oiwpd mzi` axd

ceqid oxwl wew d"i`xd ly eqgi

ceqid oxwa jnez 'l"pd y`xa cnerd ik reci'
?ceqid oxwl l"ww oia dn
f"txz zpyn fexka seifd
ceqid oxwa dkinz ly dzernyn
h"txzn izkldd azknd
xvln onlf xqi` axd mr szeyn fexk
meiq ixac

ceqid oxwa jnez 'l"pd y`xa cnerd ik reci'

zaiyi y`xe 'miig utg'd ly ecinlz ,c"id onxqe mpea opgl` iax ly ezebd
oiay dtexi`gxfn zecdia dxezd ilecb oia miipeviwd on didy ,(`hil) uiaFpxA

drtyd zlral meid cr zaygp ,zipeivihp`d ezyiba mlerdzengln izy
zpicne zepeivd itlk i`hilicxgd xeaiva zgeexd dibele`ici`d lr zizernyn
,l`xyi ux` ly oey`xd iy`xd daxl dfzihp` oirk deedn `ed df oaena .l`xyi
ezebdae ea zizcd zepeivd d`vn onfd iawra xy` ,wew odkd wgvi mdxa` axd
.1dztwyde dkxcl ixwird ibele`ici`d orynd z`
dkef wew d"i`xd itlk d`xpk dpeeky onxqe axd ly dxicp zg` ze`hazd
zliqtl zewcvdd zg`k ecia zynyne ,icxgd xeaivdn wlg axwa dax dcedzl
jeza miritend mixaca `l` ,dxiyi zeqgiizda xaecn `l dyrnl .ekxce d"i`xd
zey`xa cltppef miig sqei axd ly etilgn ,iwqpiyec iav sqei axl glypy azkn
:c"vxz oeiq b"ka ,'zicxgd dcrd'
dpde .ziy`xd zepaxd l` micxgd ly c"ia xagl drvd dzlr rnypd itk
xxerl `xew lew mzege azek [ziy`xd zepaxd=] l"pd y`xa cnerd ik reci

lv` dn onf cenll xrpd onxqe axd dkf recid itky ,df cebip xe`l ,`id zpiiprn dcaer
mipy yng xearke ,o"xz zpya wqiea xirl dribd onxqe axd ly ezgtyn :d"i`xd
xfeg didyke ,flh zaiyi cinlz onxqe axd did ef dtewza .xird axl d"i`xd dpnzd
yely" ,xpiax dix` a`f 'x) d"i`xd xqny mixeriya szzyn did zeytega ezial
xe`' ,iwqxeq oxd` ;268 'nr ,b"iyz aia` lz ,'oexkf xtq - diahl zecdi' ,"ycew zelidw
.(l 'nr `"g ,g"lyz milyexi ,'opgl`

75

[c ,`p] `"ryz fenz ,oirnd

lcbl mikled ceqid oxw itqk ik ok mb recie ,ceqid oxwl sqk zzl micedi
miaxd z` `ihgn `ed df oxwa jenzl xxernd ok m`e .qirkdl mixtek
xek' aezkd daeyz ixrya dpei epiax yxit xake .d`xep xzeid dbxcna
lkzqdl `ed yi` lr dpigad ik epiid ,'elldn itl yi`e sqkl sxvne adfl
,xenb ryx edfy ep` mircei miryx lldn `edy mi`ex ep` m`e ,lldi in z`
.2dfk yi`l xagzdl xeq`y xexa xacdy ote`a
mifexk mqxtn ziy`xd zepaxd y`xa cnerdy oeeik ,onxqe axd ly ecicl
,zipeivzipeligd jepigd zkxrnn wlg x`yd oia zpnnnd ,ceqid oxwa dkinzl
.3enr xagzdl xeq`e miaxd z` `ihgn edixd
4
itl . zizcaer zerh lr zqqean onxqe axd ly dtixgd ezriaw ik dnec j`
zniiwd oxwa jnz mpn` eia` ,wew odkd dcedi iav axd ,d"i`xd ly epa zecr
:zilkza dpey did ceqid oxwl eqgi j` ,dl mexzl `xwe l`xyil
k"g` akrzd ,zecdide zcd zebdpzda zeplaewde zeriazd jezny...
mdizexvtd dfa eilr elrt `le ,ceqid oxwl ezkinz ixac zzn [d"i`xd]
jiyndy dn mr ,df znerl dpd .ceqid oxw ipwqr ly mdizeielczyde
ixac zzn mlern akrzd `l ,zeplaewde zeriazd oze` lr cinz rixzdl
ly mdizeielczyde mdizexvtd lk eilr elrt `le ,zniiwd oxwl ezkinz

,'oefg oi`a' qxhpewa ok iptle ;bpw 'nr ,`"qyz milyexi ,`"g 'zexb`e mixn`n uaew'
oiivp ,l`xyi ux` icedi ipiipra onxqe axd ly eweqir ab` .av 'nr ,h"kyz milyexi
,onxqe axd ly eqib ,iwqpifcexb xfer miig axd okn xg`l miiycegn zegt azky mixac
'l`xyi zceb` ilret'l onxqe axd mqxity ielb azkn lr uk oae`x axd zpelzl daeyza
axd] d`x dn ip` mb `ltz`" :miipeivd mitebdn reiq lawl `ly d`ixwa ,ux`a
fixtd mb .dfn izrci `l ip` mbe ,zeayiizd ila ihxtd ezrc ielib mqxtl dkk lr [onxqe
minrh dnkn dleba miihxt mipiprl minec w"d`a aeyid ipipr oi`e ,dcnd lr
"...mihxtd zrc ilan wegxn zexedl xyt` i` dfk cakpe lecb oipra llkae ,miwenipe
azkn `y-y 'nra y"iire ;hvx 'nr ,l"yz wxa ipa ,`"g 'zexbi` uaew - xfrig`')
`yepa ax xnege ,onxqe axd ly l"pd ielbd eazknl .mixacd epyp ea ,i"b`t zexczqdl
.(apw-blw 'nr ,my 'zexb`e mixn`n uaew' 'ir ,df
mx`iay itke ,(gnw ze` b wlg 'daeyz ixry') icpexib dpei epax ixac lr zpryp ef driaw
dyn 'x ici lr yici`n mbxez ,el ze` "`giync `zawr" xn`n) xg` mewna onxqe axd
'nr ,b"kyz milyexi ,'mixn`n uaew' jeza aeye ,a"yz zpya qxhpewk qtcpe cltpy
ly eyexit oial ,mnvrlyk dpei epax ixac oia izedn lcad epyi ik dnec j` .(gkw-fkw
ea ote`d jke ,e dpyn c wxt zea`l dpei epax ly liawnd yexitl eeyd) onxqe axd
'cdn 'xe`nd zxepn' ,dewpl` l`xyi 'xe ,g dpyn c wxt 'zea` obn' ,u"ayxd eixac epiad
,odkd wecv 'x :'ir ,zilkza dketd dcnrl dnbeck .l"nk`e ,(310-311 'nr fi wxt ,e`lpr
.(oini xeh 221 'nr) "dxez ly dlnr" qxhpew seq ,a"txz oilael ,`xwie 'wicv ixt'
.brx 'nr ,g"qyz milyexi ,'xty ixn`' ,oecc wgvi 'x ixac 'ir

[c ,`p] `"ryz fenz ,oirnd

76

oxwd z` eycw zadlya wfgle jenzl siqede daxid `l` ,dicbpzn

.5dyeaike ux`d zle`bl dlrtn zevn z`e zniiwd
axd ly eixac qiqal zgzn rwxwd z` mihney ,mipekp md m` ,dl` mixac
d"i`xd zece` onxqe axd ly dtixgd ezriaw ik xnel jixv didi mxe`l .onxqe
miniieqn zenewna egeexy zereny ly ("reci dpd") zlebpxzirxk lr dpryp
,d"ivxd ly dgekpd ezecr s` lr ik dlrn wcwecn xwgn ,mpn` .6dtexi` gxfna
`l onxqe axd ixacy ixd ,envr d"i`xd itn miyxetn oikeniq dl `iap oldly
zepeiqp eyrp d"i`xd iiga cer ik xxazn ;cala zeltxern zereny lr eqqazd
,oeekn seif lr xaecn cg` dxwna zegtle ,ceqid oxwa dkinz el qgiil miizlenrz
.onxqe axd - oircei `la - oryp d`xpk eilr

