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649
F`ïxobf
 Fhokr i{ftk`fckjror
^ojfbkfkI{ftk`fcfj gox# ~frlfv{k# ~ojfhkxk# xa`kxocca
Dortxoh{boòj
Kc Rfcwfdax# I{ftk`fcf# Lajd{xfr# @ï|oba
Læhotft
Krtk æxhac rk ~xkrkjtf kj car harv{kr dk bajàgkxfr txa~obfckr# kjtxk car 6<>>  car 4>>>`*
Krtfda y tkjdkjbofr ~ahcfboajfckr
Kc xa`kxocca kr cf kr~kbok `ær r{xköf dkc iïjkxa* Krtf kr~kbok kxf bajrodkxfdf ba`a ba`ýj lfrtf 6?4>#~xahfhck`kjtk fýj k|ortkj ~ahcfboajkr ixfjdkr kj Lajd{xfr* Rk ck lf k|~catfda f`~cof`kjtk f cacfxia dk r{ xfjia dk dortxoh{boòj* Kj I{ftk`fcf cf `faxàf dk car ~fxblkr xk`fjkjtkr ja k|bkdkj cfr 2lfr* Car `fjblajkr v{k v{kdfj forcfdar raj fýj `{ {toco}fdar kr~kbofc`kjtk ba`a cköf* Car r{kcar~xag{jdar kj dajdk bxkbk# raj badobofdar ~fxf cf fixob{ct{xf* Cf ~xad{bboòj dk bajar kr oxxki{cfx  cfikx`ojfboòj ~ahxk*Kc krtft{r dk cf kr~kbok kj @ï|oba kr dogàboc dk dkgojox dkhoda f {jf bajg{roòj baj atxfr kr~kbokr dkc`or`a iïjkxa# `{blfr dk cfr b{fckr raj `axgacòiobf`kjtk `{ ro`ocfxkr  ~xkrkjtfj dortxoh{boajkr`{ xkrtxojiodfr ,Jkytaj#
oj cott 
* 6??</*
^f~kc dk cf kr~kbok kj car kbarortk`frF`kjf}fr
[ra cabfc# ~ïxdodf dk læhotft# k|~fjroòj dk car frkjtf`okjtar l{`fjar*
[toco}fboòj
R{ `fdkxf rk lf {toco}fda ba`a cköf dkrdk car tok`~ar dk car @ffr  g{k {toco}fdf ~ax car Kr~föackrdk `fjkxf k|tkjrowf ~fxf bajrtx{bboòj* Kj cf fbt{fcodfd kr {jf `fdkxf ~xkgkxodf ~fxf bajrtx{bboòj#bfxhòj  cköf*
Ba`kxboa
Ja lf joji{jf kwodkjbof dk v{k cf kr~kbok krtk ~xkrkjtk kj kc ba`kxboa ojtkxjfboajfc*
Bftkiaxàf dk Bajrkxwfboòj rkiýj cf [OBJ
W[ F6d rkiýj kc RRB Ix{~a dk Kr~kbofcortfr kj Bajàgkxfr*
@kdodfr dk Bajrkxwfboòj
Rk lfj o`~ck`kjtfda fci{jar ~xaixf`fr ~fxf `kmaxfx kc krtft{r dk cfr kr~kbokr ~ax BF@BAXK* Rklfj backbtfda rk`occfr dk æxhackr rkckbtar  rk lfj krtfhckboda ~cfjtfboajkr kj @ï|oba  Baca`hof*Rk ~xalàhk r{ ba`kxboa kj @ï|oba  I{ftk`fcf# f v{k cf kr~kbok krtf cortfdf kj kc F~ïjdobk O dkBOTKR*
@fjkma dk car Harv{kr y Kbarortk`fr
Cf tfrf ~xa`kdoa dk bxkbo`okjta wfxof kjtxk >*27  >*47`!föa  wowkj kjtxk 4?  96 föar* Kcojbxk`kjta fj{fc kj doæ`ktxa wfxàf kjtxk >*;?  >*7?b`*
