Java Development With MongoDB

Java Development with MongoDB
Brendan W. McAdams
Novus Partners, Inc.

http://novus.com
May 2010 / Mongo NYC
Brendan W. McAdams (Novus Partners, Inc.) Java Development with MongoDB Mongo NYC, May 2010 1 / 44
Outline
1 MongoDB + Java Basics

Setting up your Java environment
Connecting to MongoDB
2 Working with MongoDB

Collections + Documents
Inserting Documents to MongoDB
Querying MongoDB
AltJVM Languages - Syntactic Sugar
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Adding the MongoDB Driver To Your Project
Assuming you’re using a dependency manager, make setup simple. . .
Listing 1: Maven Dependency

<dependency >
<groupId >org . mongodb < / groupId >
< a r t i f a c t I d >mongo−java−d r i v e r < / a r t i f a c t I d >
< v e r s i o n >1.4 </ v e r s i o n >
</ dependency >
Listing 2: Ivy Dependency

<dependency org= " org . mongodb "
name= " mongo−java−d r i v e r "
rev=" 1.4 " / >
Adding the MongoDB Driver To Your Project
Assuming you’re using a dependency manager, make setup simple. . .
Listing 3: Maven Dependency

<dependency >
<groupId >org . mongodb < / groupId >
< a r t i f a c t I d >mongo−java−d r i v e r < / a r t i f a c t I d >
< v e r s i o n >1.4 </ v e r s i o n >
</ dependency >
Listing 4: Ivy Dependency

<dependency org= " org . mongodb "
name= " mongo−java−d r i v e r "
rev=" 1.4 " / >
Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Simple Connection
Getting connected to MongoDB is simple; Connections are pooled, so

you only need one. . .
i m p o r t com . mongodb . Mongo ;
i m p o r t com . mongodb .DB;
Mongo m = new Mongo ( ) ;
Mongo m = new Mongo ( " l o c a l h o s t " ) ;
Mongo m = new Mongo ( " l o c a l h o s t " , 27017) ;
Fetch a Database Handle (lazy). . .

DB db = m. getDB ( " javaDemo " ) ;
If you need to authenticate. . .

boolean auth = db . a u t h e n t i c a t e ( " l o g i n " , " password " ) ;
Simple Connection



Simple Connection



Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Working with Collections
Collections are MongoDB "tables". . .

List all of the collections in a database. . .
Set < S t r i n g > = c o l l s = db . getCollectionNames ( ) ;
for ( String s : colls ) {
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( s ) ;
}
Get a specific collection (lazy). . .

D B C o l l e c t i o n c o l l = db . g e t C o l l e c t i o n ( " t e s t D a t a " ) ;
Count the number of documents in a collection. . .

c o l l . getCount ( ) ;
Working with Collections
Collections are MongoDB "tables". . .

List all of the collections in a database. . .
Set < S t r i n g > = c o l l s = db . getCollectionNames ( ) ;
for ( String s : colls ) {
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( s ) ;
}
Get a specific collection (lazy). . .

D B C o l l e c t i o n c o l l = db . g e t C o l l e c t i o n ( " t e s t D a t a " ) ;
Count the number of documents in a collection. . .

c o l l . getCount ( ) ;
MongoDB Documents
BSON
"Documents" are MongoDB’s "rows".

MongoDB’s Internal Document representation is ’BSON’
I BSON is a binary optimized flavor of JSON
I Corrects JSON’s inefficiency in string encoding (Base64)
I Supports extras including Regular Expressions, Byte Arrays,
DateTimes & Timestamps, as well as datatypes for Javascript code
blocks & functions.
I Creative Commons licensed.
I BSON implementation being split into its own package in most
drivers.
I bsonspec.org
MongoDB Documents
From Java: BasicDBObject
Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

driver has a new base class of BSONObject related to the BSON
split-off)
Easiest way to work with Mongo Documents is BasicDBObject. . .
I BasicDBObject implements java.util.LinkedHashMap<String,
Object>
I Mutable object
I Can take a Map as a constructor parameter
I Example:
DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject ( ) ;
doc . p u t ( " username " , " bwmcadams " ) ;
doc . p u t ( " password " , "MongoNYC" ) ;
I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Use BasicDBList (implements java.util.ArrayList<Object>) to
represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents

split-off)
Object>
I Mutable object
I Example:

represent Arrays.
MongoDB Documents
From Java: BasicDBObjectBuilder
For those who prefer immutability. . .

