usaemfeSifh (unif'Hk) wkdufyJG?

(ref;a&mbwf bZef)

(Serve the People)(jynfolhtusdK;aqmif=u)

(awmfvSefa&;qkdwm rdrdukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;twGufr[kwf/ trsdK;om;twGufay;qyfjcif;jzpfonf)
(ref;bZef)

(1980-1984) 0ef;usifumvrsm;?
1980ckeSpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif A[kdXmecsKyf/ (rmeJyavm) wGiftrsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk
(NDF) (National Democratic Front) rS OD;pD;zGifhvpfaom yXr t f=udrfajrmuf Akdvfoifwef;okdh
wyfr[m(&)rSa&G;cs,fapvGwfaom Akdvfoifwef;okdh wyf&if; (23) rS oifwef;om;(5)OD; ukd a&G;cs,fapvGwf
vkdufonf?xkdpOfu topfzJGhpnf;vkdufaom wyf&if; (23)wGif wyf&if;rSL; AkdvfvGD;/ (qHk;) ppfa=umif;rSL; (rdrd)/
wyfa&;Akdvf =uD;*k%fa&SGref;/(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wyfcJGrSL; Akdvfarmifat; (DKBA) wkdhjzifhpwifzJGhpnf;onf?
Akdvfoifwef;okdh apvGwfjcif;cH&aom&Jabmf (5) OD;rSm (pma&;ol)/ wyfa&; Akdvf-uD; *k%fa&SGref;/ wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf
armifat;/ &Jabmfoef;jzL eSifh &JabmftefaxmfeD (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wkdhjzpfonf?
wyfr[m&Hk;xkdifrSL;ukdrdrdwkdhwyf&if;rSoifwef;om;pm&if;ukday;jyD; oifwef;twGufvkdtyfaomppf0wfpHk
rsm;/pmtkyf/pma&;u&d,mrsm;eSifh oifwef;pm&dwfrsm;ukd wyfaxmufxHoGm;xkwfonf?xkdpOfu wyf&if;(19)
wyf&if; (20)/wyf&if;(21)wyfr[m(&)XmecsKyfrS trsdK;orD;oifwef;olrsm; eSifh (KNDO)wyf&if;(5)rS oif
wef;om;rsm;ukdawGhonf?
rmeJyavm ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfokdha&mufaomf wyfr[m(1)/ wyfr[m(2)/ wyfr[m(3)/ wyf&if;(10)(xkdpOf
u wyfr[m 4 rjzpfao;)/wyfr[m (6)/ (KNDO) XmecsKyf/A[kdppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSoifwef;om;/oifwef;ol
rsm;tjyif/ &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;/ u&ifeDwyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;eSifh &Srf;
jynfwyfrawmfrSAkdvfavmif;trsdK;orD;eSifhtrsdK;om; pkpkaygif;(120)OD;wufa&mufonf? oifwef;ausmif;tkyf
-uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;(N.Zaw Tan)(ucsif)/ 'kwd,ausmif;tkyf=uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;apmodef; (u&if/uG,fvGef)/ enf;jy
csKyfrSmAkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrl( atmifqef;eSifhtwlvufeufcs)/ AkdvfrSL;xGef;wif (uG,fvGef)/ tjcm; oifwef; rSL;
rsm;rSm Akdvfa&mhuuf/(vuf&Sdoifwef;rSL;csKyf)Akdvfaoa*;/(wyf&if;202 wyf&if;rSL;)/q&m&pfuD(Ricky)(uGef
ref'kd)/ref;aiGatmif(AkdvfrSL;aomoD) jrdKhjyajymufusm;tzJGheSifh ygoGm;jyD;brf;qD;cHae&ol) rsm;jzpfonf/ (wjcm;
oifwef;q&mrsm;&Sdao;onf/ rrSwfrdawmhyg)?
rSwfcsuf?
pma&;oleSifhtwltygwfpOfwckxJ Akdvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSmrSwfrdoavmuf=
AkdvfueJrD; wyfr[m(&)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfvSa0/(101)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfxGef;xGef;/wyf&if;(10)/
(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)Akdvfazg'kd/ (101) ,ck wyf&if;(101)wyf&if;rSL;/ Akdvfusm; wyfr[m(2)/ AkdvfrloDGa*g(wyf
&if;(10)/ AkdvfvGrf;xl; jrwf/wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfrlu,f wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfavm&ifh (lawrance)(101)(wwd
 (2)
, ekdifiH a&muf)/Akdvf[efpdef (101) (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/ Akdvfua&mu&/ wyf&if; (10) (vufeufcs) Akdvfoif
wef;Y ppfa&;eSifhygwfoufaombmom&yfrsm;= ppfa&;jy/ vufeuf-uD;vufeufi,f ypfenf;/ jzKwfenf;/wkduf
yJGppfrSKa&;&m/ ajymufusm;ppf/vSKyf&Sm;ppf/ ekdifiHa&;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&; ekdifiHa&;vrf;pOf/
vkyfief;pOf/ ppfa&;vrf;pOf/ pnf;&Hk;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ ajr,mvr;fpOf/ qufoG,fa&;bmom&yf/ wyfaygif;pk/ w
&m;a&;/ vlhtcGifhta&; ponfhbmom&yfrsm;ukd (6)vwkdifwufa&mufoif-um;cJh-uonf?
oifwef;umvrsm;twGif vufawGhwkdufyJG0if&ef (vSdKif;bJGjrdKhe,f)&Sd (waum)wkdufyJGwGifvufawGhoGm;
wkduf&onf? Akdvfavmif;wyfzJGhtm; wyfpkeSpfpkzJGhvkdufonf? wyfpk(1)tm;(pma&;ol)tkyfcsKyfjyD; wyfpk(2)tm;
AkdvfueJrD; (-opa-wvD;,m;ekdifiHa&muf)rStyk fcsKyfonf? pkpkaygif;Akdvfavmif;(60)vufawGhwkdufyJG0if-uonf?
pufavSeSpfpD;eSifh (r,foa0g)txdoGm;jyD;/ armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh (&Srf;&Gmopf) txdykdhonf? xkdaemuf ajcvsif
a&Smuf-uonf? (wa&zkd;uDG;)a&mufawmh vufeuf-uD;oHrsm;-um;ae&ygjyD;?tjrefcsDwuf&eftrdefha&mufvm
onf? rdrdwyfpk&Hk;wGif (60)rrwvuf/ AHk;oD; (50)ygonf/{nfh&Jabmf (okdrDG;) 0efxef;(3)a,muf ygonf?
wyfae&mcsrnfhae&mra&mufrSD AkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrleSifh AkdfvfvSa0 wkdh. vufeuf-uD;tzJGheSifhawGhonf?
xkdrSwqifh wyf&if;(19)/ wyfcJG (3) Akdvf-uD;atmifvif;tzJGh-um; ae&mvyfwGif wyfcsckdif;onf? &Jabmfrsm;ukd
