Professional Documents
Culture Documents
JERUSALEM
I s r a e l ’s S t o r y
in Maps
INTRODUCTION
The Arab-Israel conflict and the peace process have for decades been a focus for
world-wide attention – on the part of the media, academia, political and
governmental institutions, NGOs, religious groups, the business world, and the
public at large.
With the passage of time, some of Israel's critics have increasingly allowed their
approach to the problem to be shaped by myths, slogans, prejudices and lack of
knowledge, rather than by solid facts. This has been seen, for example, in matters
pertaining to the territories in dispute between Israel and the Palestinians: the
historical background is often either unknown or ignored. Moreover, even when
dealing with the present situation – the problem of terrorism, regional dangers, and
the impact of topography on borders – the context is often not taken into account.
It is hoped that through the illustrations and data provided here, a better and more
factual understanding – of past events, the present reality, and future opportunities
for peace – may be achieved.
Jerusalem, 2006
CONTENTS
ANCIENT MAPS Yom Kippur War Cease-Fire Lines (October 24, 1973) 24
Jerusalem Before the Six Day War (1949 – 1967) .......... 19 Major Terror Attacks – 1948–1967 ......................................... 33
Events Leading to the Six Day War (1967) ........................... 20 1967–1993 ......................................... 36
Israel After the Six Day War (June 10, 1967) .................... 21 1993–2000 ......................................... 39
Jerusalem After the Six Day War (1967) ............................. 22 2000–2005 ......................................... 41
Old City of Jerusalem ................................................................... 23 Israel’s Security Fence vs. Terrorism ......................................... 50
5
CONTENTS
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
Regional Threats to Israel ............................................................ 51
SIZE COMPARISONS
Israel – Argentina ..............................................................................56
Israel – Australia ...............................................................................56
Israel – Canada ................................................................................ 57
Israel – China .................................................................................... 57
Israel – France .................................................................................. 58
Israel – Germany ...............................................................................58
Israel – India ...................................................................................... 59
Israel – Italy ........................................................................................59
Israel – Mexico ................................................................................. 60
Israel – Poland ................................................................................... 60
Israel – Russia .................................................................................... 61
Israel – Spain .....................................................................................61
Israel – United Kingdom ............................................................... 62
Israel – United States .........................................................................62
6
THE KINGDOMS OF
ANCIENT MAPS
DAVID AND SOLOMON
(1077–997 BCE)
King David ruled Israel from
990 BCE to 968 BCE; and his
Mediterranean Sea son Solomon ruled after him
until 928 BCE. David enlarged
his kingdom and brought it to
the peak of political and military
Damascus
power. Solomon “ruled over all
Dan
the kingdoms west of the
Euphrates River from Tiphsah
Beit Shean
to Gaza; he was at peace with
all his neighbors” (I Kings,4:24).
Jerusalem Amman
Gezer
Gaza
Eztion Gaver 0 50 km
0 50 mi
7
THE HERODIAN PERIOD
ANCIENT MAPS
(30 BCE TO 70 CE)
King Herod, of Edomite
Mediterranean Sea
extraction, was king of Israel
from 40 BCE to 4 BCE. He was
appointed by Rome and
Tiberias
conquered the kingdom from the
Kanata
Abila
Hasmoneans. When Augustus
Dora
became the Roman Caesar in
the year 30 BCE, Herod
Skitopolis
convinced him of his loyalty, and Sebasti
Augustus rewarded him by
adding Jericho, the coastal
region south of Dor and the
region east of the Sea of Galilee.
