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A
(
A
), letter of the alphabet, traditionally called
ailm
ailm
/alʹimʹ/, the elm tree.
á
, int. (
á
) (ɑː) ah! oh!
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) comprehensive relative particle, with eclipsis and the dependent form of the verb:
tugaim a bhfuil agam duit
, I give you all I have.
Bhí a raibh de leabhraibh Béarla sa bhaile againn léighte agus ath-léighte agam 
, I had read and re-read all theEnglish books we had at home [PUL1915].
Go dtí a bhfuil le leathbhliain
, until half ayear ago.
Gach a bhfuaradar de dhaoine
, all the people they found. Becomes
ar
withthe past tense. Combines with
de
as
dá
:
gach fear dá bhfuil ann
, every man there.Note: pronounced /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a mbeadh
/i mʹex/.
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) however much. Used with an abstract noun, which is lenited:
agus bhí iongnadh ár gcroídhe orainn araon a fheabhas do labhair na buachaillí óga an Ghaeluinn linn 
, we were greatly surprised how well the young boys spoke Irish to us[PUL1915]. Note: this usage, derived from the possessive particle, is similar to that of 
dá
in the same meaning. Pronounced /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a mhéid
/ivʹeːdʹ/.
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) indirect relative particle, with eclipsis and the dependent form of the verb:
go dtí áit ar a dtugtí Bara na Réidhe 
, to a place that was called Barra na Ré [PUL1915].Often meaning “when, where; as”:
a nduairt sé
, as he said. Becomes
ar
with the pasttense. Note: this indirect relative particle is generally used after a preposition, where ithas the force of a relative pronoun, and not where the preposition is separated from theparticle. In other words, it is
áit ar a dtugtí Barra na Ré
or 
áit go dtugtí Barra na Ré air
.See
go; gur; ar
. Pronounced /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a mbeadh
/i mʹex/.
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) leniting particle governing the verbal noun preceded by an object:
rud adhéanamh
, to do something. Note:
a
is a reduced form of 
do
, which is also found (
ruddo dhéanamh
). The particle is omitted in pronunciation after a vowel and often sowritten:
é ’ dhéanamh
/eː jianəv/, to do it. Becomes
do
, or 
a dh’
(or 
’ dh’
alone) before avowel (
d’ól
/doːl/;
a dh’ól
/ə ɣoːl/;
’
 
dh’ól
/ɣoːl/;
d’ínsint
/dʹiːnʃintʹ/;
a dh’ínsint
/i jiːnʃintʹ/;
’dh’ínsint
/jiːnʃintʹ/):
do theitheadar a’ h-Éirinn sar a bhféadfaí an cleas Gallda san a dh’imirt ortha 
, they fled from Ireland before that foreign game could be played on them[PUL1915].
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) leniting particle that precedes a direct relative clause:
an fear a tháiniginné
, the man who came yesterday. Note:
a
is a reduced form of 
do
, which is alsofound (
an fear do tháinig inné
). Can also be
do
, or 
a dh’
(or 
’ dh’
alone) before a vowel(
d’ól
/doːl/;
a dh’ól
/ə ɣoːl/;
’ dh’ól
/ɣoːl/;
d’inis
/dʹinʹiʃ/;
a dh’inis
/i jinʹiʃ/;
’ dh’inis
/jinʹiʃ/):
ach 
 
nár bh’ fhéidir aon daoine eile dh’fhághail a dh’fhéadfadh oiread cíosa dhéanamh as an dtalamh agus a dh’fhéadaidís sin a dhéanamh 
, but no-one else could be found whocould generate as much rent from the land as they could [PUL1915].
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) particle preceding numerals in counting, with h-prefixation before avowel:
a haon, a dó, a trí
, one, two, three.
Do rogha dá haon agus dá dó
, your choice of either 1 or 2. Note: pronounced /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a sé
/i ʃeː/.
a
, particle. (
a
) (ə) vocative particle, causing lenition:
a Phádraig
, Patrick! Note: thepronunciation is /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a Bhriain
/i vrʹiənʹ/, Brian! Theparticle is completely elided in pronunciation before a vowel, as in
a athair
/ahirʹ/, father!
a
, possessive particle. (
a
) (ə) her, its; with h-prefixation before a vowel:
a capall
, her horse;
a hathair
, her father. Note: the pronunciation is /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
aceann
/i kʹaun/, her head.
a
, possessive particle. (
a
) (ə) his, its; with lenition:
a chapall
, his horse;
a athair
, his father;
a mhachnamh
, the thought of it. Note: the pronunciation is /i/ before a slender consonant, as in
a cheann
/i xʹaun/, his head; the particle is completely elided inpronunciation before a vowel, as in
a athair
/ahirʹ/, his father.
a
, possessive particle. (
a
) (ə) their, with eclipsis and n-prefixation before a vowel:
agcapall
, their horse;
a n-athair
, their father. Note: the pronunciation is /i/ before aslender consonant, as in
a dtigh
/i dʹigʹ/, their house.
á
, pron. (
á, dá, ’ġá
) (ɑː) prepositional pronoun combining the particle governing the verbalnoun and a pronoun object, with two meanings. 1. passive meaning (historically oftenwritten
dá
, although the etymology appears suspect, as
á
derives historically from
ag
and not
do
):
na Gaedhil d’á ruagadh a’ talamh a sínsear 
, the Gaels were driven from theland of their ancestors [PUL1915]. 2. where a third-person pronoun is the object of theaction expressed by the verbal noun (historically often written
’ġá
):
do bhíos á dhíol,
Iwas selling it. See
dá; dhá
.
ab
, m. (gs.
aba
, npl.
abanna
) (
ab, abanna
, gs.
abaḋ
) (ɑb, ɑbənə) abbot.
ab
, verb.
is
.
abairt
, f. (gs.
abairte
, npl.
abartha/abairtí
) (
abairt, abarṫa/abairtí
) (ɑbirtʹ, ɑbərhə~ɑbir'tʹiː)saying, sentence, expression.
Níor airigheas riamh amach a’ béal duine na h-abartha so 
, I had never heard these phrases out of people’s mouths [PUL1915].
Abartha fé ‘is’
,phrases using the word ‘is’. Note: the plural is generally
abairtí
in the more moderngrammatical sense of “sentence”.
ábalta
, adj. (
ábalta
) (ɑːbəlhə) able, capable. With
ar
:
is ar éigin a bhí sé ábalta ar 
 
