (DO) and then by a
preposition governing an Indirect Object (IO). Thus : S V DO Prep 10. this (a) below. Otherwise VP 19 is preferred, as in (b). compare :
pattern is subdivided into three groups. (a) He read the letter to all his friends
In the first two groups the pattern has an IO which is human and can be (b) He read me the letter
converted to VP 19 : S V 10 DO. The two groups are distinguished by the (a) He offered some to everyone there
preposition used : (b) He offered me some
A. with the preposition to (a) He sold his car to a man from Leeds
B. with the preposition for (b) He sold me his car
The third group © constitutes the pattern which cannot be converted 2. This pattern is also used when IO is phonetically heavier, that is,
to VP 19. the prepositions used are of different kinds (including to and for). when it is stressed. Observe :
Both the DO and IO may be animate or inanimate. (a) He promised the money to me, not you
(b) He promised me a good birthday present
Group A : (a) Bring the box to me, not your sister
(b) Bring me the box
Examples :
3. When the IO is not human (inanimate), the pattern cannot be
Subject + Verb DO Prep IO converted to VP 19. compare :
1. He read the letter to all his friends (a) Take the book to her
2. He sold his car to a man from Leeds (b) Take her the book
3. He offered some to everybody there But (a) Take the book to the library
4. I don’t lend my books to anybody (b) * Take the library the book
5. He the money to me, not to you 4. Examples of the passive construction :
promised these book to your brother (1) The letter was read to all his friends
6. Please take these letter to they secretary ? (2) His car was sold to a man from Leeds
7. Will you the news to everybody in the village 5. The verbs usually used in this pattern are :
hand the letter to any of your friends allot allow award
8. She told the box to me, not my sister bring deny do (good, harm)
9. Don’t fetch get give
show grant hand lend
10. Bring offer owe pass
pay permit promise
Notes : read recommend refuse
1. This pattern is used when the IO is longer than, DO, as in render restore sell
send show take
teach tell throw
write
Group B : 3. The commonest verbs used in this pattern are :
boil bring build
Examples :
buy call cash
choose cook do (a favour)
fetch get leave
Subject + Verb DO Prep IO
make order paint
1. She a dictionary for her brother
bought any food for your sisters ?
2. Have coffee for all of us
you left a new dress for herself
3. She presents for our friends
play reach save
has made this cheque for me ?
spare write (a prescription)
4. She a favour for a friend of mine
ordered enough rice for ten people
Group C :
5. We a good novel for my wife
Examples :
must choose a taxi for Mrs. Green
Subject + Verb DO Prep IO
6. Can
1. We him on his success
you cash
congratulated her of taking the money
7. Will
2. Th a lot of time on this question
you do
ey accused your time on useless things
8. Please
3. I you from coming earlier ?
boil
have spent you for your kind help
9. I
4. Do me for being late
bought
n’t waste him about it
10. Bill
5. W me of her mother
called
hat prevented my difficult to him
6. Th English to her husband
Notes :
ank the copy with the original
1. This pattern is also used when the IO is relatively long or given
7. Ex the heart to a pump
emphasis. Otherwise VP 19 is preferred. Compare the first four examples
cuse a trick on on his young sister
above with the following sentences, which are VP 19 :
8. I the letter for my mother
(1) She bought me a dictionary
must remind
(2) Have you left me any food ?
9. Sh
(3) I’ll make you come coffee
e reminds
(4) She ordered herself a new dress
10. I
2. When the IO is inanimate, the pattern can not be converted to VP 19.
explained
Observe :
11. Sh
(a) We must buy a new carpet for this room
e speaks
(b) * We must this room a new carpet
12. Co
 mpare
13. He
compared
14. He
played
15. I’v
e written

Notes :
1. Verbs in this group are not used in VP 19
The sentences
I explained my difficulty to him
Cannot be converted to
* I explained him my difficulty
2. The preposition and its object may occasionally precede the DO when
we need to avoid ambiguity or when the DO is much longer than the
prepositional object.
For example : (I’ve broken my right wrist)
We heard from Jones all about his sister’s escape. If the sentence It is the writing, not the letter, which is meant for me. Similarly in
is put in the normal order, thus Can you open the door for me, please ?