?ceqid oxwl l"ww oia dn

?ceqid oxwl l"wwd oia lecbd lcadd edn :minzd `xewd l`yi ,jke jk oia
;ler iwxet mb epdik mitebd ipya ixdy ,dtixh efe dlap ef onxqe axd zrcl `ny
ler iwxetl mb dxyti` `id mewn lkn - jepiga dwqr `l l"wwdy s` lre
mle` !'eke miryxd z` lldn edixd da jnezd s` ok m`e ,dizenc` lr ayiizdl

ux` - dcedi iav axd zegiy' mb 'ir .(ak 'nr) c"k ze` ,g"vxz milyexi ,'lel`a dylyl'
lr d"ivxdn `ed s` rnyy ,ohxbpie odkd l`eny 'x .84 'nr ,d"qyz milyexi ,'l`xyi
'hkil ryici` q`c' oezirdn drici cbpn oiiv ,ceqid oxwa jenzl d`ixwn eia` zerpnid
dzlredy ceqid oxw znxgdl drvda jenzl mb d"i`xd axiq ditl ,c"txz xii` h"in
ixyz ,`"z ,33 oeilb] ` zxaeg ziriyz dpy 'zekild') a"dx`a 'mipaxd zceb`' ly dcirea
diqpniba zianet dnglnl ez`ivii`l d"i`xd ly eiwenip eeyde .(27 'nr ,[f"kyz
.(`qw-qw 'nr a"g 'd"i`xd zexb`') ditlk dtixgd ezecbpzd zexnl zixard
iax ,xebn x"enc`d ici lr `"txza xak xkfe` d"i`xd zece` `eeyzereny ly oneiw
dnn xg` xeive byen 'id l"ega dpde" :dpitqd lr recid eazkna ,xzl` ikcxn mdxa`
scexe xe`p ax 'id el`k 'iy w"`xd b"dxd aygp 'id zericid i"tr ik ,zn`a `edy
zericin minrtl e`iad 'jxcd'e 'cei'd zekxrn mbe ,mitecbe zenxga ecbp e`vie ,mipenly
sqe`') "...'idiy in 'idi ,cg` 'vn wx renyl jxcd df `l mle`e ,cg` cvn e`viy el`d
cer..." :dixp iav dyn axd ly exe`iz `ed ipiite` .(68 'nr ,f"vxz dyxe ,'mixace miazkn
cnrn ecnrne zeklnl axewn `ed :exn` .eilr zerici eppzqd zxbeqnde dxebqd `iqexl
`ed :rcep aeye .l`xyia lecb ax qetih ly libxd xe`zdn eze` d`ived z`f drc .inyx
zepeincde mixe`zd lk mxa [...] 'likyn'ax ly zenc xak x`z oeincde ,mipeivl aexw
.(13-14 'nr ,`"pyz d"`xd xtk ,`"g 'd"i`xd ihewil') "dpey`xd di`xd mr ixnbl ebenp
izx`iz invrlyk ip`" :wxa ipa cqiin ,oxewphyxb wgvi 'x mb myx `iltdl dnec xe`iz
d`xnl izennezyd dzid dlecb dnke [...] ipxcen ax ly ezenca l"vf wew axd z` il
"...xecay mihrend on yecw wicv iptl izi`x .l"vf wew axd lv` oey`xd ixewaa ipir
.(cr 'nr ,a"yz milyexi ,`"g ,'wxa ipa lr izepexkf')

77

[c ,`p] `"ryz fenz ,oirnd

ditqky wenipa ,`weec ceqid oxw lr onxqe axd xaic yexitay jkn mlrzdl oi`
zelirtl rbep epi` xen`ky xac - jepigd zecqena "qirkdl mixtek lcbl mikled"
zecwenn zexhn xear d`nd ziy`xa mwedy wize cqen dzid l"wwd .l"wwd
dnwed ceqid oxw eli`e ,mixkp cin ux`d zenc` zle`b - ziqgi zenkqene
.daxda miagx eid dzlert inegze ,dpey zihilet ze`ivna mixyrd zepy ziy`xa
,xebn) mix"enc`d zrax` ly recid mazknl e"txz sxegn daeyza ,envr d"i`xd
cbpn epzcinr lr mrxzn 'igiy b"k ik" ernyy (oifc`xe dvaexhqe` ,aeleweq
zeaiq z` ahid x`ia ,mzecbpzd z` ewnipe "ceqid oxwe l"wwd ztewl riiql
eci azka dxnypy ,ezaeyz ly zncwen dheiha ;7cala l"wwa - l"wwa ezkinz
:ceqid oxwe l"wwd itlk eqgia lcadd z` yxetna oiivn `ed ,eifpba
`id[y] [...] zniiwd oxw cra wx reiq ly dcerz izzp xaryl ,invrl ip`yk
izzp jk liayae [...] l`xyi zeyxl mixkp cin dnc`d z` `ivedl dweqr
,ceqid oxw ok oi`y dn .zniiwd oxw ly mipwqrd icia dcerz mipy dfi` df
,jepig ly mipiprae daeyia [m` ik=] `"k ux`d zle`ba wqer epi` `edy
oewiz dfi` icil xacd `ai xy` cr ,dcerz oiicr mlern izzp `l mdl
i"` z` ayiil epnn aeyg wlg zegtl jled didi df oxw ici lr mby ,d"ra
.8w"dez zyecw jxca
`idy ybced ea ,l"wwa dkinzl b"txzn efexk mb 'ir .ey-by 'nr 'd"i`xl zexbi`' 'ir
`le ,xnelk - (238 'nr ,c"pyz milyexi ,'mc` ipak mik`ln') "ux`d zle`bl wx dcrepd"
oia zegizn dxxy mizirl ik oievi df xywda .ceqid oxw zelirtn a"eike jepig zexhnl
zenc` zle`ba zwqer dpexg`d ef mby myexd zexveeid rwx lr ,ceqid oxwl l"wwd
'nr ,iriax jxk ,milyexi ,n"v` ,'l"wwd ly oeixehwxicd zeaiyi ly milewehext' :'ir)
izy ly szeynd mkqdd mb 'ir .a"txz fenz `"ie oqip 'an milewehext - 498/33,109
dcnrn zygnd myl .(16 'nr ,14 oeilb 10 dpy ,`"txz hay g"i 'mlerd' ,zepxwd
a"ld zizpyd dcirel yxcip ,zepaxd mler ly mixkip miwlg axwa l"wwd ly qqeand
ly a sirqa xy` ,f"vxz ,'dcpwe dwixn`a miqwecezxe`d mipaxd zceb`' ly
micxgd micedid lk lr yecw aeg dlihn mipaxd zceb`" :oldlck rawp dizehlgd
aex etzzyd ef dcireay oiivl xzenl `l ."'l`xyil zniiwd oxw'a daicp cia eknziy
[f"vxz xii` ,wxei eip] h zxaeg a dpy 'icedid' :e`x) f`c a"dx` ipax ilecb oiipae oiipn
zxaeg d dpy 'qcxtd' lynl 'ire ,zencewd zecirea mb dlawzd dnec dhlgd .195 'nr
.(g-d mitirq ,25 'nr [a"vxz oeiq] b zxaeg e dpy 'qcxtd' ;f sirq ,31 'nr [`"vxz oeiq] b
ipewiz) 21-22 'nr ,b"pyz milyexi ,'xe` iakek' ,xalit awri axd ici lr dhhev ef dheih
ehnyed lreta dglypy daeyzd on .(iciay cid azk melvz it lr ervea milw gqep
axd ;l"wwd zece` miiaeigd miperihd wx exzepe ,ceqid oxw zece` zeililyd zexin`d
,(my 'ir) okn xg`l reayk d"ivxd epal d"i`xd glyy azkn lr jnzqda ,xaeq xalit
ilkk ynyl milelr miililyd mihtyndy d"i`xd ly eyyg dzid dhnydl daiqdy
ixac ly gqepd xe`l xazqn epi` dfky yyg izrcl .llka zeipeivd zepxwd itlk gebip
oxw ly zianet dnxgda wlg lehil `ly oevxa d`xpk dxeyw dhnydde ,d"i`xd
.(5 dxrd ,lirl 'ir) ceqid

