VE@BA BROJ : 1

Azot ( N2 )

1.1.1. p1 = 0,16 [MPa] 1-2 ÷ p<1,2 = idem R= 297 [ J/kg≅K ]

<1 = 0,5 [m3/kg] 2-3 ÷ < = idem cp = 1,04 [ kJ/kg≅K ]

T2 = 323 [K] 3-4 ÷ p<1,2 = idem cv = 0,74 [ kJ/kg≅K ]

p3 = 2,5 [MPa] 4-1 ÷ p = idem M = 28 ≅ 10-3 [ kg/mol ]

VE@BA BROJ : 1
Azot ( N2 )

1.1.1. p1 = 0,16 [MPa] 1-2 ÷ p<1,2 = idem R= 297 [ J/kg≅K ]

<1 = 0,5 [m3/kg] 2-3 ÷ < = idem cp = 1,04 [ kJ/kg≅K ]

T2 = 323 [K] 3-4 ÷ p<1,2 = idem cv = 0,74 [ kJ/kg≅K ]

p3 = 2,5 [MPa] 4-1 ÷ p = idem M = 28 ≅ 10-3 [ kg/mol ]

A)

B) 1-2 ÷ p<1,2 = idem

p1 = 0,16 [MPa]
<1 = 0,5 [m3/kg]
p 1 ⋅ν 1 0 ,16 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0 , 5
p 1 ⋅ ν 1 = R ⋅ T1 ⇒ T1 = = = 269 , 36 [K ]
R 297
R ⋅ T2
p 2 ⋅ν 2 = R ⋅ T 2 ⇒ p 2 =
ν 2

R ⋅ T2
p 1 ⋅ν 1 = p 2 ⋅ν ⇒ p 1 ⋅ν 1 = ⋅ν
1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2
2
ν 2
2

Student : Sreten Popovic 154/99 zadatak br. : 7

Asistent : Ruzica Stipic list br. : 1
 1
p ⋅ν 1, 2 ⎛ p ⋅ν 1, 2 ⎞ 0 , 2 ⎛ 0,16 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0,5 ⎞
ν 20 , 2 = 1 1 ⇒ ν 2 = ⎜⎜ 1 1 ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⇒ ν 2 = 0, 202 [ m 3 / kg ]
R ⋅ T2 ⎝ R ⋅ T2 ⎠ ⎝ 297 ⋅ 323 ⎠
R ⋅ T2 297 ⋅ 323
p2 = = = 0, 4757 [ MPa ]
ν2 0, 202

2 − 3 ⇒ ν = idem
p 3 = 2,5[ MPa ]
ν 2 = ν 3 = 0, 202 [ m 3 / kg ]
p 3 ⋅ν 3 2,5 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0, 202
p 3 ⋅ν 3 = R ⋅ T3 ⇒ T3 = = = 1700 ,34 [K ]
R 297

3 − 4 ⇒ p ν 1, 2 = idem
p 4 = p1 = 0,16[ MPa ]
1
p 3 1, 2 ⎛ p ⎞ 1, 2
p 3 ⋅ν 3 = p 4 ⋅ν 4 ⇒ ν1 = ⋅ν 3 ⇒ ν 4 = ⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ ⋅ν 3
1, 2 1, 2 1, 2

p4 ⎝ p4 ⎠
10
⎛ 2,5 ⎞ 12
ν4 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ 0, 202 = 1,996 [ m 3 / kg ]
⎝ 0,16 ⎠