In 23 BCE, he was given the Philadelphia
Bashan, Horen, and Tarchon
regions, and three years later, the Jerusalem
Golan Heights. Ashkelon
Gaza
Kingdom of Herod
Modern Israel (within boundaries and
ceasefire lines)
0 50 km
0 50 mi
8
JEWS IN THE
ANCIENT MAPS
0 40 km
0 40 mi
LAND OF ISRAEL
Modern Israel (within boundaries
Tyre Banyas (7TH – 11TH CENTURIES)
and cease-fire lines)
Dalton
Gush Halav After the death of Emperor Julian
Kfar Mandi Biriyah
Safed II, in 363 CE, most of the Jewish
Mediterranean Sea Acre Kfar Hananya
Haifa
Iablin settlements in the south were
Tsipori
Tiberias destroyed. The Jews remained
Hoseifa mainly in the Galilee and in the
Ein Ganim
larger cities.
Caesaria
Nablus
Jaffa
Amman
Lod Jericho
Ramla
Jerusalem
Yavne
Beit Guvrin
Ashkelon
Hebron
Gaza
Rafiah
El Arish
Jarba
Udruch
9
SETTING THE SOUTHERN
PRE-STATE MAPS
Beer Sheba
BORDER Mediterranean Sea
Rafiah
El Arish
(1906)
Lord Cromer, Britain's agent in
Kantara
Egypt,wanted to change the border Kosema
10
SETTING THE
PRE-STATE MAPS
Metullah Syria
Mediterranean Sea Banyas NORTHERN BORDER
(1916 – 1923)
Lebanon
In May 1916, France and Great
Britain signed an agreement
known as the Sykes-Picot
Kuneitra Agreement in which the claims
of both sides to the Levant were
set down, and areas of
administration and influence
Nahariya
were determined. Until 1923,
Safed the sides were involved in hard
Acre
bargaining, with the British
insisting on two principles:
control of the area delineated in
Sea of the Bible, “from Dan to Beer
Galilee
Haifa Sheba;” and control of Israel’s
Tiberias
French-British Agreement 1920 water sources, e.g., the Jordan
1923 Border River and the Sea of Galilee.
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Modern Israel (within boundaries
and cease-fire lines)
0 10 km
0 10 mi
11
BRITISH MANDATE
PRE-STATE MAPS
Syria
Mediterranean (French Mandate)
In 1920, the San Remo Peace Sea
Egypt
0 80 km
0 80 mi
12
SEPARATION OF
PRE-STATE MAPS
Syria
TRANSJORDAN
Mediterranean
Sea
(French Mandate) (1922)
Iraq
Transjordan
Saudi Arabia
British Mandate
Egypt
0 80 km
0 80 mi
13
UN PARTITION PLAN
PRE-STATE MAPS
(1947)
In 1947, Great Britain
relinquished to the UN the
power to make decisions relating
to the status of the Land of
Israel. The General Assembly
appointed a special committee
that collected evidence and
decided unanimously that Israel
should be granted independence.
Most of the committee members
favored partitioning the land into
two states, a Jewish state and an
Arab state, with Jerusalem under
international supervision. On
November 29, 1947, the UN
General Assembly accepted the
partition resolution, 33 to 13.
14
ARMISTICE LINES
Acquired by Jordan
These two lines did not correspond to the
Demilitarized Zone battle frontlines as they existed during the
No man’s Land cessation of hostilities, and Israel withdrew in
Syrian Occupied both cases to the mandatory borderline, which
Jordanian Occupied became the armistice line. The armistice lines
0 40 km Egyptian Occupied
with Syria and Jordan closely corresponded to
0 40 mi
the frontlines.
15
THE FRONTIER
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
WITH SYRIA
0 40 km
0 40 mi
17
JEWISH COMMUNITIES
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
0 40 km
LOST IN THE WAR OF 0 40 mi
INDEPENDENCE
Mediterranean Sea
During the War of Independence,
a number of Jewish communities
were captured, mostly by the
Jordanian army – Kibbutz Beit
Ha-arava and Kalya north of the
Dead Sea, the four kibbutzim of
Gush Etzion west of Bethlehem,
Atarot and Neve Yaakov north of
Jerusalem, and the Jewish
Quarter in the Old City of
Jerusalem. Kfar Darom, near
Gaza, was captured by the
Egyptian army. In addition, when
the War of Independence broke Atarot
Beit Ha’arava
Neve Ya’akov
out at the end of 1947, the Jerusalem, The Jewish Quarter
Kalya
Revadim
remnant of the Jewish community Masuot Yitzhak Ein Tzurim
Kfar Etzion
of Hebron fled.
