ABSTRACT
Wireless communication is bringing fundamentalchanges to data networking andtelecommunication. Broadband WirelessNetworks, Wireless LAN's, mobile radionetworks and cellular systems, combine toproduce mobile computing and communicationsanytime, anywhere. With current wirelesstechnologies we have the capability of reachingvirtually every location on the earth. Wirelesstelephony and messaging services have led theway into the domains of personal and businesscomputing. WLANs are based on the
IEEE802.11
standardThe first wireless transmitters went on the air inthe early 20th century using radiotelegraphy(Morse code). Soon after, information was thenadded to the signal carriers, a process known asmodulation. This made it possible to transmitvoices and music via wireless, the mediumwhich came to be called "radio." With the adventof television, fax, data communication, and theeffective use of a larger portion of the spectrum,the term "wireless" has been revived
Wireless networks are rapidly becoming morepopular and coming down in price. Since theydon’t require cables, you can use the devicesanywhere in the office or home. Flexibility andmobility both make wireless LANs botheffective extensions and attractive alternatives towired networks. Wireless LANs provide all thefunctionality of Wired LANs, without thephysical constrains of the wire itself. The abilityto access and send information from virtuallyanywhere is invaluable. Wireless LANs and thetechnology are being developed andimplemented everyday i.e. educationalinstitutions, medical institutions and businessesin general are all adapting to this new trend andadopting this new technology. Wireless LANand its technology will continue to grow,expanding the internet, and pave the way for ourfuture.
In this paper we mainly discuss about thedifferent types of wireless technologies that arebeing used in the present trend
INTRODUCTION
The term wireless refers to telecommunicationtechnology, in which radio waves, infraredwaves and microwaves, instead of cables orwires, are used to carry a signal to connectcommunication devices. These devices includepagers, cell phones, portable PCs, computernetworks, location devices, satellite systems andhandheld digital assistants. Wireless technologyis rapidly evolving, and is playing an ever-increasing role in the lives of people throughoutthe world. Wireless technologies represent arapidly emerging area of growth and importancefor providing ubiquitous access to the network Wireless technologies, systems, and serviceshave dramatically changed over the past 5 years.New technology capabilities and limitedrestrictions (deregulation) are allowing existingsystems to offer new services. Many of thesenew services compete with other types of wireless systems that have not experiencedsignificant competition.While new competition has provided lower costComputer technology is showing up everywhereservices for consumers, it means a rapidlychanging marketplace for the wireless industry.Some of these changes include the
increase
inmobile telephone customers from
300 million
to
1.2 billion
customers within 5 years and the
decrease
of paging uses from a peak
of
1.4billion
devices to under
270 million
in 3years.
in our daily lives in the form of wirelessnetwork-based products for consumer use.Activities such as using a mobile phone to
remotely access your home security oraudio/visual systems, getting information aboutthe status of your car directly from themanufacturer while driving, using the smart cardin your phone for storing personal information orto make secure transactions, or networkingwireless home appliances will soon be as normal
as driving a car or making a telephone call.ecently, industry has made significant progressRin resolving some constraints to the widespreadadoption of wireless technologies. Some of theconstraints have included disparate standards,low bandwidth, and high infrastructure andservice cost. Wireless technologies can bothsupport the institution mission and provide cost-effective solutions. Wireless is being adopted formany new applications: to connect computers, toallow remote monitoring and data acquisition, toprovide access control and security, and toprovide a solution for environments where wiresmay not be the best solution.
WHAT IS WIRELESSTECHNOLOGY?
A wireless LAN is one in which a mobile usercan connect to a local area network (LAN)through a wireless radio connection. Wirelesstechnology encompasses notebook computers,laptops, cellular phones, PDA’s (personal digitalassistant), and wireless networking. Wirelessnetworking includes several devices such as:routers, PC air cards, bridges, Bluetooth,infrared, and gaming adaptors. Wirelesstechnology is paving the way people conductbusiness, their everyday lives, and education.The implication of this technology has resultedin greater productivity for everyone whether it’sfor recreation or business.
WiFi
–
acronym for “Wireless Fidelity,” whichis a set of standards for wireless local Areanetworks (WLAN).
LAN
–
A local area network (LAN) is a groupof computers and associated devices that share acommon communications line or wireless link and typically share the resources of a singleprocessor or server within a small geographicarea.
TYPES OF DEVICES:
Wireless technology is composed of severaldifferent products and devices. Depending onwhat type of wireless connection you are tryingto achieve, it is essential to find what productbest suits your needs. Wireless LAN technologycan be used for several purposes, but mostcommonly for enabling a personal computer toaccess the internet relatively anywhere. Routers,PC air cards, and bridges are three of the mostcommon devices used in order to attain wirelessconnectivity.
Routers
-
A device that forwards data packetsalong networks. A router is connected to at leasttwo networks, commonly two LANs or a LANand its ISP’s (internet service provider) network.Routers are located at gateways, the placeswhere two or more networks connect. Routers inhouseholds are commonly connected to a modemand transmit data packets to othercomputers/laptops which can receive the datawith PC air cards, bridges, or another type of device.
PC air cards
–
PC air cards are adaptorsused to pull in data which is transmitted from arouter or other wireless source. You slide thedevice into your notebook's PC Card slot andthen you are able to access a wireless
network with your notebook computer, whileretaining true mobility. Once you're
connected, you can keep in touch with your e-mail, access the Internet, and share files andother resources such as printers and network storage with other computers on the network.Another similar device is a USB network adaptor. The device performs the same functionsbut is installed into a USB slot instead.
APPLICATIONS
There are numerous applications for all thedifferent wireless technologies. For the purposesof this paper, applications of wirelesstechnologies are divided into the following:
•
Voice and messaging,
•
Hand-held and other Internet-enableddevices, and
•
Data Networking.Although a traditional classification, this way of categorizing wireless technologies also includestheir differences in cost models, bandwidth,coverage areas, etc. Finally, a section is includedon issues related to wireless technologies.
Voice and Messaging
:
Cell phones, pagers, and commercial two-waybusiness radios can provide voice and messagingservices. These devices may be based on analogor digital standards that differ primarily in theway in which they process signals and encodeinformation. The analog standard is theAdvanced Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS).Digital standards are Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM), Time
Division
Multiple Access (TDMA), or Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) Normally, devicesoperate within networks that providemetropolitan, statewide, or nationwide coverage.These operate in different frequency bandswhich are allocated by the FCC. Throughputdepends on the standard being used, butpresently in the U.S., these networks operatethroughput rates up to 16 kilobits per second(Kbps)
FIGURE: VOICE MESSAGING
New digital standards, also referred to as"Third-Generation Services" or 3G, are expectedby 2004, and will provide 30 times faster transferrates and enhanced capabilities. Because of themany standards, there are interoperability issuesbetween networks, carriers, and devices.Generally, charges are based on per minuteutilization or per number of messages.
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