4 − 1 ⇒ p = idem
p 4 ⋅ν 4 0,16 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 1,996
p 4 ⋅ν 4 = R ⋅ T 4 ⇒ T 4 = = = 1075 , 29 [K ]
R 297
C) a)
du = c v ⋅ dT
dh = c p ⋅ dT
1 − 2 ⇒ u 2 − u1 = c v (T2 − T1 ) = 0,74 ⋅ (323 − 269 ,36 ) = 39 ,639 [ kJ / kg ]
2 − 3 ⇒ u 3 − u 2 = c v (T3 − T2 ) = 0,74 ⋅ (1700 ,34 − 323 ) = 1019 ,2316 [ kJ / kg ]
3 − 4 ⇒ u 4 − u 3 = c v (T4 − T3 ) = 0,74 ⋅ (1075 , 29 − 1700 ,34 ) = − 462 ,537 [ kJ / kg ]
4 − 1 ⇒ u1 − u 4 = c v (T1 − T4 ) = 0,74 ⋅ ( 269 ,36 − 1075 ,29 ) = − 596 ,38[ kJ / kg ]
1 − 2 ⇒ h2 − h1 = c p (T2 − T1 ) = 1,04 ⋅ (323 − 269 ,36 ) = 55 ,7856 [ kJ / mol ]
2 − 3 ⇒ h3 − h2 = c p (T3 − T3 ) = 1,04 ⋅ (1700 ,34 − 323 ) = 1432 ,4336 [ kJ / mol ]
3 − 4 ⇒ h4 − h3 = c p (T4 − T3 ) = 1,04 ⋅ (1075 ,29 − 1700 ,34 ) = − 650 ,05[ kJ / mol ]
4 − 1 ⇒ h1 − h4 = c p (T1 − T4 ) = 1,04 ⋅ ( 269 ,36 − 1075 ,29 ) = 838 ,16[ kJ / mol ]
Student : Sreten Popovic 154/99 zadatak br. : 7
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b)
δ w = p ⋅ dν
1 − 2 ⇒ pν 1, 2 = idem
⎛ν ⎞
1, 2

p1 ⋅ν 1, 2
= p ⋅ν 1, 2
⇒ p = p1 ⋅ ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ν ⎠
1

v2
p ⋅ v1, 2 ⎛ ⎞
2 2 2 v
dv 1
W1− 2 = − ∫ p ⋅ dv = − ∫ 1 1, 21 dv = − p1 ⋅ v11, 2 ⋅ ∫ 1, 2 = − p1 ⋅ v11, 2 ⋅ ⎜ − ⎟ =
1 1
v v1
v ⎝ 0, 2 ⋅ v 0, 2
⎠ v1
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= − p1 ⋅ v11, 2 ⋅ ⎜⎜ 0, 2 − 0, 2 ⎟⎟ = −0,16 ⋅10 6 ⋅ 0,51, 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ 0, 2 − 0, 2
⎟ = 79494,59[ J / kg ]
0,2 ⎝ v1 v2 ⎠ 0, 2 ⎝ 0,5 0, 202 ⎠
W1− 2 = 79,495[ kJ / kg ]

2 − 3 ⇒ v = idem
3
W2−3 = − ∫ p ⋅ dv = 0
2

3 − 4 ⇒ pν 1, 2 = idem
⎛ν ⎞
1, 2

p3 ⋅ν 1, 2
= p ⋅ν 1, 2
⇒ p = p3 ⋅ ⎜ 3 ⎟
⎝ν ⎠
3

v4
p ⋅ v1, 2 ⎛ ⎞
4 4 4 v
dv 1
W3− 4 = − ∫ p ⋅ dv = − ∫ 3 1, 23 dv = − p3 ⋅ v31, 2 ⋅ ∫ 1, 2 = − p3 ⋅ v31, 2 ⋅ ⎜ − ⎟ =
3 3
v v3
v ⎝ 0, 2 ⋅ v 0, 2
⎠ v3
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= p3 ⋅ v31, 2 ⋅ ⎜⎜ 0, 2 − 0, 2 ⎟⎟ = 2,5 ⋅10 6 ⋅ 0,2021, 2 ⋅ ⋅⎜ 0, 2
− 0, 2
⎟ = −928019,74[ J / kg ]
0,2 ⎝ v 4 v3 ⎠ 0,2 ⎝ 1,996 0,202 ⎠
W3− 4 = −928,02[ kJ / kg ]

(4 − 1 ⇒ p = idem; p = 0,16[ MPa ])

1 v1

W4−1 = − ∫ p ⋅ dv = − p ∫ dv = − p1 ⋅ v v1 = p ⋅ (v 4 − v1 ) = 0,16 ⋅10 6 ⋅ (1,996 − 0,5) = 239360[ J / kg ]

v
4
4 v4

W4−1 = 239,36[kJ / kg ]

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Asistent : Ruzica Stipic list br. : 3
c)

δ q + δ w = dU
δq = δu − δw
q a − b = (u b − u a ) − wa − b

1 − 2 ⇒ q1− 2 = (u 2 − u1 ) − w1− 2 = 39 ,6936 − 79 , 495 = − 39 ,8014 [ kJ / kg ]