Hebron
Kfar Darom
18
JERUSALEM BEFORE THE SIX
Mediterranean Sea
Once it became clear that the
Samaria diplomatic campaign had failed,
Tel Aviv
Jaffa
and following Jordan’s
Jerusalem
participation in the Egyptian-
Judea Syrian alliance, Israel launched
Gaza action in self-defense against the
Beer Sheba massing threat from Egypt on
Suez
June 5, 1967. Once Jordan and
Canal
Syria initiated the fighting against
Israel, the war also included
Jordan
those countries. In the course of
the war, the Israeli forces
Sinai
Peninsula
reached the Suez Canal, and
captured the territories of Judea
Eilat
and Samaria, as well as the
Gulf
of
Golan Heights – from which the
Gulf
Eilat Syrians had shelled Israel.
of Saudi Arabia
Suez
Israeli territory
before Six Day War
Egypt
Under Israeli control
0 40 km after Six Day War
0 40 mi Red Sea
21
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
JERUSALEM AFTER THE SIX DAY WAR OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
(1967)
0 .5 km
Israel-Jordan Armistice
Line, 1949 - 1967 0 .5 m
Jerusalem Municipal
Boundary after Six Day War
Major Jewish suburbs since
Six Day War
Herod’s
Gate
Moslem
Neve Quarter Lion’s Gate
Yaakov
Damascus Gate
Pisgat
Zeev Temple Golden Gate
Mount
Ramot
Ramat
Eshkol French Dome of
Hill the Rock
Church of
Sanhedria the Holy
Mt.Scopus
Sepulchre
Har Nof Mea
Shearim Al-A
Al-Aksa
Beit Hakerem New Christian Western Mosque
Mos
Old City Gate Quarter Wall
Cardo Mt. of
City Center
Mt. Herzl Olives
Jewish
Yad Vashem Knesset Jewish
Quarter
Jaffa Gate Quarter
Talbieh Citadel
Dung Gate
Gat
German Colony
Tower of David
Malcha Talpiot
East Armenian
Talpiot Quarter
City of David
Da
22
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
A few days after the end of the
Six Day War, on June 27, 1967,
the Israeli Parliament passed a
law that Israeli administration
and jurisdiction apply to all the
territory of Jerusalem acquired
in the war. The following day,
the Jerusalem municipal
boundaries were extended to
include eastern Jerusalem, as
well as Atarot and Neve Yaakov
in the north, and Gilo in the
south.
23
YOM KIPPUR WAR Lebanon
ISRAEL CHANGING BORDERS
Israeli territory
CEASE-FIRE LINES before Six Day War
Mediterranean Golan
Under Israeli control Sea
(OCTOBER 24, 1973) after Six Day War
Heights Syria
Haifa
Held by Egyptian Army
The Yom Kippur War began on October 6, 1973
Held by Israeli Army
when the combined armies of Egypt and Syria attacked
Samaria
Israel in the Suez Canal area and the Golan Heights.
Tel Aviv
After a few days of hard fighting in which Egypt Jaffa Jerusalem
established itself on the eastern side of the Suez Canal
Judea
and the Syrians captured most of the Golan Heights,
the attack was halted and a counter-attack by IDF Gaza
Beer Sheba
forces succeeded in pushing back some of the Egyptian
forces, crossed the Canal and reached within 101 Suez
Canal
kilometers of Cairo. On the Golan Heights, the Syrian
forces were repulsed completely and IDF forces Jordan
captured an enclave in the northern Heights deep in
Syrian territory, as well as recapturing Mount Hermon.