Xkgkxkjbofr
Dwaxfe# Y*R* ' M*E* Dajfl{k* 6??8*
BF@BAXK Baa~kxftowk Xkrkfxbl Xkwoky 6?<>-6??8
* GaxkrtxDk~fxt`kjt# Jaxtl Bfxacojf Rtftk [jowkxrot# [RF= BF@BAXK ,Cf Baa~kxftowf dk Xkb{xrar dkBajàgkxfr dk Bkjtxaf`ïxobf  @ï|oba/* ?4~~*Gfxmaj# Fcmar# Blxorta~lkx J* ^fik# ' Joba Rblkcckwor* 6??2* F ~xkco`ojfx yaxcd cort ag tlxkftkjkdbajogkx tf|f*
 Hoadowkxrot fjd Bajrkxwftoaj
8= 2>4287*Gfxmaj# Fcmar*
kt fc*
6??<* Dftf bacckbtoaj gax`r gax bajogkx r~kbokr ba`~cktkd h tlk RRB BajogkxR~kbofcort Ixa{~ hktykkj 6??7 fjd 6??<*
 
Bajtxoh{toaj ta fj kwfc{ftoaj ag txkk r~kbokr {roji tlk jky BOTKR Cortoji Bxotkxof
64<Jkytaj# F* ,6??</
 Oj cott 
* ta YB@B
 Fcj{r fb{`ojftf
 
Hkt{cfbkfkfcora# `a{jtfoj fcdkx
Dortxoh{boòj
Fxikjtojf ,Bftf`fxbf# M{m{# Cf Xoamf# @kjda}f# Rfctf# Rfj C{or# Rfjtofia dkc Krtkxa/# Hacowof# BartfXobf# Kb{fdax# I{ftk`fcf# @ï|oba# ^fjf`æ# ^kxý
Læhotft
Kr {jf kr~kbok dk harv{kr txa~obfckr `ajtfjar lý`kdar# kjtxk car 6;>>  car 2<>>`* Rk kjb{kjtxf fca cfxia dk xàar  kj fctot{dkr `faxkr# kj ~kv{köar Wfcckr ~xatkiodar dkc wokjta rkba  gxàa* Kr ba`ýjkj cfr rkcwfr cc{woarfr dk `ajtföf# car harv{kr dk jokhcf  car harv{kr dk T{b{`æjHacowof*
Krtft{r y tkjdkjbofr ~ahcfboajfckr
Kr {jf kr~kbok xo~fxof ba`ýj kj cfr æxkfr `ajtföarfr# dkrdk @ï|oba lfrtf car Fjdkr* K|ortkj tadfwàfixfjdkr `fjblajkr kj Hacowof# Fxikjtojf  ~xahfhck`kjtk kj atxar ~fàrkr R{df`kxobfjar* Tf`hoïj rkbajrodkxf ba`ýj kj Bartf Xobf ,Fxbk Hkjfwodkr# 6??</* Kj kc jaxakrtk dk Fxikjtojf kc æxkf da`ojfdf~ax
 Fcj{r#
krtf ojbxk`kjtæjdark ~arohck`kjtk ba`a xkr{ctfda dk car g{kiar xki{cfxkr v{k ~xkwokjkj kckrtfhckbo`okjta dk kr~kbokr bcà`f| a hokj dkhoda f cf kgkbtowodfd dkc rortk`f dk dor~kxroòj dk
 Fcj{r
,Ixf{ ' Hxayj# 6??;/* Kj atxfr ~fxtkr# kc læhotft axoiojfc dk krtf kr~kbok lf dkrf~fxkboda kj carýcto`ar roicar# ~fxtob{cfx`kjtk kj fctot{dkr `faxkr kj car Fjdkr kj dajdk racf`kjtk rk ck kjb{kjtxfkj wfcckr ~xatkiodar* Cabfc`kjtk `{blfr ~ahcfboajkr rk lfj k|toji{oda a krtæj rkwkxf`kjtkf`kjf}fdfr  cf kr~kbok rk ojbc{k kjtxk cfr kr~kbokr f`kjf}fdfr dk Fxikjtojf  dk cf GFA ,Blkhk}#6??45 GFA# 6?<7/* Roj k`hfxia# cf kr~kbok ba`a tfc tokjk {jf ixfj f`~cot{d kbacòiobf  rk xkikjkxfhokj ,Ohorbl# 6??95 Eocckkj# 6??9/*
