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PREPERED BY :
Dr. Radwa Ali Mehanna
Dr. Eman Magdy
SUPERVISION BY :
Dr/Samar El ghotny
physiology department
Definition Of Simple
Muscle Twitch
A single brief contraction followed
by a relaxation of a skeletal
muscle due to application of a
single adequate stimulus.
SO We
Need
Recording apparatus
Muscle
Stimulus
Frog
? Electrical stimulus
-As human
-cheap
?
-As nature
-No permanent damage
-Easy for application
Recording apparatus :
The apparatus which is commonly used
in the routine laboratory experiments on
the muscle and nerve consists of :
1. Stimulation set ( delivers electrical
stimulus for the muscle nerve preparation
).
2. kymograph .
3. Myograph .
Stimulation set :
1. source of galvanic current .
2. Induction coil .
3. Connecting wires.
4. Simple key .
5. Two stimulating electrodes .
Myograp
h
Frog Dissection
Fall 2000
Jenna Hellack
OBJECTIVE: TO RECORD SIMPLE MUSCLE
TWICH (SMT)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this experiment student should know:
How to pith the frog.
How to prepare nerve and muscle for further procedure.
How to record a graph of simple muscle twitch.
TO PITH THE FROG
REQUIREMENTS:
Pithed Frog
PREPARATION OF NERVE AND MUSCLE OF
FROG
OBJECTIVE:
The student should be able to :
•Prepare gastrocnemius sciatic preparation.
•Explain the effects on nerve and muscle if not
placed in Ringer's Solution.
REQUIREMENTS:
Frog, dissecting instruments, Ringer's
solution, beaker, thread, dissecting board,
glass rod, Common pin.
PRINCIPLE:
The principle of this experiment is to obtain
a separate independent muscle along with its
nerve supply so that:
It may be stimulated and various effects
observed
PROCEDURE:
Lay the pithed frog on the frog board.
2
3- Action potential in the
muscle
3
Chemical Transmission
Types Of Contraction
Isotonic Contraction Isometric Contraction
Same tension Tension Increase
Muscle Same Length
shortening No Work Is Done
Work is done Energy Lost as
Energy ¼ work Heat
& ¾ lost as heat
Isotonic and Isometric
Contractions
Factor Affecting SMT
1- Warming
2- Cooling
3- Fatigue
Warming
warm saline (physiological
saline of frog ,69% Nacl)
30-38C.
Duration decrease ,
amplitude increase.
Mechnism :↑ metabolic warming
SMT
fatigue
Motor End Plate
Multiple Stimulation
The effect of applying multiple successive
stimuli to a muscle depends upon the
frequency of these stimuli ( duration
between them),which can be either:
Low frequent stimuli
Moderate frequent stimuli
High frequent stimuli
Low Frequent
Stimulation
In which each stimulus fall after the
complete muscle relaxation of the previous
stimulus.
So it results in the production of successive
simple muscle twitches ( contraction then
relaxation) which are called Separate
Twitches
Moderate frequent
stimuli
In which each stimulus fall during muscle
relaxation of the previous stimulus
So it results in the production of
successive contractions each followed by
incomplete relaxation which are called
Clonus or
Incomplete Tetanus
Clonus or Incomplete Tetanus
Heat
Tetanus
fatigue