Sinai
Peninsula
Jordan
Jordan
0 10 km 0 10 km
0 10 mi 0 10 mi
25
An agreement was signed in Geneva in
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
INTERIM AGREEMENT September 1975 in addition to the 1974
PEACE TREATY WITH EGYPT
WITH EGYPT separation-of-forces agreement following AND SINAI REDEPLOYMENT
(1975) the Yom Kippur War. The main points of (1980 – 1982)
the agreement were: Israeli withdrawal in
Sinai to the eastern ends of the Mitla and
Gidi Passes; creation of a UN-monitored
buffer zone in the evacuated area; turning
the previous buffer zone into Egyptian
territory; Israeli withdrawal from the oil
fields at Abu Rudeis and Ras Sudar. It was
also agreed to open the Suez Canal to
Israeli non-military cargo ships and to
establish American early-warning stations in
the area of the passes. The agreement was
perceived as an important step towards a
just and sustainable peace.
NORTHERN SAMARIA
In August 2005, Israel disengaged from the Gaza Strip, and from four
settlements in northern Samaria. This action, initiated by Prime
Minister Sharon and endorsed by the Knesset, was an Israeli initiative
designed to end the stalemate in the peace process after more than
four years of terrorist bloodshed. Altogether 25 settlements were
removed. This entailed a considerable sacrifice on the part of the
nearly 9000 residents who had to leave their homes and livelihoods
that they had built over the course of several decades. It also
Area A: Full Palestinian Control
demonstrated Israel’s readiness to make major concessions for the
Area C: Former Israeli Control sake of peace.
Former Israeli Community Following disengagement, the Gaza Strip is under Palestinian
Palestinian Community jurisdiction. This constitutes a practical test of the Palestinian
Authority’s intentions regarding peaceful coexistence. It could
Pre-1967 cease-fire-lines
contribute to the renewal of peace talks and to the establishment of a
Palestinian state alongside Israel as envisaged by the Roadmap,
provided the Palestinians fulfill their obligations to end terrorism and
incitement. However, the Hamas election victory in January 2006
undermines this possibility.
GAZA STRIP 27
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
ISRAEL AND THE REGION
28
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
ISRAEL (WITHIN
BOUNDARIES AND
CEASE-FIRE LINES)
29
JERUSALEM OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
Jerusalem, the
capital of Israel, is
located in the heart
of the country,
nestled among the
Judean Hills. The
city's ancient
stones, imbued
with millennia of
history, and its
numerous historical
sites, shrines and
places of worship
attest to its meaning
for Jews,
Christians and
Muslims.
30
JUDEA AND SAMARIA
Hebron
Kiryat Arba
0 10 km
0 10 mi
31
GOLAN HEIGHTS
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
32
TERROR MAPS
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
1948 – 1967
While the Palestinians claim that terrorism is a response to
Gonen
Galilee "occupation," the fact is that Palestinian terrorism predates
Almagor Israel's presence in the territories. Numerous terrorist
Mediterranean Sea Haifa Mt. of the Beatitudes attacks murdered and maimed Israeli civilians during the
Beit Netofa
two decades before 1967 (and even before the
Afula establishment of the State of Israel in 1948). Therefore,
terrorism was and still is nothing less than a tool intended
Mesilot
Hadera to eventually bring about the destruction of Israel itself.
Givat Chaim
Netanya Kfar Yona
Neve Hadasah Kfar Hess
Jan 1, 1952 – Jerusalem: 7 armed terrorists attacked
and killed a 19 year-old girl in her home in the
neighborhood of Beit Yisrael.
Tel Aviv June 9, 1953 – Lod and Hadera: Terrorists killed a
Jaffa Shafrir
Lod resident of Lod, after throwing hand grenades and
spraying gunfire in all directions. On the same night,
Jerusalem Ramat
Rachel another group of terrorists attacked a house in
Mitzpe Massua
Ashkelon Hadera.
Judean Desert
Zavdiel
Beit Govrin June 11, 1953 – Kfar Hess: Terrorists attacked a young
Tel Lachish couple in their home and shot them to death.