[c ,`p] `"ryz fenz ,oirnd

78

mr d"i`xd miiwy ztreqnd mixywd zkxrn zece` xzeia ax rcin epyi ,ok`
oir zgiwt cvl ,ux`d zle`bl xic`d dlrtna dreaw dkinz dxwiry ,l"wwd
- 9dizenc` lr dzyrpy dxezd jxcn diihq lk lr ziciin d`gne zcnzn
cala mixetq mixekf` e`vnp meid cr eqtcpy d"i`xd ly eiazk lka ,jci`ne
zerenyn oefipy in .10ditlk zipexwr zebiizqd lr micnln md mbe ,ceqid oxwl
"reci"d itk `linn gipi ,zebiizqd ila "miryetl ci ozep"k d"i`xd z` zebivnd
zexewa `iwad xear ,z`f znerle ;ceqid oxwa jenzl dcin dze`a `xw mb `edy
seba dkinzl `exwl lbeqn didi `edy oeirxd ,d"i`xd ly eizexbi`e elret ,eiig
ixd .exwirn jxten ,mda `veike ipelig jepig ,zay ilelig eici enae zexiyi mxebd
mibiiq ,miax mi`pz dil` eelp `l` ,dielz izla dzid `l l"wwa ezkinz elit`
dnvr l"wwd dzid Ely gikedl oda icy ,zehlea ze`nbec dnk ixd .zexdf` s`e
d"i`xd did `l - ceqid oxw dzyry itk - dxezd gexl zecbepnd zelerta zwqer
:da mb jenzl mikqn
zay ilelig zece` ,f"txz '` xc` 'an oiwyiqe` mgpn l"wwd x"eil azkna #
ici lr `le ,miayezd ici lr :wece) l"wwd znc` lr zayeid aekexea zpekya
zevxt cra xecbl oekp crv eyri `l m`y" d"i`xd xidfd ,(dnvr l"wwd
c`n oibtne lecb lewa ielb azkna z`vl jixv ikp` did` ,leab lk zexaery
.11"l`xyi lk ipf`l
zay lelig lr geeic zeawra glypy ,a"vxz x"c` c"kn "daepz"l azkna #
,mdiyrn z` ueaiwd iyp` epwzi `l cer lky d"i`xd riced ,rxfn ueaiwa
.12elawl "daepz" lr xqe` `ede ,m"ekr algk xcben mdly algd

zkxrna izeayiizdd begde l`xyil zniiwd oxwd zekilde zekld" ,lheb dixp axd :e`x
eizeaebz" ,qlt miig ;ehw-bw 'nr ,[g"pyz] `kw oeilb 'ipiq' ,"wew axd ly eizeieazkzd
'nr [d"pyz] ehw oeilb 'ipiq' ,"l"wwd znc` lr zayd ilelig lr wew .i.` axd ly
jenqa cer 'ire ;cl-bl 'nr mye ,lx-kx 'nr ,f"vxz milyexi ,'dle`bd oefg' mb 'ir ;etw-tw
.(xg` mewna izkx`d l"wwde d"i`xd iqgi `yepa)
,a"dx`l ezriqp oiipra 'mipaxd zceb`'n lhpeel dix` aec axl c"txz sxegn azkna
dkinz aaxrl dihp 'idz `l m`" `id ,driqpd dielz oda zel`yd zg`y d"i`xd azek
milyexi ,c"g 'd"i`xd zexb`') "ceqid oxw mr ['mipaxd zceb`' zxfra qiibiy=] ef
`xew `ed ,bxeapfielwn xpflb `aiwr axl d"txz sxegn azkn jeza .(frw 'nr ,c"nyz
ayena ze`eewne dhigy oebk zexhn xear "ceqid oxw ly miipeivd mitqkd"a xfridl
md miacepd zenewnd aexa lkd ixg`y xirne ;l`xyi ux`a dipaliqpxh i`vei ly
.(fhx 'nr my) dxezd it lr didi lkdy be`cl yi oaenke ,l`xyi ipen` inelyn
'ycew zexb`e miazkn' xtqa qtcp mlyd azknd ;`tw 'nr ,[d"pyz] ehw oeilb 'ipiq'
ziyilyd dnbeca enk ,o`k .588 'nr ,b"qyz wxei eip ,[miealcpn mdxa` cec axd :jxer]
jk lr ricei s`e ,l"wwa jenzln lcgi `ed micrv ehwpii `l m`y d"i`xd fnex ,(oldl)
.miaxa
.btw 'nr my 'ipiq'

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10

11

12

dlgd l"wwdy lr d"i`xd mrxzd ,h"txz 'a xc` a"kn oiwyiqe`l azkna #
zizextq dxhn myl `l ik ,dly revwnn eppi`y" ,zeizextq zexaeg `ivedl
dgicwn ef zextq ly dzenvry dfn xzeie .ux`d zle`b ly mitqkd eycwed
dpen`d zyecwl cebipa zeafeke zexf zerc znqxtne ,miaxa dliyaz z`
xqei leyknde dpekpd mzlert z` elrti mihrnd ixacy dew` [...] dxedhd
zle`b ly ycewd zcear z` cearl cgi eplek lkep ornl ,[iegic=] dgcn `la
.13"cg` mky l`xyil zniiwd oxwd i"r ux`d

f"txz zpyn fexka seifd

eyrp ,d"i`xd zcnr ly aeygd ixeaivd dlwyna dxkd jezn ,xen`ky `l`
.oxwa zxdven dkinz el qgiil ceqid oxw iknez cvn zepeiqp xtqn mipyd jldna
xkfpd azknd xg`l dpyk) f"txz sxega ygxzd xzeia hlead dxwnd
ilklk xaynl l`xyi ux`a icedid aeyiid qpkp ok iptl miyceg dnk ;(mix"enc`l
z` mvnv ,dceard gekn yily ly dlha`l `iad ,ezegztzda zeyw rbty ,sixg
xzeia xengl aygpy ,df xayn .14ux`dn "micxei" ly mxfl mxbe diilrd gtp
day dpey`xd mrtd did ,hcpnd inia l`xyi ux`a icedid aeyiid lr xary
- dpey`xd mlerd zngln seq f`n dxabzdy ,aeyiid ly zegztzdd ztepz
i"r cgein dxfr lrtn"a zipeivd dldpdd d`vi dfd mipiiprd avn rwx lr .dxvrp
mb qiibzd avnd zxneg xe`l ;"l`xyi ux`a dceard ixqegn zaehl ceqid oxw
dyn axd xy`ke ,ux`a ilklkd avnd zahd xear zenexzd cecirl d"i`xd
d"i`xd ecia ciwtd ziabnd z` wfgl ick oiletl `vi (ixi`nd) iwqaexhqe`
'a jix`za d"i`xd azk ,liawna .15dtexi` gxfn icedi xear zillk cecir zxbi`
xn`p eae ,zipeivd dldpdd ly dznfeia dkinzl `xewd ianet fexk f"txz elqk
:x`yd oia
mig` ,di`xwn lke oeiv oipal mytpe mal xy` ,dlebd ixeft ,mixwid epig`
.487 'nr `"g ,a"qyz v"ly`x ,'d"i`xd zexve`' ,l`ixev dyn axd
lz ,'zihilete zilklk dpiga :ziriaxd dilrd ztewza aeyid' ,icrlb oc :x`yd oia 'ir
cgeina lecb diilr gtp ,cgn :letk did xaynl mxebd .171-192 'nr ,b"lyz aia`
zelabd ,jci`n ;dil` jexr did `l il`xyi ux`d wyndy dcina ,eiptly miizpya
divltpi`a mglidl oeiqipa) dvx`n oenn z`ved lr oilet zlynn dbidpdy zexeng
`iadl milerd zlekia ode l`xyi ux`l zenexza od rbty xac ,(ihelfd jxra zxdecd
.dvx` myekx z`
oke ;8 'nr [30 oeilb 66 dpy] '` xc` 'a dxitvd' e`x ,iwqaexhqe` axd ly ezriqp lr
uiaelbq dyn l`igi axdn laiwy dglvdd zkxa zece` ,3 'nr [34 oeilb] '` xc` 'f ,my
aeye ,f"txz '` xc` 'l 'mlerd'a dnqxet ,oilet icedil d"i`xd zxbi` .da`ln c"a`
.1070 'nr a"g ,(g"pyz zxecdn) 'd"i`xd zexve`'a

