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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)

Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

EXERCISE 5-6
The net weight (oz) of a dry bleach product is to be monitored by 𝒙 and R control charts using a
sample size of n=5. Data for 20 preliminary sample as follows
a. Set up 𝒙 and R control charts using those data. Does the process exhibit statistical control?

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

Berdasarkan peta R dan peta xbar diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa semua data proses in control.

b. Estimate the process mean and standard deviation


process mean = CL xbar chart = 16.27
R 0.475
process standard deviation = σ = = = 0.2042
d2 2.326

c. Does fill weight seem to follow a normal distribution

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

d. If the specifications are at 16.2 ± 0.5, what conclusions would you draw about process
capability?
USL − LSL 16.7 − 15.7
Cp = = = 0.8161
6σ 6(0.2042)
Karena Cp = 0.8161 < 1, maka proses menghasilkan banyak produk yang tidak memenuhi
spesifikasi (cacat).

e. What fraction of containers produced by this process is likely to be below the lower
specification limit of 15.7 oz?
15.7 − 16.268
p = P x < 15.7 = Φ = Φ −2.78 = 0.0027
0.2042
Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas, maka diketahui bahwa fraksi produk yang dibawah
spesifikasi 15.7 oz sebesar 0.27% [2700 parts per million (ppm)] produk yang diproduksi

EXERCISE 5-12
The table shown presents 20 subgroups of five measurements on the critical dimension of a part
produced by a machining process.
a. Set up 𝒙 and R control charts on this process. Verify that the process is in statistical control.

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

Berdasarkan peta R dan peta xbar diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa semua data proses in control.

b. Following the establishment of control charts in part (a) above. 10 new samples were
collected. Plot the 𝒙 and R control values on the control chart you established in part (a) and
draw conclusions.

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

Akan diplot nilai R dan xbar pada bagian (b) ke peta kontrol xbar dan R pada bagian (a).
Dengan menggunakan UCL dan LCL R dan xbar pada bagian (a), maka dihasilkan peta kontrol
sebagai berikut:

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

Berdasarkan peta kontrol xbar dan R diatas, dapat diketahui bahwa penambahan sampel
yang dilakukan menunjukkan terdapatnya pengerjaan proses yang tidak sesuai dengan
spesifikasi proses yang diinginkan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan kesepuluh data sampel baru
yang semuanya out of control. Namun, belum dapat diketahui apakah data out of control ini
merupakan false alarm atau memang kesalahan proses produksi.

c. Suppose that the assignable cause responsible for the action signals generated in part (b)
has been identified and adjustments made to the process to correct its performance. Plot
the 𝒙 and R control values from the following new subgroups, which were taken following
the adjustment, against the control chart limits established in part (a). What are your
conclusions?

Akan diplot nilai R dan xbar pada bagian (c) ke peta kontrol xbar dan R pada bagian (a).
Dengan menggunakan UCL dan LCL R dan xbar pada bagian (a), maka dihasilkan peta kontrol
sebagai berikut:

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

Berdasarkan peta control xbar dan R diatas, dapat diketahui bahwa data out sampel baru
yang kesepuluhnya out of control pada bagian (b), merupakan kesalahan proses produksi
yang dilakukan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan peta control xbar pada bagian (c) dengan hanya
1 data saja yang out of control. Berarti terjadi perbaikan proses produksi yang dilakukan,
yang menyebabkan proses produksi yang tidak memenuhi spesifikasi menjadi berkurang
jumlahnya.