ae&mcsonf/ eSpfa,mufwusif; wl;onf/ &efolhtvmukdapmifhonf? xrif;rpm;&ao;/ a&bl;xJY a&om&Sd
onf? xrif;xkwfa&mufvmonf? xrif;xkwfukdpm;bkdhzGifhawmh okd;eefhxGufvmonf? rxl;ygbl; bkdufjynfh
bkhtd a&;-uD;w,f? wxkwfvHk;ukefatmifpm;jyD;bkdufjznfhvkdufonf?
av,OfoH-um;vmonf/ aemufrdrdacgif;ay:wnfhwnfha&mufvmonf? rdrdwkdh.wyfwnfae&mukd vm
&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ (PC-6) av,OftrsdK;tpm;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? &efolvufeuf-uD;rsm;rdrdwkdhae&mrsm;
okdhypfcwfvmygjyD;/ ypfusif;xJYae&ef nGef-um;csufa&mufvmygjyD;/ eSpfa,muf ypfusif; wl;xm;aomfvnf;
(Overhead) rvkyfekdifyg?vufeuf-uD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ypfcsaeonf?(&5)rraemufyGifh &kdifz,feSifh (120)
rr pdefajymif;-uD;jzpfonf?(waum) &efolhpcef;ukdwkdufaeonfhtzJGhrS eSpf&ufqufwkdufypfaeonf?pDrHcsuf
twkdif; &efolhppfulukdwkduf&efra0;awmhyg? vufeuf-uD;ypfcwfrSKa-umifh AkdvfueJrD;wyfpk&Sd wyfr[m (3)rS
Akdvfavmif;wOD;usqHk;oGm;onf?
aiGvrif;oDw*lonf0if;y xdefvif;aeonf?ukduf(50)twGif;aumif;pGmjrifae&onf? (xGD[JvD;/uGmar
xD;) (&efolvmjyD; aoaocsmcsm-unfh) [k Akdvf-uD;atmifvif;xHrSmnGef-um;csuf a&mufvmonf?rdrdvnf;
(60)rrpdefajymif;ypf&eftoifh&SdaejyD;? 0efxrf;rsm;ukd AHk;oD;jcif;rsm; rdrdxH,lcJh&efeSifh 4if;wkdhypfusif;xJYjyef ae
&efnGef-um;vkdufonf?
r-umvkdufyg rdrd.nmawmifyHY aoewfpaygufawmhonf? rdrdta&ShrSmvnf;wkd;vmygjyD; r-umrSD ao
ewfoHrsm;qlnHoGm;awmhonf? rdrda&ShypfcwfrSKjzpfaeaom&efolhae&mokdh (60)rr pdefajymif; oD; wvHk;jyD; w
vHk; ypfxnfhaeonf? &efolqkwfoGm;onf/ &efolhae&mwuf&Sif;onf? &efol(4) avmif;ukdawGhonf/ umbkdif
wvufeSifh (BA) (63)(64)oHk;vufukdwyf&if;(19)rS&Jabmfrsm; aumufvmonf?
&efolqkwfoGm;onf/ rdrd&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkdufppfonf? rdrdwyfpk&Sd u&ifeDwyfrawmfrSAdkvfavmif;
wOD; '%f&m&onf?rysif;xef/vrf;avsmufekdifonf? aemufr-umrSDqkwfrdefha&mufvmonf?tpDtpOftwkdif;
 (3)
qHk&yfokdhqkwfvm-uonf? aemufaeh oifwef;ausmif;okdhjyefa&mufonf? wkdufyJGoHk;oyfcsufrsm;vkyfonf?
ukd,fwkdif OD;pD;wkduf&onfhwkdufyJGr[kwf/ pyfuloufoufjzpfonf/ xkdwkdufyJG.wkdufenf;AsL[monf (&efol
pcef;ukd a,mifjywkdufjyD; ppfulukdwkdufonfhAsL[m)jzpfonf[kavhvmod&Sdvkdufonf?
oifwef;qufwufonf? uwkwfusif; vufawGhwl;&onf?(avmuGm;vl) tcsufjyqufoG,fa&;Xme
awmifukef;xdyfY uwkwf-uD;wl;-u&onf? vufawGhpufjypfuGif;Y (M 16) wa,muf(5)awmifhvufawGh
ypf&onf? wyf&if;(10)rS Akdvfavmif;atmifekdif (Honor) ypfrSwftv,fxnfhwnfh 5 awmifhpvHk;pk0ifoGm;
onf?oifwef;Y Akdvfatmifekdif/AkdvfueJrD;eSifhAkdvfvSa0wkdh yXr/ 'kwd,eSifh wwd,toD;oD;&-uonf?
oifwef;umv (6) vjynfhygjyD;/ ausmif;qif;yJGusif;yonf? oufqkdif&mwyf&if; wyfr[mrsm;okdh jyef
-uygonf? wyfr[mXmecsKyfrS rdrdtm; wyf&if; (19) okdhwm0efay;vkdufonf? xkdpOfu wyfr[mrSL;onf/
AkdvfrSL;-uD;apmxifarmif/ (KNU/ KNLA okdh KNUrS cJGxGuf wpifaxmifjyD; &efoleSifhyl; aygif;oGm;ol)
jzpfonf? xkdpOfu wyfr[mrSL;rsm; AkdvfrSL;=uD;tqifhom&Sdao;onf?
0rf;cgopf(aumfrl;&m)pcef;&Sd cspfZeD;/om;orD;rsm;eSifhacwWjyefaeonf/orD;rlrlbZefukdarG;jyD;wygwf t
=umc&D;xGufbkdhjyifonf?wn cspfZeD;aoG;oGefonf?bmvkyf&rSef;rod?0rf;qJGq&mr at;&Sifukd ajy;ac:onf/
olra&mufvmonf? tajctaeraumif;/aoG;oGefrsm;aeonf? xkdha=umifh a'gufwmqif; (Dr. Sigh)
(AkdvfrSL;-uD;)(uG,fvGef) ukd owd&onf?olhukdajy;ac:onf?qm;&nfxkd;ay;onf/ ukoaeonf? “usaemfa&Sh
wef;xGuf&awmhr,f a'gufwm/ usaemhZeD;ukdpdwfrcsbl;” “cifAsm;u a'gufwmvm;/ cifAsm;&SdaevkdhvJ bm
vkyfwwfvkdhvJ/ oGm;p&m&SdwmoGm;yg”wJh/ [kwfawmh[kwfonf/ bmrSrvkyfwwfyg?
aemufaeh cspf&Jabmfrsm;jzpf-uaom&JabmftDpGyf (tpPvrf)/&Jabmftkdif;Zuf (yJcl;&kd;rcsD Akdvfrif;odef; OD;
pD; ppfa-umif;eSifhygoGm;jyD; zrf;qD;cH&/ woufwusGef;axmifuscH&ol)/&Jabmfrkd;Zuf/wkdhukdac:jyD;(aemwJcD;) &Gm
&Sd wyf&if;(19) wyf&if;rSL; 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;-uD;apmarmifxGef; (aemif wyfr[mAsL[mrSL;/ AkdvfrSL;-uD;/ uG,fvGef)
tm; rdrda&muf&Sda-umif; owif;ykdhonf? (zg;tH)c&kdifY (ykdifusHK)/ (xDvHk)/ (ebl;) eSifh ('Hk&if;)jrdKhe,f[lI (4) jrdK
e,f&Sdonf? rdrdwkdhppfa-umif;(1)onf(ykdifusHK)jrdKhe,f wGifvSKyf&Sm;aeonf? xkdjrdKhe,fwGif u&ifjynfbGm; tpP
vrfbmom0ifrsm;/ &Gmrsm;&Sdonf? (xDzkd;wa&;)/ (vm'0,f) (ykdifusHK=rkd;eJ) (o&ufawm)&Gmrsm;&Sdonf?
ppfa-umif;wGif tpPvrf&Jabmfrsm;&Sdonf?u&ifpum;rSvJGI(ukvm;)pum;rwwf? vlrawGh&aom ae
&mrS u&ifpum;ajymaevSsif wu,fu&ifrSu&ifpum;ajymaeonf[kxif&onf/ vlawGhrS (ukvm;)jzpfae
a-umif;od&onf? xkdolrsm;ukd (ukvm;)[kac:ygu rsm;pGm pdwfqkd;-uavonf? xkdha-umifh (uanmol;) (u
&ifrJ) (Black Karen) [kac:-uonf? tom;ta&mifcJGjcm;olrsm; &Sdaeonfukd 0rf;enf;pGmawGh&onf?
rSwfcsuf?
(Universal Declearation of Human Rights) (vlhtcifhta&;) ukd em;rv,f/vufrcHygu vl
vlcsif;cJGjcm;rSK/ vlrsdK;csif;usGefjyKrSK/ vlvlcsif;zdeSdyfrSKrsm; rkcs&Sdaernfjzpfonf?