[c ,`p] `"ryz fenz ,oirnd

13
14

15

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`id ,zea` ux`a aed`d epaeyi lr zrk zxaerd dxengd dryd !miaed`
,yecwd eppipa .'`p eriyed' zpbtda ,mkil` ilew z` mixdl ize` d`ian
,icedi al lka zexev`d eizewz c`n od zelecbe zeax xy` ine`ld oipad
,dxvl mig` zxfr ly zetzzyd yxecd ,xaer xayn z`xwl zrk cner `ed
xy` dlecbd dfxkdd ik ,gehae ial oekp ok lr [...] ecnrn z` wifgdl
`al un`zdl ,l`xyi leab lka zrk dfixkne zkled zipeivd dldpdd
lkn uege ,dax daywda zrnyp didz ,xaynd ly avnd zlwdl dxfrl
lka epig` enixi xy` miillkd miyecwd mixacd lkl zexiczd zenexzd
mci z` e`yi ycewd icqen lke ,milyexie oeiv myl mdizeayen zenewn
cr ,igkepd xaynd zlwd ly ziabnd lr acpzdl ,evx`le enrl 'cl ycew
...yxcpd mekqd sq`zi dxdn xy`
d"i`xd rpnp ceqid oxw oepbpn zervn`a dyrp ziabnd reviay s` lr
da dkinz mqxtl ipexwrd eaexiq jezn ,oxwd ly dny z` xikfdln ezvlnda
zepezira mqxety df `ed lirl hhevnd gqepd .(mix"enc`l azkna wnipy itke)
ik xxazn `ltd daxnl mle` .16"xaynd zlwdl" zxzeka ,zil`xyiux`d
dldpdd" milind etlged dyxe ipezira zereay dnk xg`l mqxety gqepa
mixacd ebved ,jkl m`zdae ,"ceqid oxwl ziy`xd dldpdd" milina "zipeivd
!17"ceqid oxw zaehl wew axd ly efexk"n zegt `lk
wtq oi` ,dfd fexkd ly eize`qxib izy caln edylk rcin epicia did `l m` mb
ici lr ,d"i`xl d`xpe jenq ,l`xyi ux`a mqxety df `ed ihpze`d gqepd ik
fexk z` evitd ceqid oxw iyp` xy`k ,z`f znerl ;'xezd'e 'cdd' ikxer eircein
enqxty gqepa lwzii xagndy eyyg `l md ,oilet ipezira d"i`xd
inicwz xekf` d"i`xd ixacl aaxyl xexa qxhpi` mdl did s`e ,mewnwegixa
ly "itexi`gxfnd" gqepd `l` epiptl did `l m` s` ,dyrnl .ceqid oxw ly
d"i`xd ixac lya wx `l z`f ;zexf miici ea eglyp ik reawl ozip did ,fexkd
(6 oeilb 7 dpy) f"txz elqk b"i 'xezd' oereayae ,(ai 'nr) f"txz elqk 'cdd' oegxia 'ir
gqepd .(tw 'nr) 'dle`bd oefg' xtqa mb df gqep wzred xzei xge`n .xryd cenr
xe`iza .zexewndn cg` lka eltpy zephw zeierh ipewiz lr qqean dlrnl hhevnd
ixqegn zaehl ceqid oxw i"r cgein dxfr lrtn xecq ilbxl" :azkp ,'cdd'a fexkl sevxd
."...cgein fexk wew axd oxn mqxt ,l`xyi ux`a dceard
:azkp ,fexkl sevxd xe`iza .3 'nr ,[50 oeilb 65 dpy ,dyxee] f"txz elqk b"k 'dxitvd'
ly ziy`xd dkyll wew odkd wgvi mdxa` 'x i"`l iy`xd axd gly .f.y elqk 'aa"
elqk f"k ,'mlerd'a mb fexkd mqxet mini xtqn xg`l ."...`ad fexkd z` ,ceqid oxw
j` ,'dxitvd'a enk xe`iz eze`ae zxzek dze`a ,944 'nr [50 oeilb 14 dpy ,oecpel] f"txz
'nr [48 oeilb] f"txz elqk b"i 'mlerd' mb e`xe ;fexkd seba "ceqid oxw" ly aeaxyd `ll
z` lwdl df i"re i"dwl riiql zinlerd zecdil fexk mqxt wew axd" ik geec my ,906
."i"`a xaynd

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17

d"i`xd glyy zxbi` xe`l `l` ,fexkd meqxt iptl dpyk ,mix"enc`l azkna
`ed ik dxvwa riced da ,fexkd zaizk xg`l mixetq zereay ceqid oxw iy`xl
zxey e`leniy cr (!) dicxyna xwal s` e` oxwd zldpd mr dlert szyln repn
l` dglypy diipt `ed ,ef zxbi`l rwxd .zizcd dzeldpzd megza aivdy zeyixc
mgzn"a ceqid oxw ly ycgd dpkyn zkepg xg`l ,f"txz zah 'aa d"i`xd
ceqid oxw ly zifkxnd dkyld ildpn eazk da ,milyexia "miine`ld zecqend
z` xwal axd eaeha lirei eppec` m` xacd epl didi lecb ceakle dax dgnyl" ik
azk ef diptl daeyza .18"ceqid oxw ly zinlerd dldpdl cxynd - epcxyn
dti aiil (dix`) ,ceqid oxw iy`x l` - dpey`xl xe` o`k d`exd - zxbi` d"i`xd
:dwhpd mgpn xezx`e
f"txz zah 'g ,d"a
,dwhpd .`e dti x"c micakpd mipec`d ceak
.p.`
ixg` ,dfa mze` ricen ippd .dcakpd mzkyl z` xwal mzpnfd izlaw
ixg` e`lni zipeivd [dldpdd=] zldpde [ceqid oxw=] i"dw zldpd xy`
i"dra lke` f` ,jepgae zeveawa zcd ipiprl rbepd zeilnipind izeyixc
.i"dw zkyl z` k"b [xcp ila=] p"la xwa`e ,i"dw zaehl izcear z` szyl
.19ie`xd ceaka
oxw iyp` mr rbna d"i`xd `a oda zeiepncfd xtqn mpn` eid mipyd jyna
,igkepd azknd yignny itk j` ,20zc ikxevl miaivwz ipiipra xwira ,ceqid
iepiyl dyixca d"i`xd cvn epzed dl`ky milaben dlert iteziy elit`
oxwn d"i`xd ly zewiiecnd eizeyixc eid dn .21zcd megza oxwd ly dzeldpzd
ly ezinr oxwd icxyna xwia ,df wiza x`eank ,okl mcew cer .KH4\21036 n"v`
.xi`n i"xd ,d"i`xd
dti aiil ik xirdl yi .el dpezp izcez - oniep a`f axd icia ievnd ,azknd wzrd jezn
ezaqig` did ,dti ltnib ikcxn axd ,(eia`ia`) eaq :d"i`xd ly dgtyn aexw did
izgtyn hpnihpq azknd gzta dlbn epi` d"i`xd ,ok it lr s` .d"i`xd ly (eia`m`)
.inzq qenipa gzet `l` ,edylk
- mitqep mipax mr cgi - d"i`xd szzyd ,d"txz zpya ,lirlc azknd iptl miizpyk
d`vwdd iwit`e ,miizc mikxvl evweiy minekqd lr hlged da ceqid oxw mr daiyia
dxrd lirl 'ire .br-ar 'nr e"txz milyexi ,'ux`d xve`' ,[oinipa 'x] oncltxlcx ryedi)
.(10
xg`l miiycegk - f"txz 'a xc` b"kn miiy`xd mipaxd ipy azkn z` mb oiivl yi
repnl dyixca ,ontld ikcxn ceqid oxw xikfnl x`yd oia glypy - lirlc azknd
;ceqid oxwn miknzpd e` l"wwd znc` lr miayeid miaeyiia zexyke zay lelig
,a"qyz milyexi ,ep` mirexw ,`xirf ihen ly extqa zhhevn) 'a xc` e"kn daeyza
ep` [...] mitqk seqi`l oepbpn `l` dpi` ceqid oxw zldpd" ik ontld wchvd ,(172 'nr