Kisufum
Patish Masada Mar 17, 1954 – Maale Akrabim: Terrorists ambushed a
Nir Yitzhak
bus traveling from Eilat to Tel Aviv, opening fire at
short range. The terrorists boarded the bus, and
Ein Ofarim
Maale Akrabim shot each passenger, one by one, murdering 11.
33
TERROR MAPS
Jan 2, 1955 – Judean Desert: 2 hikers killed by Feb 18, 1957: Nir Yitzhak: 2 civilians killed by terrorist
terrorists. landmines.
Mar 24, 1955 – Patish: 1 young woman killed and 18 Apr 16, 1957 – Kibbutz Mesilot: 2 guards killed by
wounded when terrorists threw hand grenades and terrorists who infiltrated from Jordan.
opened fire on a crowded wedding celebration. May 29, 1957 – Kibbutz Kisufim: 1 killed and 2
Apr 7, 1956 – Ashkelon: 1 young woman killed when wounded when their vehicle struck a landmine.
terrorists threw 3 hand grenades into her house. Aug 23, 1957 – Kibbutz Beit Govrin: 2 guards of the
Apr 7, 1956 – Kibbutz Givat Chaim: 2 killed when Israeli Mekorot water company killed.
terrorists opened fire on a car. Feb 11, 1958 – Kfar Yona: Terrorists killed a resident
Apr 11, 1956 – Shafrir (Kfar Chabad): 3 children and of Moshav Yanov.
1 youth worker killed, and 5 injured, when Apr 5, 1958 – Tel Lachish: Terrorists lying in ambush
terrorists opened fire on a synagogue full of shot and killed 2 people.
children and teenagers.
May 26, 1958 – Jerusalem: 4 Israeli police officers
Sep 12, 1956 – Ein Ofarim: Terrorists killed 3 Druze killed in a Jordanian attack on Mt. Scopus.
guards.
Nov 17, 1958 – Mt. of the Beatitudes: Syrian terrorists
Sep 23, 1956 – Kibbutz Ramat Rachel: 4 archaeologists killed the wife of the British air attache in Israel,
killed and 16 wounded when terrorists opened fire who was staying at the guesthouse of the Italian
from a Jordanian position. Convent.
Oct 4, 1956 – Sdom: 5 Israeli workers killed. Dec 3, 1958-Kibbutz Gonen: A shepherd was killed and
Oct 9, 1956 – Neve Hadasah: 2 workers were killed in 31 civilians were wounded in an artillery attack.
an orchard of the youth village. Feb 1, 1959 – Moshav Zavdiel: 3 civilians killed by a
Nov 8, 1956: Terrorists opened fire on a train, attacked terrorist landmine.
cars and blew up wells in the north and center of Apr 27, 1959 – Masada: 2 hikers shot and killed at close
Israel. 6 Israelis were wounded. range.
34
TERROR MAPS
Apr 26, 1960 – Ashkelon: Terrorists killed a resident of
the city.
Jan 1, 1965: Palestinian terrorists attempted to bomb the
National Water Carrier – the first attack carried
out by the PLO's Fatah faction.
July 5, 1965 – Mitzpe Massua: A Fatah cell planted
explosives near Beit Guvrin, and on the railroad
tracks to Jerusalem near Kfar Battir.
May 16, 1966 – Northern Galilee region: 2 Israelis
killed when their jeep hit a terrorist landmine.
Tracks led into Syria.
July13, 1966 – Almagor: 2 soldiers and 1 civilian killed
when their truck struck a terrorist landmine.
35
TERROR MAPS
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
Misgav - Am
Kiryat
1967 – 1993
Shemona
Avivim
Ma’alot July 22, 1968 – Rome, Italy: The Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) carries out first
Mediterranean Sea Haifa hijacking, diverting an El Al flight to Algiers.
32 Jewish passengers were held hostage for 5
weeks.
