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MUSEUM NOTES
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(See Plate I)
The sack of Naxos on the eve of the Marathon expedition in 490 b.c.
and her subjugation to a decade of Persian rule marks the end of the
archaic coinage of the island.1 Her independence restored at the close
of the Persian Wars, Naxos came under Athenian influence, and her
ill-fated revolt of 466 b.c. resulted in absolute Athenian control.2 Thus
the Naxian mint remained inactive until it was reopened at the end
of the fifth century. In the archaic period, however, Naxos was a
powerful island. Largest of the Aegean Cyclades and situated in
their center, she could field 8,000 hoplites and commanded a sizeable
fleet.3 Her substantial coinage comprised staters and fractions in
silver which may be described as follows :
Obv. Kantharos, surmounted by an ivy leaf; below
handles, 1. and r., a pendant bunch of grapes.
Rev. Incuse square, shallow and quadripartite. Plate I, 1-3.
The attribution of these coins to Naxos rests on a secure foundation.
certain coins.
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2 A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
In the stater series two major varieties of obverse type are known.
of grapes below the handles as well as the ivy wreath (Plate I, i).
If this piece represents an early and formative stage of the design, the
large group of obverse dies with plain bowl and pendant grapes marks
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Greece such as Aigina (Plate I, 5 and 6).8 The Naxian type of incuse
region that began operation in the second half of the sixth century
(Plate I, 7) Aside from Aglaosthenes' notion that the Naxians invented coins,10 which is patently mistaken, there is no reason to
place the beginning of the Naxian coinage earlier than those of the
silver-producing regions of Thrace and Macedonia. Moreover, the
tyranny of Lygdamis at Naxos in the third quarter of the sixth
century is precisely the period in which one might expect the opening
of the island's mint. Lygdamis owed his power to the support of his
fellow tyrant Peisistratos,11 and as a contemporary of the Athenian
ruler, the foundation of his mint should be placed well within the
third quarter of the sixth century, in the 54o's or later.
The relative number of dies in the unwreathed and wreathed series
adds evidence for the dating of the latter group. As may be seen from
New York, 1953) 50_5L who suggests that the Macedonian series began at the
end of the seventh or the beginning of the sixth century.
10 Quoted by Pollux, Onomasticon , 9:83 = FGrHist, no. 499, frag. 7.
11 After his second restoration Peisistratos helped Lygdamis to become tyrant
of Naxos, Herodotus, 1 : 64 and Polyaenus, 1 : 23 : 2. Lygdamis was not the first
tyrant of Naxos, Aristotle, Pol., p. 1305 a, but he was a keen business man,
Aristotle, Oec., p. 1346 b. He appears to have been deposed by the Spartans
about 520, Schol. ap. Aeschines 2, sec. 80, p. 56 (Dindorff) and Plutarch, De
Her . Malig., 21 == Mor alia, 859 d.
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4 A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
The reason for the adoption of the new design at this time is not
difficult to find. In 500 b.c., Aristgoras, tyrant of Miletos, incited the
Persians to attack Naxos.12 A timely warning, however, and a stubborn defense by the islanders were sufficient to repulse the invasion
after a siege of six months. This campaign, on the eve of the Ionian
revolt, was the first Greek victory of the Persian Wars.
The wreath which appears on the coins of the Naxians at this time
was in every respect a fitting celebration of their triumph, for the
crown was the symbol of victory and the mark of rejoicing.13 Statues
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also adorned with a leaf crown. However, this victory crown did not become
a permanent element in Syracusan coin design.
17 Two drachms were found in the Myt-Rahineh hoard, S. P. Noe, A Bibliography of Greek Coin Hoards 2 (NNM 78, New York, 1937) - hereafter referred
to as Noe - no. 722, A. de Longprier, RN (1861) 421.
18 Taranto, Noe no. 1052, our catalogue no. 3. There is, of course, some question
whether these coins were found together or in two separate parcels. Benha elAsl, Noe no. 143, our catalogue no. 4.
19 Sakha, Noe no. 888, our catalogue no. 24. Doubt has been expressed whether
all the coins said to be from this hoard were actually found together (C. M.
Kraay, NC, 1956, 49), but if the contents is accepted as published, the Cyrenaic
material suggests that the hoard was buried after 480. Cf. ZfN , 22 (1900) pl. 8,
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6 A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
22 One is the stater in London with the head of a satyr on the obv., NC (1884)
pl. 12, 17, Babelon, Trait , 2: i, pl. 62, 4. Thecoin is often attributed to Naxos,
e.g. H. A. Cahn, Die Mnzen des Sikilischen Stadt Naxos (Basel, 1944) 37, but
the attribution is uncertain. The second coin is in Copenhagen, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Ar golis- Aegean Islands (1944) no. 628. Its obverse is just as
Finally, an unwreathed Naxian stater from the Weber Collection, our catalogue
no. 6 a, is identified as coming from the Santorin Find.
23 VC (1843-1844) 133-134. A reconstruction of the contents was attempted
by W. Wroth, NC (1884) 269-280.
24 NC (1842-1843) 176-178.
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15. Hirsch 21, 1908 (Weber), no. 2229, Hirsch 34, 1914,
no. 460, Naville 4, 1922 (Grand Duke - Evans),
no. 652, Naville 10, 1925, no. 624. 12.40 gr.
16. Naville I, 1921 (Pozzi), no. 2043, Naville 10, 1925,
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8 A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
22. Dorotheum, March 1957 (Zeno 3), no. 3913. 12.30 gr.
Obv. Kantharos, surmounted by an ivy leaf ; below
23. Gotha. Demanhur Hoard. ZfN, 37 (1927) 60, no. 79. 11.86 gr.
24. Sakha Hoard. NC (1899) 275, no. 11, Forrer, The
Weber Collection , no. 4680, Florance-Ciani, Collection de monnaies grecques H. de Nanteuil (Paris,
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123
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