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19

20

21

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(mix"enc`l azkna epeylk) "oewiz icil d`a"k aygidl lkez efy zpn lr ,ceqid
jnqn zervn`a ,xxal epzlekia z`f s` ?ecivn dlert seziyae ezkinza zekfle
oxwl "wew axd ly zeaeyzd" ezxzeky ,df jnqn .dpey`xl o`k qtcpd sqep
oxwd cvn eil` cvn diiptl daeyza ,mcewd azknd xg`l d`xpk azkp ,ceqid
oxwa jenzl (!) xqe` d"i`xdy zereny rwx lr d`xpd itk ,ditlk eqgi zece`
xnelk ,oey`x seba aezk `ed j` ,jnqnd wzrd wx `vnp epiptl .22ceqid
z` wx wizrdl d`xpk xga wzrdd xveie ,envr d"i`xd ici lr egqep mixacdy
:dnizgde dgiztd `ll ,mixacd seb
ippd - jtidle ,ceqid oxw lr melye qg xeqi` mey itn `vi `l mlern .`
.mixqe`d lr c`n mrxzn
ip` zniwd oxwd z` ik izaeyz dzid ,zeipeivd zepxwl iqgi xac lr .a
zrl ippd ,ceqid oxw lr mpn` ;llk aekir lka al utga zepncfd lka riqn

zeixwir zerxbn zipeivd dldpdd owzzy cr dzaehl iazkn z` rpen dzr

:od dl`e ,opewiz z` yxec ip`y
`l ,zcd cenln lleyn l`xyi ux`a mewn meya didi `l jepigdy .1
.l`xyi zpen` zyecw ceqi xeza `l` zextq xeza wx
enk ,dveawe dayen lka skz e`lnzi zcd ly miillkd mikxvd lky .2
.ax mb - ax mikixvy mewnae ,dewn ,p"kdia ,a"ey
q"idxwn miknzpd zenewnd lka dyri `l ianet ycew lelg meyy .3
.dfa `veike diqdxta h"eie zay lelg enk ,[ceqid oxwn=]
.zexyka mixnyp eidi ,zegtl miillkd ,migahndy .4
ly zecewpe zeayena miayizndl mikiiyd mihxtd dl` lky .5
z` miakrnd mixac xeza dfegda miaezk eidi ,[ceqid oxw=] q"idxw
i`pza wx rwxwd lr ezekfa eze` mixywnde ,ayiznd ly oipwd zwif
.l"pd miixwrd zeceqid ly ieln
ok lr ,dl` izeyixc z` dldpdd `lnz q"eqy dwfg `id izewzy iptne
izcear f`y dew`e .oze` e`lniy cr ceqid oxwl [i]reiq z` akrn ippd
.w"d` oipa[e] aeyi zaehl i"dfra dnly zeidl [lkez]
;l"wwd ipta mb d"i`xd aivdy dl`l mceqia minec dl` mi`pz ik xirdl yi
minegzdy ceqid oxw znerl ,ux`d zle`b did dpexg`d ef ly dweqir xwir mle`
aivd `l l"wwa xaecny lkk ,okl .dzelirt cwena ecnr d"i`xd zeyixc erbp mda
zepncfd lka ynzypy 'akl migihan eppde ,zixqen drtyda xefrl oaenk mipken
."zeernd z` yibcdl icka epzrtyda
lry ,oecc wgvi 'xl dpezp izcez .(KH1/220/2 :oyi leniq) ifkxnd ipeivd oeikx`a `vnp
dfd jnqnay zeyixcd aex .epnn melvz il xiard xy`e jnqnd meiwl izrceezp eci
.(37 dxrd oldl 'ir) `"vxz aia`a d"i`xd mqxty fexka ,mipey miybcda ,epyp

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dkinzl d`ixwde dlertd seziy mvrl iqiqa i`pzk eizeyixc ielin z` d"i`xd
.23ceqid oxw itlk z`f dyr hlgda j` wtq `ll df did ,f"txzn fexk eze` z` onxqe axd d`x ok` m` ,jk oiae jk oia
reci" ik drcd epexkfa drawzd d`xpk jke ,oilet ipezira mqxety sleqnd gqepa
zzl micedi xxerl `xew lew mzege azek [ziy`xd zepaxd=] l"pd y`xa cnerd ik
.ceqi lk oi` el`d mixacl xen`k mle` ;24"ceqid oxwl sqk

ceqid oxwa dkinz ly dzernyn

,dnecke jepiga mb zwqerd ,ceqid oxwa jenzl xen`k oken did `l d"i`xd
oxwd ly dlretn "aeyg wlg zegtl"y ,"oewiz dfi` icil xacd `eai xy` cr"
z` dxe`kl zxvei "...aeyg wlg zegtl" dxin`d .dxezd jxca ux`d aeyiil dptei
if` ,dxezd gexa zelirtl dpten did oxwd zelirtn izernyn wlg m`y myexd
mle` .ipeligd jepigl oiicr dpten did xg` wlg m` mb da jnez d"i`xd did
oxw oepwza ixdy ,daxda dxingn dzid d"i`xd ly ezyixcy wtq oi` ,lreta
dfd aivwzd on mieqn wlg wxe) 25jepigl eptei dia`ynn 20%k wxy rawp ceqid
driaw ik ybcei .da dkinzl `exwl d"i`xd axiq z`f lkae - ('iziira' jepigl crei
mipya oxwd zelert ly llek mekiqa ;dcitwa dnyei ceqid oxw oepwza ef
,diilr zxykd) zeayiizde dilra erwyed dia`ynn 61.4%y dler ,u"xz-`"txz
19.6% ,(diyrze xgqn ,oekiy ,zipexire zi`lwg zeayiizd ,mihiltl dxfr
cala 19.0%e ,(divxhqipinc` ,ze`ixa ,oeghia) miine`le miixeaiv mizexiya
zexekyn ,jepig :zc ikxvl miieqn wlg dvwed z`fn mb xy`k - zeaxze jepiga
reiq ,dyecw iyinyze oiaexir ,ze`eewn zwefgz ,migibyne mia"ey ,mipax
,ceqid oxwa dkinzd lr xeqi` fixkn `ed oi`y jk lr d"i`xd xfg df azkna ik s`e
xiardl dzghad z` zicedid zepkeqd dniiw `l a"vxz zpya xy`k ,xzei xge`ny ixd
xarei `l m` ik rixzd ea ,sixg azkna d"i`xd jk lr dgn ,zc ipiiprl ghaen aivwz
oileta igxfnd iyp`le a"dx` ipaxl zeptl ul`ii `ed ,ghaend aivwzdn wlg zegtl
n"v` ,a"vxz 'a xc` h"kn azkn) ceqid oxw ziabnn dkinz repnl dyixca
.(S25\5894-419
ly itexi`gxfnd gqepd qiqa lr ,ceqid oxwa d"i`xd ly lekiakezkinz lr rcind
zah c"kn azkna :a"dx`a s`e l`xyi ux`a d"i`xd icbpznl zexidna lblbzd ,fexkd
dllegzd uiw eze`ay) milyexi i`pway miipeviwd on ,xvipnqxld xi`n riced f"txz
iav 'xl (d"i`xde xebn x"enc`d cbpk mqxty dhea fexk rwx lr ,izax diixexry eaiaq
a"dx`a 'mipaxd zceb`'n wleq ok iptl dpy ;envra cakp i`pw) wxei eipn oncixt yxid
dkinzl `xewlew `ived d"i`xd ik ,(eixtqn cg`a mqxty d"i`xd itlk zetwzd awr
,'l`xyi zpicn ipiic mr ihtyn - cng iav' ,oncixt d"vx :e`x ."ceqi el oi`y oxw"a
.fq 'nr ,j"yz oilwexa
.(27 dxrd oldl 'ir) `"txza cer wpexh i"ixd riavdy itk