We heard all about his sister’s escape form Jones. It suggests that Will you bring this bag for me ?
his sister escaped from Jones and that we heard all about the incident Therefore, there is a potential ambiguity in
Similarly in He bought a present for his aunt
She expressed to her husband her conviction that economy was This sentence may mean
essential (1) He bought his aunt a present,
In the normal order, to her husband might be taken as going with the That is, the present is for his aunt. But it may also mean
adjective essential, thus : (2) He helped his aunt to buy a present.
… that economy was essential to her husband So it is possible to have two prepositions for in a sentence : one belonging
3. The prepositions used in this pattern are closely associated with the to group B, and the other to group C, A doctor may say to his assistant :
verb, so that they must be learned as an invariable combination having a Will you write a prescription for me for me, please ?
certain meaning. For example : Meaning
Co congratulate s.o. on s.t. Will you help me to write a prescription for me, please ?
To accuse s.o. of (doing) s.t.
To thank s.o. for (doing) s.t Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern with the preposition to or for). Substitute
4. Some of the verbs are used with two or more different prepositions the following words
with some differences in meaning. For example : For example :
to compare s.t. with. S.t. (of the same kind)
to compare s.t to s.t. (of different kind) HE BOUGHT A DICTIONARY FOR HER
5. The verbs used in this pattern are too numerous to list here. The verbs brought He brought a dictionary for her
that combine with a preposition in this way are called prepositional verbs. to He brought a dictionary to her
Their combinations and meanings can be found in dictionary entries. the letter He brought the letter to her
6. The proposition for may be used in this pattern with almost any wrote He wrote the letter to her
transitive verbs with the meaning to do s.t. for s.o. (mengerjakan sesuatu
untuk orang lain). So it is the action, not the object, which is meant for Continue :
some one. So in. 1. read 6. promised 11. a present
Please write the letter for me 2. the 7. me 12. brought
announcement 8. the money 13. for
3. the students (ob) 9. she 14. chose
4. the book 10. him 15. ordered
5. sold
Continue and write : 3. All of us. She has cooked a nice dinner
16. bought : ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
17. coffee : ___________________________________
18. made : ___________________________________ 4. I. My ordered a pair of shoes
19. some food : ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
20. left : ___________________________________
21. some money : ___________________________________ 5. She. We have to leave some food
22. a note : ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
23. wrote : ___________________________________
24. to : ___________________________________ 6. They. We have made coffee
25. brought : ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
26. the cheque : ___________________________________
27. for : ___________________________________ 7. Everybody in the room. He offered his cigarettes
28. cashed : ___________________________________
________________________________________________________
29. wrote : ___________________________________
30. the paper : ___________________________________ 8. She. Not he. I have promised the present
________________________________________________________
Exercise 2 : (To reinforce the choice between the preposition to and for).
Listen to the statements. Make corresponding statements including the IO 9. Your brother and sister. Please save some
suggested. Use either to or for.
________________________________________________________
for example :
John. I read the letter 10. The teacher. I’ve written a letter
I read the letter to John
________________________________________________________
She. I bought a birthday present
I bought a birthday present for her 11. The secretary. Please hand this letter
________________________________________________________
1. My parents. I have to write a letter
12. A friend of mine. I’ve promised to lend the book
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. The students. Please announce the results
13. Anybody. We shouldn’t do any harm
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
14. My students. I’ll choose good questions
________________________________________________________
 15. I will you do a favour ?
________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To practice this pattern in the passive construction). Convert the
following sentences into the passive construction.
For example :
I wrote a letter to him
A letter was written to him
1. They’ve chosen a good birthday present for me
________________________________________________________
2. We have to announce the results to the students
________________________________________________________
3. Will he explain this mystery to us ?
________________________________________________________
4. Did they accused her of flirting with him ?
________________________________________________________
5. You should compare your answers with the key
________________________________________________________
6. She offered the cake to everybody in the room
________________________________________________________
7. He has chosen difficult questions for the students
________________________________________________________
8. Mother has made coffee for those guests
________________________________________________________
9. We can’t excuse you for doing such a foolish thing.
________________________________________________________
10. They protect the country from the enemy
________________________________________________________
11. People have spent a lot of money on useless things
________________________________________________________
12. Has he prevented them from writing their papers ?
________________________________________________________
13. Many people still prefer Translation
________________________________________________________
14. Can you distinguish Indonesia people from Malaysia
ones ?
________________________________________________________
15. I have written many letters to her
________________________________________________________
Exercise 4 : (To reinforce the use prepositional verbs). Fill in the blanks with
suitable prepositions :
1. What prevented you ___________ coming regularly ?
2. Could you pass this letter _________ the secretary ?
3. The students are comparing the English structures _________ those of
Indonesian.
