MORPHOLOGY OF PULP IN

PRIMARY & PERMANENT TEETH

 DEFINITIONS
• PULP :- Defined as a special organ with a
unique environment of the unyielding
dentin surrounding a resistant, resilient
soft tissue of mesenchymal origin
reinforced with a ground substance.
• MOROHOLOGY OF PULP basically
deals with configuration or structure of
dental pulp.
 MORPHOLOGY OF PULP IN
PRIMARY TEETH
• MAXILLARY FIRST PRIMARY
MOLAR:-
• Pulp cavity consist of a chamber & three
pulpal canals corrosponding to 3 roots.
• Variations from this basic design may be
present as anastomoses & branchings.
• The pulp chamber consists of three or
four pulpal horns following the surface
contour of the tooth.
• Mesio-buccal horn is the largest of pulpal horns
occupying a prominent portion of pulp
chamber.Apex of this horn lies slightly mesial to
body of pulp chamber.
• Mesiolingual pulpal horn is second in size,quite
angular & sharp.
• Distobuccal horn is smallest , sharp & occupies
distobuccal angle.
• Occlusal view of the pulp chamber resembles
somewhat a triangle with rounded corners.
• MANDIBULAR FIRST PRIMARY
MOLAR:-
• The pulp cavity contains a chamber & 3
canals.
• Mesiobuccal & mesiolingual canals are
confluent & leave the chamber in the form
of a ribbon.The two canals soon separate
to form a buccal & lingual canal which
gradually taper to apical foramen.
• The distal pulp canal projects in ribbon
fashion from floor of chamber in distal
aspect.
• The pulp chamber has 4 pulpal horns.
• Mesiobuccal horn,the largest of pulpal horns is
rounded & connects with mesiolingual pulp horn
in a high ridge, making mesial area vulnerable to
mechanical exposure.
• Distobuccal pulp horn is second in area but
lacks the height of mesial horns.
• Mesiolingual horn is third in size & second in
height, while distolingual pulpal horn is smallest.
• Occlusal view of pulp chamber is rhomboidal.
MAXILLARY SECOND PRIMARY
MOLAR
• The pulp cavity consist of a pulp chamber
& 3 pulp canals corresponding to three
roots.
• These canals leave floor of chamber at
the mesiobuccal & distobuccal corners &
from lingual area.
• Pulp chamber has 4 pulpal horns, a fifth
hor projecting from linguaal aspect of
mesiolingual horn may be present.
• The mesiobuccal pulp horn is largest,
pointed & extends occlusally above other
cusps.
• Mesiolingual pulp horn is second in size,
when combined with fifth horn it presents
a bulky appearance.
• Distobuccal pulp horn is third in
size,joining mesiolingual pulp horn as
slight elevation.
• Distolingual pulp horn is shortest &
extends only slightly above occlusal level.
 MANDIBULAR SECOND
PRIMARY MOLAR
• Pulp cavity is made up of a chamber &
usually 3 pulp canals.
• The two mesial pulp canals are
confluent as they leave floor of pulp
chamber through a common orifice.
• This common canal soon divides into a
larger mesiobuccal and smaller
mesiolingual canal.
• Distal canal is constricted in the centre.
• All the three canals taper as they
approach apical foramen conforming to
shape of roots.
• Pulp chamber has 5 pulpal horns corresponding
to 5 cusps.
• Mesiobuccal & mesiolingual pulp horns are
largest, connected by a higher ridge of pulpal
tissue.
• Distobuccal horn is smaller than mesial horns
but somewhat larger than distolingual & distal
horn.
• The distal horn is shortest & smallest occupying
a position distal to distobuccal horn.
 MAXILLARY PRIMARY CANINE
• There is a little demarcation between
pulp chamber and the canal.
• The canal tapers as it approaches
the apex.
• Pulp chamber follows the external
contour of teeth.
• Central pulpal horn is projecting
incisally farther than the reminder of
pulp chamber.
MANDIBULAR PRIMARY CANINE
• Thers is no differentiation between
chamber & canal.
• The canal follows the surface form
of root in general & ends in a
marked constriction at apical end.
• The pulp chamber follows external
contour of the tooth being as wide
mesiodistally as labiolingually.
 MAXILLARY PRIMRY INCISORS
• Pulp cavity conforms to general outside surface
of tooth.
• Pulp chamber has 3 slight projections on is
incisal border.
• Single pulp canal continues from chamber with
no distinct demarcation between them.
• Pulp canal tapers evenly untill it ends at apical
foramen.
• In lateral incisor, there is slight demarcation
between pulp chamber & canal , especially on
labial & lingual aspect.
 MANDIBULAR PRIMARY
INCISORS
• Pulp chamber is widest mesiodistally at
roof of chamber.
• Labiolingually, chamber is widest at
cingulum or cervical line.
• The pulp canal is oval & tapers as it
approaches the apex.
• There is definite demarcation between
pulp chamber & canal in central incisor,
which is not present in latral incisor.
 MORPHOLOGY OF PULP IN
PERMANENT TEETH
• MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
• The pulp chamber of maxillary 1st molar is
largest in dental arch.
• It consists of 4 pulp horns –
mesiobuccal,distobuccal,mesiopalatal &
distopalatal.
• The arrangement of 4 pulp horns give the
pulpal roof a rhomboidal shape in cross
section.
• The orifice of root canals are located in three
angles of floor.
• Palatal orifice is largest, round or oval in
shape.
