Gó«°U

Sidon
Archaeological Promenade
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Sidon
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Sidon, on the coast 45 kilometers south of Beirut, is one É¡bôW ÖfGƒL ≈∏Y ô°ûàæJ ɪ«a ,≈£°SƒdG ¿hô≤dG èjQÉH ≥Ñ©J ∫GõJ ɪa ,áªjó≤dG
of the famous names in ancient history. Of all of Lebanon’s .äÉjƒ∏ëdGh ™FÉ°†ÑdG ´GƒfG ™«ªL É¡«a ¢SqóµàJ »àdG áãjóëdG ∫ÉëªdG á«q °ù«FôdG
cities, this is the most mysterious, for its past has been
tragically scattered and plundered. In the 19th century,
treasure hunters and amateur archaeologists made off with
many of its most beautiful and important objects, some of
which can now be seen in foreign museums.
In this century too, ancient objects from Sidon (Saidoon is
the Phoenician name, Saida in Arabic) have turned up on
the world’s antiquities markets. Other traces of its history
lie beneath the concrete of modern constructions, perhaps
buried forever. The challenge for today’s visitor to Sidon is
to recapture a sense of this city’s ancient glory from the
intriguing elements that still survive.
The largest city in south Lebanon, Sidon is a busy
commercial center with the pleasant, conservative
atmosphere of a small town. Since Persian times Sidon
was known as the city of gardens, and even today it is
surrounded by citrus and banana plantations.

A Long and Glorious History

There is evidence that Sidon was inhabited as long ago as

4000 B.C., and perhaps as early as Neolithic times (6000-
4000 B.C.). The ancient city was built on a promontory facing
an island, which sheltered its fleet from storms and served as a
refuge during military incursions from the interior. In its wealth,
commercial initiative, and religious significance, Sidon is said to
have surpassed all other Phoenician city states.
Sidon’s Phoenician period began in the l2th-lOth centuries B.C.
and reached its height during the Persian Empire (555 - 333
B.C.). The city provided Persia, a great land power, with the
ships and sea men to fight the Egyptians and Greeks, a role
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Phoenician era, was conducted on a vast scale, and the produc- ájõédG øe ºZôdG ≈∏Y √QÉgORG ≈∏Y »≤H ób ,ô°üe ™e ájQÉéàdG É¡JÉbÓY ɪ«q °S ’h
tion of purple dye was almost as important. The small shell of .ájq Qƒ°T’G ¢Uƒ°üædG ∂dòH Éfó«ØJ ɪc ,…Qƒ°T’G •ÓÑ∏d É¡©aO É¡∏gG ≈∏Y ¿Éc »àdG
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Like other Phoenician city states, Sidon suffered from a ≈∏©a .ÖFÉ°üªdÉH É¡d ÖÑ°ùJ ΩÉj’G ∂∏J »a Gó«°U ¬à¨∏H …òdG »bôdG
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succession of conquerors. At the end of the Persian era in ∂∏ªdG ô°UÉM ,»°SQÉØdG ºcÉëdG ô°üb ô«eóJ É¡æY ºéf ,¢SôØdG óq °V IQƒK ôKG
351 B.C., unable to resist the superior forces of the emperor Ék ØdG ¿ƒ©HQG »dGƒM ∂∏¡a ,É¡bôMG ºKq .Ω.¥ 351 ΩÉY áæjóªdG zådÉãdG Éà°û°ûëJQG{
Artaxerxes III, the desperate Sidonians locked their gates and ÉgAÉL ¿G ɪa ,øgƒdG ÉgGôàYG óbh áæëªdG ∂∏J øe Gó«°U âLôNh .É¡∏gG øe
set fire to their city rather than submit to the invader. More .É¡HGƒHG ¬d âëàa ≈àM .Ω.¥ 333 ΩÉY zô«ÑµdGQóæµ°S’G{
than 40,000 died in the conflagration. After this disaster the
city was too weak to oppose the triumphal march of Alexander
the Great in 333 B.C. It sued for peace and the Hellenistic age
of Sidon began.
Under the successors of Alexander, Sidon, the “holy city” of
Phoenicia, enjoyed relative freedom and organized games
and competitions in which the greatest athletes of the region
participated.
When Sidon, like the other cities of Phoenicia, fell under Roman
domination, it continued to mint its own silver coins. The Romans
also built a theater and other major monuments in the city.
During the Byzantine period when the great earthquake of 551
A.D. destroyed most of the cities of Phoenicia, Beirut’s School of
Law took refuge in Sidon. The town continued quietly for the next
century, until it was conquered by the Muslims in 636 A.D.
In 1111, Sidon was besieged and stormed by the Crusader
Baldwin, who was soon to become King of Jerusalem. Under
Frankish rule, the city became the chief town of the Seigniory
of Sagette and the second of the four baronies of the Kingdom
of Jerusalem.
Sidon surrendered to Saladin in 1187, but it was re-occupied
for a hundred years when the Crusader Templars recaptured it
briefly. They abandoned it for good in 1291, after the fall of Acre
to the Mamluke forces.
In the 15th century, Sidon was one of the ports of Damascus,
and it flourished once more during the 17th century when it
was rebuilt by Fakhr ed-Dine II, then ruler of Lebanon. Under his
protection and encouragement, French merchants set up profit-
able business enterprises in Sidon for trade between France
and Syria. By the beginning of the 19th century, however, Sidon
was relatively obscure and remained so until the mid-2Oth
century, when it developed into an important commercial and
agricultural center.
Archaeological Excavations
Early French excavations led by Ernest Renan in the late 19th
century uncovered the large necropolis of Magharat Abloun
outside the city. The royal necropoli at nearby Ayaa and Am el
Helwe were found shortly thereafter.
In 1937, Middle Bronze Age tombs were opened in several
mountain villages overlooking Sidon, and at this time a number of
archaeological surveys were conducted in and around the city.
Sidon Today
The entrance to Sidon from the north is on a wide divided
highway lined with palm trees. As you approach, the landmark
Crusader Sea Castle and modern port installations are
immediately visible. The busy main street is full of small shops
of every kind, including patisseries, whose oriental delicacies
are stacked in little pyramids.
Sidon is famous for a variety of local sweets which you can
watch being made in the old souk or in shops on the main
street. The particular specialty of Sidon is known as “seni-
oura,” a delicious crumbly cookie.
A growing city with a modern seaport, Sidon is the South’s
commercial and financial center. In prewar days, it was a
terminal and a refinery for Tapline, and now its huge storage
tanks are used for the import and local distribution of fuel. The
commercial port, the third largest in Lebanon, accommodates
small freighters. Sidon is also the seat of government for South
Lebanon.
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General Map of Sidon
áeÉ©dG Gó«°U á£jôN