4. I heard _________ Mary that he failed __________ his final
examination
5. He devoted all his time ________________ studying English.
6. I’d like to thank you ______________ writing the letter ________ me VERB PATTERN 19
7. He never lend his money ________________ his friends
8. I’m going to borrow some money ___________ the bank The verbs used in this pattern have two objects : an Indirect Object (IO)
9. Who is to blame _____________ starting the fire ? followed by a Direct Object (DO). The verbs can also be used in VP 18 with
10. Many English people prefer coffee ____________ tea the preposition to or for
11. This place reminds me __________ my village Examples :
12. We should remind him _____________ our visit to him tomorrow
13. Can we compare human brain _______________ a computer ? Subject + Verb IO DO
14. He explained ________________ the students the importance of 1. They offered Mr. Green the position of director
learning verb patterns 2. They gave him the first prize
15. Nothing will stop the boys ___________ doing it 3. Have they paid you they money ?
4. Please pass me the salt
5. Show me the books !
6. I wrote her a letter
7. Will you buy me some food ?
8. Mary cooked him a pound of sausage
9. Can you get me a copy of that book ?
10. Mary will make John a cup of tea

Notes :
1. This pattern is preferred when the DO is longer than the IO.
Otherwise VP 18 is used. Compare the examples with the following :
(3a) Have they payed the money to the workers ?
(7a) Will you buy some food for the children ?
2. Examples of the passive construction
(1a) Mr. Green was offered the position of director
(2a) He was given the first prize
3. With the verb write the passive construction is not used :
(6a) * She was written a letter
4. For the verbs used in this pattern see VP 18 A & B
5. There are a small number of verbs that have two objects which cannot
easily be distinguished as direct or direct object. These verbs are rarely
used in VP 18
Examples : (3) Mary will make John husband
(1) I asked him several questions
(2) I envy you your charm Exercise 1 : (To practice this pattern in statements). Substitute the following
(3) That will save me a lot of trouble words
(4) I struck the door a heavy blow For example :
6. There are other constructions similar to this pattern on the surface, but
in fact very different in meaning. Observe the following sentences : MY FATHER BOUGHT ME AN UMBRELLA
(1) Mary will make John a cup of coffee gave My father gave me an umbrella
(2) Mary will make John a good wife her My father gave her an umbrella
(3) Mary will make John a good husband they They gave her an umbrella
In (1) and (2) John is the IO, as both (1) and (2) can be converted a dictionary They gave her a dictionary
respectively to
(1a) Mary will make a cup of coffee for John Continue :
(2a) Mary will make a good wife for John 1. the 6. A New 11. a cup of
Nevertheless, (1a) differs from (2a) in that the NP after make in (1a), a money Dress coffee
cup of coffee, is the DO, while that in (2a), a good wife, is the subject 2. paid 7. Bought 12. him
complement. The latter can be compared with 3. He 8. She 13. ordered
(2b) Mary will make a good secretary 4. passed 9. made 14. brought
which mean 5. the salt 10. herself 15. left
(2c) Mary will become a good secretary
In (3), on the other hand, John is the DO, and a good husband is the Continue and wrote :
object complement. This can be compared with 16. some eggs :_____________________________________
(3a) Mary will make John chairman of the team 17. cooked : ______________________________________
The three sentences, (1), (2) and (3), may contrast clearly in the following 18. them : ______________________________________
table 19. got : ______________________________________
S V IO DO SC OC 20. a letter : ______________________________________
(1) Mary will make John coffee 21. wrote : ______________________________________
(2) Mary will make John wife 22. sent : ______________________________________
23. him : ______________________________________
24. a bouquet :_____________________________________
25. made : ______________________________________
26. a good wife_____________________________________:
27. chose : ______________________________________
28. a present : ______________________________________
29. showed : ______________________________________
30. gave : ______________________________________
Exercise 2 : (For production of this pattern from VP 18)
Listen to the statement. Substitute a pronoun for the IO. Use the pronoun
immediately after the verb
For example :
