A PRESENTATION ON

CAUSES OF RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

BY-AMRENDRA KUMAR
UPENDRA VERMA
 WHAT IS CHANGE ?
► To cause to be different.

► Doing something that one is not used to doing.

► Change is a law of nature. It is necessary is way

of life for survival & growth. Man has mould
himself continually to meet new demands &
face new challenges.
► ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE-

It is the process by which organization

moves from their present state to
some desired state to increase their
effectiveness.
Why change?????
 WHAT IS RESISTANCE ?
► Resistance is an inevitable response to any major
change.
► It is the behavior which is intended to protect an
individual from the effect of real or imagines
change.
OR
► Any conduct that serves to maintain the status quo
in the face of pressure to alter the status quo.
Causes of Resistance to Change

Causes

Individual level
Organization level

Group level
 Causes at Individual Level
► Habit
► Fear of Unknown
► Fear of Loss
► New Learning
► Disruption of Stable Friendship
► Logical Reasons
 Causes at Group Level
► Group Norms
► Group Thinking
► Group Cohesiveness
 Causes of resistance at
Organisational Level
Counting Past Successes

Interorganisational
Agreements Reasons Stability of Systems

Sunk Cost Resource Limitations

 Explanations
► Counting Past Successes
A major problem before the organisations
which have past success stories is how to
face challenges of the changing environment.
► Stability of Systems
The system is stabilized and any change may
be perceived a threat by the organisation.
► Resource Limitations
The organisation has to adapt to its environ
ment but the adaptation has its own cost.
 Continue…
► Sunk Cost
Cost already incurred which cannot be
recovered regardless of future events.
► Interorganisatonal Agreements
The organisation interacts with its environ
ment, in this interaction process, it may enter
into agreement with other organizations over
certain aspects of working.
FORCE FIELD THEORY
BY-KURT LEWIN
► Assume that in any situation, there are both driving
and retraining forces which influence any change
that may occur.
► Driving forces are those which affect a situation by
pushing it in particular direction; they tend initiate
a change and keep it going.
► Restraining forces act to restrain change or
decrease the driving force.
equilibrium is reached when sum of driving forces
equals the sum of restraining forces.
LEWIN`S 3 STAGE MODEL OF
CHANGE SYSTEM

Unfreezing Moving Refreezing

Reducing the Developing new Reinforcing new

Force for attitude, values values, attitude
status quo and behavior and behavior.
6 stages of change process
Following up the change

Implicating the change

Planning the change

Diagnosing the change

Recognizing the need for change

Becoming aware of the

The pressure for change
 How to overcome the
Resistance to change?

Education &
Communication Participation Facilitation & Support

Overcome

Negotiation Manipulation &

Co-operation Coercion
► Education & Communication

It means to instruct, to learn or to impart

Information.

 PARTICIPATION
It was support to the fact that the individual
find it difficult to resist a change decision
In which they participate.
► MANIPULATION
It means twisting the facts to make them
More attractive and spreading rumors for
There own interest.

 NEGOTIATION
It means to reach agreement by discussion.
► FACILITATION AND SUPPORT
Providing support and empathy to those
employees who have trouble dealing
with change.

COERCION
It is application of direct threats or force
on resistance to change.