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LECTURE5:RENORMALIZATIONGROUPS(CONTINUED) DavidGross
NotesbyP.EtingofandD.Kazhdan InthislecturewewillreturntotheWilsonianpointofviewonthemethodof renormalizationgroup,whichwasdiscussedintherstlecture.Namely,wewill discusstheexactrenormalizationgroupequation,whichdescribestherenormal- izationgroupowinthespaceofallLagrangians.Thisequationtogetherwith asymptoticfreedomprovidesatoolforconstructingnonperturbativeeldtheories. WefollowJ.Polchinski'spaper\RenormalizationandeectiveLagrangians",Nu- clearPhysicsB231,1984,p.269-295. Forsimplicitywewillconsiderthetheoryofascalarbosoniceldin4dimensions, asintherstlecture.Weconsiderthetheorywithacutopropagator
P
(
p
2
=
2
)
p
2
+
m
2
, where
P
isasmoothpositivenonincreasingfunction,suchthat
P
(
a
)=1for
a
1 and
P
(
a
)
!
0sucientlyfastas
a
!1
. Thefreeactionforamassivescalarassociatedtothiscutocanbewrittenin momentumspaceas (5.1)
S
0
(
;
0
)= 1 2
Z
^
(
p
) ^
(
p
)
p
2
+
m
2
P
(
p
2
=
2 0
)
d
4
p
(2
)
4
(hatdenotestheFouriertransform).ThisactionisverybigifhighFouriermodes in
arepresent,soit\suppresses"highFouriermodesinthepathintegral.Also, when
0
!1
,thisactionobviouslytendstothestandardactionforamassive scalar. Introduceaperturbationoftheaction
S
0
by\interaction"terms: (5.2)
S
0
I
(
)=
Z
( 1 2
g
0 1
2
+ 1 2
g
0 2
(
r
)
2
+
g
0 3
4!
4
)
d
4
x;
where
g
0
i
areformalvariables,andconsiderthetotalaction
S
(
;
0
)=
S
0
(
;
0
)+
S
0
I
(
).ConsiderthetheorywhoseGreen'sfunctionsaredenedbythepathintegral (5.3)
Z
(
J
)=
Z
De
S
(
;
0
)+
R
Jd
4
x
:
Becauseweareconsideringacutotheory,allFeynmandiagramsarewelldened, sowegetaperturbationseries. Nowconsidersomesmallerscale
R
<
0
.Weareinterestedinphysicsatthe scale
R
.Thismeans,weassumethat
m<<
R
andweareinterestedinvalues of
Z
(
J
)forsuch
J
that ^
J
(
p
)=0for
p
2
>
2
R
.
Typesetby
A M S
-T E X 1
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