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axd ly ezprh ik dnec ,elld mipezpd xe`l .26cere miciqg xtk ,wxa ipa zeayenl
miryx"k jk meyn mze` ezxcbde ,ceqid oxwl mexzl mi`xewd itlk onxqe
z` mlyl miraezd itlk dliawn dprhn izedn ote`a dpey dpi` ,"mixenb
zeipeviw miiley zeveaw cvn wx meik zrnyend dprh - dpicnl miyxcpd miqind
.icxgd xeaiva
eze` ipa minqxetnd mipaxd on dnk eid ok` ik xxazn riztn `l ote`a ,ok`e
xtqn wx .27dizelertn wlga zeiziirad s` lr ,ceqid oxwl mb mexzl e`xwy xec
yxetna `xewd xg` fexk mqxet d"i`xd ly xkfpd efexk meqxt iptl miyceg
mkezae ,oilete diqexn mipax mipenyn dlrnl enzg eilr ,ceqid oxwa jenzl
axd ,dh`x mleyn axd ,'zygxnd' lra ybii` jiprd jepg axd enk mireci miyi`
dkinzd ,zixad zevx`a hxtae ,mlera zenewn dnka ,ok lr xzi .28cere uk oae`x
d"i`xd ly ezinr s`e ,29mipaxd axwa qefpvpeway xack daygp ceqid oxwa

'nr ,d"yz milyexi ,'e"yz - milyexi gel' "onfd ogana ceqid oxw" ,xevil` '`
.er-r 'nr 'ux`d xve`' mb 'ir ;gqx-hpx
dprpy ,'gny xe`'d lra wqpieecn odkd dgny xi`n iax z` df xywda xikfdl bedp
eazkn z` azke ,diahla ceqid oxw ziabn z`xwl zipeivd zexczqdd gily zywal
extqa aeye ,b oeilb a"txz 'xezd'a qtcp) l`xyi ux` aeyiia jenzl `xewd mqxetnd
s` ,mpn` .(cere ,dqw-bqw 'nr ,f"kyz `"z ,'odk dgny xi`n epax' xpiax `"fx ly
aeyiia zillk dkinza wx wqer envr azknd ,ceqid oxwa jexk ixehqidd xywdy
jka ze`xl dyw `linne ,xg` ipeiv seb e` ceqid oxw ly yxetn xekf` ea oi`e ,ux`d
wpren daivwzn wlgy s` lr ceqid oxwa jenzl m`d zipexwrd dl`ya drxkd
ecici xywd eze`ae dpy dze`a azky dnec azknl xy`a mb jk .ipeligd jepigl
wgvi axd ,z`f znerl .(et-ct 'nr 'ux`d xve`' 'ir) oiveln `igi oec xfril` axd
dze`a azk ,oileta "igxfnd" ipaxne 'ekln zereyi'd ly eckp ,`phewn wpexh dcedi
zeprhd z` zegcl jix`d eae ,ceqid oxwa jenzl yxetna `xewd wnepn azkn dpy
zexrda r"re .(ev-dv 'nr [h"lyz lel`-oqip] dt oeilb 'ipiq' 'ir) oxwl dnexz cbpk
.ze`ad
oey`xd minile) aia` lz ly icxtqd dax ik siqedl ozip .at-gr 'nr 'ux`d xve`' 'ir
ipnkn' :eixtqa 'ir) ceqid oxw zelirta envra szzyd s` l`ifer g"nva axd (oeivl
milyexi ,c"g 'l`ifer ipnkn' ;eqy-dqy 'nr my oke ,kwz 'nr ,h"vxz `"z ,`"g 'l`ifer
iwqaexhqe` axd mb jke ,(cere ,hvx-fvx 'nr e"g oke ,ctx-btx my ,al-`l 'nr ,f"qyz
.cere ,(lirl xkfpk)
"ceqid oxw lr l`xyi ipax fexk" qtcp ,`"vxza ,"ceqid oxwl mipy xyr" lbxl oeilba
,l`xyi ux`n mherine a"dx`n rixknd maex ,mipax ze`n minezg eilr ,u"xz lel`n
xyr df xy` ,ceqid oxw z` ewfg" :zyxetn d`ixw llk fexkd .gxfnd zevx`e dtexi`
wcv oinia jenzle epycw zlgp z` zepal dlrpd ciwtzd z` dnky lr z`yep `id mipy
oeeyg 'k 'mlerd') "z`fd dlecbd dxhnl epze` miaxwnd milrtnde miyrnd lk z`
zxbqna lrty cg` xkEn ax oi`y dnecnk .(911 'nr [46 oeilb 18 dpy ,oecpel] `"vxz
ail dcedi axd :df fexk lr mezg epi`y 'dcpwe dwixn`c miqwecezxe`d mipaxd zceb`'

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27

28

29

zexyr lk z` melk .30ceqid oxwa jenzl `xw ,xi`n awri axd ,ziy`xd zepaxa
dbxcna miaxd i`ihgn"e miryxk xicbn onxqe axd did elld mipaxd ze`ne
mznerl hlazdy `ed d"i`xd `weec ik xxazn jk oiae jk oia ?31"d`xep xzeid
zniiwd oxwa `l` dkinz mqxtl mikqd `l iawr ote`ae ,daxda 'xingd'y ink
ly miipeviwd eixac `ny diidzd dler o`k mihxetnd mipezpd jq xe`l .l`xyil
mr dlert seziyn erizxdl ick `l` eazkp `l 32iwqpiyec axl onxqe axd
aewpln rpnp ok` `ed jk iptn ile`e ,(sweza cbpzd dil`) ziy`xd zepaxd
.33d"i`xd ly enya yxetna

sqei axd ,uiaepw sqei axd ,oiihyt` lyit miig axd ,liixt xfril` axd ,hx`aiexb
axd ,jela wgvi miig axd ,xhiil slee a`f axd ,xaliq xfril` axd ,oiwprd edil`
zedzl yi ,minezgd ly bixgd oeebnde swidd xe`l ,mpn`) cere cere xvlf ail dcedi
ote`a ,dnecke 'mipaxd zceb`' ly dcirea zelew aexa xxye`y fexk df did `ny
exqnp dceb`d ixag lk zeny ok lre ,iehia icil `a `l micbpznd ly mlwyny
.(minezgk
,oldl r"re .ceqid oxwa jenzl `xewd e"txz elqk `"kn eazkn ,fr 'nr 'ux`d xve`' 'ir
.18 dxrd lirle
epa ozeg) h"txz onl onxqe axd ly epzegny `id ,df xywda ,xzeia zpiiprn dcaer
,inlyexid lr 'xi`n ipt' lrae wecxdaep c"a` uiaFA` xi`n axd ,(dgny xfril` axd
dil` zetxhvdl d`ixw lr b"txza mzg s`e "igxfnd" zrepzl xdvena jiizydy wx `l
did mb `l` ,(1-2 xeh ,g"iyz milyexi ,` jxk 'zizcd zepeivd ly dictelwivp`' :e`x)
miqgid lr .(`t 'nr ,28 dxrd lirl) !ceqid oxw cra xkfpd mipaxd fexk lr minezgd oia
axd ly dxirvd eza ikeciya mb axern did onxqe axdy dcaerd cirz zegtynd oia
zay zkqn 'xi`n ipt' ly melivd zxecdna ,onxqe axd zlk ,dzeg` zecr e`x) uiaea`
axd ly extq seqa eqtcp epzgl uiaea` axd iazkn .dncwdd seq ,[c"yg ,a"dx`]
.(hiw-fiw 'nr ,h"nyz `"z ,a jxk 'mixery uaew' ,onxqe
,cltppef miig sqei axd ly mipeznd eixac oial elld mixacd oia d`eeydd ztl`n
minxezd mininzd mze`" :oxwl minxezd lr zekf cnil ea ,`"txz zpyn eig`l azkna
i`cea ,dyecwd ux`a aeyid qeqiaa riiqle xefrl icka ,dxedh daig jezn ceqid oxwl
m` la` ,il reci `l ceqid oxw itqka dyrnl eynzyi dxhn efi` myl .devn mdl yiy
df ixd ,dyecwd ux` aeyi myl zepka mda eynzyi xy` zepn`p micil exqni mitqkd
icil e`iai xy` dl`k micia `vnidl gxken df ,xen`k mle` .dlecb devn ote` lka
'dnegd lr yi`d' ,yici`n mebxz) "'epvx`n epilb epi`hg iptn' [...] oaxeg icil `le aeyi
.(y"iir ,436 'nr ,d"lyz milyexi ,b wlg
l"pd y`xa cnerd" did `ed mb ,ceqid oxwa yxetna jnzy ,xi`n awri axdy zexnl
d"i`xd itlk miptenk onxqe axd ixac z` yxtl laewn z`f lka ,"[ziy`xd zepaxd=]
,d"vxz fenz h"ka eig`l onxqe axd glyy azknay `id zpiiprn dcaer ,jci`n .`weec
uaew') "?zrk eavn dne ,wew axd ly ezlgn `id dn" :`ad htynd x`yd oia riten
.(ckw 'nr a"g ,'zexb`e mixn`n