BasicDBObjectBuilder follows the Builder pattern.
add() your keys & values:
BasicDBObjectBuilder b u i l d e r = BasicDBObjectBuilder . s t a r t ( ) ;
b u i l d e r . add ( " username " , " bwmcadams " ) ;
b u i l d e r . add ( " password " , "MongoNYC" ) ;
b u i l d e r . add ( " p r e s e n t a t i o n " , " Java Development w i t h MongoDB" ) ;
A BasicDBObjectBuilder is not a DBObject.

Call get() to return the built-up DBObject.
add() returns itself so you can chain calls instead:
BasicDBOBjectBuilder . s t a r t ( ) . add ( " username " , " bwmcadams " ) . add ( "
password " , "MongoNYC" ) . add ( " p r e s e n t a t i o n " , " Java Development
w i t h MongoDB" ) . g e t ( ) ;
MongoDB Documents


MongoDB Documents


MongoDB Documents


MongoDB Documents
Implementation by Extension: DBObject
If you want to create your own concrete objects, extend &

implement DBObject
I Requires you implement a map-like interface including ability to get
& set fields by key (even if you don’t use them, required to
deserialize)
I Instances of DBObject can be saved directly to MongoDB.
Feeling Fancy? Reflect instead. . .
I Use ReflectionDBObject as a base class for your Beans.
I ReflectionDBObject uses reflection to proxy your getters & setters
and behave like a DBObject.
I Downside: With Java’s single inheritance you are stuck using this
as your base class.
Existing Object Model? ORM-Like Solutions. . .
I Morphia (uses JPA-style annotations)
I Daybreak (annotation based)
I Mungbean (more Java-ey query syntax & PoJo Mapping)
MongoDB Documents

implement DBObject
deserialize)
as your base class.
MongoDB Documents

implement DBObject
deserialize)
as your base class.
Briefly: Working with DBObjects
Getting data from DBObjects is relatively simple in Java. . .

Check if a field (a.k.a. Key) exists with containsField()
Get a Set<String> of a DBObject’s field names with keySet()
Get a specific field with get(String key). This returns Object so you
will need to cast to an expected value.
/ / DBObject doc = <some row f e t c h e d from MongoDB>
S t r i n g username = ( S t r i n g ) doc . g e t ( " username " )
Call toMap() to get back a Map (String, Object) instead.




Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Inserting Documents
One at a time:
DBObject doc =
BasicDBOBjectBuilder . s t a r t ( ) .
add ( " username " , " bwmcadams " ) .
add ( " password " , "MongoNYC" ) .
add ( " p r e s e n t a t i o n " , " Java Development w i t h MongoDB" ) .
get ( ) ;
/ / DBCollection c o l l
c o l l . i n s e r t ( doc ) ;
Got multiple documents? Call insert() in a loop, or pass

DBObject[] or List<DBObject>
Three ways to store your documents:
I I NSERT (insert()) always attempts to add a new row.
I S AVE (save()) only attempts to insert unless _id is defined.
Otherwise, it will attempt to update the identified document.
I U PDATE (update()) Allows you to pass a query to filter by and the
fields to change. Boolean option "multi" specifies if multiple
documents should be updated. Boolean "upsert" specifies that the
object should be inserted if it doesn’t exist (e.g. query doesn’t
match).
Inserting Documents
One at a time:
DBObject doc =
get ( ) ;

match).
Inserting Documents
One at a time:
DBObject doc =
get ( ) ;

match).
Inserting Documents
One at a time:
DBObject doc =
get ( ) ;

match).
Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
MongoDB Querying
Basics
Find a single row with findOne(). Takes the first row returned.
Getting a cursor of all documents (find() with no query):
DBCursor c u r = c o l l . f i n d ( ) ;
w h i l e ( DBObject doc : c u r ) {
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( doc ) ;
}
Query for a specific value. . .

