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ISSUE 12
june 2010
bringing CuTTing-eDge SCienCe inTo THe CLASSrooM
 ADDICTION
What is addiction?How is the brain involvedin addiction?
 
How is addiction treated?What might the utureo addiction hold?
Gettinghooked?
Exploring the sciencebehind addiction
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Big Picture 12
: ADDiCTion
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Big
Big Picture
is a ree resource or teachers,school and college students, and learnerso any age. Published twice a year, eachissue comes as a printed magazine withaccompanying online articles and othercontent. Here’s how to get the most romyour issue.
Big Picture
Introducing addiction
Explore the history o drink, drugs and addiction.
What is addiction?
What things can be addictive? Who gets addicted?
The brain and addiction
How is the brain involved in and altered by addiction?
Case studies: internet use and gambling
Can suring the web or gambling be addictive?
Dealing with addiction
What kinds o treatment are available or addicts?
The uture o addiction
What are the ethical issues o our imagined scenarios?
Real voices
Hear rom three people with experiences o addiction.
 
ConTenTS
34–56–78–910–1112–1314–15
How to use
 Big Picture
 
magazine
How to use the
 Big Picture
website
Title
– each spad dals wth a patcla aspct  thttl tpc.
Intro
– Ths sts th sc  th spad wth th ss,ad th wd wld.
 Article
– each atcl ca  sd alsd ths m thsam spad  th st  th ss,  as a stadalcmpt  a lss. 
Image/diagram
– illstats ad daams hlp y xpsscmplx das  a vsal way, as wll as hlp t plac thsss  qst t a al-l ctxt. As wll as twc-yaly maazs, th’s lads  th slmatal  th
Big Picture
wst(
www.wellcome.ac.uk/bigpicture
 ). Th xclsv lctt s catd  ach ss, ad clds atcls, vds,ams, ma alls, amats, lss plas, actvts adm. o slctd lks hlp y ad y stdts t t thmst t  th w  ach tpc. Als  ths st, y ca dwlad PDFs  th ct ad all12 past sss  
Big Picture
. Th a als cclm-matchdtals, ad   hw t d cps  th maazs.each ss  
Big Picture
css  a tpc that s ct,lvat t th ly cclm, td  scc, ad that hasdat-pvk aspcts. Th sss a dvdd t dl-pa spads, ach dal wth a dt aspct  th tpc. Th spads a a saw  atcls, mas, daams ad ‘FastFacts’, allw y t dp t ach ss, ad ach spad, asy d. evy ss ctas a ss  ‘al vcs’ – tvwswth ppl whs lvs a actd ad shapd y th tpc qst. Whth y wat t stmlat dat, t pvd p-t-dat, sctcally accat xampls ad patcla sss, t t acss cmplx das t y stdts,
Big Picture
hlpsy t  ctt-d scc t y classm.
211234
 
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– bws
Big Picture
l y ttl,atcl, actvty  sc. 
Current issue heading
– expl th l ctt th latst ss. 
Recent issues heading
– expl th l ctt past sss. 
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– S p t cv sss  
Big Picture
 ad th Wllcm Tst plcats.
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JUNE 2010 •
 3
1839
 Th btsh c Cha tallw ctd mptat pm, maly m thtts  ida. Thshlps ac th w tdam th elsh at hm,ta-dk.
7000 BCE
oldst kw alchlcdk, dtd mtacs lt  pttyxcavatd m ast  Cha. Smachalsts lvcltvat mtalcps was a kyact  th s aclt, ads s as ld ashma sttlmt.
Old habits?
 A history o drink,drugs and addiction.
D smth plasal, ad th chacsa that y wat t d t aa. D t a lt –whth t s at a chclat a  watcha ad  YT – ad y hav a hat.Mst hats a ptty hamlss. Th wstth lkly t happ s that y wast tm thm  ppl mak   thm. A w,thh, t t a plm. Smtms thatplm s s ss w call t a addct. Th addcts wth th thtst p tdt vlv ds, smtms llal s. bttak a lk  th paps: ppl wh ca’t th  sds, shpp  sx a alladdcts, alsts say. A thy ally? Whatat ths al t ctl hw mch thyaml  s th w? Dcd whthths ally a addcts mas hav acla dt  what addct s. That sdclt, cas addcts d t st l th. Mst dts amt t a lst  ats, ad ppl th dscss whth apatcla hav ca ct as a addct.All th dts a that addctvlvs psychlcal d: y allyl y cat d wtht t. Th th sphyscal d: ctt  spply maks y ll. Tlac s cmm: wh y d mad m  th th y a addctd t th sam ct. S s psstc: th act thaty’ll ct wth a patcla hav spt  ts haml cts.Sm addcts, spcally t cta ds,tck all  ths xs. oth ths that may addctv, sch as aml, d t. iths cass, th s m  a vlapwth sssv  cmplsv hav  th kds.S addct s cmplx, vlvaspcts  a ad dy that a t wlldstd, al wth scal fcs adpsal hsty. That lavs plty  m dsamt am sachs ad halthwks at ts dass, cass, cts,tatmt ad pvt.
 Addiction is a term we all use,but what do we mean?
4000 BCE
Caas  sas a actc easa.
1200 CE
 Th icas  Sth Amca adpt thtadtal Adahat  chwcca lavs (whchcta cca),ad dcla ccaa sacd plat.
1599
Shakspa ss th wd “addct” 
Henry V 
. At that tm, t mat t  dt sm as a slav,  y xcssvdvt, hc “Hs addct was tcass va…”
1614
Fst shpmt   Va taccactd Ld. it aksa Spashmply  thwd, ad catsa dmad la that s t mt y thslav tad.
1729
Facd wth a caz, spcallyam th p Ld,Palamt passsth st  a ss laws ty tctl  dk.
1860
Fst p ccaxtactd mcca lavs. Ccaxtacts  wds  tcs adpatt mdcs ep adth uSA.
1875
Sa Facsc ctydac ass  pm,th alst uSpht.
1890
Ppla ctaldtctv ShlckHlms s dscd
The Sign of Four 
 ct cca.Hlms, als as  mph,dscs cca ta axs D Watsas “tascdtlystmlat adclay t th md”.
1956
 Amca Mdcal Asscat dclasalchlsm a dsas.
1997
 Ala Lsh, Dct  uS natal isttt D As, plshsvw pap 
Science
 ccld that “addcts a a dsas”.
2008
Pm  uS ss
Celebrity Rehab
wthD Dw. i ths altyshw cltsd 21 days’tatmt  d alchl addct,ad a lmd 24/7.
itdc addct
4000 BCE
opm pppsdmstcatd th wstMdtaa.opm,whch ca havstdm th wld,s paly thldst actc.
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