EXERCISE 5-22
Samples of n = 5 are taken from a process every hour. The 𝒙 and R control values for the particular
quality characteristic are determined. After 25 samples have been collected, we calculate 𝒙 = 20
and 𝑹 = 4.56.
a. What are the three sigma control limits for 𝒙 and 𝑹?
Untuk peta R:
CL = R
R 4.56
UCL = R + 3σ = R + 3d3 = 4.56 + 3 0.864 = 9.64
d2 2.326
R 4.56
LCL = R − 3σ = R − 3d3 = 4.56 − 3 0.864 = −0.5215
d2 2.326

Untul peta xbar


CL = x
3 3
UCL = x + R = 20 + 4.56 = 22.63
d2 n (2.326) 5
3 3
LCL = x − R = 20 − 4.56 = 17.37
d2 n (2.326) 5

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

b. Both charts exhibit control. Estimate the process standard deviation.


R 4.56
σ= = = 1.96
d2 2.326

c. Assume that the process output is normally distributed. If the specifications are 19 ± 5, what
are your conclusions regarding the process capability?
USL − LSL 24 − 14
Cp = = = 0.8501
6σ 6(1.96)
Karena Cp = 0.8501 < 1, maka proses menghasilkan banyak produk yang tidak memenuhi
spesifikasi (cacat).

d. If the process mean shifts to 24, what is the probability of not detecting this shift on the first
subsequent sample?
3 3
UCL = x + R = 24 + 4.56 = 26.63
d2 n (2.326) 5
3 3
LCL = x − R = 24 − 4.56 = 21.37
d2 n (2.326) 5
26.63 − 24 21.37 − 24
𝛽 = 𝑃 𝐿𝐶𝐿 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑈𝐶𝐿 = 𝛷 −𝛷 = 𝛷 1.34 − 𝛷 −1.34
1.96 1.96
= 0.9099 − 0.0901 = 0.8198
Maka, probabilitas tidak dapat dideteksinya perubahan pada subsequent sample untuk
pertama kalinya sebesar 0.8198

EXERCISE 5-44
Control charts for 𝒙 and 𝑺 have been maintained on a process and have exhibited statistical
control. The sample size is n = 6. The control chart parameters are follows:

a. Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the process.


process mean = CL xbar chart = 16.27
S 1.738
process standard deviation = σ = = = 1.83
c4 0.9515

b. Estimate the natural tolerance limits for the process.


Natural tolerance limit for process = three sigma above and below the mean
UCL = 708.2

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TI 3201 – Pengendalian dan Penjaminan Mutu Nadia Fadhilah Riza (13406069)
Tugas 5 Prilla Sista Lily Jane (13406080)

CL = 706
LCL = 703.8

c. Assume that the process output is well modeled by a normal distribution. Is specifications
are 703 and 709, estimate the fraction noncorming.
703 − 706 709 − 706
𝑝 = 𝑃 𝑥 < 703 + 𝑃 𝑥 > 709 = 𝛷 +1−𝛷
1.83 1.83
= 𝛷 −1.64 + 1 − 𝛷 1.64 = 0.0505 + 1 − 0.9505 = 0.1
Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas, maka diketahui bahwa fraksi produk yang tidak memenuhi
spesifikasi sebesar 0.1% [100000 parts per million (ppm)]

d. Suppose the process mean shifts to 702 while the standard deviation remains constant.
What is the probability of an out-of-control signal occurring on the first sample following the
shifts?
UCL = x + A3 S = 702 + 1.266 1.738 = 704.2
LCL = x − A3 S = 702 − 1.266 1.738 = 699.8
704.2 − 702 699.8 − 702
𝛽 = 𝑃 𝐿𝐶𝐿 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑈𝐶𝐿 = 𝛷 −𝛷 = 𝛷 1.20 − 𝛷 −1.20
1.83 1.83
= 0.8849 − 0.1357 = 0.7492
Maka, probabilitas tidak dapat dideteksinya perubahan pada subsequent sample untuk
pertama kalinya sebesar 0.7492

e. For the shift in part (d), what is the probability of detecting the shift by at least the third
subsequent sample?
β2 1 − β = 0.7492 2 1 − 0.7492 = 0.14
Maka, probabilitas tidak dapat dideteksinya perubahan pada subsequent sample untuk
ketiga kalinya sebesar 0.14

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