15
Al Mutran
Street
1a
13
Parking
M

d Street
1 14

Souk el
16

Hammam al Jadi
Bazerke
17

t
r Stree
American Church Street
3
12
11

Street

Al Ansa
Sahat
Bab
el Saray

El Msallabieh
2 6
18
Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
Jalal el Dine Street
5

Al Makhfar Street
10

7 Dahr el Mir Street 9

Hammam el Ward Street

10 m 50 m 100 m
Accessible Structures
 Visiting The City
áªjó≤dG Gó«°U á«æHG ¢†©H
The old section of modern Sidon developed at the end of the
Crusader period. Here the visitor will enjoy wandering along
the sea front to the Crusader Sea Castle and looking around
the old souks, khans (caravansaries) and other medieval
remnants.
Accessible Structures
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äÉaÉ°V’G Iô°VÉëdG á©∏≤dG ádÉM ô¡¶oJh .»Ñ«∏°üdG ô°ü©dG â≤Ñ°S äGôàa ≈dG
-1)»Hô¨dG êôÑdG É¡æe ɪ«q °S ’h ,∂«dɪªdG ô°üY »a É¡«∏Y äCGôW »àdG äɪ«eôàdGh
á©∏≤dG á°ù«æc ÉjÉ≤H øe áHô≤e ≈∏Y ™≤j …òdG (h-1) ô«¨°üdG óé°ùªdG ÉeG .(`g
áæ°ùdG »gh ,1840 áæ°S ó«©Ho º«bG óbh ,»fɪã©dG ó¡©dG ≈dG Oƒ©«a ,(R-1) á«q Ñ«∏°üdG
.á«fÉ£jôÑdG ájq ôëÑdG πÑb øe ∞°ü≤∏d á©∏≤dG É¡«a â°Vôq ©J »àdG

15

1- The Sea Castle

1a
Parking
The Sea Castle is a fortress built by the Crusaders in the 1

Souk e
early 13th century on a small island connected to the 16
mainland by a causeway (1a). A climb to the top leads to the

l Bazerk
roof where there is a good view of the port and the old part of
the city.

en
Today the castle consists primarily of two towers connected
by a wall. In the outer walls Roman columns were used as
horizontal reinforcements, a feature often seen in fortifications
built on or near former Roman sites. The west tower (1e) is
the better preserved of the two.
Old prints of the fortress show it to be one of great beauty,
but little remains of the embellishments that once decorated
its ramparts. After the fall of Acre to the Mamlukes, all the
sea castles were destroyed to prevent the Crusaders from re-
establishing footholds on the coast.
 15
Al Mutran
Street
1a
13
Parking
M

id Street
1 14

Souk e
16

2- Khan el-Franj

Hammam al Jad
lB
èfôØdG ¿ÉN-2

azerke
The Khan el-Franj is one IqóY øe óMGh ƒgh

n
of the many khans or car- ô«e’G É¡eÉbG äÉfÉN

American Church Street

avansaries built by Fakhr 3
»æ©ªdG øjódG ôîa
ed-Dine II for merchants äÉjGóH »a »fÉãdG12
11

eh Street
Sahat
and goods. This is a Bab ô°ûY ™HÉ°ùdG ¿ô≤dG
typical khan, with a large el Saray QÉéàdG
q ∫ÉÑ≤à°S’

