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Determination of Friction

Factor

M.V.HARISH BABU
MANOJ KUMAR TRIPATHI
MEDARAMETLA KRISHNA KALYAN
MOHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN

EXPERIMENT 1
BATCH 1 GROUP 4
Aim

To determine the Friction Factor in case of water


flowing through Galvanized (G.I) and P.V.C pipes.
Apparatus
 1 inch G.I pipe
 1 inch P.V.C pipe
 Nipples (short and long)
 Ball valves
 Manometer
 Bucket
 Scale
 Stop watch
Theory
 The Darcy Weisbach equation relates the head loss or
pressure loss due to friction along a given length of pipe
to the average velocity of the fluid flow.
 The Darcy Weisbach equation is a phenomenological
formula which is obtainable by dimensional analysis.
 The Darcy Weisbach equation contains a
dimensionless factor called as the Darcy’s Friction
Factor.
Contd.

Where
 hf is the head loss or pressure loss.
 L is the length of the pipe.
 D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe(=4A/S).
 V is the average velocity of fluid flow(=Q/A).
 f is the Darcy’s Friction Factor.
Contd.

 The friction factor f is not a constant and depends on the


parameters of the pipe and the velocity of the fluid flow.
 It may be evaluated for given conditions by the use of
various empirical or theoretical relations, or it may be
obtained from published charts. These charts are often
referred to as Moody diagrams.
Experimental Setup
Procedure

 An inverted U tube manometer is connected between


two points on the pipe as shown in the figure. Here,
the manometric fluid is water.
 Difference in level of water in the two limbs of the
manometer gives the pressure difference between
those two points.
 Flow rate of water, Q is determined by measuring the
water flowing out in a given interval of time, say 10
seconds.
Video
Observations
For G.I. Pipe
Diameter of the pipe ,D = 2.54 cm
Cross Sectional Area, A = 5.0645 cm2

S.No. hf x10-2 ln hf Flow rate, Qx10-4 Velocity ln v


(in m) ( in m3/s) ( in m/s)
1 3.8 -3.27 2.61 0.516 -0.661

2 6.0 -2.85 3.29 0.649 -0.431

3 9.5 -2.35 4.14 0.817 -0.201

4 16 -1.76 5.37 1.061 0.058

5 21 -1.56 6.15 1.214 0.193

6 30.4 -1.19 7.39 1.460 0.378


Plot(G.I. Pipe)

Intercept: -1.9477
So,
ln (f L/2Dg)= -1.9477

 f = 0.038
P.V.C Pipe
For P.V.C. Pipe,
Diameter of the pipe, D= 2.5 cm
Area of the pipe, A= 4.906 cm2
S.No. hf x10-2 ln hf Flow rate, Q Velocity ln v
(in m) X10-4( in m3/s) ( in m/s)
1 13.5 -2.002 5.544 1.13 0.119

2 19.2 -1.650 6.574 1.34 0.296

3 22.1 -1.480 7.064 1.44 0.366

4 26.9 -1.112 7.800 1.59 0.464

5 36.1 -1.018 9.076 1.85 0.612

6 41.2 -0.886 9.665 1.97 0.678


Plot (P.V.C pipe)

 Intercept = -2.213
So,
ln (f L/2Dg)= -2.213

 f = 0.0286
Result

 Darcy’s friction factor, obtained for


1). G.I. Pipe : f=0.0383
2). PVC Pipe : f=0.0286

 Values expected from Moody’s Plot:


For Reynolds No. of the order of 104 ,
In case of G.I. pipe, f = 0.032
In case of PVC pipe, f = 0.020
Results(contd.)

• Moody’s plot :
Contd.

• When friction factor is plotted against Reynolds No., for a


GI pipe, following plot was obtained and it is very much in
agreement with the actual Moody’s chart, for the order of
Reynolds No. around 104

0.038
0.03799
Friction Factor

0.03798
0.03797
0.03796
0.03795
0.03794
0.03793
0.03792
0.03791
0 20000 40000
Reynolds No.
Thank You

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