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h"txzn izkldd azknd

oxwa dkinz xevil ick d"i`xd ixac etief eay cigid mpn` did f"txzn fexkd
iehiak ehr ixt mixac bivdl zepeiqp eyrp okn xg`ly mipya mb j` ,ceqid
wegixa mixacd meqxt `ed mdl szeynd xy`k - ceqid oxwa dxiyi dkinzl
awri axd zkixra wxeieipa `viy ,'l`xyi lbc' ipxezd oegxia ,jk .d"i`xdn mewn
"micxgd oia dlenrzl zexikfnd" z`n drced h"txz zpya dqtcp ,iwqlewqi`
azkn 'l`xyi lbc'a meqxtl dxqn ef zexikfn .milyexia l"wwde ceqid oxw ly
ixacl .xg` mewn lka mqxtzd mxh azkndy dybcd jez ,d"i`xd z`n cgein
:`ed mixacd eazkp ea xywdd ,minqxtnd
mexzl dixag lk z` daiig dldwdy ,dtexi` ixrn zg`a dxwy dxwn
z` [e]`iade ,dlynnd ipta df cbp exrxr micbpznde ,ceqid oxw zaehl
ik mdl gikedl dldwd zldpdn eyxc mihteyd .htynd zia iptl xacd
[d"i`xd ly] l"pd daeyzd ceqi lre ,l`xyi ipicl m`zda dyrp xacd
.34mpica mi`kf dldwd ixag e`vi
iy`x cia riiql zpn lr azkp d"i`xd ly eazkn ,minqxtnd zprhl ,xnelk
seba oeir ,`wr `c !ceqid oxwl mexzl dixag lk lr zetkl idylk zitexi` dlidw
dxrd) lirl mixen`d mixacl dneca .zexg` zepwqn dlrn (oldl `aend) azknd
envr azkna oi` o`k mb ,wqpieecn odkd dgny xi`n axd ly eazkn zece` (27
ly dzelirt inegz aexl miihpeelx mpi` eay miwenipd ;ceqid oxw ly xekf` lk
jenzl daegde ux`d aeyii ly zillkd dlrnd xexiaa `l` wqer epi` `ede ,oxwd
dnikqdy zg` dldw" lr `l` xaecn `l azknl dnicwnd zxzeka s` .diayeia
qn df didy xikfdl ilan ,"dpipae l`xyi ux` aeyi myl qn dixag lr lihdl
l`xyi ux`a zipeivd dldpddy" wx xkfp azknd seq z`xwl .`weec ceqid oxwl
,ceqid oxwl zitivtq zeqgiizd `ll ,"l`xyi ux` aeyi ly mipipr daxda zwqer
,ok m` .zipeivd zexczqdl mitqkd qeib z` ldipy oepbpnd dzid ef oxw m` mb
dkinz df azkn deedn - xaca mirbepd - minqxtnd zprhly cera ik `vnp aey
.xkf jkl oi` mnvrlyk d"i`xd ixacay ixd ,ceqid oxwa zxdven
:e`elna oldl `aen ,f`n zipy qtcp mxh izrici ahinly ,df azkn
.[g"txz] d"a
zwfgdl dwcv dicigi lr lihdl dleki l`xyin dcr m` izl`yp xy`k
`ed oicd xy`k ,xaca wtq mey oi`y dfa aiydl ippd ,l`xyi ux` aeyi
`aa `xnba x`eank ,zay axra elit` dilr oipkynne dwcvd lr oiteky

jix`z .(ily dybcdd) 12-13 'nr [h"txz zah ,wxei eip] 11 oeilb a dpy 'l`xyi lbc'
.g"txz xii` 'e - zexikfnd azkn

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dkld miipr zepzn zekldn f"ta m"anxd azky enke ,'a cenr 'g sc `xza
oitek oic zia ,el ie`xy dnn hrn oziy e` ,dwcv ozil dvex epi`y in :'i
.zay iaxra elit` dwcvd lr oipkynne ,ozil edecn`y dn oziy cr eze`
dfd xacd m`e .'a sirqe '` sirq g"nx oniq drc dxei jexr oglya `ed oke
xacd ixdy ,l`xyi ux` wefgl dwcva xnege lw ,zewcvd lka bdep `ed
md l`xyi ux` iiprc ,`"px oniq c"ei sqei ziaa `aede ixtqa yxetn
e"w ,dilr oitek l"eg iiprl dwcva elit`y oeike .ux`l ueg iiprl oincew
ux` zaiyi ly daegde .diipre l`xyi ux` wefg liaya `idy dwcva
d`iade ,a"r i"w sc zeaezk `xnba opixn`cke ,c`n dlecb `id l`xyi
ux`a mc` xeci mlerl :a"i dkld d"t mikln zeklda dkld wqtl m"anxd
elit`e ux`l uega xeci l`e ,dxf dcear icaer daexy xira elit`e l`xyi
zayl epiehvpy :'c devna azk zevnd xtqa o"anxde .l`xyi daexy xira
onfa elit`e ,'epnn cg` lk [da] aiigzn zexecl dyr zevn `ide' ux`a
l`xyi lky dxeza lecb llk edfe .daxd zenewna cenlza recik zelb
zaiyi ly devnd z` miiw mnvra mileki mpi`y dl` ok lre .dfl df oiaxr
eli`k mdl aygie ,mwifgdle da miayeil riiql md miaiig ,l`xyi ux`
mnvra miiwl zexyt`d mdl oi`y onf lk l`xyi ux`a mnvra miayei
aiigl dleki l`xyin dcr lky `ed heyt ok lre .z`fd dlecbd devnd z`
lkl dlilge ,diayei wefge l`xyi ux` aeyi zaehl dwcv ozil dcigi z`
yxetd aygp oi`hegay rexb xzeidne .xeavd on envr z` yextl cigi
myke .`"i dkld b"t daeyz zeklda m"anxd azky enk ,xeav ikxcn
devn xac lkle lirene aeh xac lkl micigid z` jixcdl jixv xeavdy
ipipra ,xeavd on envr yexti `l cigi meyy xcql `ed jixv ok ,zillk
enke ,diayei wefge l`xyi ux`l zrbepd dwcv ly mipipra e"we llka dwcv
dldpddy ,lkl ielbd xacd z` yigkdl lkei `l mc` meye .izazky
`linne ,l`xyi ux` aeyi ly mipipr daxda zwqer l`xyi ux`a zipeivd
.l`xyi ux` zwcv llka zellkp od dizeqpkdy oaen
wew odkd wgvi mdxa` 'wd ,g"dr`a wcve zn` ze`le