sheasamh 
, he could hardly stand [PUL1915]. Note: from the English word “able”.
abha
, f. (gs.
abhann
, ds.
abhainn
, npl.
aibhní
, gpl.
abhann
) (
aḃa, aiḃní
) (au, əi'ŋʹiː, gs. aun,ds. auŋʹ) river.
An Abha Bheag
, the River Awbeg, a tributary of the Blackwater, in Co.Cork.
An Abha Mhór
,
 
the River Blackwater in Co. Cork.
abhac
, m. (npl.
abhaic
, gpl.
abhac
) (
aḃac, aḃaic
) (auk, aukʹ) dwarf.
Nuair throidid na fathaigh is rígh an t-abhac 
, when giants fight, the dwarf is king [PUL1903].
abhaile
, adv. (
aḃaile
) (ə'vɑlʹi) home, homewards.
Cuirim abhaile é
, I send him home.
Tiocfaidh sé abhaile chút
, it will rebound on you.
Isteach abhaile
, into the home.Sometimes meaning “back where something belongs”:
do thugadar leabhair leó ar iasacht agus ansan do sgríobhadar macshamhla, a ndóthin díobh, sar ar chuireadar abhaile na h-iasachtaí 
, they lent them books and then they wrote plenty of copies of them before they sent the loaned items back [PUL1907].
abhainn
, f. ICS.
abha
.
abhar
, m. (npl.
abhair
, gpl.
abhar
) (
aḋḃar, aḋḃair
) (aur, aurʹ) 1. material; the makings of something.
Abhar aighnis
, matter of dispute.
Abhar áthais
, a cause for exultation.
Abharbuartha
, a cause for grief.
Abhar na gcábán
, material for making the tents/booths.
Abhar cainnte
, topic of conversation.
Abhar creidiúna
, a thing of credit, somethingworthy of credit.
Abhar dochtúra
, a medical student, a trainee doctor.
Abharmachnaimh
, food for thought, cause for reflection.
Abhar sagairt
, a clerical student, themakings of a priest.
Abhar spóirt
, a means of enjoyment, a plaything [used in PUL1913to describe the wasting of wealth to level mountains].
Abhar tine
, fuel.
’N-a dhiaidh san,nuair a dh’iompuigh an chómhacht ríoga, ó bheith ’n-a cosnamh do shaoirse daoine agus ’n-a h-abhar meuduighthe do’n stát, chun uabhair agus chun tíorántachta, do deineadh atharú 
, afterwards, when royal power changed from protecting the freedom of the people and from being a means to promote the expansion of the state, to arroganceand tyranny, a change was made [PUL1913]. 2. cause, reason (with
ar,
a reason for something):
cad iad na h-adhbhair ar a n-abarthar an t-aifrion? 
why is the Mass said?[PUL1921].
Ar an abhar san
, for that reason.
Gan abhar
, for no reason. See
ábhar
.
ábhar
, m. (npl.
ábhair
, gpl.
ábhar
) (
aḋḃar/áḋḃar, aḋḃair/áḋḃair
) (ɑːvər, ɑːvirʹ) amount,number, quantity.
Ní raibh aon ábhar acu ann
, there were hardly any of them there.Note:
ábhar
is also ICS for 
abhar
.
abhcóideacht
, f. ICS.
abhcóidíocht
.
abhcóidíocht
, noun/vn, f. (gs.
abhcóidíochta
) (
aḃcóidiḋeaċt
) (au'koːdʹiːxt) advocacy;discussion.
Choimeádfaidís sin ansan tú go maidin amáireach ag caint agus ag 
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