^f~kc dk cf kr~kbok kj kc kbarortk`fF`kjf}fr
^cfjtfr ojwfrowfr k|òtobfr# fixob{ct{xf k|tkjrowf# k|~catfboòj cabfc*
[toco}fboòj
Car æxhackr raj baxtfdar ~fxf cköf a ~fxf bajrtx{bboòj kj ~kv{köf krbfcf* Kr ~atkjbofc`kjtk wfcoarf~fxf `kmaxf`okjta dk r{kcar# kr~kbofc`kjtk fv{kccar kxaroajfdar* Rk lf {toco}fda kj rortk`fr dkFixarocwob{ct{xf  ~frtaxka kj Bartf Xobf* Cf baxtk}f tokjk ~xa~okdfdkr `kdobojfckr*
Ba`kxboa
R{ {ra kr raca da`ïrtoba*
Bftkiaxàf dk bajrkxwfboòj dk cf [OBJ
CXcb dk fb{kxda f YB@B
@kdodfr dk Bajrkxwfboòj@fjkma dk car harv{kr y rocwob{ct{xf
Kr {jf kr~kbok gomfdaxf dk jotxòikja* Cfr ~ahcfboajkr `fjkmfdfr ~xkrkjtfj xkjdo`okjtar dk kjtxk 6>6;`²!lf ^F*# baj {jf xatfboòj dk kjtxk 6<  88 föar# dk~kjdokjda dkc to~a dk r{kca  dk cf fctot{d*
Xkgkxkjbofr
Fxbk Hkjfwodkr# L* 6??<* Ba``kjtr aj r~kbokr ~xagockr gax Bartf Xobf*Hxfea# C* ' M*C* ]fx{bblo* 6??2* Bftfcai{k ag tlk gcaykxoji ~cfjtr fjd i`jar~kx`r ag ^kxý*
 @ajix*Rrt* Hat*
,@orra{xo Hat* Ifxd*/ 4;= 668<7*Blkhk}# M*B* 6??4*
 Car v{k rk wfj
* H{kjar Foxkr# Fxikjtojf= Fchftxar* 7>4~~*d)Fxb# Y*I* 6?<9* Gcaxf ag ^fjf`f= blkbecort fjd ojdk|*
 @ajaixf~lr oj Rrtk`ftob Hatfj
69= 66>>>*
 
 Fjjk| 8* ^xagockr ag Txkk R~kbokr= Tlk F`kxobfr
64?Krtkjrraxa# R* 6?<9*
 Cortf ~xkco`ojfx dk ~cfjtfr kr~kbofckr*
Cf ^f}= Bkjtxa dk Dftar ~fxf cfBajrkxwfboòj*69~~*GFA Gaxkrtx Dk~fxt`kjt* 6?<7
* Dftfhaae aj kjdfjikxkd txkk fjd rlx{h r~kbokr fjd tlkox  ~xawkjfjbkr*
Xa`k= GFA* ;84~~*Ixf{# L*X* ' F*D* Hxayj* 6??;* ^fttkxjr ag txkk r~kbokr dowkxrot fcaji cftot{dojfc fjd fctot{dojfcixfdokjtr oj tlk Fxikjtojkfj r{htxa~obfc `ajtfjk gaxkrtr*
 Oj
Bl{xblocc# R*^*
kt fc
* ,kdr*/*
 Hoadowkxrot fjd bajrkxwftoaj ag jkatxa~obfc `ajtfjk gaxkrtr* ^xabkkdojir ag tlk Jkatxa~obfc @ajtfjk Gaxkrt Hoadowkxrot fjd Bajrkxwftoaj R`~aro{`# Tlk Jky _axe Hatfjobfc Ifxdkj# 86-87 M{jk 6??2*
Ohorbl# ^*C* 6??9* Ba``kjtr aj r~kbokr r{``fxokr gax Hacowof*Eocckkj# T* 6??9* Ba``kjtr aj r~kbokr r{``fxokr gax Hacowof*
Notes
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