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~LrT (&LbtiJUJfT&# G)~tiJ), c!N@&8iW (U&&LDAlQl), ~AlTt&I~ (G1JjuJQluGuoW, Cll..DfT51 fiIf1), c!llAlTftlJ (~fTUI-), ~.u(!!Ju~w (~L._@ fiJ)QJj,4jI6"hrffll/Lb ILAJT fIJI) , c!II~QJW (Gw!bUf;TU4), ~6Ift~ tcureuu», dII!D/J~m!DUJLbtSl, cfJ,AJrL(;6)8) (U~gtT)1 ~UJW (QJfT~~u_Jlb), ~UJQJ" (QJfT/J~UJc$8irrr;TrT), ~6U)GYrUJAr (tRQJfTQrr ), 1L(J.f!)J (SilT q~), 9'lIW (5J/J~I7W), fLQJQ)~q,s»l»ag, ( cfJ, AT !AIDa; &roiu GAt It ) , et ® m 6lJ ( ~ 6J) 6UG QJ@!j/J!JjJ ILL Q) i)QJt6~®&@jW U®!i/jl), 6jUJmJ (GQJoifr61J!)J &@~, 8JWUA>L (Uc96fTlL/{hW), Q;umffll/m!D (C:w6'8@), &mr(]6I7STfTLLW (:!6rrL6JAlfltuwJ, S;~I»fiJ/ (6'8 A> f;T 61/) , &6Rf}UJAT (G~rri)LAT), &(!JJQJ fT uJ (U11J tt UJt!F 6J ~ ~ t.b), 51 UJ rr rt (G) u <!§wufiAT m 6'66T fLJ rr r'r) , ~wnf)QJ (~tI~l1I-l Q)~~), ~®Ul.u (O)t;TL/), CJ&fTtU (cWTc!p,g;J;~ &QJW), &Q#Q) «(J5firrroTr), @;Qr (~A)aJT), Gla=WLD6U (a~tTAlLDUJfTQlT QlAr), QafiiJ&iI (~a; 8A>L.DUJW), C:{DrrArflJ6Y (cM'7g W&Ar), !6difitJ (UAT(!pm/D (jj)grr",fi61u UIP~)' JjJ6lJ6lJ (JjJLULDfTtU# Gtarrib), (;)!lJ@(i;)WfT!I1 (~tbLf8i1»66J LDJDfilImt;1), u(!j)Q)w (regiment), u6I)Lr08@ (cantonment), uflJ!i{DAlfilJ (C:urrtt&&t01Tw), ULA)8i (tenent, morale), Qurr@!fiAT (~UUfTuJ), wfiiTURlpj humanity), LD~QJfi61 (sando), ufJJJ6lJ6lJ (U1(lu/htDwJ, LDJ!)J~ (6l1p), wlJ'QlIT (Q/(JrT),l.Dfifr6JTrt (Qfr;rrr), LD"~t;TLh (~m<F), UJlTmT/r (LJAjlQJ@QJrr,uJ, Qle9i1ATtb (lFU~W), QlUJQJrT (~'7frJ, 6lJ6'iJml6b (&D16bQJ '" AI), QlWUwQrr (tfJAl",I6I6iJQ)fT ~., ~, 'DrrtDJ J, aQ/6iT ((FLEw ~nlr ), c: QJ6TT" AlTA) LD (IL U 6 fT t;T th) , c!:p {l>68 UJ et diTAIfI!D ~::o {h uS} 1»8 G"llF"tb&6tr QJIJ>&GI&rr!l1~fiIT.

(3) Q~6"/J QU"<'!Jafltpu,-/

sfiuSJ,pcl GllFrrtixt§U u~6lJrr& QlLQ6rrtb&QDQT QllPrtJ51UJ~rrQ) 61QJ ~,p6 GllFrrtb&flrT Gl urrC!§6'ff)II>!i~ eyx;/tr6J1fi1T.

fiT-@ : lLJ61tTG>wlU.

(;)urr@Qr&Q""wQ)fTW lLuitt, GwtiJ, .... uittGwuJG)UJfifT &lATlD" lULtiI@)W. ~Qltb6fJ)!D(;)UJ",fifD fir~~6e;~ib, lLuitt, QwiJ, lLulltGwtU fiT"Q1U (R..QJQJ)LDu.J"~QUfLJlt) QutblDQIT. 'LivrrAlfl' 6TG6T81IW 6lILQc!Frr.v Qll,PtiI&(JQJ 'ILtDltTG>WIiJ' 67 • .,<9 (;JefFrr'" ". QU"" (!§6I)fiTr u5J 1J>t6)fJI)I. UJ t;T ffAlS1A)QST lLIQI)LUJ.III u1l7 rrAlfl. lLuilfiI)iJfL/6f)LUJ GlLDW lLuJltTG> ww.

