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A

SEMINAR
ON
DRUG ADDICTION
Presented By:
CONTENTS
• An introduction to Drug Addiction
• Characteristics of Drug Addiction
• Causes of Drug Addiction
• Types of Drugs and there effects
• Signs and symptoms of Drug Addicts
• Drug Addictions – In teenagers
• How to recognize drug abuse in teenagers?
• Steps to prevent the use of drugs among teenagers
• Addiction treatment – Past and present
• Conclusions
WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?

• Drug addiction brings a negative feeling


• Various stigmas attached to them
• Drug addicts do not care about anything
• Now a days many drug addicts maintain
a normal functioning life.
DEFINITIONS OF DRUG
ADDICTION

• According to world health organization


“Drug addiction is a State of Periodic or Chronic
intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of
drug”.
• According to George. F. Koob
“Addiction is a compulsion to take a drug without
control over he intake and chronic relapse disorder”.
MISCONCEPTIONS
• Drug addicts need drugs daily.
• When stopped using drugs, people go through some
withdrawal symptoms.
• People who use drugs are unemployed, poor or from
thinner city.
• But this all is not true to a limit.
• Many drug addicts do not use drugs daily.
• Do not experience physical withdrawal when stop using it.
• Majority of drug addicts are employed.
• They function normally.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG
ADDICTION

• Loss of control
• Compulsive pre-occupation
• Continued use despite negative
consequences
MAIN CAUSES OF DRUG
ADDICTION

• The Drug
• The Addict
• The Environment
TYPES OF DRUGS AND THERE
EFFECTS
• Cannabis
• Inhalants
• Cocaine
• Other Stimulants
• Depressants
• Narcotics
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
CANNABIS
• Have a negative physical and mental effect.
• Physical effects like
 Increase in heart rate
 Blood shot eyes
 Dry mouth and throat
 Increased appetite
• Its use can reduce short term memory
• Alter sense of time
• Lack of concentration and co-ordination

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?


Marijuana Pot, Reefer, Grass, Wd, Like dried parsley, with Smoked or eaten
Dope and Ganja stems and/ or seeds;
rolled into cigarettes
Hashish Hash Brown or black cakes or Smoked or eaten
balls
Hashish Oil Hash Oil Concentrated syrupy Smoked – mixed
liquid varying in color with tobacco
from clear to black
INHALANTS
• Immediate negative effects
– Nausea, sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds, fatigue, lack of co-ordination
etc.
• Solvents and aerosol spray decrease the heart rate.
• Its use in large amount can cause violent behaviour,
unconsciousness or death.
Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?
Nitrous Laughing gas or Small 8-gram metal cylinder Vapors inhaled
Oxide Whippets sold with a balloon or pipe
propellant for whipped cream
in aerosol spray can
Amyl Poppers or Snappers Clear yellowish liquid Vapors inhaled
Nitrite
Butyl Rush, Bold, Bullet, In small bottles Vapors inhaled
Nitrite Locker Room, and
Climax
COCAINE
• Stimulates central nervous system
• Immediate effects
• Dilated pupils
• Elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature.
• Occasional use cause a runny nose.
• Injecting it with contaminated equipment can cause aids.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?

Cocaine Coke, snow, nose candy, White crystalline powder Inhaled, injected
flake, blow, big C, lady,
white and snowbirds

Crack Crack, rock, freebase White to tan pellets or Smoked


cocaine crystalline rocks that look like
soap
OTHER STIMULANTS
• Can cause increased heart and respiratory rates.
• Elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, decreased appetite.
• Users may experience sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness,
sleeplessness and anxiety.
• High doses can cause irregular heartbeat tremors, loss of co-ordination and
even physical collapse.
• These symptoms usually disappear when drug use ceases.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?