rdrdwyf&if;(19)wyf&if;rSL;eSifhawGhpOf ppfa-umif;ukdrawGh&ao;ay?ppfa-umif;(ebl;)jrdKhe,fbuf a&muf

aeonf?aemufrsm;r-umrSD ppfa-umif;jyefa&mufvmonf?ppfa-umif;rSL;vnf;jzpf/'kwd,wyf&if;rSL;vnf;jzpf
ol AkdvfrSL;a*smfeD eSifh4if; usefwyfcJGrSL;rsm;eSifhyg rdwfqufay;onf? AkdvfrSL;a*smfeDonftom;jzLjzLeSifhacsmarm
 (4)
vSyoljzpfonf? cefhnSm;aeonfhjyif-unfndKbG,faumif;olvnf;jzpfonf? tjcm;wyfcJGrSL;rsm;rSm wyfcJG(2)
rSL; Akdvf-uD;vl;pD/ wyfcJG (3)rSL; Akdvf-uD;atmifvif; (r,fy&)(waum) wkdufyJGY c%wmawGhcGifh&ol/ wyfcJG
(4)rSL; Akdvf-uD;wmyD; (rdrdra&mufrSD wkdufyJGwckY tmZmenfyDyDusqHk;oGm;ojzifh wyfcJGt&mcHAkdvf(armukd)rS
tkyfcsKyfxm;onf)/ wyfcJG (5) rSL; Akdvf-uD;a*smfjzL/ XmecsKyfwyfcJGrSL; Akdvf-uD; a';0g;wkdheSifh rdwfqufay;onf?
wcsdKhwyfrSL;rsm;rlvwef;ynmtqifh/ wcsdKhtv,fwef;ynm tqifh/wcsdKhbkef;-uD;ausmif;ynm tqifh eSifh
tenf;pk txufwef;ynmtqifh&Sd-uonf?
tajccHynmtqifhenf;aevifhupm;/ ppfynm&yfY (yg&*l)bJGh&xm;olrsm;jzpfae-uonf? wkdufyJGaygif;
&mcsD wkdufcJhbl;jyD;jzpfonf? (ppfajrjyifxufaumif;aom ppfwuUodkvfr&Sd) qkdonfh qkd&kd;twkdif; ppfajrjyifY
ppfa&;(yg&*l) bJGh &xm;-uolrsm;jzpfonf? ([kwf r[kwf 4if;wkdheSifh wkdufcJhbl;aom rqv eSifh e0w wyfr
rSL;/ AsL[mrSL;rsm;jzpf-uaom AkdvfrSL;-uD;jroif;/AkdvfrSL;-uD;at;aomif/ AkdvfrSL;-uD;jrifhatmif/ AkdvfrSL;-uD; cif
nGefh(AkdvfcsKyf-uD;a[mif;) wkdhukdar;-unfhekdifonf?
wyfcJGwkdif;Y &efolhxHrSodrf;qD;&&Sdaom (MG 42)pufvwfwvufpD&Sdonf? (5&)aemufyGifh&kdifz,f&Sd
onf? (ba&miffeD) tar&duefpufvwf&Sdonf? (bZlum)(3.5) 'Hk;ypfvufeuf&Sdonf? (81) rr pdefajymif;eSpf
vuf&Sdonf? arSmifckdeaps;uGufrS0,f,lxm;aom ( M 16)(AK)armif;jyef&kdifz,frsm;&Sdonf? 60 rr pdef
ajymif;wvufyg&Sdonf? vufeuf -uD;i,frsdK;pHk&Sdonfomru rsdK;cspfpdwfeSifh aygif;pyfvkdufygu pGrf;tm;-uD;
rm;aom wyf&if;jzpfa-umif;owfrSwfekdifygonf?
rdrd{&m0wDjrpf0usGef;ay:wkdif;/ (KPLA)(Karen People Liberation Army) wyf&if;(2)Y
ekdifiHa&;rSL;wm0ef,lcJhonf?(jynfolhtusdK;jyK-u)(Serve the People)qkdonfh wyf&if;aqmifyk'fukd ukdif
pJGxm;onf? aqmifyk'ftwkdif;jynfolhtusdK;jyKvkyfief;ukdvkyfonf?
xkdaqmifyk'ftwkdif; rdrdwyfcJG(4)/wyfcJGrSL;wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&pOftjrJusifhoHk;onf? bma-umihfjynfolh
tusdK;jyK-u&oenf;? (jynfolomtrd/ jynfolom tz) [kcH,lxm;aoma-umif;jzpfonf? usaemfwkdhonf
jynfolvlxkrS bGm;jrifvm-uaom jynfolhom;orD;rsm;jzpf-uonf? jynfolvlxkukd tajccH&rnf/ tvkyft
a-uG;jyK&rnf? jynfolhaxmufcHrSK&rS awmfvSefa&;atmifrnf[k ,Hk-unfonf?

rSwfcsuf?
jynfolhxHrS=
=&duQm/ =ppfom;/ =aiGa-u;/ =owif;/ =arwWm/ &rnfjzpfonf?=vlxkarwWmjcHKrS &eftaygif;
vHkrnfjzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; eSpfaygif;(60)ausmf wnfwefhaejcif;onf u&ifjynfolrsm;.arwWmom
ru vlrsdK;pHkjynfolharwWmjcHKxm;ekdifjcif;a-umifhjzpfonf?

waehrdrdwkdhppfa-umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdKhe,f/(-uufwla&G;)&GmY &efolhppfa-umif; wyfr(44)vufatmufcHwyf

&if;jzpfaom (cr&)(6)tm;wkduf&ef apmifhae-uonf? Akdvf-uD;t,fxl;/ ,ck (101)wyf&if; 'kwd,wyf&if;rSL;
OD;pD; (101)ppfa-umif;onf (xDzkd;wa&;=&Gmopf)Y wyfcsxm;onf? rdrdwkdh&efoleSifh xdawGhrSKjzpfygu aemuf
 Akdvf-uD;t,fxl; (101)ppa-umif;rSL;

ykdif;rSydwf0kdif;&efjzpfonf? xkdpOftcgY rdrdwkdhppfa-umif;oHk;qufoG,fa&;pufrSm a-umykd;vG,f&aom (PRC)

puf-uD;jzpfonf? 0efxrf;wOD;oD;oefhwm0ef,l&onf? yHkrSefwem&Dw-udrfpufzGifhem;axmifonf?xkdufyJGjzpfyg
u tcsdefjynfhpufzGifhxm;onf?
rdrdwkdhppfa-umif; (-uufwla&G;)&GmY&SdpOf &efolhppfa-umif;onf(aumhjrwf-uD;)&GmY&Sdaeonf? rdrdwkdheSifh
a0;ao;ojzifh (jynfolhtusdK;jyK)&efeSifh rdrdwyfcJG ae&m,lrSKtm;pDppf&efoGm;-unfhonf?&efolhowif;-um;vkdh
xifonf&GmwGif;Y &Gmom;rsm;r&Sd/ v,fuGuf-uD;wuG,f/v,fxGefxm;jyD;aejyD;/ ekwfjyD;om;pyg;ysdK;yif rsm;t
oifhpkyHkxm;onf? rdrdpOf;pm;onf? 'Dtwkdif;qkd ysdK;yifawGysufpD;ukefawmhrnf? rjzpfbl;/wkdhpkduf&rnf?ppfrjzpf
vkdhtm;ae&if “jynfolhtusdK;aqmif”&rnf[k qHk;jzwfjyD;=
“wyfpdwfwpdwf (3)a,muf/ vufeuf-uD;u 0efxrf;tm;vHk;/ighaemufvkdufcJh”&efnGef-um;vkdufonf?
rSwfcsuf?
rdrdwyfcJG(4) ppfonftiftm; (85)a,muf/0efxrf;(84)a,muf&Sdonf?
wyfpk (3)pk/ wyfpdwf (9)pdwf&Sdonf?