El Msallabi
rectangular courtyard 2 6 óªà©jh .™FÉ°†ÑdGh
and a central fountain
Sheikh Abdallah Street
§«£îàdG ¬ª«ª°üJ
4
surrounded by covered Gòg πãªd ΩÉ©dG
galleries. The center of 5
.äBÉ°ûæªdG øe ´ƒædG Jala
economic activity for the AÉæa øe ∞dq CÉàj ƒ¡a

Al Makhfar Street
city in the 19th century, π«£à°ùe »∏NGO
the khan also housed the .A’õæ∏d …ƒ∏©dGh ÜGhódGh ™FÉ°†Ñ∏d »°VQ’G ,¿É≤HÉW ¬H §«ëjh ,√É«e ¢VƒM ¬£°Sƒàj q
French consulate. Today ºKq ,ô°ûY ™°SÉàdG ¿ô≤dG ≈àM Gó«°U »a …QÉéàdG •É°ûædG õcôe ¿ÉîdG Gòg ¿Éc óbh
it is being renovated to ,¿Éµ°ù«°ùfôØdG AÉHBÓd ôq ≤e ≈dG óo ©H øeh ,áæjóªdG »a É°ùfôa π°üæ≤d ôq ≤e ≈dG ∫ƒq ëJ7 Dahr e
serve as Sidon’s cultural 15 ≈ë°VG ó≤a Ωƒ«dG ÉeG .zQƒ¡¶dG ∞°Sƒj QÉe{ äÉÑgGQ
Al Mut á«q ©ªL √ôjóJ äÉæÑ∏d ºà«e ≈dEÉa
center. .»HƒæédG ¿ÉæÑd ᪰UÉY »a »°ùfôØdG ran Street
»aÉ≤ãdG õcôª∏d Gk ôq ≤e ¬ª«eôJ
Hammam ó©H
el Ward Street
1a
13
Parking

3- Bab el Saray Mosque

M

id Street
1 14
…Gô°ùdG ÜÉH ™eÉL -3 8
Souk e

16

Hammam al Jad
l

Bab el Saray Mosque .…Gô°ùdG ÜÉH ™eÉL

Bazerk

is located at the á¡édG »a ™≤j ƒgh

á«bô°ûdG á«HƒæédG
en

southwest of the court-

yard. Sheikh Abu el √ÉæH ,áMÉ°ùdG øe

American Church Street

Yaman Bin Abi Issac 15 3
Al Mutran
Street
øª«dG ƒHG ï«°ûdG
Bin Ibrahim built the 12 ≥ë°SG »HG øH
11

eh Street
Sahat
1a mosque in 1201 A.D. It
Parking Bab 13 áæ°S º«gGôHG øH
is considered to be the el Saray
M óq ©j ∂dòd .Ω 1201

El Msallabi
id Street

1 oldest mosque in Sidon, 14 2 6 óLÉ°ùe ΩóbG øe

ádƒªëe ¬àÑb ,Gó«°U
Souk e

with its dome16supported

Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
by great pillars. .áªî°V Oƒ≤Y ≈∏Y
Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk

Jalal el Dine Stre

10 m 50 m 100 m 5

Al Makhfar Street
4- Abou Nakhleh Mosque
en

á∏îf ƒHG ™eÉL -4

American Church Street

Abou Nakhleh Mosque 12

,óé°ùªdGDahrGòghel Mir Street
11

eh Street
Sahat
was first built as a Sufi Bab ¿Éc7,¢SÉ°S’G »a
el Saray
shrine. Its short minaret ´ÉÑJ’
Hammam el Ward á«aƒ°U ájhGR
Street
.ájó«Ñ©dG á≤jô£dG El Msallabi
is built according to the 2 6
Moroccan architectural Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
áfòÄe óé°ùªdG ƒ∏©J
style. ¬Ñ°ûJ ´ÉØJQ’G á∏«∏b
Jalal el Dine8 Street
5 »a ó«©H óM ≈dG
¿PBɪdG É¡à°Sóæg 10
Al Makhfar Street

.á«Hô¨ªdG

7 Dahr el Mir Street 9

Hammam el Ward Street

 M

id Street
14

Souk e
16

Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk
17

en
5- El Kikhia Mosque. ɫdG ™eÉL -5

American Church Street

3
12
11

eh Street
It was constructed by Sahat
Bab
Góîàc √ÉæH
Katakhda Moustafa in el Saray áæ°S πÑb ≈Ø£°üe
1624 A.D., and is dis- ƒ∏©H RÉàªj .Ω1624

