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Etymological Dictionary of Basque
R. L. Trask
edited for web publication byMax W. Wheeler University of Sussex2008© the estate of the late R. L. Trask
{Contents}
{Editor’s preface} 3Guide to the dictionary1. General introductiona. The language and its external history 6b. Documentation and texts 7c. Historical work 9d. The modern language 112. The phonemes of Pre-Basque 143. The aspiration 164. {Phonotactics and} morpheme structure {in} Pre-Basque 185. The structure of verbs in Pre-Basque 216. Phonological changes 257. {Rules applying in} word-formation 398. Some morphological {observations and} problems 449. The sources of the Basque lexicon 4910. {Phonological} treatment of loan words 5211. Expressive forms {caret}12. Ghost words 5513. The structure of entries 5914. List of abbreviations {and symbols} 63
The Dictionary
70{Morphemes cross-referred to but not listed in
The Dictionary
} 384The native lexicon{1. English
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Basque}385{2. Basque
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English}391{Supplementary native lexicon}{3. English-Basque} 396{4. Basque-English} 398Bibliography 400Basque index {caret}English index {caret}Index of botanical names {stub only} 415Index of zoological names {caret}Subject index 417
Etymological Dictionary of Basque 3
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Editor’s preface
R. L. (Larry) Trask died in March 2004 at the age of 59, leaving unfinished his
Etymological Dictionary of Basque
. In 2000 he had been awarded a Major ResearchFellowship by the Leverhulme Trust to support this project, to which he devotedmuch of his time between October 2001 and his death. As a colleague of Trask’s fornearly twenty-five years, now in retirement, I agreed, with the encouragement ofother colleagues and of his widow, Jan Lock, to prepare and edit his unfinishedtypescript for web publication.What is offered here is in no sense a completion of Trask’s project, a task for which Iam not qualified. Rather my aim is limited to making available to the world ofscholarship, in as useful a form as possible, the results that he had achieved, as atribute to the memory of a distinguished Vasconist and a long-standing friend.Trask’s own presentation of the objectives of the
Etymological Dictionary of Basque
can be seen best in section 1 (General introduction) and section 13 (The structure ofentries). It is clear that his aim was to provide a single-volume work, in English, ofvalue to scholars such as comparativists, who may not have been Vasconists. Itmight also be seen as a companion volume to his
History of Basque
(1997), nowwith a special focus on the history of the Basque lexicon.It is likely that the list of items with dictionary entries is in large measure complete.There are a certain number of lexemes that are cross-referred to in
The Dictionary
ormentioned in sections 1-14 (Guide to the dictionary) but are missing from the list ofentries as Trask left it. I have included these in the section ‘Morphemes cross-referred to but not listed in
The Dictionary
’ on page 425.Section 13 explains the indentation structure of the dictionary entries, with headwords aligned left, and derivatives and compounds indented below the relevant headwords. Derivatives of derivatives have a further indent. In the editing process it wasnecessary to reconstruct this indentation pattern which had been lost in the transferof the text between different word-processing and operating systems. For the mostpart, this structure could be recovered by observing deviations from strictalphabetical order, and, of course, from the sense of the etymological informationitself, though in some cases it was necessary to add missing glosses and makeguesses about the etymological relationships Trask understood.Trask considerably helped the editor’s task by indicating with ** or **** gaps wherehe intended to add information. These asterisked gaps are of the following kinds:glosses to dictionary entries, localization of dialect forms, Latin names for flora andfauna, cross-references to other entries, references to sources, references to thephonological changes, morphological and word-formation rules, and phonologicaltreatment of loan words that are discussed in sections 6-8 and 10, and etymologicaldiscussions. There are also some evident gaps in sections 6
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8 and 10 of the Guidethe dictionary where I have done no more here than supply, as Trask had himselfdone in several cases, a few references to Michelena’s works where the missingpoints are discussed.I have dealt with the asterisked gaps in the following way. I have attempted to supplya gloss or glosses for most of the words mentioned, in order to make evident thesemantic relationships Trask had in mind. The glosses supplied editorially, between{ } as with all other editorial material, are derived in the first place from Michelena
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