rdrdppfonfawmfrsm;onf v,form;om; orD;rsm;jzpfI aumif;pGmaumufpkdufwwfonf/ rxl;qef;/

xkdha-umifh v,fuGif;xJY ppfonfawmfrsm;/0efxrf;rsm;eSifhjynfhaeawmhonf? oDcsif;wat;at;eSifhv,fuGif;
wckvHk;pkdajyaeonf/om,maeonf/ rdrdvJ ysdK;pnf;rsm;ukdxrf;I aumufpkdufaeaomppfonfrsm;qD xrf;ykdh
onf? wufnDvufnD jynfolhtusdK;aqmif-uonf? ppfonfeSifh 0efxrf; (50)ausmf aumufpkdufvkdufojzifh
v,fuGuf-uD;wuGufvHk; oHk;em&DtwGif; pkdufjyD;oGm;onf? ppfonfeSifh0efxrf;rsm; arm&rSef;yifrod aysmfae
-uonf?
rdrdwkdhwyfpdwf/wyfpk&Sd&mokdhtoD;oD;ae&mjyef,l-uonf? r-umvkdufyg? v,fykdif&Sif rdrdxHa&mufvmjyD;
&Jabmfppfonfav;/ ig;a,mufvmac:onf? 0ufxD;-uD;waumifay;onf? jynfolharwWm&&Sdvkdufonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;jzpf-uaom/Akdvfxl;a*/Akdvfe,fu&mckdeSifh Akdvfa&GSjidrf; wkdhukdac:I “awGhvm;/wkdh&JabmfawGjynfolh
tusdK;aqmifvkdufwmeJh apwem&Sdvkdh 0ufwaumif ay;vmw,f/ wkdhawmif;bkdhrvkdbl;”? “vlxkuawmfvSef
a&;wm0efa-uw,f?wkdhukd ppfom;ay;w,f/ ppfa-umif;&duQmay;w,f/ uif;orm;ay;w,f/ 0efxrf;ay;w,f/
ynma&;&HyHkaiGay;w,f?”
wkdhwawG olwkdhavmufawmfvSefa&; wm0efrausbl;/ wvw-udrf&efolukd rwkdufekdifbl;/wkdhppfa-umif;
a&mufjyD;qkd&ifqefwif;w&mjzdKufueJukefoGm;wmbJ/ 'ga-umifhppfrwkdufwJhtcsdef jynfolhtusdK;jyKaewmjzpf
w,f? jynfolvlxkryg&if wkdhppfwyf[m aoG;r&SdwJhvljzpfoGm;r,f vkdh -o0g'ay;vkdufonf? &efol (cr&) (6)
vnf;ay:rvm ojzifh ppfa-umif;rSL;rS (ekdavmyv,f)odkhae&mjyef,l&ef nGef-um;ojzifh tpDtpOftwkdif; xkd
&Gmokdh csDwufavawmhonf? ppfrwkduf&wJhtcsdef vSnfhv,f aoewfxrf; pm;aomufaewm r[kwfawmhwJh
(jynfolhtusdK;aqmifrSK)vkyfief;wck jyD;oGm;aoma-umifh pdwfcsrf;om -unfeSL;rSKwck &&Sdvkdufonf?
u&ifhvlhtzJGhtpnf;wGifAk'<bmomOD;a& (80)&mckdifeSHK;&Sdonf? &efolonf u&ifbkef;=uD;wcsdKhukd
pnf;&Hk;onf/ (u&ifoHCmtzJGhtpnf;ukdzJGhpnf;xm;onf)?&&Sdxm;aomowif;t& (&Gmopf) q&mawmfonf
&efolzJGhpnf;ay;xm;aom u&ifoHCmhtzJGhtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf?ajymufusm;a'orsm;Y eSpfbufrsufeSmusifh