(4)tBVPfII

QJLGlqrr/b 8i6UUUfT6V, fi1aT"~, &QJ<Ft.D, c!F&@, ~"A)QfT, C:~IJ.JIb, U tt I]' tb, 4 ~fliJ6lJrT, QJ §P(jf)QJ, 6lJ rr "~UJ tb (6lJrr 1»~~UJw) QJJ~.-611LJ UQ) Q~"tb&6tr 6lJLG>/F"6iJC:6lJrr GlfljArG6rr6iJGfJU" (jfQfT GbLJrrIP IJ" IJ rr tiJ.# 61 UJ fT." ([!J tb w UJ iii «!Ii tb 51 L or rr ILf fitr QT fill. QI L Q IF tt tb

6

&Q)!6 j1 trtr 051111- riT, ~uS} ySJ ~ 6Tr GTr G q" 6bQ Q)Q)Q) fT W {D u51li><F Gc!FfTwC:Q)GUJAr J!)J G)q,rr6rrwuu@witt<J!DfT!

(5)QlL(ii)IF"iJ C:U"""A'lW

QJLQqrr[b c$Q)UI.5l6VfT6V, U60 4iITUJ G{D6iTG)~rr!b8i6tr, ~rflUJ (;),.1) tr ySJ c$ 61f16iJ Q IF dT.!l)J QJ y;> riiJ @QJ.{DJ S; tt fJ 6DT L.D tt OJ , dJ/6lJ 6lJ !§J ~rflUJ# G1O:fTQ)C:6UrrQLfT6't5JQUJrr /J~rnLD IhfT(JriRTLDfT 8), ~rf1UJ ~obQJ §JJ 6lJLGlFfTtD&6'fTfT a; ~(J rrwel iJu5J6iJQJnlr &@j/J <l~rr6irr.f!)J 51 AT!D ar . ~ Li:> LD UJ 8i 8i~ fi6) ~ ~ ,,!r J; (!!J (!P 8j LD" 8i, (!JJ ~ 6U tt QJ .fjJ , c: LD m 6tJ UJ IT rfilU /J j16b 6lJ &p riu ~ til Lf fD f[, tr fJlIT tb./f)J ~ ~ uS1 y> 8 Gc!FfTiJ8iQf)6YrGUJ@/JIfJ/8; &rrL@51drG/D6lsr.

7. ClDA)6\)wlflw~ $61b1~ ~I~

dlwlr - L.amo, to love. E. amateur, amiable, amicable; d/61TW - E. alum, a mineral salt, L. alum en. ~L_@ - E. and Fr. et. ette, a dim. suffix; LlJJ!)J - E. roar, AS. rurian, Ger. rohren ; iL@Qr - E. roll, role, L.rota, a wheel; I2-Qre - E. will, AS. willa, Goth, vilija, Ger. wille, L. vola, to will Gk, boule, will (lLQrQTW)i 6T6lJ - Gk. helios, the sun; or606'UfT - E. all, A.S. eal, Ger, all, Gael, uile, W. 011; &A>L - E. gate, AS. geat, a way, a gate; Clir;TULj - Gk. kryptos, concealed, Q)6ID1;J - E. cry, L. queri, to wail; (JiQJQQ)QT (o;6'hJ)- E.call; AS. eel/ian, Ice. Kalla; c!JjQ)QJ j) - &QI - E. have, L. capio to contain; &!DdiJ® - E. ring A.S. hringan, Ice, hringi; &rrroHT - con, AS. cunnan, to know; c$fTQ) - L. column, liIySJ - E. cleave, AS. cleo/an, Gk. Kliben; liIw/rL. hiloris, cheerful; 5Jfim6TT (G&dr) - E. kin, AS. ",n, Ice, kyn; ®umu - E. heap, AS. heap. Ice. hopr. Ger. haufe; ~tT6i> (Gl1DfT6iJTmL) E .. craw, crop, the throat of a bird, Dot, crep; Dan, kroe., Ger. kragen, Scot, craiy, the neck; (c!jQ"6l> (o;iJrr) - E. crop. AS. crop; ®Q"AlQl - E. chorus, L. Chorus; Gk. choros, orig. a dance in a ring; ®~ (&ATW, j1(JLi1) - E. grave, L.gravis, heavy, allied to E.great, AS. and Dut. groot, Ger. gross; ®"'6l/ - E. curve, L. curvus, crooked; C!!!Jy;6*5J - Ecle,- cule, L. culus, It. celli, cel/o. dim sfx.

8n. - E.coo; ~& - E. clew, clue; ~@(yJ - L.glomus, E. glomerate, (t!J.!!)J&ct!J - E.cross, Fr. crois - L. curx. (i;)8irr@8;~ - E. crook, W. crowg, a hook, Ice, krola; Dut -kroke, a fold as wrinkle; (D)8ilT6U - E. kill quell, A.S. qwellan, to kill; (FLDW - E. same, AS. and Goth sam ana, L.similis, Gk, homos, Skt, sam as; i!lm~ - coede, to kill; &[061/ - E. shark; 8i®ffiJ~ - E. shrink, C:~n- - L.sero, to join @;6lr - E. swear, AS. swerian, Out. zweren, Ger. schworen; ~rr - L .. do; f,ltWfT6JTW - L. terminus, a boundary; j1dtsr - E. dense. L. densus, thick; DufJ, Gk, temno, to cut; ~r;T - E. drive; AS. drifan, Ger. treiben; p w4 - E.tube, Fr. and L. tubus.