El Msallabi
2 6
tinguished by its high √RɵJQGh ,¬Ø≤°S
ceiling which rests onAbdallah
Sheikh a Street 4 øe π«∏b OóY ≈∏Y
small number of pillars. Jalal el Dine Street øe √ôÑæe ,IóªY’G
Its minbar is sculpted 5 ,¢†«H’G ΩÉNôdG

Al Makhfar Street
10¬æë°U ÖfGƒL ≈∏Yh
15
in white marble, and Al Mutran
Street
on the sides of its É¡eóîà°SG ±ôZ
1a
Parking central courtyard there 13 áÑ∏Wh ¢ûjhGQódG
are rooms which were M »a ,øµ°ù∏d º∏©dG

id Street
used as dormitories
14 by 7 Dahr el Mir Street øë°üdG
9 §°Sh
.AÉe π«Ñ°S ¬∏Nóe ≈∏Yh ,ácôH
Souk e

the “Darweeshes” (Fakirs) and scholars.

16 In the center of the
Hammam el Ward Street
courtyard there is an ornamented pool; there is also a drink-

Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk

ing fountain at the entrance.

17
en

6- Hammam el-
Sheikh

American Church Street

3
12
ï«°ûdG ΩɪM -6
11

eh Street
Sahat
15 Bab ™eÉL øe Öjô≤dG
el Saray Al M
The traveler Abdul utran Street √ôcP ,ɫdG

El Msallabi
1a
Ghinie En-nabulsi 2 6 »æ¨dG óÑY ádÉMôdG
Parking mentioned Hammam el-
Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
13 óæY »°ù∏HÉædG
Sheikh when he visited M Gó«°üd ¬JQÉjR
id Street

Jalal el Dine Street

Saida in the14
17th cen- 5 ™HÉ°ùdG ¿ô≤dÉH
Souk e

16
tury. It is close to the …QÉf ¬WÓH ,ô°ûY
Al Makhfar Street
Hammam al Jad

10
Kikhia Mosque (5), and .á≤ªq æe ¬°ùWɨeh
l
Bazerk

its tiles and baths are

beautifully ornamented. 17
en

10 m 50 m 100 m Dahr el Mir Street 9

7
American Church Street

3
Hammam12
el Ward Street

7- Hammam al-Ward
11 eh Street
Sahat
Bab OQƒdG ΩɪM -7
el Saray
El Msallabi

2 6 8
The Hammoud family ™eÉédG øe Üô≤dÉH
constructed
Sheikhthis bath
Abdallah Street 4 ∫BG √ÉæH ,ô«ÑµdG
in 1730 A.D. It was Jalal el Dine Street .Ω1730 áæ°S OƒªM
built according to an 5 ¬aQÉNõH RÉàªj
.á©°SGƒdG ¬àYÉbh
Al Makhfar Street

Ottoman-Italian archi- 10
tectural style, and it
is distinguished by its
beautiful adornment
and wide hall. 7 Dahr el Mir Street 9

Hammam el Ward Street

10 m 50 m 100 m 8
 Sahat

American Chur

eh Str
Bab
el Saray

El Msallabi
2 6

Sheikh Abdallah Street 4

Jalal el Dine Street

8- The Great Mosque

5

Al Makhfar Street
10
ô«ÑµdG …ôª©dG ™eÉédG -8
South of the souk on ™eÉédG Gòg Ωƒ≤j
the way to the Castle of 7
≈dG ÅWÉ°ûdG Üôb
Dahr el Mir Street 9
15
St. Louis is the Great øe »Hô¨dG ܃æédG
Mosque, formerly the Al Mutran
Street Hammam el Ward Street .áªjó≤dG ¥Gƒ°S’G
Church of St. John of á«æHo øe ∞dq CÉàjh
Parking the Hospitalers. The 13 á©HQG äGP á∏«£à°ùe
four walls of this rectan- M É¡ªYóJh ,äGRÉée

id Street
8
14 gular building (recently äÉeÉYO êQÉîdG øe
Souk e

16 restored to their natural ¿Éc GPEGh .áæ«àe

¬«∏Y ±QÉ©àªdG øe

Hammam al Jad
beauty) date to the
l

AÉæÑdG ¿G Ék jq ó«∏≤J
Bazerk

13th century. Originally

a fortress-like Crusader 17 ≈°†e Ée »a ¿Éc
en

compound with its own ≈∏Y ∫ój q »fGôª©dG AÉæÑdG ™bGh ¿EÉa ,™eÉL ≈dG ∂«dɪªdG ΩÉjG »a É¡∏jƒëJ ºJq á°ù«æc
chapel, it is still 3an ájq QÉàÑ°S’G ¿É°Sôa √ÉæH …òdG Éæq Mƒj ¢ùjó≤dG ¿Éà°SQɪ«H äÉYÉb øe áYÉb ¿Éc ¬fG