I bought some sweets for my children
- I bought them some sweets
She wrote a letter to her lover
- She wrote him a letter
1. Please read the story to the students
________________________________________________________
2. We must choose a present for John and Mary
________________________________________________________
3. Can you spare a few minutes for my friend and me ?
________________________________________________________
4. They have offered the position to Mary’s husband
________________________________________________________
5. She’s going to buy a nice toy for her daughter
________________________________________________________
6. I’m going to order a good dinner for my life
________________________________________________________
7. Will you lend some money to your friends ?
________________________________________________________
8. He denies nothing to his friends
________________________________________________________
9. The pupils wish “Good morning” to the teacher
________________________________________________________
10. Will you do a favour for Jane ?
________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 : (To produce this pattern from a passive construction). Convert
the following passive statements into active. Use the word They as subject of
each statement
For example :
George was given the job
They gave George the job
1. The students were bought good dictionaries
________________________________________________________
2. Professor Green was given a compliment
________________________________________________________
3. Mr. Grey was given the name Anne
________________________________________________________
4. The baby was given the name Anne
________________________________________________________
5. John Smith was offered the position of manager
________________________________________________________
6. Their baby was given a bath
________________________________________________________
7. Richard was promised a book
________________________________________________________
8. Her hair was given a washing
________________________________________________________
9. Fred was given a pair of shoes
________________________________________________________
10. Her blue coat was given a cleaning
________________________________________________________

Exercise 4 : (To preview the previous patterns). Give the correct form of the
words in brackets.
1. You ought (know) __________ how (use) ____________ various
patterns by now
2. If you (not remember) _______________ how (use) ___________ a
certain verb you’d better (have) __________ a look at your notes
3. Although you needn’t (memorize) _____________ the numbers of the
patterns. I would (suggest) ___________ (you know) __________ them
4. In the Advanced Learner’s Dictionary you will find the verbs (mark)
_______ P1, P2, etc
5. It would be better for you (know) ___________ what the marks
(mean)_______
6. What, for example, (the mark P2 mean) __________ (know)
___________ the correct constructions
7. P2 (mean) __________ that the verb may (use) __________ with a to-
infinitive
8. Knowing the patterns would (mean) __________ (know) _________
the correct constructions
9. You need (learn) __________ the pattern until your English doesn’t
need (correct) ___________
1. The teacher has given many English lessons
________________________________________________________
2. He always urges the students to practice their English
________________________________________________________
3. We all know him to be a good lecturer
________________________________________________________
4. You should make them understand the importance of verb patterns.
(Remember : inf  to-inf)
________________________________________________________
5. He has kept the people waiting for the decision
________________________________________________________
6. We have to break the door open
________________________________________________________
7. Who should we elect president ?
________________________________________________________
8. We heard the song played again and again
________________________________________________________
9. You’d better leave out the unnecessary words
________________________________________________________
10. They left all leave out the unnecessary words
________________________________________________________
11. They have done their work to satisfy their boss
________________________________________________________
12. People suggested that certain measures should be taken to save the
country
________________________________________________________
13. They have informed the manager that they will strike
________________________________________________________

10. Only then will you (find) _________ it 14. We advised them what to teach
________________________________________________________
(easy)____________________ (write) ___________ and (speak)
_____________ English

Exercise 5 : (To review the passive constructions of the previous patterns).

Convert the following sentences into the passive constructions :
15. Nobody ever knows for certain how language fist came into existence TEST : VP 1 – VP 19
________________________________________________________ Choose the correct answer :
1. ____ tea of coffee for breakfast ?