Ampheta Speed, uppers, Ups, Capsules, pills, tablets Taken orally,
mines black beauties, Pep pills, injected, inhaled
Copilots, Bumblebees,
Hearts, Benzedrine,
Dexedrine, Footballs and
Biphetamine
Additional Ritalin, cylert, prludin, Pills or capsules Taken orally,
stimulants didrex, pre-state, voranil, injected
sandrex and plegine
DEPRESSANTS
• Effects are similar to the effects of alcohol.
• Small amount can produce calmness.
• Large doses can cause slurred speech, staggering gait and altered perception.
• Very large doses can cause respiratory depression, coma and death.
• Its regular use can result in physical and psychological addiction.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it


used?
Barbiturates Dpwners, barbs, blud Red, yellow, blue, or red Taken orally
devils, red devils, and blue capsules
yellow jacket, yellows,
Nmbutal, Tuinals,
Seconal, and amytal
Methaqualone Qualudes, Ludes, Tablets Taken orally
Sopors
Tranquilizers Valium, Librium, Tablets or capsules Taken orally
miltown, serax, equanil,
miltown,and Tranxene
NARCOTICS
• Produce a feeling of Euphoria.
• Causes drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.
• User may experience watery eyes, itching.
• Overdose may cause slow breathing, clammy skin, convulsion, coma and
death.
• Addiction in pregnant women can lead to premature, still born as addicted
infants.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?


Heroin Smack, horse, mud, White to dark-brown Injected,
brown sugar, junk, black powder or tar-like smoked, or
tar, and big h substance inhaled
Codeine Empirin compound with Dark liquid varying in Taken orally,
codeine, Tylenol with thickness, capsules, tablets injected
codeine, codeine in
cough medicine
Morphine Pectoral syrup White crystals, hypodemic Taken orally,
tablets, or inject able injected, or
solutions smoked
Opium Paregoric, dover’s Dark brown chunks, powder Smoked, eaten,
powder, parepctolin or injected
ALCOHOL
• Causes a number changes in
behaviour.
• Low doses can increase variety of
aggressive acts like spouse and
child abuse.
• Very high doses can causes
respiratory depression and death.
• Continued use can lead to
dependence.
• Sudden cessation in it can
produce withdrawal symptoms
like severe anxiety, tremors,
hallucinations, and convulsion.
• Permanent damage to vital organs
such as brain and liver.
TOBACCO
• Chief cause of death in our society.
• Smokers suffer from various heart
diseases.
• Some 170000 die each year from
smoking.
• Kidney cancers also strike smokers
at increased rate.
• Some 30% cancer deaths (130000
per year) are linked to smoking.
• Various lungs diseases are 10 times
more likely to occur among smokers
than non smokers.
• Smoking during pregnancy also
posis serious risks.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
DRUG ADDICTS
• Anger
• Talking about drugs
• Prefer to stay alone
• Wearing sunglasses and full sleeves shirts at all times.
• No longer spending time with friends who don’t use drugs.
• Change in mood, eating and sleeping habbits.
• Talk rudely and make in appropriate remarks.
DRUG ADDICTION -
IN TEENAGERS
“As a teenagers,
the likelihood
that you will be
exposed to
drugs and
alcohol is very
high.”
HOW TO RECOGNISE DRUG
ABUSE IN TEENAGERS?
• SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
– Active dislike for school
– Makes excuses to stay at home
– Drop in performance
• PHYSICAL HEALTH
– Listlessness
– Apathy
– Reduced self care
• APPEARANCE
• PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR
• MONEY
• ALWAYS COME LATE AT
NIGHT
STEPS TO PREVENT THE
USE OF DRUGS AMONG
TEENAGERS
• Normalizing Abstention
• Assertiveness Training
• Building self confidence and self
worth
• Parental Education
• Communication at Home
ADDICTION TREATMENTS –
PAST AND PRESENT

• In the past drug addiction was a moral flaw.


• Popular treatments involved imprisonment,
sentencing to asylums, church guided
prayers etc.
• These methods were ineffective.
• Modern treatments are based on scientific
research.
• Today’s methods are very effective.
• 40 – 70% of the patients remain drug free.
TREATMENTS

• Detoxification
• The challenge of treating drug addiction in jail.
• Behavioural therapy
• Relaxation Therapy
• Counselling
• Meditation
CONCLUSIONS –
What we must do about drugs?
• Toughen penalties against all those
who makes profit from drug trade.
• Prevention in schools
• Road Safety
• Expansion of residential treatment
programmes
• Tighten up the laws of selling and
promoting tobacco and alcohol.
• Encourage drug free culture.
THIS IS YOUR BRAIN
ON DRUG –
ANY QUESTIONS?

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