Bai giang s67 BAT SANG THU VA GIA TRI LON NHAT, NHO NHAT CUA HAM SO ___ Bat dang thire va gia trj lon nhat, nhd nhat cia ham sé luén 1d mot chi dé hap din trong chuong trinh ging day va hoc tip ciia b§ mén Todn & nha trudng pho théng, Trong céc dé thi mén Todn cia céc ki thi tuyén sinh vao Dai hoc, Cao dang, cdc bai toan thuge dang nay luén cd mat, dic biét trong nhiing nam gin day nd déu thuge vao nhiing bai toan khe (thong xuat hign 6 céu 5). Bai ging nay dé cp dén nhimg phuong phap co ban va thng dung nhat dé ching minh bat ding thie hode tim gia tri kin nhat va nhé nhat eda ham so. §1. SU DUNG BAT DANG THUC COSI CHUNG MINH BAT DANG THUC VA TIM GIA TRI LON NHAT, NHO NHAT CUA HAM SO 1, Cae kién thize co bin . Bat dang thite Cési cho hai hode ba sé a/ Néua, b la céc sé khong dm, khi dé ta c6: ath. fab (1) Dau bing trong (1) xay ra > a=b. b/Néu a, b, la cdc s6 khong am, khi dé ta cd: ATDTES Yabe (2) Dau bing trong (2) xay ra > a=b ‘M6t dang théng dung cita bat ding tite Cési a/ Néua, b la cdc sé duong, thi (+n(t+t}o4 hay 4+ Dau bang trong (3) xay ra <> a=b. b/Néua, b, cla cde 6 duong, thi: ee 2 @) see (arvro(tetet}za nay Letets 2 abc a bc a+b+e (4) Diu bing trong (4) xay ra. a= 2. Ce dang ton co bin Logi I: Cac bai ton sis dung tryc tiép bat ding thire Cési Dic diém cia nhing bai todn nay la cé thé sir dung truc tiép ngay bat din thie Cési dé ching minh bat ding thie trong dé, mi khéng qua céc phép bién d ns.trung gian phife tap. Vai nhimg bai toan nay cac s6 a, b (hoe a, b, c) trong céc bat ding thie Cési cho hai s6 (hoe ba s6) cé thé Iva chon duge ngay tir dau bai. Thi dy 1 (Dé thi tuyén sink Bui hye khdi B- 2005) Ching minh ring v6i mgix € &. tacé: 12) (15)* (zy my gk a sk 2) ofS] [2] eatearase. = (3) (2) GB * Khi nao bat ding thire xay ra? (3) (2) =) ‘Dau bing trong (1) xay ra: 8) -(3)+ Lap Juin hoan toan tuong ty ta 66: ny (2) . (8) (2) 2) +{2)} 224 @ [2] +{2] 2256 (2) a m (a) e@ Diu bang trong (2) eiing nhur trong (3) xay ra <> x=0 . Tir (1) (2) (3) suy ra (sau khi cOng timg ve voi vé ciia ba bat ding thie) (8) 2) By ee ees) (I2Y (1SY* (20) oan ax gx (2) (8) (2) area ass a) Diu bing trong (4) xay ra khi va chi khi dng thoi c6 daw bing xay ra trong (1) 2) G) tite Ta khi va chi Khi x =0. Nhiin xét | Dang tng quét cia bai todn trén ta: Néu a, b, ¢ > 0 thi atb+c2vab + Vbe + Vea Thi dy 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khdi D- 2005) Cho cde s6 dutong x, y,z théa man xyz = 1. Chimng minh ring: te Khi nao dau bat ding thite xay ra? ‘Theo bat ding thire Cési ta c6: Textsyeatinty® 116Tir dé suy ra: liawey> dlextey? i a meas =y'eo x=y. Dau bing trong (1) xay ra <> | Lap luan hoan toan twang ty ta 06: 3a h+y+z? 3 h+2°s Ve? By Woes Eg eas =a Diu bing rong (2) xiy ra <> yz va du bing trong (3) xiy ra <> 2% Céng timg vé (1) (2) (3) va 6: exis sieved i (go-go ny ye wy Vy ves Dau bang trong (4) xay ra khi va chi khi déng thé e6 dau bing trong (1) (2) (3), the fi Kh va chi khi x (chi ¥ do xyz = 1). Lai theo bit ding thite Cosi, ta e6: Be eine? (do xyz = 1), Dau bing trong (5) xy ra. o> x= y ‘Tir (4) (5) suy ra: Viestey? Vieyiee viet en? xy ye 2x Dau bing trong (6) xy ra <> déng thai c6 diu bang trong (4) va (5) eox=y=z= 1. D6 la dpem. Nhin xét ___ Thi dy 2 la dién hinh cho phurong phap sir dung tryc 4 chimg minh bat ding that. Thi du 3 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khoi D- 2008) Cho x, y la cde sé thye khong Am. Tim gia tri lén nhét va nhé nhat cia biéu thie sau: 3V3 (6) y)(I=x9) Pe ea) (lay) Do x, y > 0, nén hién nhién ta e¢ I W-ay] s+ xy] =(e+ (L499) Vithé: e=y)0-w) . ro)» ay (oxy [Cryo ‘Theo bat dang thire Cési ta c6: (x + y)(1+xy)22/(x+y)(1+ xy) (2) 7