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Schematic of Sanitary Landfill
•
 
 Advantages
 –
 
Safer than other options
 –
 
Land may be reused productively
 –
 
Power generation may offset some costs
•
 
Disadvantages
 –
 
Odors, disease, pollution reduced but still a risk 
 –
 
More expensive than open dumps
 –
 
Not suited for medical or toxic waste
 –
 
Difficult to build in places with limited or expensive land
 –
 
Land may remain too unstable to build on
 
Toxic Wastes
Deep-well Disposal -
Disadvantages
 
 Advantages
 Leaks or spills atSafe method if surfacesites are chosencarefullyLeaks fromcorrosion of wellWastes can beretrieved if casingproblemsExisting fracturesor earth quakescan allow wastesto escape intogroundwaterEncourageswaste production
Fig. 21.14, p. 538
developLow cost
Hazardous Waste Landfill -
 
BBulk ulk waste
 
wasteIImperviousmperviouscclay
 
layEEartharthWWater tableatertableGGroundwaterroundwaterCClaylaycap
 
capGGas vasvententTTopsoilopsoilEEartharthSSandandPPllaassttiiccccoovveerrIImpervmpervious clayaycapiousclcapLLeeaak k  ddetectionetectionssyysstteemm R R eactioneactionwwaasstteess iin drumsndrumsDDoouubblleelleeaacchhaattee ccollection system
 
ollectionsystemPPllaassttiiccddoouubblleelliinneerrGGroundwaterroundwatermmonitoringonitoringwwellellFig. 21.16, p. 539
 
 Above Ground Hazardous WasteDisosal -
 
WastetransporterHazardous wasteSupportcolumnInspectorElevator shaft
Medical Waste Disposal
•
 
Incineration– not allowed by Clean Air Act
•
 
 Autoclave
 –
 
Wastes are disinfected by exposure to high-pressure steam;materials may then be disposed of in landfill
 –
 
Uses energy; generates wastewater
•
 
Microwave
 –
 
Disinfects through intense radiation; energy-intensive
•
 
Pyrolysis
 –
 
wastes are exposed to high heat with little or no air; oxidation isminimized, reducing air pollution
 –
 
wastes are turned to ash, tar or slag; sent to landfill
 –
 
 Allowed in principle by CAA, but NGOs claim they still generatedioxins
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