(6)
oHk;&rnf? rdrdbufwckwnf;aeIr&/ &efolheSifhyg qufqH&rnfjzpfonf? bufeSpfbuf,SOfjydKifwkdufckduf=u&mY
(pnf;&Hk;a&;pGrf;tifaumif;olonfomtekdif&rnf)jzpfonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&mwGif xkdifavtHaeIr&/ vlxk
em;rvnfonfh pum;=uD; pum;us,frsm;xkdifajymaeIr&? vufawGhvkyfjy&rnf? tvkyfeSifhoufaojy&rnf?
&Gmopfq&mawmftm; pnf;&Hk;&efvkdojzifh/ tajctaeukd apmifhqkdif;aeonf?wyfwGif;rS &Jabmfrsm;tm;
ppfa=umif;csD&mYbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukdjzwfa&Smuf&yguppfbdeyfrSvJGI nSyfbdeyfpD;oltm;vHk; (ppfonf/0efxrf;)
bdeyfcsGyf=u&efnGef=um;vkdufonf?(0wWuajr)jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfonf?waehrdrdwkdhppfa=umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdKhe,f
okdhjyefa&mufjyD;wyfae&mcsonf? (aygif/ )(ytkd0f)&Gm/(&Gmopf)(a&yl)(xD;zkd;wa&;)ponfh&Gmrsm;wGif wyfcJGtoD;
oD;ae&mcsonf? rdrdwyfcJG(a&yl)&GmYae&mcsonf?apwDwnfxm;onfhawmifukef;tjrifhYrdrd wyfpk(2)ukdae&m
csonf? wyfpk(2)wGif(5&)rraemufyGihf&kdifz,f&Sdonf? wyfpk(1)&Gma&Shawmpyf/ wyfpk(3)&Gmaemufawmpyf/ cJG&Hk;
tzJGhbkef;=uD;ausmif;Y toD;oD;ae&mcsonf? cJG&Hk;tzJGhwGif (81)rr pdefajymif;&Sdonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;ukdac:I “'DrSmapmifh=unfh/ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfqDu wckckusvmatmifvkyfjyr,f/
wyfpk(1)u [kd;rSm(ukd&if)awG(ukaX)wl;ae=uw,f?0ifwl;=u? wyfpk(2)u bk&m;ukef;0ef;usiftm;vHk; rsuf&Sif;
wyfpk(3)u &Gmpmoifausmif;ywfvnfoefh&Sif;a&;vkyf/cJG&Hk;tzJGhu &JabmfawG bkef;=uD;ausmif;u aomufa&
oHk;a& csdK;a& eSifh (ukaX)a&tukefjznfhxnfh&efESifh0efxrf;rsm; bkef;=uD;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd &Gufajcmufrsm; t
rkduf o&kdufrsm;ukd wHysufpD;vnf;/ aemuf rcJG&ao;aom xif;rsm;ukdcJG&ef wm0efay;vkdyfonf?
rdrdvnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd o&ufyifatmuf(rkd;um)cif;jyD; &efolhvSKyf&Sm;rSKtajctaeodekdif&efpufzGifh
em;axmifaeonf?ppfa=umif;rSL;nGef=um;vmrnfhnGef=um;csufrsm;ukd apmifhem;axmifaeonf? r=umvkdufyg/
(uyD,)wa,mufrdrdxHa&mufvmjyD; “tkef;yifwufwwfol&Sdvm;”wJh?“&Sda=umif;ajym&m/” wyfcJGrS&Jabmfrsm;
pm;&eftwGuf tkef;oD;cl;ckdif;onf/ q&mawmfrS (aumufnSif;)wwif;ay;pm;onf? &Jabmfrsm; aumufnSif;eSifh
tkef;oD;jcpf aysmfaysmf&SGif&SGifpm;-uavawmhonf?
(vlxkukdwu,ftvkyfta-uG;jyKyg/ tvkyfeSifhoufaojyyg/ vlxkarwWmtHxGufvmvdrRnf)
rdrdukdcspf-unfav;pm;aom&Gmom;rsm; rdrdpm;&eftwGuf -uufrsm;,lvmonf?(4)aumifjzpfonf/ -uuf
waumifukdcsufpm;jyD;usef-uuf(3)aumiftm;(uyd,)ukd q&mawmftwGuf(qGef;)csufa-uG;&ef ay;vkdufonf?
wnae rdrdukd cspf-unfav;pm;aom aus;&Gmvl-uD;vmv,fonf? aumufnSif;(t&uf)OD;a& wykvif;,lvm
onf? jzpf&Sdaeaomaus;&Gmtajctaersm;udkwifjyonf? “rkd;acgifIykd;zsufojzifh pyg;txGufenf;a-umif;/”
rdrdoabmaygufygonf jrdKhe,faumfrwD ajr,mXmewm0efcHrS v,fcGefrsm;ukd ta-uay;ckdif;rnfjzpfonf?pyg;
aps;uraumif;/ rkd;acgif ykd;zsuf ojzifh pyg;txGufenf;aoma-umifh v,fcGef ta-uay;ekdifrnfr[kwfay? jrdKh
e,faumfrwD/ v,f,mXmewm0efcHrsm; vlxktajctaeukd em;vnf;-ubkdhvkdonf? “pnf;&Hk;a&;[m t"du
vm;? v,fcGef[m t"duvm;?” v,fcGefukdOD;pm;ay;vkduf&if pnf;&Hk;a&;xdckdufrnf ukd odxm;&efvkdonf?
wyfcJGtm;vHk;toifhjyif&ef nGef-um;csufa&mufvmonf? (azgar;=bkdar;) (pm;csuf) xrif;pm;jyD;csuf
xm;&efjzpfonf? c&D;&SnfcsDwuf&awmhrnfjzpfonf? waehvHk;ppfcsDonf/ aemufwaehppfcDsonf/ oHvGifjrpfukd
jzwfonf? awmifausmfonf/ awmwGif;wae&mwGifwyfcsonf? tjcm;ppfa-umif;rsm;ukdawGhonf? Akdvf-uD;