2 − 3 ⇒ q 2 −3 = (u 3 − u 2 ) − w2 −3 = 1019 , 2316 − 0 = 1019 , 2316 [ kJ / kg ]
3 − 4 ⇒ q 3− 4 = (u 4 − u 3 ) − w3− 4 = − 462 ,537 + 928 ,02 = 465 , 483[ kJ / kg ]
4 − 1 ⇒ q 4 −1 = (u1 − u 4 ) − w4−1 = − 596 ,388 − 239 ,36 = − 835 ,748[ kJ / kg ]

d)

Tj
1
T j − T i T∫i
c i− j = c T = ⋅ c (T ) dT
Tj
i

1 − 2 ⇒ pv 1, 2 = idem
q 1− 2 − 39 ,8014
c 1− 2 = = = − 0 , 742 [ kJ / kgK ]
T 2 − T1 323 − 269 ,36
2 − 3 ⇒ v = idem
q 2−3 1019 , 2316
c 2−3 = = = 0 , 74 [ kJ / kgK ]
T 3 − T 2 1700 ,34 − 323
3 − 4 ⇒ pv 1, 2 = idem
q 3− 4 465 , 483
c 3− 4 = = = − 0 , 745 [ kJ / kgK ]
T 4 − T3 1075 , 29 − 1700 ,34
4 − 1 ⇒ p = idem
q 4 −1 − 835 , 748
c 4 −1 = = = 1, 037 [ kJ / kgK ]
T1 − T 4 269 ,36 − 1075 , 29

Student : Sreten Popovic 154/99 zadatak br. : 7

Asistent : Ruzica Stipic list br. : 4
δ w t = − v ⋅ dp

1 − 2 ⇒ p ⋅ ν 1, 2 = idem
1
p 1 1, 2 ⎛ p ⎞ 1, 2
p1 ⋅ ν 1 = p ⋅ ν 1, 2 ⇒ ν 1, 2 = ⋅ ν 1 ⇒ ν = ⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ ⋅ν 1
1, 2

p ⎝ p4 ⎠
p2
1
1 1 1 (− +1 )
2 p2
− p 1, 2
= ∫ v ⋅ dp = p ⋅ v1 ∫p ⋅ dp = p ⋅ v1 ⋅ =
t 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2
w 1− 2 1 1
1
1 p1 − +1
1, 2 p1

⎛ ⎞
( ) ( ) ( )
10 0,2 0,2
1, 2
= 0 ,16 ⋅ 10 6 12 ⋅ 0 ,5 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜⎜ 0 , 4757 ⋅ 10 6 1, 2 − 0 ,16 ⋅ 10 6 1, 2 ⎟⎟
0,2 ⎝ ⎠
w1t− 2 = 95 ,586 [ kJ / kg ]

2 − 3 ⇒ ν = idem
3 p3

= ∫ v ⋅ dp = v ∫ dp =v ⋅ ( p 3 − p 2 ) = 0 , 202 ⋅ ( 2 ,5 ⋅ 10 6 − 0 , 4757 ⋅ 10 6 )
t
w 2−3
2 p2

w 2t − 3 = 408 ,909 [ kJ / kg ]

3 − 4 ⇒ p ⋅ ν 1, 2 = idem
1
p3 ⎛ p ⎞ 1, 2
p3 ⋅ν 3 = p ⋅ ν 1, 2 ⇒ ν 1, 2 = ⋅ ν 31, 2 ⇒ ν = ⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ ⋅ν 3
1, 2

p ⎝ p ⎠
p4
1
1 1 1 (− +1 )
4 p4
− p 1, 2
= ∫ v ⋅ dp = p ⋅ v3 ∫p ⋅ dp = p ⋅ v3 ⋅ =
t 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2
w 3− 4 3 3
1
3 p3 − +1
1, 2 p3

⎛ ⎞
( ) ( ) ( )
10 0,2 0,2
1, 2
= 2 ,5 ⋅ 10 6 12
⋅ 0 , 202 ⋅
⋅ ⎜⎜ 0 ,16 ⋅ 10 6 1, 2 − 2 ,5 ⋅ 10 6 1, 2
⎟⎟
⎝ 0,2 ⎠
w 3 − 4 = − 1113 , 6597 [ kJ / kg ]
t