DBObject q = new B a s i c D B O b j e c t B u i l d e r .
start () .
get ( ) ;
DBObject doc = c o l l . findOne ( q ) ;
MongoDB Querying
Basics
}

start () .
get ( ) ;
MongoDB Querying
Basics
}

start () .
get ( ) ;
MongoDB Querying
Basics
You can pass an optional second DBObject parameter to find()

and findOne() which specifies the fields to return.
If you have an embedded object (for example, an address object)
you can retrieve it with dot notation in the fields list (e.g.
"address.city" retrieves just the city value)
Use limit(), skip() and sort() on DBCursor to adjust your results.
These all return a new DBCursor.
distinct() can be used (on DBCollection to find all distinct values
for a given key; it returns a list:
L i s t values = c o l l . d i s t i n c t ( " postedBy " ) ; / / c o n t a i n s a l l d i s t i n c t
values i n " postedBy "
/ ∗ ∗ Or , l i m i t what you ’ r e l o o k i n g f o r w i t h a query ∗ /
DBObject q = new BasicDBObject ( " postedBy " ,
new BasicDBObject ( " $ne " , " bwmcadams " )
);
L i s t v a l u e s = c o l l . d i s t i n c t ( " postedBy " , q ) ;
MongoDB Querying
Query Operators
MongoDB is no mere Key-Value store. There are myriad powerful

operators to enhance your MongoDB queries. . .
Conditional Operators: $gt (>), $lt (<), $gte (>=), $lte (<=)
Negative Equality: $ne (!=)
Array Operators: $in (SQL "IN" clause. . . takes an array), $nin (Opposite
of "IN"), $all (Requires all values in the array match), $size (Match the
size of an array)
Field Defined: $exists (boolean argument)(Great in a schemaless world)
Regular Expressions (Language dependent - most drivers support it)
Pass Arbitrary Javascript with $where (No OR statements, so use
WHERE for complex range filters)
Negate any operator with $not
MongoDB Querying
Putting Operators to Work
Using a query operator requires nested objects. . .

All posts since a particular date:
DBObject q = new BasicDBObject ( " postDate " ,
new BasicDBObject ( " $gte " , new j a v a . u t i l . Date ( ) )
);
DBCursor p o s t s = c o l l . f i n d ( q ) ;
Find all posts NOT by me:

);
No syntactic sugar in Java to make it easier. . .

Mungbean provides a more fluid query syntax (but isn’t very
Mongo-ey), if you use its PoJo mapping.
You might also consider evaluating other JVM languages for
querying....
MongoDB Querying

);

);

querying....
MongoDB Querying

);

);

querying....
MongoDB Querying

);

);

querying....
MongoDB Querying

);

);

querying....
MongoDB Querying

);

);

querying....
Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
MongoDB Querying
Listing 5: Groovy Sample

def q = [postDate: ["$gte:" new java.util.Date()]
] as BasicDBObject
def q = [postedBy: ["$ne": "bwmcadams"]
] as BasicDBObject
def posts = coll.find(q)
MongoDB Querying
Listing 6: Scala Sample

val q = "postDate" $gte new java.util.Date()
val q = "postedBy" $ne "bwmcadams"
val posts = coll.find(q)
MongoDB Querying
Listing 7: Jython Sample

q = {"postDate": {"$gte": datetime.datetime.now()}}
q = {"postedBy": {"$ne": "bwmcadams"}}
posts = coll.find(q)
Outline


Querying MongoDB
Indexes, etc
3 Final Remarks
Indexes
MongoDB Indexes work much like RDBMS indexes. . .
Create a single-key index:
DBObject i d x = new BasicDBObject ( " postedBy " , 1 ) ;
c o l l . createIndex ( idx ) ;
This defaults to ascending order (-1 = descending), with a system

generated name.
For a multi-key/compound-key index:
DBObject i d x = new B a s i c D B O b j e c t B u i l d e r . s t a r t ( ) .
add ( " postedBy " , 1 ) .
add ( " postDate " , −1) .
get ( ) ;
c o l l . createIndex ( idx ) ;
This sorts postedBy ascending, but postDate descending.