Afula
Sep 19, 2002 – Tel Aviv: Six people were killed and Nov 21, 2002 – Jerusalem: 11 people were killed and
70 wounded when a terrorist detonated a bomb 50 wounded by a suicide bomber on Egged bus
on Dan bus #4 on Allenby Street. #20 in the neighborhood of Kiryat Menahem.
Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Oct 21, 2002 – Hadera: 14 people were killed and 50
wounded when a car bomb detonated next to an Nov. 28, 2002 – Mombasa, Kenya: A car bomb
Egged bus traveling north of the town on Route crashed into an Israeli-owned resort and
65. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the detonated as guests were checking in. Three
attack. Israelis were among the 13 killed, and 21 Israelis
were among the 80 injured. Almost
Oct 27, 2002 – Ariel: Three IDF officers were killed simultaneously, a surface-to-air missile barely
and about 20 people were wounded in a suicide missed an El Al plane as it was taking off from the
bombing at the Sonol gas station at the entrance airport. Al-Qaeda is believed to be responsible for
to the city. The victims were killed while trying to the double attack.
prevent the terrorist from detonating the bomb.
Jan 5, 2003 – Tel Aviv: 22 people were killed and
The terrorist was a member of Hamas.
120 wounded in a double suicide bombing near
Nov 4, 2002 – Kfar Saba: Two people: – a security the old central bus station. The attack was
guard and a teenage boy, both recent immigrants apparently carried out by two members of the
from Argentina – were killed and 70 were Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, with the help of
wounded in a suicide bombing at a shopping the Islamic Jihad.
45
TERROR MAPS
Mar 5, 2003 – Haifa: 17 people were killed and 53 detonated himself on Egged bus #2 in the
wounded in a suicide bombing of an Egged bus Shmuel Hanavi neighborhood. Hamas claimed
in the Carmel neighborhood. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
responsibility for the att ack.
Sep 9, 2003 – Tzrifin: Eight IDF soldiers were killed
Apr 30, 2003 – Tel Aviv: Three people were killed and 30 people wounded in a suicide bombing at
and 60 wounded by a British Muslim suicide a soldier hitchhiking post outside the Tzrifin army
bomber, sent by Hamas, at a beachfront pub base and Assaf Harofeh Hospital. Hamas claimed
"Mike's Place." responsibility for the attack.
May 17, 2003 – Hebron: A married couple from Sep 9, 2003 – Jerusalem: Seven people were killed
Kiryat Arba was killed by a terrorist. Hamas and over 50 wounded in a suicide bombing
claimed responsibility for the attack. at Café Hillel, in the German Colony
May 18, 2003 – Jerusalem: Seven people were killed neighborhood.
and 20 wounded in a suicide bombing on Egged Oct 4, 2003 – Haifa: 22 people were killed and 60
bus #6 near French Hill. Hamas claimed wounded in a devastating suicide bombing of the
responsibility for the attack. Maxim restaurant. Islamic Jihad claimed
May 19, 2003 – Afula: Three people were killed and responsibility for the attack.
70 wounded in a suicide bombing at the entrance Dec 25, 2003 – Geha Junction: Four Israelis were
to a shopping mall. Islamic Jihad and Fatah Al- killed and 15 others were injured, when a suicide
Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility for bomber detonated himself at a bus stop at an
the attack. intersection of a main highway separating Bnei
June 11, 2003 – Jerusalem: 17 people were killed Brak and Petach Tikva. The Popular Front for the
and over 100 wounded in a suicide bombing on Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibility.