t,fxl;OD;pD; (101)ppfa-umif;/ AkdvfrSL;wl;wl;OD;pD; ppfa-umif;(2)/ AkdvfrSL; ( )OD;pD; ppfa-umif;(4)/ AkdvfrSL;
( )OD;pD; ppfa-umif;(5)/wyfr[mXmecsKyf/vufeuf-uD;tzJGh ppfa-umif;pHka&mufaeonf/tiftm;(1500)
ausmfrnfjzpfonf? 0efxrf;tiftm;(500)xufrenf;ay?
(&)
wyfcJGrSL;rStxuf wyfrSL;rsm;ukd wyfr[mrSL; AkdvfrSL;-uD;xifarmifac:awGhonf? xkdae&mY wyfrSL;pHkukd
awGh&onf?
“AkdvfrSL;a*smfppfa-umif;u(unSif'Hk)&Jpcef;ukdwkduf/usefppfa=umif;rsm;(urarmif;)eJh(uwkdifwd)
u vmrJhppfulukdwkdufr,f? (unSif'Hk)pcef;ukd a&mifjywkdufjyD; ppfulukd t"duwkdufr,f? vkdtyfrnfhvufeuf
=uD;/ vufeufi,f usnfrsdK;pHkjznfh=uonf? ppfqifa&; (&) &uf/ (----) &uf? (e) em&D (----) [kowfrSwf
vkdufonf?
(urarmif;)bufrSvkdufvmaomppfulukdwkduf&ef(101)ppfa-umif;eSifhppfa-umif;(2)/(uwkdifwd)
bufrSvkdufvmaomppfulukdwkdwf&ef ppfa-umif;(4)eSifh (5)wkdhtoD;oD;wm0efcJGvkdufonf? ppfa-umif;toD;
oD; owfrSwfae&mrsm;okdhxGufcGm;-uygjyD;? rdrdwkdhppfa-umif;wa-umif;vHk;wkduf&efrvkdtyfao;ojzifh wyf&if;
rSL; eSifh &Hk;tzJGh/rdrdwyfcJG(4)wkdh wyfr[mXmecsKyfeSifh acwWwJGxm;jyD; vkdtyfovkdxkwfoHk;&ef t&Htjzpftoifh
aexm;&efjzpfonf?
owfrSwfxm;onfhae&mY ypfusif;rsm;wl;-uonf/ ajrrmojzifhawmfawmfeSifhrjyD;/ noef;aumif ausmf
oGm;onf? ppfa-umif;tm;vHk;owfrSwfae&mYwyfcsjyD;onfeSifh tpDtpOftwkdif; ppfa-umif; (1)rS &efolukd p
ypfonfeSifh aoewfoHrsm;ay:vmonf/ pufvwfoHeSifhvufeufi,foHrsm;-um;ae&onf? waehvHk; &efolppf
ulrvm/ aemufaehqufypfonf/ppfulwaehvHk;rvm/aemufaeh rdrdwyfcJGtm;jyefrSmojzifh oleSifhjyefaygif;vkduf
onf? “rxl;awmhbl;/ &Jpcef;ukdbJ tjywfwkdufr,f” [kppfa-umif;rSL;qHk;jzwfjyD; vufeuf-uD;rsm;tm;vHk;pkyHk
ypfvkdufonf? &Jpcef;wcsdKhrD;avmifonf? aemufxyfwvHk;/ wvHk;jyD;wvHk;rD;avmifaeonf? “a[h ppfulbJ&Sd
w,f/ &Julr&Sdbl;uG/ vufajrmufa[h/rif;wkdhukdbmrS rvkyfbl;” [katmfajymonf?aemuft&m&SdeSifhwlolpcef;
wGif;rSxGufvmonf/ vufxJrSvnf;ajcmufvHk;jyL;wvufeSifh vufajrmufI wHwm;wbufrSxGufvmonf?
aoewfoHrsm;pJoGm;ygjyD;/ppfa-umif;rSL;vnf;wHwm;tjcm;wbufrS wufoGm;jyD;wHwm;tv,fY ajcmufvHk;
jyL;eSifh xGufvmoltm; eKwfqufvkdufonf?
“cifAsm;wkdhukd,fykdifypPnf;awGtukef,l/ ppfypPnf;awGxm;cJh” &efajymjyD; rdrdtm; oHkhyef;rsm;ukd -uD;-uyf
&efwm0efay;tyfonf? &Jabmfrsm;ppfypPnf;eSifh vufeufrsm;ukdodrf;aeonf/ oHkhyef;rsm;vnf; txkwf tykd;
rsm;ukd,lIxGufvm-uonf? wae&mwGifpkckdif;jyD;/ “usaemfeHr,f at;armifyg/ pcef;rSL; 'k&Jtyk fyg” wJh/&Jrsm;
.i,f&G,faomZeD;onf (3)a,muf/ cav;(2)a,muf/ cv&(19)rSppfonf(2)a,muf eSifh &J (1&) a,muf
aygif;(24)a,muftm;(qHk&yf)wckokdhcsDwuf&efjyifqifckdif;onf? xGufcGmonfeSifh &Jom;ukdbcsdKonf txkwf
tykd;rsm;ukdxrf;vsuf/ 4if;.ZeD;onfrS om;i,fav;ukd ykd;xm;onf/ touf (4) (5) eSpf cefh&Sd cav;rav;
rSmrl xrf;ykd;rnfholr&Sd/ vlvGwf&Jrsm;vnf; &Jabmfpdwfr&Sd/cav;rav;ukdrxrf;/
rdrdonf vrf;avsmufvsSuf xrif;rpm;&ao;ojzifh xrif;xkwfajzpm;onf/ okd;eefhxGufaeonf/xrif;
xkwfY qm;yifryg? qmqmeSifh pm;vkdufonf?ukdbcsdKonf vrf;a&SmufaeS;aeaom 4if;.orD;av;tm; jref
jrefa&Smuf&efaigufief;aeonf/qlaeonf/ rsufxlaeaomvrf;wGif (5) eSpft&G,fcav;rav; jrefjrefra&Smuf
ekdif? owfrSwfcsdefa&muf&efvkdonf? 'Dvkd vrf;a&SmufyHkrsdK;eSifhawmh ra&mufekdif/ xkdha=umihfwckckvkyf&ef qHk;jzwf
vkdufonf? pm;vufp xrif;xkwfukd ypfvkdufonf/ a&bl;rSa&;aomufvkdufjyD; rdrdumbkdifaoewf eSifh ppfcsyf
0wfwefqmrsm;ukd tul&Jabmfokdhay;vkdufonf/ (zgurm)ukdxkwfum-
“'DrSmcav;/ OD;OD;qDvm”[kqkdum olrtm;csDI rdrda=umukef;ay:wifum (zgurm)eSifhcsDykd;vdkuf
(*)
onf? vrf;a&Smuf&if;/csDykd;&if; “eHr,f b,fvkdac:vJ” [kar;&m/ “rdoDwmyg/ OD;OD;” wJh/ tkd;cspfp&m