• Mesiobuccal orifice is under mesiobuccal cusp
• Distobuccal orifice is located slightly distal &
palatal to mesiobuccal orifice.
• It has 3 root canals situated
mesiobuccally,distobuccally & paltaly.
• Mesiobuccal canal is divided to form a second
canal in 22%of cases.
• Distobuccal canal is narrow,tapering & cone
shaped.
• The palatal canal is ovoid & tapers towards
apex.
 MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR
• Roof of pulp chamber has 4 pulp horns.
• 3 distinct orifice are present in pulpal floor
namely mesiobuccal,mesiolingual, &
distal.
• Mesiobuccal orifice is under mesiobuccal
cusp.
• Mesiolingual orifice is located in
depression forme by mesial & lingual
walls.
• Distal orifice is oval in shape.
• Mesial root has 2 canals while distal root
has 1 canal.
• In cross section,all three canals are ovoid
in cervical & middle third and round in
apical third.
 MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR
• Pulp chamber has 4 pulp horns.
• Chamber is narrower mesiodistally
than of maxillary 1st molar
• Roof of pulp chamber is more
rhomboidal than maxillary 1st molar.
• Orifices of 3 root canals are located
in 3 angles of floor.
• If buccal root fuse to form 1 buccal
root ,tooth may have only 2 canals,1
buccal & 1 palatal.
 MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR
• Pulp chamber is smaller than that
ofmandibular 1st molar & root canal
orifices are smaller & close together.
• 3 root canals are usually present ,
there may be only 2 canals present
in some cases.
• In cross section, all the 3 canals are
small and ovoid in cervical & middle
third & rounded in apical third.
 MAXILLARY THIRD MOLAR
• Pulp chamber is usually similar to that of
maxillary 2nd mloarwith 3 canal orifices.
• Sometimes, it may also have an odd
shaped chamber with 4 or 5 root canal
orifices or a conical chamber with only 1
root canal.
• Anomalous configurations such as “c-
shaped” pulp chamber with a “c-shaped”
root canal may be found.
MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR
• Pulp chamber anatomically resembles the
pulp chamber of mandibular 1st & 2nd
molars.
• Sometimes, a “c-shaped ” root canal may
also be found.
 MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR
• Pulp chamber is narrower mesiodistally.
• 2 pulp horns are present under each cusp.
• Buccal pulp horn is more prominent in young
teeth.
• Floor of chamber is convex with 2 canal
orifices.
• In cross section view pulp chamber is wide &
ovoid.
• 2 root canals are present , whether there are
1 or 2 roots.
• Palatal canal is generally larger than buccal
canal.
 MANDIBULAR FIRST PREMOLAR
• Pup chamber is narrower
mesiodistally while wider
buccolingually.
• Buccal pulp horn is prominent.
• Chamber is ovoid when seen in
cross-section.
• Usually 1 canal is present which is
cone shaped & simple in outline.
 MAXILLARY SECOND
PREMOLAR
• Pulp chamber is wider in comparison
to maxillary 1st premolar.
• 2 pulp horns are present – one buccal
& one palatal.
• Floor of pulp is deeper when compared
to maxillary 1st premolar.
• Usually one canal is present , when 2
canals occur they are distinct &
separated along entire outline of root.
 MANDIBULAR SECOND
PREMLAR
• Here , lingual horn is more
prominent when compared to
mandibular first premolar.
• Usually one canal exit in apical
foramen but in some roots , a
single canal may bifurcate
exiting in 2 foramina.
 MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR
• Pulp chamber is located in the centre of
crown.
• It usually follows contours of crown & has 3
pulp horns corresponding to mamelons in a
young teeth.
• Division between root canal & pulp chamber is
indistinct.
• Maxillary central incisor has 1 root with 1 root
canal.
• Root canal is large, conical & simple in outline
& centrally rotated.
• Root canal follows direction of curved roots.
 MANDIBULAR CENTRAL
INCISORS
• Pulp chamber is small & flat
mesiodistally.
• 3 distinct pulp horns are present in
recently erupted tooth which calcify &
disappear because of constant
masticatory stimulus.
• Usually 1 root with 1 canal is present.
• Canal is broad in cervical & middle third
of root & tapers gradually towards the
apex.
• Canal appears ribbon shaped in middle
third when visualize in cross –section.
 MAXILARY LATERAL INCISOR
• Pulp chamber is similar but
smaller than that of maxillary
central incisor.
• It has 2 pulphorns corresponding
to mamelons.
• Broadest part is situated incisally.
• Root canal is conical , finer than
central incisor.
• In cross section canal is ovoid
labiopalatally.
 MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR
• Pulp chamber is larger.
• One root with one canal is
normally present.
• Double root canal may be
present at apex.
• 2 distinct pulp horns are
present.
 MAXILLARY CANINE
• It has largest pulp chamber of any
single rooted teeth.
• Chamber is triangular in shape with
apex towards single cusp & a broad
base in cervical third of crown.
• Only one pulp horn is present
corresponding to one cusp.
• Single root canal is larger when
compared to incisors.
• Canal is wider labiopalatally & on
reaching middle third it tapers
gradually to an apical constriction.
 MANDIBULAR CANINE
• Pulp chamber is narrower than
of maxillary canine.
• Only one pulp horn is present.
• No distinct demarcation is
present between pulp chamber
& root canal.
• It has usually 1 canal exiting in 1
apical foramen.