et
American Church Street

ar Stre
imposing structure, á«q Ñ«∏°üdG ≈æÑo dG øe èjõe »¡a Iô°VÉëdG ¬àdÉM ÉeG .ô°ûY ådÉãdG ¿ô≤dG ¿ƒ°†Z »a
especially viewed
Sahat from ôKG12≈∏Yh 11,1820 áæ°S ó«©Ho ¬«∏Y äCGôW »àdG äÉMÓ°U’G ≈dG áaÉ°VEG ,á«q cƒ∏ªªdGh

eh Street

Al Ans
the sea side. Bab
el Saray
¢VƒM …ƒàëj …òdG »dɪ°ûdG AõédG ô¡¶jo h .AÉLƒg áØ°UÉY ¬H ¬à≤ëdG …òdG QÉeódG
.¬«a â∏ª©oà°SG »àdG áªjó≤dG á«FÉæÑdG ô°UÉæ©dG ¢†©H Aƒ°VƒdG

El Msallabi
2 6
18
Sheikh Abdallah Street

9- Emir Fakhr ed-Dine Palace

4
10 m 50 m 100 m Jalal el Dine Street
5 Al Makhfar Street øjódG ôîa ô«e’G ô°üb -9
10
Emir Fakhr ed-Dine built äÉYÉb º°†j ¿Éch
this two-story palace in ±ôZh á©°SGh
the 17th century A.D. ∞dDƒe ƒgh IójóY
Parts of the first floor 7 Dahr el Mir Street 9 ≥HÉ£dG .ø«≤HÉW øe
are still preserved. âdGR Éeh »°VQ’G
The upper floor was Hammam el Ward Street AGõL’G ¢†©H
destroyed by a bom- ∑Éægh ,¬«a IOƒLƒe
bardment during the .¬ª«eôàd ´hô°ûe
1980s. 8
∫h’G ≥HÉ£dG ÉeG
»a Ωó¡J ó≤a
.äÉæ«fɪãdG

m 100 m
 Bazerk

Hammam al
17

en

t e
American Church Street
3

ar Stre
12
11

eh Street
10- St. Elias Maronite Church
Sahat

Al Ans
Bab
el Saray
áfQGƒª∏d ¢SÉ«dG QÉe á°ù«æc -10

El Msallabi
2 6
18
In 1616 A.D., Assaf Abu Taleh boughtSheikh
thisAbdallah
building from the4
Street ≈æѪdG Gòg ∫ƒëJ
Arqaoui family and transformed it from a soap factory to a Jalal el Dine Street
≈dG áæÑ°üe øe
church. St. Elias Church is the oldest church in Sidon. 5 ΩÉ©dG »a á°ù«æc
¿G ó©H .Ω 1616

Al Makhfar Street
10
±É°ùY √Gôà°TG
∫BG øe ™dÉW ƒHG
ôÑà©Jh .…hÉbô©dG
7 Dahr el Mir Street 9 ¢SÉ«dG QÉe á°ù«æc
15
Al Mutran ¢ùFÉæµdG ΩóbG øe
Street el Ward Street
Hammam .Gó«°U »a
13
Parking
M

id Street
14

11- Batah
8
Souk e

16

Mosque
ìÉ£H ™eÉL -11
Hammam al Jad
l
Bazerk

RÉàªj.áªjó≤dG Gó«°U ¥Gƒ°SG øe ¬Hôb ÖÑ°ùH ¥ƒ°ùdG ™eÉL º°SÉH Ék °†jG

17 ±ôY óbh
ᣫ°ùÑdG ¬à°Sóæ¡H
en

This mosque is also

called el-Souk Mosque, á∏«∏≤dG ¬àfòÄeh

et
American Church Street
because of its situa- 3 ≈∏Y Ö∏Zh .´ÉØJQ’G

ar Stre
tion in the old souks of 12
11 ìÉ£H º°SG óé°ùªdG

eh Street
Sahat

Al Ans
Sidon. Characterized Bab by óªëe ï«°ûdG ¿’
its simple architecture el Saray »a ¿ƒaóe ìÉ£H

El Msallabi
and low2 minaret, this 6 á≤°UÓªdG áaô¨dG
mosque was called
Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
.óé°ùª∏d 18

Batah because Sheikh

Mohammad Batah is Jalal el Dine Street
0m 100 m 5
buried in a room abut-
Al Makhfar Street

ting15the mosque. 10
Al Mutran
Street
1a

12- Hammam el-Sabeh Banat

13
Parking
7
M Dahr el Mir Street 9
äÉæH ™Ñ°ùdG ΩɪM -12
id Street

14
Souk e

16 Hammam el Ward Street

Also known as ÉeG .Gó«°U áæjóe »a »Ñ©°ûdG ΩɪëdG ƒgh ,¥ƒ°ùdG ΩɪM º°SÉH Ék °†jG ±ôY óbh
Hammam al Jad