xvln onlf xqi` axd mr szeyn fexk

i`pw ly mzricil dxdna `aed (oileta mqxety gqepa) f"txzn fexk eze`y itk
mr mb rxi` jk ,"ceqi el oi`y oxw"a jnez d"i`xd ik oerhl efxcfdy ,milyexi
z` bxcyl mi`pwd exdin l"pd zxzeka eneqxt zeawra :h"txzn azknd
.(oldl 'ir) "ceqid oxwl dwcvd lr oitek"y wqt d"i`xd ik oerhle mdizeny`d
ik ,dpexg`l wx dzlredy ,dprh ly sqep dxwnl epze` d`ian ef dcaer
mgpn 'text azk mipy xtqn iptl .ceqid oxwa dkinz fexk lr mzg ok` d"i`xd
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"l`xyi zceb`" i`pw e`vi f` ,`"vxz sxega ygxzdy rexi` zece` oncixt
rwxd .d"i`xd itlk cgeina sixg lieewyta iela mxnr 'x my`xae zinlyexid
awri `a` axde xvln onlf xqi` axd ,d"i`xd ly szeyn fexk did dtwzdl
i`al `xw xy`e ,lfaa 17d ipeivd qxbpewd qepik z`xwl mqxety ,aekexea
,ef dywa cva ;dnecke zay lelig zripnl mzrtyd z` elirtiy eikneze qepikd
.35"ceqid oxwl mexzl d`ixw" mb fexka drited ,oncixt 'text azek
oikeniq eixacl `ian epi` oncixt 'text ;llk mixexa mpi` mixacd dyrnl j`
lieewyt eze`l `id dyxtd zece` eixaca dritend dcigid diptdde ,mdylk
`l` ,xaecnd fexkd z` eipira d`x `l oncixt 'texty d`xp .mi`pwd enqxty
ea - icbpd lieewytd znbec miliawn zexewna ritend rcin itl epkez z` xriy
`l` - "ceqid oxwl dwcvd lr oitek" wqt d"i`xdy dprhd x`yd oia driten ok`
.36liaw ixehqid xewn deedn epi` xacd oaenky
dnqxtzpy ,xvln onlf xqi` axd ly ciazk zniyxa `vnp ef dyxtl gitq
zcnlnd ,`"vxz zpyn ianet zrc ielib ly dheiha xaecn .zecg` mipy iptl
ceqid oxwa dkinz dyexit fexk eze` lr dnizgd ik epiady eid ok`y epze`
:jk epi` xacdy xidan xvln axd j` - (da `veike)
dyixca ,zeipeivd zepxwl minxezl d`ixw lr dl` minia iznzgy zeid
ik il xxazpy zeide ,zetxh ilke`e zay illgn z` mitqkda jenzl `ly
ippd okl ,el`d zepxwd zevigp mvr z` zxy`n ef iznizg ik erhi daxd
el`d zepxwdny onf lky ,dzr mb ok f`nk ,ip` izrc ik dfa xidvn
mda jenzl xeq` ,'eke i"x`a zepine dxitk miyixynd xtqd iza zeknzp
mbe dyecwd epzxez miaixgn md miriiqnde miknezde .xac meya mxfrle
miknezd dl`n ywal wx ef iznizga iztxhvpy `l` .aeyid miqxdn
z` el`d zepxwd enhti l`y ritydl elczyi t"dkly el`d zepxwda
.37dnecke zay illgnae h"ep milik`n migahna l`xyi

.20 'nr ,d"qyz aia` lz ,'milieewyt' :jeza ,"zicxgd dxaga xiw zercene milieewyt"
.337 'nr ,g"lyz milyexi ,'zce dxag' extq mb e`x
zxzeka d"i`xd z`n fexk qtcp ,ceqid oxwl xeyrl ycwend oeilba ,dpy dze`a
aeyiide ,ux`de mrd zexxerzd jildz x`ezn eae ,`"vxz ixyz ,"ycewd iwnrnn"
`"i 'mlerd') cg`zdle ycewd ceqi lr zelertd z` zizydl d`ixw jez ,hxta ycgd
ceqid oxw ly edylk yxetn xekf` oi` ,o`k mb .(900 'nr [45 oeilb 18 dpy] `"vxz oeeyg
oxwa dkinzl mixg` miyi` ly zeyxetn ze`ixw enqxtzp jenqay s` lr ,xg` seb e`
.(926 'nr [47 oeilb] `"vxz oeeyg f"k 'mlerd' ,ely sqep xn`n mb e`x)
.`"vxz xc` '` :fexkd lr xvln axd ly eznizg jix`z .624 'nr ,'ycew zexb`e miazkn'
oxw wx dyrnl mle` ,"xtqd iza zeknzp el`d zepxwdny" miax oeyla azek `ed
ditlk oeekn ezecbpzd xwir mb lretay jk ,jepig zecqenl miaivwz dzptd ceqid
'text wqr da - eixaca zxkfpd d`ixwd z` .(d`ad dxrda 'ire) l"wwd cbpk `le `weec

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xeaivd on wlg axwa ddinz ly zeaebz zeawra d`xpd itk dazkp ef dxdad
axde d"i`xd ,xvln axd z`n szeynd fexkd meqxt xg`l exxerzdy ,inlyexid
d`ixw szeynd fexka dzid `l ok`y xxazn xvln axd ly eixacn .aekexea
mipt lk lry ipeivd qxbpewd i`ae oxwd inxezl d`ixw `l` ,ceqid oxwa jenzl
.38zexyk izla zexhnl ribn epi` mtqky jk lr ecnri

meiq ixac
,ezxiht xg`l ode eiiga od ,zeax minrt dtleq l"vf wew d"i`xd ly ekxc
ly ezprh ik wtq lkl xarn gked lirly mixaca .cifna mizirle bbeya mizirl
wnip dzervn`ay dprh ,ceqid oxwa jenzl `xw d"i`xdy c"id onxqe opgl` iax
zerha - ziy`xd zepaxd oial zicxgd dcrd oia dlert seziyl ezecbpzd z`
mrt `l hwp ,aeyiid zecqen len eirbna ,d"i`xdy `id zixehqidd zn`d .dceqi
dibeqa `hazny itk - exec ipa mixg` mipaxn xzei 'dxingn'e dtiwz dcnr
.epiptly

dfl c`n dnec fexka xaecny xazqn mle` ;xz`l izglvd `l dzr zrl - oncixt
d"i`xd `xw ea ,(426 'nr a"g 'd"i`xd zexve`'a aeye) `"vxz oqip 'cdd'a mqxety
`eal zekixvy ,zcd megza zeyixc zxcq aivdl "`eal aexwd ipeivd qxbpewd" z`xwl
oxwl xekf` fexka oi` ik oiivl xzenl .ux`d oipal dxfrde "zixnegd dacpd" mr cgi
.xg` inyx cqen lkl `l mbe ,ceqid
- mixkfpd mipaxd zyely h"txz zpya enqxty dnec ianet azkn 'ir ,d`eeydl
mitebd iy`xl d`ixwa ,xi`n awri axd mr cgi ,aekexea axde xvln axd ,d"i`xd
zeknzpd zeayende zeveawd el` lkl dpexg` d`xzd gelyl cin eli`ezy" miipeivd
z`e mkzkinz z` mdn ewiqtz if` ycewde zcd lelg z` ewiqti `l m`ay ,mkici lr
migxken didp if` ,mkcvn mirnyp eidi `l dl` epixac m` .llka mdil` mkiqegi
wifzy zexnl [...] dl` epvx`e epnr iaixgn itlk obn znglna z`vl lecbd epxrvl
,cere [fl oeilb h dpy] h"txz a` 'b 'xezd'a qtcp) "ycgd aeyiid z` zewifgnd zepxwl
.(90 'nr ,q"yz milyexi ,'d"i`xd ifexk'a aeye

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