4 − 1 ⇒ p = idem
w 3t − 4 = ∫ v ⋅ dp =0

Student : Sreten Popovic 154/99 zadatak br. : 7

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 D)
1− 2 − 3
q1− 2 −3 = U 3 − U 1 − W1− 2 −3 − U 2 − U 1 + U 3 − U 2 − W1− 2 − W 2 −3 = q1− 2 + q 2 −3 = −39,8014 + 1019 ,2316
q1− 2 −3 = 979,4302[ kJ / kg ]
W1− 2 −3 = W1− 2 + W 2 −3 = 79,495 + 0 = 79,495[ kJ / kg ]
W1t− 2 −3 = W1t− 2 − W 2t−3 = 95,586 + 408,909 = 504 .495[ kJ / kg ]

1− 4 − 3
q1− 4 −3 = U 3 − U 1 − W1− 4 −3 − U 4 − U 1 + U 3 − U 4 − W1− 4 − W 4 −3 = − q 4 −1 − q 3− 4 = 835,748 − 465,483
q1− 4 −3 = 370,265[ kJ / kg ]
W1− 4 −3 = −W 4 −1 − W3− 4 = −239,36 + 928,02 = 688,66[ kJ / kg ]
W1t− 4 −3 = −W 4t−1 − W3t− 4 = 0 + 1113,6597 = 1113,6597[ kJ / kg ]

promena pomena spec promena spec obavljeni spec obavljeni spec predata spec srednji spec
stanja unutrasnje energije entalpije apsolutni rad tehnicki rad kolicin toplote toplotni kapac
i–j ( Uj – Ui ) / [kJ/kg] (hj–hi) / [kJ/kg] Wi-j / [kJ/kg] Wi-jt / [kJ/kg] qi-j / [kJ/kg] ci-j / [kJ/kg]
1-2 39,6936 55,7856 79,495 95,586 - 39,8014 -0,742

2-3 1019,2316 1432,4336 0 408,909 1019,2316 0,74

3-4 - 462,537 - 650,052 - 928,02 - 1113,659 465,483 -0,745

4-1 - 596,3882 - 838,1672 239,36 0 - 835,7482 1,037

4 0 0 - 609,165 - 609,1647 609,165

∑1

promena predata specificna obavljeni specificni obavljeni specificni

stanja kolicina toplote apsolutni rad tehnicki rad
i–j–k q i – j – k / [kJ/kg] W i – j – k / [kJ/kg] W i – j – k t / [kJ/kg]

1–2–3 979,4302 79,495 504,495

1–4–3 370,265 688,66 1113,6597

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1.1.2.

Gas : Azot ÷ A0 = 29,9 ; B0 = - 1,571 ≅ 10-3 ; C0 = 8,081 ≅ 10-6 ; D0 = - 2,873 ≅ 10-9

uslov V=idem ÷ T3 = 1700,34 K ; T2 = 323 K

C m, p = A0 + B0 ⋅ T + C0 ⋅ T 2 + D0 ⋅ T 3
T

( )
3
T3 1
C m, p = ⋅ ∫ A0 + B0 ⋅ T + C 0 ⋅ T 2 + D0 ⋅ T 3 dT =
T2 T3 − T2 T2

=
1
T3 − T2
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
⋅ A0 ⋅ T3 − T2 + B0 ⋅ T32 − T22 + C 0 ⋅ T33 − T23 + D0 ⋅ T34 − T24 =

= 7,26 ⋅ 10 − 4 ⋅ [41182,466 − 2189,052 + 13151,154 − 5221,677] = 34,066

C m , p = 34,066 J [
mol ⋅ K
]
Cp =
C m, p
M
=
34,066
28 ⋅ 10 −3
= 1,216 kJ [
mol ⋅ K
]
C v = C p − R N 2 = 1,216 − 0,297 = 0,919 kJ [mol ⋅ K
]
u 3 − u 2 = C v (T3 − T2 ) = 1265,77 ⎡kJ ⎤
⎢⎣ kg ⋅ K ⎥⎦

q 2−3 = (u 3 − u 2 ) − W2−3 = 1265,77 ⎡kJ ⎤

⎢⎣ kg ⋅ K ⎥⎦
q 2−3 = (h3 − h2 ) − W2−3 ⇒ W2−3 = (h3 − h2 ) − q 2−3 = C p ⋅ (T3 − T2 ) − q 2−3
t t

W2−3 = 409,075⎡kJ ⎤
t
⎢⎣ kg ⎥⎦

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Asistent : Ruzica Stipic list br. : 7