aumif;vkdufwm/ rdoDwmav;ukdcsDykd;ae&if; arG;p rdrdorD;ukd owd&rdonf? wqufwnf; rdrdzcif
. qHk;r =o0g'rsm;ukd=um;a,mifvmonf?
“ighom;/ ppfwkdufw,ffqkdwm ekdifiHa&;enf;eJhajz&Sif;r&vkdh vufeufeJh ckcHae&wm/ppfjzpf&if
ysufpD;qHk;&SHK;=ur,f/ aoa=u temw&jzpfr,f/ tzrf;tqD;awG&Sdr,f/ 'gawG[mr&Sdoifh/ rjzpfoifh
wJht&mawGjzpfw,f? jynfaxmifpkbGm; nDaemifawG=um; nD&if;tpfukd pdwf"gwfeJh ekdifiHa&;jyoem
ukdajz&Sif;vkdhr&ekdifbl;vm;? wa,mufeJhwa,muf vufeufeJhtekdifusifh tjyKwfwkdufvkdhaum&ekdif
yghrvm;? ppfyJG&Snf-umav/ wkdif;jynfepfemav/ taotajymufrsm;avbJ” “aemuf=ppfajrjyif
rSm &efolukdbrf;rdr,f/ '%f&meJhjzpfcsifjzpfr,f/ taumif;yuwd jzpfcsifjzpfr,f/ trsdK;orD;awGyg
csifygr,f/ b,fvkdtajctaerSmbJjzpfjzpf/ (oHkhyef;ay:vpD) twkdif;usifhoHk;yg? ukd,fcsif;pmyg? oHkhyef;
jzpfwmeJh &efolr[kwfawmhbl;/ 'Dawmh ocifc&pfawmf&Jh oGefoifrSKtwkdif; ( rdrd&efolukd cspfyg)
(Love your Enemy) usifhoHk;yg? typfrJh rSDckdolawGukd usifemyg?
rdoDwmav; rdrda-umukef;ay:wGiftyd faysmfvsSufygvmonf/ rdrdtawG;xJY/“'Dcav;awG/t
rsdK;orD;awG[m rSDckdolawG/typfrJhawGjzpfw,f/ tbrf;cH&wJh &JeJhppfom;awGuvJ vufeufr&Sdawmh
vkdh 'kdh&efolawGr[kwfawmhbl;/ jynfaxmifpkbGm;nDaemifawGjzpfw,f/[kcH,lxm;onf? rdrdtawG;
xJY 1958ckeSpfwGif rdrdarG;arareSifh nDav;/ nDrav;rsm;tbrf;cH&onf? (6)v=umonf/ bm
a=umifhbrf;=uwmvJ? rSDckdoleJh cav;awGbJ/ wzef 1966ckeSpfwGif arG;arareSifh q,fwef; ausmif;
ol nDrav;(ykd;ykdZef) touf(&*)eSpf&SdaejyD;jzpfaom (zkd;zkd;) wkdhtbrf;cH&jyefonf? axmifxJY eSdyf
pufnSif;yef;cH&ojzifhuG,fvGefoGm;onf?(&)eSpf=umonf?bma=umif;brf;=uwmvJAsm;?rSDckdol typf
rJholawGr[kwfygvm;?
&efolawG[m u&ifjynfxJukdusL;ausmfvmjyD; owfcsifwkdif;owf/ brf;csifwkdif;brf;/ rk'def;sifh
csifwkdif;usifh/ tdrfrD;&SdKhcsifovkdh&SdKh/ ay:wmqJGcsifovkd qJGae=uygvm;? usaemfwkdhu&ifawG[m jynf
axmifpkom;awGr[kwfvm;?nDukdarmifeSrawGr[kwfvm;?vlawGr[kwfvm;?ukdk,fcsif; rpmwwf
bl;vm;? eSrcsif; rpm wwfbl;vm;?
bmbJjzpfjzpf ukd,fhorkdif; ukd,fa&;ae-uwmjzpfonf? “OD;OD; a&qmw,f” [k rdoDwmav;
toH-um;awmhrS rdrdtawG; jywfoGm;awmhonf? “at;at;”[kajymjyD;/ rdrdtul&JabmfY&Sdaeaom
a&bl;ukd,lI wkdufvkdufonf? awmifwuf awmifqif;ursm;/c&D;ua0;qkdawmh rdrdezl;rS acsG;rsm;pD;
usvmonf? okdhaomfrdrd arm&rSef; yef;&rSef;rod/ rdrdzcif ay;cJhaomawmfvSefa&; ('\e) eSifhocif
c&pfawmf. qHk;r=o0g'wkdhukd vufawGhtaumiftxnf az:cGifh&aoma=umifh 0rf;omyDwd *Grf;qDxd
vkd jzpf&ygonf?
qHk&yfokdha&mufygjyD;? 4if;wkdhtm;tem;ay;onf?nbuf vbuf&nf eSifh rkefh {nfhcHjyD; rdrdwkdh
.u&ifhawmfvSefa&;vrf;pOfvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd&Sif;jyonf? “oHkhyef;awGukduif;apmifh&efvkdao;vm;”
[k &Jabmfrsm;ar;&m/ “vufeufrSr&SdawmhbJ olwdkhukdapmifhbkdhrvkdawmhbl;”==[kajymvkduf onf?
aemufaehrdrdwkdhppfa-umif;rSL;yg0ifonfhabmfvDabmtzJGheSifh &Jrsm; rdwfjzpf aqGjzpfabmfvD
(9)
abmykwf-uonf? rdrdwkdhukdrekdifyg? okdhaomf rdrd&Jabmfrsm;eSifh &Jrsm;aysmf&SGif-uonf/ &efolrsm;r
[kwf-uawmh? xkdtcsdefav;onf jidrf;csrf;aom urBmi,fav;wck,m,DjzpfoGm;ojzifh-unfeSL;
rdonf?aemufaeh4if;wkdhukd(&if;ykdif;)&GmokdhykdhjyD; A[kduGefref'kdrsm;vufokdh tyfvkdufonf? AkdvfcsKyf
jr rS 4if;wkdhtm;awGhvkdonf[k od&onf?
rdrdonf ppfajrjyifY (vlom;) jzpfonfh rdoDwmav;ukd vlom;qefqef jyKrlusifhoHk;vkduf
&ojzifh vlhb0ukday;cJhaom rdb eSpfyg;eSifh ocifc&pfawmfukdaus;Zl;wifrdonf? orkdif;ay;wm0ef
wckeSifh wkdufyJGwyJGawmhjyD;oGm;ygjyD;? a&ShqufjyD; wkdufyJGb,feSpfyJG qufwkdufae=u&OD;rSmvJAsm;?