16. Will you inform us when they will arrive ?
a. has he b. he has c. does he has d. does he have
________________________________________________________
2. We were about to leave when it came on ________
17. He never lends his books to anybody a. to rain b. raining c. rain d. rained
________________________________________________________ 3. Can you tell me if it has left off _____ yet ?
a. to rain b. works c. rain d. rained
18. I’ve bought a dictionary for my daughter
4. He has definitely refused ___ at our office
________________________________________________________
a. working b. works c. to work d. work
19. People accused him of shooting the student 5. What prevented you ____ regularly ?
________________________________________________________ a. to work b. to working c. on working
d. from working
20. They are going to offer him the job
6. Would you mind ____it once again ?
a. to explain b. explaining c. at explaining d. explain
7. I’d rather you ____ composition in this course
a. taught b. teach c. to teach d. teaching
8. Would you mind if I ___ you ?
a. not to accompany b. didn’t accompany
c. not accompanying d. not accompany
9. This house had better ___ painted green
a. been b. was c. be d. to be
10. Would you have the students ____ all the verbs by heart ?
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning
11. When …. Your hair cut short ?
a. have you had b. had you c. did you have
d. did you had
12. My car will need ____ every month
a. servicing b. to service c. to be service
d. to be servicing
13. I wonder what caused him ___ in his final exam 26. We were sorry to see the boy____ black and blue
a. to fail b. fail c. failed d. failing a. beat b. beating c. to beat d. beaten
14. I’m sorry I forgot ____ the door before I left 27. The thief was seen _____ out of the back door
a. locking d. to lock c. lock d. locked a. run b. to run c. ran d. had run
15. Did you turn the radio off before you left ? 28. He looks much younger after his hair has been
a. I think I do c. I think I did a. black dyed b. black dyeing c. dyed black d. dyeing black
b. I thought I did d. I thought I do 29. You must keep the baby ____
16. I ____ still sleeping now a. warm b. warmly c. is warm d. to be warm
a. think you are c. think you were 30. I want her to boil _____
b. thought you are d. thought you were a. hard the eggs c. the eggs hard
17. He said he ____ his room cleaned every day b. the hard eggs d. the eggs hardly
a. hasn’t b. not had c. had not d. didn’t have 31. The cupboard was ______
18. I heard ___ during World War II a. emptily found c. found emptily
a. him died b. he died c. him die d. him dead b. found emptily d. founded empty
19. He didn’t meet her, although he’d very much ______ 32. The Minister appointed him ____ of the institute
a. liked b. to like c. like to d. liked to a. rector c. the rector
20. The professor didn’t come because he’s been asked ______ b. a rector d. as the rector
a. shouldn’t come c. not to 33. ____ did the Smiths name their baby ?
b. to not com d. needn’t to a. Who b. whose c. what d. why
21. H’s proved himself _____ of doing his job 34. The Indonesians have named _____
a. capable b. is capable c. be capable d. been capable a. Jakarta their capital city
22. Mr. Smith, whom we all know _____ a good lecturer, is leaving for b. Jakarta as their capital city
London c. Their capital city Jakarta
a. him is b. him to be c. to be d. him d. Their capital city as Jakarta
23. The students should always be made ___ regularly 35. The teacher wants this test __ in not more than one hour
a. work b. to work c. working d. worked a. to finish b. finish c. finished d. finishes
24. Would you let me ____ first before you explain it ? 36. This house ____ four large bedrooms and two bathrooms
25. I could hear her heart ___ rapidly as she drew closer to me a. gets b. got c. is getting d. has got
a. beat b. beating c. to beat d. beaten 37. She ___ her handbag stolen last week
a. got b. had c. has got d. had got
38. Will you ___ at 6 o’clock tomorrow ? 51. I haven’t been informed where ___
a. call her on c. call up her a. is he from b. he is from
b. call her up d. call to her c. he from is d. from he is
39. What did you visit them __ ? 52. Please tell me__ the Dean is in today
a. to do b. to c. at d. for a. where b. what c. how d. if
40. __ did you buy that dictionary ? 53. Do you remember who __ the prisoner ?
a. what for b. for what c. why d. which a. did visit b. visited c. to visit d. visiting
41. I suggested that she __ giving private lessons 54. I’d prefer __ at home tonight
a. stopped b. stop c. stops d. to stop a. to stay b. staying c. stayed d. to staying
42. I saw __ dogs 55. She prefers walking ___
a. him hate b. him hated c. he hated d. him hating a. to cycle b. cycling c. cycles d. to cycling
43. Can you help me to invigilate tomorrow ? 56. I would never permit __ during wan examination
a. I’m afraid so b. I’m afraid not a. to talk b. talking c. talked d. to talking
c. I’m so afraid d. I’m not afraid 57. I don’t feel like __ anything today
44. I wish I ___ her a. doing b. to do c. will do d. won’t do
a. will never meet b. never meet 58. I did go to his home, but I failed __ him
c. had never met d. have never met a. in meeting b. meeting c. to meet d. to meeting
45. She confessed ___ that she had spent all the money 59. So he has succeeded __ his job down
a. me b. to me c. for me d. at me a. in holding b. holding c. to hold d. held
46. I wonder how __ such a difficult problem 60. She explained __ that she couldn’t possibly accept the job
a. to solve b. solve a. me b. for me c. to me d. with me
c. should I solve d. should be solved 61. She is so motherly that I’m sure she will make John
47. Do you know where __ the umbrella ? a. a good husband b. a good wife
a. did she put b. should she put c. for a good husband d. for a good wife
c. she put d. has she put 62. My brother wrote the letter __ my mother, as she couldn’t write