If you want to index an embedded field, simply use the query dot
notation (e.g. "address.city")
Indexes
Options
MongoDB Indexes work much like RDBMS indexes. . .

You can pass a second DBObject of options to change the type of index,
name, etc:
DBObject i d x = new BasicDBObject ( " s l u g " , 1 ) ;
DBObject o p t s = new BasicDBObject ( " unique " : t r u e ) ;
c o l l . createIndex ( idx , opts ) ;
This will ensure that the "slug" field is unique across all entries. (A list of
complete options is available in the MongoDB Documentation)
Consider using ensureIndex() instead of createIndex().
Things We Didn’t Cover
Things we didn’t cover, but you should spend some time exploring. . .
Map/Reduce (great for more complex aggregation)
Geospatial indexes and queries
Aggregation queries such as Grouping statements (Which use
JavaScript functions)
GridFS (Efficient storage of large files)
Lots more at MongoDB.org . . .
Contact Info + Where To Learn More
Contact Me
I twitter: @rit
I email: bwmcadams@gmail.com
Pressing Questions?
I IRC - freenode.net #mongodb
I MongoDB Users List -
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Mongo Java Language Center - http:
//mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Java+Language+Center
(Links to Java driver docs, and many of the third party libraries)
Morphia - http://code.google.com/p/morphia/
Mungbean -
http://github.com/jannehietamaki/mungbean
Experimental JDBC Driver -
http://github.com/erh/mongo-jdbc

Java Development With MongoDB - Mongo NYC 2010

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Novus Partners, Inc.

May 2010 / Mongo NYC

1 MongoDB + Java Basics

2 Working with MongoDB

1 MongoDB + Java Basics

2 Working with MongoDB

Assuming you’re using a dependency manager, make setup simple. . .

Listing 1: Maven Dependency

Listing 2: Ivy Dependency

Assuming you’re using a dependency manager, make setup simple. . .

Listing 3: Maven Dependency

Listing 4: Ivy Dependency

1 MongoDB + Java Basics

2 Working with MongoDB

Getting connected to MongoDB is simple; Connections are pooled, so

Fetch a Database Handle (lazy). . .

If you need to authenticate. . .

Getting connected to MongoDB is simple; Connections are pooled, so

Fetch a Database Handle (lazy). . .

If you need to authenticate. . .

Getting connected to MongoDB is simple; Connections are pooled, so

Fetch a Database Handle (lazy). . .

If you need to authenticate. . .

1 MongoDB + Java Basics

2 Working with MongoDB

Collections are MongoDB "tables". . .

Get a specific collection (lazy). . .

Count the number of documents in a collection. . .

Collections are MongoDB "tables". . .

Get a specific collection (lazy). . .

Count the number of documents in a collection. . .

"Documents" are MongoDB’s "rows".

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

Java representation of BSON is the map-like DBObject (Java 2.0

I toString returns a JSON serialization.

For those who prefer immutability. . .

A BasicDBObjectBuilder is not a DBObject.

For those who prefer immutability. . .

A BasicDBObjectBuilder is not a DBObject.

For those who prefer immutability. . .

A BasicDBObjectBuilder is not a DBObject.

For those who prefer immutability. . .

A BasicDBObjectBuilder is not a DBObject.

If you want to create your own concrete objects, extend &

If you want to create your own concrete objects, extend &

If you want to create your own concrete objects, extend &

Getting data from DBObjects is relatively simple in Java. . .

Call toMap() to get back a Map (String, Object) instead.

Getting data from DBObjects is relatively simple in Java. . .

Call toMap() to get back a Map (String, Object) instead.

Getting data from DBObjects is relatively simple in Java. . .