ΩɪM{`H ¬à«ª°ùJ
l Bazerk

Hammam el-Souk, the

Hammam-el-Sabeh iõ©«a zäÉæH ™Ñ°ùdG 17
8 ô«HÉæ°U ™Ñ°S OƒLƒd
en

Banat is the public bath

of Sidon. It was called ¬∏NGO »a √É«ª∏d
ÖÑ°S ¿G ∫É≤j{ h
American Church Street

Hammam-el-Sabeh 3
Banat (“the bath of the 12
11 ™Ñ°S º°SÉH ¬à«ª°ùJ
eh Street

seven girls”) because Sahat

Bab OÉ≤àYG ƒg äÉ«æH
of a popular legend say- el Saray OƒLƒH ¢SÉædG áeÉY
qøµ°ùj äÉ«æL ™Ñ°S
El Msallabi

ing that seven nymphs2 6

live in its seven water .zΩɪëdG ∂dP
springs. It isSheikh
nowAbdallah
trans- Street 4 ΩɪëdG πª©à°ùj
formed into a bakery
5
Jalal el Dine Street õÑîd ¿ôØc Ωƒ«dG
for traditional Lebanese .…ó∏ÑdG ∂©µdG
Al Makhfar Street

Ka’aki (Bagel). 10

50 m 100 m
7 Dahr el Mir Street 9
 13- The Audi Soap Factory IOƒY áæÑ°üe -13
15
The soap factory was Al Mutran OƒªM ∫BG ÉgÉæH
built by the Hammoud Street ¿ô≤dG §°SGhCG »a
1a family in the middle of 13 »gh ô°ûY ™HÉ°ùdG
Parking the 17th century and áKÓK øe ∞dq CÉàJ
M
π¨°ûj .äÉjƒà°ùe

id Street
1
then bought by the Audi14
Family in the late 19th Gk AõL¿ƒHÉ°üdGπª©e

Souk e
16
century. It has three »°VQC’G ≥HÉ£dG øe

Hammam al Jad
"QƒæàdG"å«M

l Bazerk
levels, and the soap
factory occupies part Ö°üd "§°ùѪdG"h 17
¿ƒHÉ°üdGπFÉ°S
en
of the ground level with
its “Tannour” (soap fur- OÉYCG óbh .¬Ø«Øîàd

American Church Street

nace) and the “Mabsat” 3
É¡∏«gCÉJ IOƒY ∫BG
q "Ωɪq M" ∂«JƒHh ,≈¡≤eh ,á«aôëdG
º°†J 11 Ódh ¿ƒHÉ°ü∏d Ék Øëàe º°†Jh
∫ɨ°TC q ,Gk ôNDƒe
for molding the soap 12

eh Street
liquid and drying it. The Sahat
Bab ±ô©Jh ,ºjó≤dG IOƒY ∫BG øµ°ùeh ,Ωɪq ëdÉH á≤∏q ©àªdG äÉéàæªdG øe á©°SGh áYƒªée
old soap factory was el Saray ."IOƒY IQÉM" º°SÉH É¡©«ªL

El Msallabi
recently transformed 2 6
by Audi foundation
Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
into a thematic soap
museum. The “Audi Jalal el Dine Street
5
Quarter” comprises the

Al Makhfar Street
old Audi’s dwelling, a 10

soap museum, coffee

shop, and the boutique
“Hammam” for toilet-
7 Dahr el Mir Street 9
ries and artifacts.
Hammam el Ward Street

14- Saint Nicholas Church

This Greek- ’ƒ≤f ¢ùjó≤dG á°ù«æc - 14

Orthodox church
was constructed É¡ëHòeh Oƒ≤©e É¡Ø≤°Sh .Ω 1690 áæ°S á«q æѪdG ¢ùcPƒKQ’G ΩhôdG á°ù«æc »gh
in 1690 A.D. Its º¡°Sƒ≤W ¿ƒª«≤j ¢ùcPƒKQh’G ΩhôdG ∫Gõj ’h ,áæ«àe É¡JQɪYh ,RGô£dG »£fõ«H
15
altar is built in the Al Mutran ÉeG ,É¡«a á«æjódG
Street
Byzantine style,
1a
ôN’G ∞°üædG
and it is com-
Parking Ωhô∏d13¢ü°üîªdG
pletely vaulted and ƒ¡aM ∂«dƒKɵdG
id Street

