Frequency Planning (GSM)

CELL

Definition: Area Coverage of Radio Base of Station.

Type :

Sectored Cell, Omni Cell, etc

Coverage measure:

MacroCell (>5 km), MicroCell (3 – <5km), PicoCell (<1km)

Wide range of rates :

Segmentation of the area into cells :

1. Use of the several carrier frequencies

2. Not the same frequencies in adjoining cells
3. Cell sizes vary from some 100 m up to 35 km depending on user density, geography,
transceiver power, etc.
4. Hexagonal shape of cell is idealized (Cell overlap)
5. If a mobile user changes cells : handover of the connection to the neighbour cell.
GSM Frequency Reuse:

• Reuse factor
• Tighter Reuse : + higher capacity ; – Interference between cells.

Design Frequency Reuse:

Basic Parameters:

• C/I = Measure of signal quality

* FDMA (AMPS) : C/I > 18 dB ===> ====>

* TDMA (GSM) : C/I > 12 dB ===> ====>

* CDMA : Quality evaluated from Eb/Io

• Cluster (K) = Frequency grouping

* Measure of Cluster depended from C/I system condition.

• N ( Total Frequency Spare)

Example : Frequency Reuse pattern with N = 6 so that: K = 4

SIGNAL TO INTERFERENCE RATIO :

1. Consider closest co-channel cells (SIRmin)

2. Measure of Cluster (N)

3. Co-Channel reuse distance ratio

CELL SPILTTING

Is needed at the time of :

1. Overload traffic on cell mount.

2. TCH Congestion

To increase the capacity, the operator performs cell splittings:

Strategy Frequency Reuse pattern for cell splitting

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Interference

Type of Interference :

• Co Channel Interference
• Adjacent Channel Interference

Reasons is:

• Poor frequency plan

• No dominant cell –> low C/I —> increased Rxqual
• Frequency Hopping is off
• External interference e.g. jammer

Analysis :

Identify areas with Rxqual > 5

=>> Identify source using Map and STS

=>> New drive test around problem area?

Solution:

• Enable Frequency Hopping or add frequencies to Hopping group.

• Enable BTS Power Control, MS power control and make it less aggressive.
• Change frequency of interferer or interfered cell (Possible to find new frequency by using
TEMS Scanning).
• Down tilt or change antenna of interferer.
• Redo frequency plan.
• Add new site.