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The Gravitational Spacecraft
Fran De Aquino
Maranhao State University, Physics Department, S.Luis/MA, Brazil.Copyright
©
1997-2010 by Fran De Aquino. All Rights ReservedThere is an electromagnetic factor of correlation between gravitational mass and inertial mass,which in specific electromagnetic conditions, can be reduced, made negative and increased innumerical value. This means that gravitational forces can be reduced, inverted and intensified by means of electromagnetic fields. Such control of the gravitational interaction can have a lotof practical applications. For example, a new concept of spacecraft and aerospace flight arisesfrom the possibility of the electromagnetic control of the gravitational mass. The novelspacecraft called Gravitational Spacecraft possibly will change the paradigm of space flightand transportation in general. Here, its operation principles and flight possibilities, it will bedescribed. Also it will be shown that other devices based on gravity control, such as theGravitational Motor and the Quantum Transceivers, can be used in the spacecraft,respectively, for Energy Generation and Telecommunications.
Key words:
Gravity, Gravity Control, Quantum Devices.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction022. Gravitational Shielding023. Gravitational Motor: Free Energy054. The Gravitational Spacecraft065. The Imaginary Space-time136. Past and Future187. Instantaneous Interstellar Communications208. Origin of Gravity and Genesis of Gravitational Energy23Appendix A26
2
1. Introduction
The discovery of the correlation between gravitational mass and inertialmass [1] has shown that the gravitycan be
reduced
,
nullified
and
inverted
.Starting from this discovery severalways were proposed in order to obtainexperimentally the local gravitycontrol [2]. Consequently, newconcepts of spacecraft and aerospaceflight have arisen. This novelspacecraft, called GravitationalSpacecraft, can be equipped with other devices also based on gravity control,such as the Gravitational Motor andthe Quantum Transceiver that can beused, respectively, for energygeneration and telecommunications.Based on the theoretical backgroundwhich led to the gravity control, theoperation principles of theGravitational Spacecraft and of thedevices above mentioned, will bedescribed in this work.
2. Gravitational Shielding
The contemporary greatestchallenge of the Theoretical Physicswas to prove that, Gravity is a
quantum
phenomenon. Since theGeneral Relativity describes gravity asrelated to the curvature of the space-time then, the quantization of thegravity implies the quantization of the proper space-time. Until the end of thecentury XX, several attempts toquantify gravity were accomplished.However, all of them resulted fruitless[3,4].
In the beginning of this century,it has been clearly noticed that therewas something unsatisfactory aboutthe whole notion of quantization andthat the quantization process had manyambiguities. Then, a new approach has been proposed starting from thegeneralization of the
action function
.The result has been the derivation of atheoretical background, which finallyled to the so-sought quantization of thegravity and of the space-time.Published under the title:“
”
, this theory predicts aconsistent
unification
of Gravity withElectromagnetism. It shows that the
strong
equivalence principle isreaffirmed and, consequentlyEinstein’s equations are preserved. Infact, Einstein’s equations can bededuced directly from the
RelativisticTheory of Quantum Gravity
. Thisshows, therefore, that the GeneralRelativity is a particularization of thisnew theory, just as the Newton’stheory is a particular case from theGeneral Relativity. Besides, it wasdeduced from the new theory animportant correlation between the
gravitational mass
and the
inertialmass
, which shows that thegravitational mass of a particle can be
decreased
and even made
negative
,independently of its inertial mass, i.e.,while the gravitational mass is
*
The formulation of the
action
in Classical Mechanicsextends to the Quantum Mechanics and it has been the basis for the development of the
Strings Theory.
†
http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0212033
3 progressively reduced, the inertialmass does not vary. This is highlyrelevant because it means that theweight of a body can also be reducedand even inverted in certaincircumstances, since Newton’s gravitylaw defines the weight of a body asthe product of its
gravitational mass
by the local gravity acceleration ,i.e.,
P
g
mg
( )
1
gmP
g
=
It arises from the mentioned lawthat the gravity acceleration (or simplythe gravity) produced by a body withgravitational mass is given by
g
M
( )
2
2
r GM g
g
=
The physical property of masshas two distinct aspects:
gravitationalmass
m
g
and
inertial mass
m
i
. Thegravitational mass produces andresponds to gravitational fields. Itsupplies the mass factors in Newton'sfamous inverse-square law of gravity
( )
2
r mGM F
gg
=
. The inertialmass is the mass factor in
Newton's2nd Law of Motion
. Thesetwo masses are not equivalent butcorrelated by means of the followingfactor [1]:
(
amF
i
=
)
( )
31121
200
⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡−⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞⎜⎜⎝ ⎛ Δ+−=
cm pmm
iig
Where is the
rest
inertial mass andis the variation in the particle’s
kinetic momentum
; is the speed of light.
0
i
m
p
Δ
c
This equation shows that onlyfor
0
=Δ
p
the gravitational mass isequal to the inertial mass. Instances inwhich
p
Δ
is produced by
electromagnetic radiation
, Eq. (3) can be rewritten as follows:
( )
41121
2320
⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡−⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞⎜⎜⎝ ⎛ +−=
c Dnmm
r ig
ρ
Where is the
refraction index
of the particle;
is the power density of theelectromagnetic radiation absorbed bythe particle; and
r
n
D
ρ
gravitationalshielding
produced by a substancewhose gravitational mass was reducedor made negative. This effect showsthat just
above the substance
thegravity acceleration will be reducedat the same proportion
1
g
0
ig
mm
=
χ
,i.e.,, ( is the gravityacceleration
bellow
the substance).
gg
χ
=
1
g
Equation (4) shows, for example, that, in the case of a gas atultra-low pressure (
very low density of inertial mass
), the
gravitational mass
of the gas can be strongly reduced or made negative by means of theincidence of electromagnetic radiationwith power density relatively low.Thus, it is possible to use thiseffect in order to produce gravitationalshieldings and, thus,
to control thelocal gravity
.The
Gravity Control Cells
(GCC) shown in the article “
GravityControl by means of Electromagnetic
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