1 quite beautiful. 14 .≥∏¨e

Souk e

Today the Greek- 16

10 m 50 m 100 m
Hammam al Jad

Orthodox commu-
l Bazerk

nity still celebrate

their ceremonies
en

in the church. The

Catholic section
merican Church Street

3
of the church is 12
11
closed. Sahat
Bab
el Saray
2 6
salla
15- The Debbaneh Palace áfÉHO ô°üb -15
ôNBG »a ºFÉ≤dG
15 √ÉæH ,áZÉ°üdG ¥ƒ°SAl M
áæ°S »a OƒªM ∫BG utran Stree
1a ¬µ∏àeGh .Ω 1730 1
Parking 1765 áæ°S ¬fÉHO ∫BG
çÓK øe ∞dCÉàj .Ω

id Street
1 14
»a Ωƒ≤J äÉ≤ÑW

Souk e
16
¬æe á«fÉãdG á≤Ñ£dG

Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk
≈∏Y π£J äÉaô°T
»∏NGódG AÉæØdG
¬fGQóL øjq õJh

en
•ƒ£îdGh ¢Tƒ≤ædG
.Iô«¨°U ≥jóM ¬H ≥ë∏eh ,ó«eô≤dÉH ƒ°ùµe ¬ë£°Sh ¿ƒq ∏e √òaGƒf êÉLRh
3
,á∏«ªédG
Sahat
Bab
In 1730 A.D., the el Saray
Hammoud family built 2 6
the Debbaneh Palace,
Sheikh Abdallah Street 4
which lies at the end
of the jewelry market. 5
Later, in 1765 A.D., the
Debbaneh family bought
it. The three-story pal-

Al Makhfa
ace is annexed by a
small garden. The sec-
ond floor has balconies,
which overlook the patio. The ceiling is made of painted and Ham
carved wood. The floor is tiled with polychrome marble with
geometrical designs. The windows are made of tinted glass,
and the roof is covered with bricks.

16- Khan
el-Ruz
RôdG ¿ÉN -16
15
Al Mutran
Iô¨°üe IQƒ°U ƒgh Str
The Khan el-Ruz has 1a øY RGô£dGh πµ°ûdÉH
the same architecture Parking ƒgh ,èfôa’G ¿ÉN
ó¡Y á«æHG øe Ék °†jG

id Street
as Khan1 el-Franj (2), but 14
on a smaller scale. It øjódG ôîa ô«e’G
Souk e

16
was built by Emir Fakhr .»fÉãdG »æ©ªdG
Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk

ed-Dine II. This khan

10 m 50 m 100 m
Ωóîà°SG óbh
received travelers pass- øjôaÉ°ùª∏d ihCÉe
Rô∏d Ék YOƒà°ùeh
en

ing by Sidon and was

also used to store rice øe OQƒà°ùªdG
imported from Egypt. 3
.ô°üe
Sahat
Bab
el Saray
2 6

Sheikh Abdallah Street 4

 17- Qalaat El Muizz or
Castle of St. Louis
ôÑdG á©∏b -17
∂∏e z™°SÉàdG ¢ùjƒd{ ƒgh z¢ùjƒd ¢ùjó≤dG á©∏b{ º°SG Ék °†jG á©∏≤dG √òg ≈∏Y ≥∏£jo h
OóY º«eôàH ôeCGh ,(1254-1248) á©HÉ°ùdG á«q Ñ«∏°üdG á∏ªëdG OÉb …òdG áéfôØdG
πq àdG áªq b á©∏≤dG √òg πq àëJh .Gó«°U á©∏b ,É¡æ«H øeh ,É¡æ«°üëJh ´Ó≤dG øe ô«Ñc
ÉjÉ≤H ¬aƒL »a ¿õàîjh á«q HƒæédG É¡à«MÉf øe áæjóªdG ≈∏Y ±ô°ûjo …òdG ºjó≤dG
á©∏b ¢VÉ≤fG ≈∏Y ™bƒªdG Gòg »a á©∏≤dG ⪫bG óbh .áÑbÉ©àªdG É¡îjQÉJ πMGôe
-952) õq ©ªdG áØ«∏îdG ≈dG Ö°ùæoJh ,»ªWÉØdG ô°ü©dG ≈dG Oƒ©J Gk ó¡Y ΩóbG iôNG
ÖÑ°ùH ,»Ñ«∏°üdG AÉæÑdG QÉKBG øe ô«ãµdG É¡«a n≥Ñj ºdh ,áHôN Ωƒ«dG á©∏≤dGh .(975
É¡«a πª©à°ùJ âfÉc »àdGh á≤MÓdG äGôàØdG »a É¡«∏Y äCGôW »àdG º«eôàdG ∫ɪYG
15
Al Mutran √òg øe ôÑc’G AõédG ¿G hóÑjh .™£≤dG áÄjOôdGh ºéëdG Iô«¨°üdG IQÉéëdG
Street ¿ô≤dG øe ∫h’G ™HôdG »a ,»fÉãdG »æ©ªdG øjódG ôîa ΩÉjG ≈dG Oƒ©j äɪ«eôàdG
13 Gòg IAÉæëfG §°Sh »ah ,¢Sƒ≤dG IQƒ°U ¬Ñ°û«o a ,á©∏≤dG §£îe ÉeG .ô°ûY ™HÉ°ùdG
M
êôÑdG Ωƒ≤j ¢Sƒ≤dG
≈∏Y ô°ûàæJh .ô«ÑµdG
eet