an Egged bus on Jaffa Road in the city center. Jan 14, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A female
Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack. suicide bomber detonated herself at an inspection
Aug 19, 2003 – Jerusalem: 23 people were killed and point at the entrance to the Erez industrial zone,
over 130 wounded when a suicide bomber killing 4 Israeli security personnel and injuring
46
TERROR MAPS
several others. Hamas and Fatah claimed joint Mar 19, 2004 – Jerusalem: A Christian Arab was shot
responsibility for the attack. to death from a vehicle while jogging in the
neighborhood of French Hill. The Fatah Al-Aqsa
Jan 29, 2004 – Jerusalem: Eleven people were killed Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
and over 40 were wounded when a suicide
bomber blew up on a #19 bus on Gaza Road. Apr 3, 2004 – Avnei Hefetz: A man was shot to death
The bomber was a Palestinian policeman from and his 14 year old daughter was wounded in an
Bethlehem. Both Hamas and the Fatah Al-Aqsa attack on their home. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility. Apr 17, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A border
policeman was killed and three others wounded
Feb 22, 2004 – Jerusalem: 8 people were killed and
when a Palestinian suicide bomber blew himself
over 60 wounded (among the casualties were a
up. Hamas and the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
number of school pupils) in a suicide bombing
claimed responsibility.
on bus #14A near the Liberty Bell Park. The Fatah
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility. May 2, 2004 – Gush Katif: A mother and her four
young daughters were killed, and another civilian
Feb 26, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A soldier was
and two soldiers were wounded, when two
killed and two were wounded when two
Palestinian terrorists opened fire on a car. Fatah
Palestinian terrorists opened fire. The Fatah
and Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
June 28, 2004 – Sderot: A man and a 4 year old boy
Feb 27, 2004 – Lahav: A young couple was killed
were killed, and 7 others were wounded
in a shooting attack on the road on their way to
(including the boy’s mother) during a Kassam
Ashkelon. The PFLP and the Fatah Al-Aqsa
rocket attack on Sderot. Hamas claimed
Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
responsibility.
Mar 14, 2004 – Ashdod: 10 people were killed and July 11, 2004 – Tel Aviv: A young woman was killed
16 wounded in a double suicide bombing at and 33 people were wounded in a bombing at a
Ashdod Port. Hamas and Fatah claimed bus stop. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed
responsibility. responsibility.
47
TERROR MAPS
Aug 31, 2004 – Beer Sheba: Sixteen people were killed terrorists opened fire at Israeli civilians, killing 6
and 100 wounded in two nearly simultaneous and wounding 5. Hamas and the Fatah al-Aqsa
suicide bombings aboard two city buses. Hamas in Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Hebron claimed responsibility.
Jan 15, 2005 – Sderot: A 17 year old girl was mortally
Sep 22, 2004 – Jerusalem: 2 Border Policemen were wounded by shrapnel from a Kassem rocket and
killed and 17 Israelis wounded in a suicide died several days later. She was struck while
bombing carried out by a female terrorist at the protecting her younger brother, who was lightly
French Hill junction in northern Jerusalem. The wounded.
Fatah al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed
Feb 25, 2005 – Tel Aviv: 5 people were killed and 50
responsibility.
wounded when a suicide bomber blew himself
Sep 24, 2004 – Gush Katif: A woman was killed in her up outside the Stage Club on the Tel Aviv
home during a mortar attack launched by terrorists. promenade. The Islamic Jihad claimed
responsibility for the attack.
Sep 29, 2004 – Sderot: 2 toddlers were killed, while
playing in the street, by a Kassam rocket fired from July 12, 2005 – Netanya: 3 people were killed and
Gaza. Hamas claimed responsibility. about 90 people were wounded when a suicide
bomber struck at the Hasharon shopping mall.
Oct 7, 2004 – Sinai: 32 people were killed, 12 of them Two other people later succumbed to their
Israelis, and over 120 were wounded during wounds. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
simultaneous terror bombings carried out at two
Sinai holiday resorts. July 14, 2005 – Netiv Ha’asara: A woman was killed
by a Kassem rocket fired from the Gaza Strip.
Nov 1, 2004 – Tel Aviv: 3 people were killed and over Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah all claimed
30 wounded in a suicide bombing at the Carmel responsibility.