48. You have to practice __ English all the time herself
a. to speak b. speaking c. is spoken d. speak a. for b. to c. of d. off
49. I’ll have the students __ what to discuss in the next lesson 63. That reminds me ___ how I once won a competition
a. to decide b. decided c. decide d. deciding a. that b. about c. of d. when
50. Do you know – It takes to go to London by plane ?
a. how long b. how far c. how much d. how many
64. Will you___ that dictionary, please ? 76. He denies her ___
a. take me b. bring me a. nothing b. for nothing c. at nothing d. to nothing
c. take to me d. bring to me 77. Never put ___ till tomorrow what you can do today
65. I asked __ , but she remained silent a. on b. off c. away d. aside
a. a question to her b. a question for her 78. It’s better for you ___ exactly what she means
c. her a question d. to her a question a. know b. knowing c. to know d. should know
66. I heard __ again for the third time 79. They begin__ how important English is
a. her fail b. she failed a. to realize b. realizing
c. her to fail d. her failing c. should realize d. realize
67. Many English people prefer coffee__ tea 80. They left the door ___ on purpose
a. than b. from c. to d. with a. opening b. openly c. to be open d. open
68. Why does she always avoid __ me ? 81. Mr. Green was offered __ of director
a. meeting b. from meeting c. for doing d. meets a. the position b. to the position
69. Nothing will stop the boy ___ it c. for the position d. in the position
a. to do b. to doing c. for doing d. from doing 82. Those children will need ___ after
70. She offered the cake __ everybody in the room a. should be looked b. being looked
a. to b. for c. at d. around c. looking d. looked
71. That will save me ___ a lot of trouble 83. The students kept on __ in spite of the teacher
a. from b. with c. for d. around a. talking b. to talk c. talked d. were talking
72. I don’t think it will do any harm __ anybody 84. I wish I __ to give a test today
a. for b. to c. at d. towards a. haven’t b. don’t have
73. Will you____ a favour for me ? c. haven’t got d. didn’t have
a. do b. make c. take d. bring 85. She couldn’t help ___ when she saw the clown
74. Very few os us find English ___ a. laugh b. to laugh c. laughing d. laughed
a. easily b. easy c. easiness d. at ease 86. She couldn’t help me ___ this piece of work
75. The people of the States have elected ___ a. finish b. for finishing
a. President Reagan c. finishing d. finished
b. The President Reagan 87. I enjoyed __ your article on the subject
c. Reagan president a. read b. reading
d. Reagan the President c. to read d. when read
 b. doesn’t decide to visit her
c. won’t visit her
d. can’t visit her

88. Nobody will believe __ difficult this work has been

a. what b. why c. how d. whether 96. I thought she wasn’t married
89. Will you advise me which __ ? This sentence implies that ___
a. should I buy b. should buy a. she is married
c. to buy d. be bought b. she is married
90. It’s beginning ___ again now c. the speaker is not sure is married
a. raining b. rained c. has rained d. to rain d. the speaker is sure she is not married
91. When I entered the room they stopped talking. This means that 97. He regretted following her advise
they___ From this we know that he___
a. kept on talking a. doesn’t like to follow her advise
b. began talking b. followed her advise
c. stopped to talk c. was supposed to follow her advise
d. were no longer talking d. couldn’t follow her advise
92. I would like to have been at the party. This means that he ___ 98. I couldn’t help telling them off
a. enjoyed the party This means that I ___
b. didn’t like the party a. told them off
c. wasn’t at the party b. couldn’t tell them off
d. had been at the party c. couldn’t help them
93. I’ll never forget being treated so badly d. didn’t help to tell them
This means that he___ 99. She promised me not to come
a. will be treated as such This sentence means that___
b. wont forget to be treated as such a. she asked me not to come
c. will always remember the event b. she didn’t promise me to come
d. will always remember to be treated that way c. I shouldn’t come
94. I wish I could help her d. She wont come
From this sentence we know that the speaker___ 100. I want to have my car serviced
a. didn’t want to help her This means the same as ___
b. managed to help her a. I want to have serviced it
c. expected to help her b. I want to service it myself
d. can’t help her c. I want to have someone serviced it
95. He has decided not to visit her again d. I have serviced it
We may know from this sentence that he ___
a. doesn’t want to visit her