Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Early labor
Low birth weight
Eye and respiratory infections
Stillbirth
STIs can infect a fetus in vitro or during delivery
www.cdc.gov
Bacterial Infections
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia…
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Symptoms
Called a “silent disease” as most people present no symptoms
and do not know they are infected
Women: Men:
•Possible abnormal vaginal •Possible discharge from
discharge penis
•Burning sensation when •Burning sensation when
urinating urinating
•Pain during sex •Burning, itching,
swelling, pain in penis and
testicles
*Symptoms may also appear in mouth or rectum after oral or anal sex with an infected person
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Fertility
If left untreated, Chlamydia can lead to:
In Women:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infertility
www.cdc.gov
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia: Fertility
In Men:
Epididymitis
www.cdc.gov
Epididymitis
Chlamydia: Pregnancy
www.cdc.gov
Conjunctivitis in an Infant
Treatment
Easily treated and cured with antibiotics
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Louisiana Statistics
Chlamydia rate: Top 5 by State, 2008
*Rate per 100,00
1. Mississippi (728.1)
2. Alaska (711.2)
3. South Carolina (597.2)
4. Alabama (535.0)
5. Louisiana (527.8)
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea: Transmission
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Symptoms
Like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea is called a “silent disease” as most people
present no symptoms and do not know they are infected.
Women Men
* Symptoms may also appear in mouth or rectum after oral or anal sex with an infected person
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrheal Discharge
In a Woman In a Man
But remember: symptoms are not always this obvious and you cannot
tell if someone has an STI just by looking!
Gonorrhea: Fertility
If left untreated, Gonorrhea can lead to:
In Women: In Men:
Pelvic Inflammatory Epididymitis
Disease (PID)
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Pregnancy
Affects in Infants:
Bacteria can infect an infant during vaginal delivery
Can cause:
Blindness
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Detection and Treatment
Detection
Urine Test
Samples taken from cervix, urethra, rectum or
throat
Treatment
Easily treated and cured with antibiotics
Ask for a test before getting pregnant and at your
first prenatal visit
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Louisiana Statistics
Gonorrhea rate: Top 5 by State, 2008
*Rate per 100,000
1. Mississippi (256.8)
2. Louisiana (220.2)
3. South Carolina (214.2)
4. Alabama (210.5)
5. North Carolina (176.3)
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis
Syphilis: Transmission
without treatment
Extremely contagious
Syphilis Chancre in a Man
Syphilis Chancre in a Woman
unnoticed
Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, head
aches, fatigue
Symptoms will resolve themselves without
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis Rash
symptoms
Late Stage:
10-20 years after initial exposure to syphilis, the
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis: Pregnancy
Syphilis can pass through the placenta and
infect the unborn fetus
High risk of stillbirth, or death shortly after
birth
Brain damage, developmental delays
Seizures
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis in Infants
Detection:
Blood test
Treatment:
Antibiotics can cure syphilis - but they cannot
undo any damage already done to the body
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis: Louisiana Statistics
Syphilis rate: Top 5 by State, 2008
*Rate per 100,000
1. Louisiana (16.5)
2. Alabama (9.7)
3. Georgia (9.6)
4. Arkansas (7.3)
5. Maryland (6.7)
www.cdc.gov
Viral Infections
Herpes
Hepatitis B,C
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
www.cdc.gov
Herpes
Herpes: Transmission
www.cdc.gov
Herpes: Symptoms
www.cdc.gov
Herpes: Symptoms
• Bleeding disorders
• Death
www.cdc.gov
Herpes in Infants
• Blood test
Treatment
• There is no cure for herpes
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis A, B, C
Hepatitis A, B, C Transmission
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis A, B, C Transmission
Hepatitis B and C: spread by vaginal, anal or oral
sex with an infected person
Infants can be infected through delivery
Contact with infected blood, including through
unsterilized tattoo, piercing and acupuncture
needles
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis B,C: Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Nausea, vomiting
Inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis B: Detection and Treatment
Detection
Blood test
Treatment
There is no cure
www.cdc.gov
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
The Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection in America
50 percent of all sexually active adults will have HPV at some point in their lives
HPV: Transmission and Symptoms
Transmission
Vaginal and anal sex with an infected person
Genital contact
Symptoms
Over 40 strains of HPV, various symptoms
www.cdc.gov
HPV: Pregnancy
www.cdc.gov
HPV: Detection and Treatment
Detection:
Women: Annual Pap smear
Treatment:
There is no cure for HPV
years
Warts can be removed or can disappear on their own
www.cdc.gov
HPV: Gardasil Vaccine
www.gardasil.com
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
HIV and AIDS: What’s the difference?
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Transmission
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Transmission
• Vaginal Fluids
• Blood
• Breast milk
• Kissing
• Hugs
• Mosquitoes
• Public Toilets
HIV: Symptoms
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Pregnancy
Mother-to-child transmission can be reduced from
30% to 2% with medical interventions:
• The mother should be on antiretroviral treatment
to HIV
• All pregnant women should be tested for HIV
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Detection and Treatment
Detection
• Blood test
• Oral swab
Treatment
• There is no cure for HIV
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Louisiana Statistics
www.hiv411.org
STI Prevention
ABC
STI Prevention
Abstinence
• Not having sex is the only 100% way to
protect yourself from STIs
• Prolonging sexual debut can reduce risk for
STIs
• But it is not reasonable to expect people to
remain abstinent their entire lives
STI Prevention
Abstinence
Remember:
• Oral and anal sex are still sex
Be faithful
• Be in an exclusive, monogamous
relationship
• Get tested, as a couple, before you have
sex
• If you’re not in an exclusive relationship,
use a condom every time
STI Prevention
Condoms
According to the CDC, when used consistently
and correctly, condoms are highly effective in
preventing the sexual transmission of HIV
infection and reduce the risk of other STDs
STI Prevention
How to use a Condom:
• Check the expiration date
• Put the condom on before any genital contact occurs
Never
• Use two condoms at once
• Re-use a condom
• Diaphragms
• Spermicidal gels
• IUDs
www.inspot.org
STI Prevention
Where can I get tested for STIs?
In New Orleans:
www.inspot.org
STIs and Pregnancy
STIs are preventable
Get tested before you get pregnant
Get tested again early in your pregnancy
A Healthy Baby Begins with You.
Questions or Comments?