Market in central Tel Aviv. The Popular Front for
July 23, 2005 – Kissufim Crossing: A married couple
the Liberation of Palestine in Nablus claimed
was killed in a terrorist attack. Islamic Jihad and
responsibility.
the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed
Jan 13, 2005 – Karni Crossing, Gaza: Palestinian responsibility.
48
TERROR MAPS
Oct 16, 2005 – Gush Etzion Junction, south of
Jerusalem: 3 people were killed and three were
wounded in a Palestinian shooting attack. A
teenager was shot and seriously wounded further
north. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
claimed responsibility.
49
ISRAEL’S SECURITY FENCE
TERROR MAPS
VS. TERRORISM
50
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
REGIONAL THREATS
Iran TO ISRAEL
Syria
Iraq
SHIHAB-3:
10 min to
Israel
Lebanon
TABUG
FIGHTER PLANE: 15 min to Eilat
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
0 300 km
0 300 mi
51
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
SAMARIAN HIGHLANDS
CROSS SECTION
Mt. Eval
Kalkilya
Nablus
n
sectio
cross Herziliya
Jordan
Tel Aviv
Sea of Galilee
Jordan
Jerusalem
radar coverage from the coastal area radar coverage from mountain ridge near Nablus
1000 m
200
Kalkilya
Herzliya
Jordan - Israel armistice line 1949-1967 Jordan
River
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 km
52
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
ISRAEL’S NARROW
WAISTLINE
Between the years 1949 and
1967, the Kingdom of Jordan
ruled the Judea/Samaria
highlands. Israel’s ‘waistline’ in
the Sharon region was extremely
narrow, totaling a mere 15 km.
(9 mi.) in the area of Tulkarm
and Netanya. These were
cease-fire lines rather than
permanent borders, and were
considered to be indefensible,
especially in light of the area’s
topography, which left Israel in
the plains while the Arab armies
controlled the dominating high
ground. The Israeli Foreign
Minister at that time, Abba
Eban, used to describe these
lines as ‘Auschwitz boundaries’,
in order to illustrate the dangers
inherent in their continued use.
53
GOLAN HEIGHTS CROSS
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
SECTION Safed
Golan Heights
The Golan Heights are
strategically important for several
reasons:
(a) Israeli presence in the Golan
Heights provides a
defensible border against
invasion by land; n Sea of
ss ectio Galilee Syria
(b) All of northern Israel is cros Tiberias
within range of direct
artillery fire from the Golan
Heights; Jordan
(c) The Heights control the
main water sources of the
State of Israel.
Golan Heights
Lower Galilee
sea level
Sea of Galilee
- 212 m: Tiberias
0 10 20 30 40 50 km
54
THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
KASSAM AND KATYUSHA
THREAT
Israel is the only country in the world that
lives under the shadow of an ongoing
and publicly declared threat against its
very existence – a threat which has
warranted almost no international
attention or reaction. The threat against
Israel emanating from Iran comes in
addition to Israel’s vulnerability to short-
range artillery rockets, which have struck
its territory in the past and continue to do
so in the present. During the 70s-90s,
Kiryat Shmona and other localities in
northern Israel faced numerous Katyusha
rocket attacks. The most tangible threats
stem from the Katyusha rockets launched
by terrorist groups from within Lebanon
(Hizbullah and various Palestinian
factions) capable of striking throughout
Sderot
northern Israel, and the Kassam rockets
which are currently limited to the Gaza
Strip and have a range of about 9
kilometers. Palestinian acquisition of
Katyusha rockets would threaten Israel’s
entire population.
55
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – ARGENTINA ISRAEL – AUSTRALIA
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
56
SIZE SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – CANADA ISRAEL – CHINA
57
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – FRANCE ISRAEL – GERMANY
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
58
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – INDIA ISRAEL – ITALY
59
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – MEXICO ISRAEL – POLAND
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
60
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – RUSSIA ISRAEL – SPAIN
61
SIZE COMPARISONS
ISRAEL – UNITED KINGDOM ISRAEL – UNITED STATES
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
62