14
id Str

…ôK’G πàdG ìƒØ°S

Souk e

16
The Castle of St. Louis was erected on the site of a Fatimid ≈dG Oƒ©J IóªYG
Hammam al Jad
l Bazerk

fortress during the Crusade led by French King Louis IX, .»fÉehôdG ô°ü©dG
popularly known as St. Louis. 17
en

Built in the mid-l3th century, the present state of the castle

15 makes it easy to observe various stages of the restoration

et
American Church Street

Al Mut3ran
carried out in the Maan era, particularly work Stredone in the 17th

ar Stre
et
century by Emir Fakhr Eddine II. At the foot of the hill are a 12
11

eh Street
13
dozen or so Roman columns scatteredSahat

Al Ans
Babon the ground covered
with bricks. el Saray M
eet

14 El Msallabi
id Str

2 6
Souk e

18

18- Murex Hill

Hammam al Jad

Sheikh Abdallah Street 4

l Bazerk

Jalal el Dine Street ≥jôªdG á∏J -18

5 17
en

Al Makhfar Street

To the south of the Castle (17) is a mound of debris called 10 á∏q àdG √òg ™≤J
øe ܃æédG ≈dG

et
Murex Hill. This artificial hill3 (100 meters long and 50 meters
American Church Street

ar Stre
high) was formed by the accumulation of refuse from the12 11
»gh .ájôq ÑdG á©∏≤dG
eh Street

purple dye factories of Phoenician

Sahat times. Mosaic tiling found ™ØJôe øY IQÉÑY

Al Ans
Bab 7 Dahr el Mir Street 9
at the top of the moundelsuggests
Saray that Roman buildings π°üj »YÉ棰UG
were erected 2 there. The hill today is covered 6by houses and 100 ƒëf ≈dG ¬dƒW
El Msallabi

Hammam el Ward Street

buildings as well as a cemetery. 18 ≈dG ¬YÉØJQGh ôàe
BrokenSheikh Abdallah
murex Streetcan still4be seen on the lower part of the
shells óbh ,Ω 50 ƒëf
hill, but because of extensive construction, it is increasingly Jalal el Dine Street AGôq L øe ¿ƒq µJ
inaccessible to the public. 5 8 ±Gó°UG ÉjÉ≤H ºcGôJ
Al Makhfar Street

10 ´ƒf ƒgh ,≥jsôªo dG

¿Éc QÉëªdG øe
¢†©H ≈∏Y Qƒã©dG ∫ÓN øeh .»≤«æ«ØdG ô°ü©dG »a »fGƒLQ’G ÆÉÑ°üdG ¬æe êôîà°ùjo
á≤£æe ≈dG »fÉehôdG ô°ü©dG »a âdƒq ëJ á∏q àdG ¿G hóÑj É¡àªq b ≈∏Y AÉ°ùØ«°ùØdG ÉjÉ≤H
7 Dahr el Mir Street 9 .øaGóªdGh øcÉ°ùªdG Ωƒ«dG ÉgAÉëfG »£¨Jh .á«q æµ°S
Hammam el Ward Street

Most of the text is taken from:

8
: øe ¢Uƒ°üædG º¶©e äòNCG
● The pamphlet “Sidon,” text: Elian Larwood, Marilyn Raschka,
Dr. Hassan Salamé-Sarkis, © The Ministry of Tourism.
.áMÉ«°ùdG IQGRh äGQƒ°ûæe ,¢ù«cô°S áeÓ°S ¿É°ùMq QƒàcódG ¢üf ,zGó«°U{ ¢SGôq c ●
● The pamphlet “A Promenade in the Old City of Saida,” á°ù°SDƒe äGQƒ°ûæe ,ÜhòéªdG ∫ÓW QƒàcódG ¢üf záªjó≤dG Gó«°U »a QGƒ°ûe{ ¢SGôq c ●
text: Dr. Talal Majzoub, © The Hariri Foundation. .…ôjôëdG
Maps & text compilation: Assaad Seif. .∞«°S ó©°SCG :¢Uƒ°üædG ™«ªéJ h §FGôîdG OGóYEG
www.DestinationLebanon.com www.DestinationLebanon.com
www.DestinationLebanon.com
 Glossary

Altar: Raised platform or structure where sacrifices

are offered and religious rites are performed.

Hammam: Bath.

Khan: A motel or public inn, characterized by a large

central courtyard. Also called a caravansary.

Minaret: A tall, slender tower attached to a Mosque

with one or more balconies, used to broadcast
the call to prayers.

Minbar: An elevated platform in a Mosque.

Necropolis: Burial site, cemetery.

Rampart: A city wall.

Souk: Open-air marketplace.