Presented by -

Aditi Bhadra (0612031004)

Abha Singh (0612031001)
Divya Tiwari (0612031034)
Garima Govind (0612031035)
Manisha Gupta (0612031053)
 Project Objective
The focus of this project is to develop a microcontroller
based methodology to assist decision-makers in identifying and
ranking bus stops in high auto-pedestrian collision
concentration areas. An enhanced bus identification system is
one possible solution to address the growing congestion
problems in urban areas.
 Overview of project

RF Technology Microcontroller

MICROCONTROLLER AND
WIRELESS BASED
VEHICLES IDENTIFICATION
 Radio Frequency Technology

Radio Frequency (RF) in the range of 3 Hz and 30 GHz. RF

communications are typically support 1200 to 9600 baud.
Recently developed modulation schemes and spread
spectrum technologies are achieving up to 19,200 baud.
RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECIEVER
The microcontroller facilitates coding together with system
controlling.

Used for -
To indentify stoppage code.
Interfacing with LCD for display.
To provide control signal to buzzer.
POWER TRANSMITTER RECIEVER MICROCONTROLLER
SUPPLY SECTION SECTION WITH LCD
UNIT
TRANSMITTER SECTION
ANTENNA

Battery

ASK
MODULATOR

RF
Encoder

4 Pin DIP
Switch TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
 Transmitter Module
TWS-434:

 Designed by
Reynolds
Electronics
 Frequency of
operation: 433.92
MHz
 4 pins chip
 Small in size
 Range about 150
feet
 Encoder
 The 212 encoders are a series of
CMOS LSIs for remote control
system applications.

 They are capable of encoding

information which consists of N
address bits and 12N data bits.
Each address/ data input can be
set to one of the two logic
states.

 The programmed addresses/data

are transmitted together
with the header bits via an RF or
an infrared transmission medium
HT12E-18 DIP
upon receipt of a trigger signal.
 Receiver SECTION
230V A.C.

POWER SUPPLY

ANTENNA

LCD2×16
RECEIVER

μc
ASK RF
DEMODULA Decoder AT89C
TOR
51

BUZZER
RECIEVER CIRCUIT
Receiver Module
RWS-434:
 Designed by Reynolds Electronics
 Frequency of operation 433.92 MHz
 Power supply: 5V (AA batteries)
 Size: small and compact
 Same frequency as Transmitter
 Decoder
 The 212 series of decoders are
capable of decoding
information that consist of N
bits of address and 12N bits of
data.

 The decoders receive serial

addresses and data from a
programmed 212 series of
encoders that are transmitted
by a carrier using an RF or an
IR transmission medium. They
compare the serial input data
three times continuously with
their local addresses.
HT12D-18 DIP
 The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM).

 The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-

density nonvolatile memory technology.

 The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to

be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer.

 By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a

monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and
cost-effective solution to many embedded control Microcontroller
applications.
Pin Diagram
 Features

• 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory

– Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
 Liquid Crystal
Display

LCD’s are passive display having low power

consumption and contrast ratio.

Basically, LCD consist of thin layer of NLC liquid

about 10 micron thick placed between two glass
plates having an electrode at list one electrode is
transparent.

The operation of LCD is base on the use of

certain organic material, which retains a regular
crystal like structure even when they have been
melted.
Interfacing LCD with 8051

8051

LM015

P3.4
RW
P3.5 E

P3.3 RS

P1.7-P1.0 D7-D0
MICROCONTROLLER-LCD
INTERFACE
 Power Supply Unit

A device or system that draws unregulated input AC or

DC from an electrical power source at one voltage level
and converts it to controlled and precisely regulated DC
power at its output in a form that is required by the load.

DC
Power
Power Load
Source
Supply
 Continue…

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of

which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

•Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
•Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.
•Smoothing - smooths the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.
•Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
o The Keil (µVision2)
 The Keil (µVision2) 
 The Keil C51 Cross Compiler is an ANSI C Compiler that is
written specifically to generate fast, compact code for the 8051-
microcontroller families. The C51 Compiler generates object
code that matches the efficiency and speed of assembly
programming.
 Using a high-level language like C has many advantages over
assembly language programming:
 Knowledge of the processor instruction set is not required.
Rudimentary knowledge of the memory structure of the 8051
CPU is desirable (but not necessary)
 Programs get a formal structure (which is imposed by the C
programming language) and can be divided into separate
functions. This contributes to source code reusability as well as
better overall application structure.
 Programming and program test time is drastically reduced.
 Project Application

Can be used in bus for the identification of coming

stoppage.

Can be use as a Bus route indicator

Can be used by big organizations to locate their

private vehicles.
 Project Features
 No radio frequency interference (RFI) to the existing terrestrial
wireless systems. We have used 434MHz frequency band for
the data transmission, which is specially allotted for
experimental purpose.

 Digital transmissions make more efficient use of spectrum and

have better threshold margins.

 Digital modulations are more robust, are error free, and

predictable under most conditions.

 Signal transmission at a rate of 1200 bps.

 Coverage range up to 100 feets.

 Conclusion

We have given a brief introduction of our project “Microcontroller

Based Wireless Stop or Station Identification in Bus”. Hope we have
enlighten a lot on its technical and functional description .Our aim
towards is to provide a simple, cost–effective, and moreover future
expandable system, to provide a reliable facility for common people
in term of navigation.
 Reference

Circuit diagram and details : http://www.google.com/

LCD : http://www.freewebs.com/maheshwankhede/lcd.html
Kiel : http://www.kiel.com/dd/ and (Electronics For You ;Feb 2010)
LCD-AT89S52 interface :
http://microcontrolleravr.com/lcd-interfacing-to-microcontroller-at89s52/

http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.com/2010/01/alpha-numeric-lcd-inter
AT89X52.h : http://www.keil.com/dd/docs/c51/atmel/AT89X52.h
LCD.h : http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html

http://mmmhilda.googlecode.com/files/LCD.h
Questions