rSwfcsuf?
ppfajrjyifY rdrdukdifaqmifcJhaom (umbkdif) vufeufonf/ rdrdbcifay;cJhaom awmfvSefa&;tarG
ypPnf;jzpfonf? rdrdkwkdhnDtpfukd (3)a,mufpvHk;ukd xkdtarGukdomay;ekdifcJhonf?

*tu,fI rdoDwmav;wa,muf ouf&Sdxif&Sm;aeao;ygujynfaxmifpkw0Sef;jidrf;csrf;

om,m0ajyma&;/ wef;wla&;/ 'Drkdua&pDa&;/ w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;/ vlhtcGifhta&;ukd wefbkd;xm;
a&;twGuf xrf;aqmifedkifygap*
*rdoDwmav;wa,muf ouf&Sdxif&Sm;aeao;ygu jynfolvlxkuav;pm; cspfjrwfekd;wJh
'kwd, a':pkjzpfvmygap*
*tu,fI pcef;rSL; 'kwd,&Jtyk f OD;at;armifwa,muf ouf&Sdxif&Sm;ao;ygu jynfol
vlxkukd tvkyfta=uG;jyKonfh jynfcspf&Jrsm;jzpfvmygap*
*tu,fI (unSif'Hk) &Jpcef;rS&JoHkhyef;rsm;ouf&Sdxif&Sm;ao;ygu/jynfolhtusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;
ukd umuG,fekdif=uygap*[k qeNjyKvkdufygonf?
(ref;a&mbwf bZef)
(zl;uD;'kd)

12/ 25/ 2009?