UITQJITQRJrrT

7

~f)"W4 - E. nerve, Fr. and L. nervus, Gk. neuron; fjrr® - E.nag, a small house, IfirT6lJrTtiJ - L.navis, Gk. naus, skt. nau, a ship. AS. naca. Ger. naechen, a boat, urfJ8i- - E. prize, Fr. prise; urflf} - utfJ- Ok. peri, round, u6b - Gk. polus; uw, Gk. pan, all; UQ)A)& - E.plank, L. plane; 46Tr : E. fowl, AS. fugel. Gk. vogel, Ice. Jug I; L/fJ - AS. beorgen, Ger. bergen, to protect; L/rf1- E. spire, L.spira, Gk, speria, anything wound.

LJrflma: - L. murus; LJQ6}f)" - E. pore, L. porus, Gk. poros; L/6I)(JCUJrrttE .. peer, an equal, a nobleman, L. par, equal, urrrr - E.peer, to appear; (luliJ - E/ay, Fr.fee; Glurr;;~ - E.patch, M.E. botch; c;,urr.f!)J - E. bear. AS. beran, Goth, bairen, L./ero. Gk, phero, Skt, bhri; C:urrrt - E.war, AS. werre, O.F. wen-e, Yt.grerre, O.Ger. werra; quarrel; Clurrl» - Gurrfir.'E.oore., AS. borian. Ger. boheren, L/oro, to bore.

wL@ - LD{6I; E .. mead, AS. medo. Ger, meth; W. medd; Gk. methu, Skt. madhu; WAfT - E. mud, Low Ger. mudde, Out. modder; LD(!§dr - E. morvel, L. miror, to wonder; U)6lJ)QJ - L. milito, to fight, E. military; LDfTr1LI> LD(!!>LDW - L.mamma, the breast; LD6lsr - E.many. AS. manig; u)}® - E. much, A.S. mic, Ice. mjok, Goth, mikils, uSJfi6>a - E. mess. O. Fr. mes; (y)f}tr - E.mature, L. maturus, ripe; ~ - E.full, AS.full, Gothfulls, Ice.fulll; Ger. voll, L. plenus, Gk. pleos. G)wQ) - E. mellow, soft, L. mollis, Out mollig, AS. mearu, Gk. molakos; QJrf/6f>a - L. versus, a line in writing. E. verse, a line of Gk. molaleos; Qlrf/ms: - L. versus, a line in writing. E. verse, a line of poetry.

QlQ)W - E. valour Low. L. valour; 6lJG'6l - L. va/eo, to be strong. QJySI - L. via, a way; 66J@ - L. mitto, to send; roB ®® - E. wax; AS. weaten, Ice. vaxa, Ger. wachesen, Goth wahsjan, Sid, vakhs, Zend, ukhs; 6"8YJ - E./all AS.fellan, Ger.fallen; G6lJ(!§ - E.fear AS.foer; GQJg)J - E. vary, L. various, various.

~61ffJ/ UJ!D® (back), L/fitD8i (Smoke), mUfL/6Tr (Pain); G)UfTp5) (Gk. pur. fife), QJI· '9 (vat) GQJ~ (pale) (!JJ~fil.5IUJ SJ«iflJ6lJrTtOlJ! GlFrrtb Gurr6l5Jc!h~w, QJrr@ (fade), GQl6ilir@ (want) <!:pfJG6JUJ C:u"w61

GwrruL/Ql!.Dc!F GlFrr{b8i@9w et /J/DJ6fJ)~UJ" tL6JTG)QJQg/Dp5)8i.

c:fI, r§J 51 Q) t.b u Q/rsr Qj) L J; 0; fT 6IJ ~ c: ~ $D uS1 Q IP rr @ a;fiO!6 f} (!§ 8;@) LDrrtDJ6isT, <::L.DJD8irr Lt.q-UJ Go: rr tba;(;)6JTQ)Q)" tb cfJ,ffiJ8JQ)~6j1tOJf1Qg.!!)J ~uSI ~c$® QJth~Qf)QJUJrr 8iJi o;®~i.Ju@LDroiTC:!DfT?

dII~C:~rr@, boy, nation (yJ~G6JUJ Gc!Frrtb8iQr8D.L, AlUUJW [6rr@ cyJ~66JUJ G r!F tt tDa;w tt 8i/J i} rf1 !A~~fT 8jc9; G 8ifT61r 6fT U uCi>I..l)Qr(lJDfT! ~riJlliJ we: LD QJ L Gl r!F rr!be:: U fT 6iJ c: ~fT 6iT J!)J tb G) ~d1 Q c!F"" dJ&@!J G>LD6iT&.

8

8. QJL..Q,:IJ!D CUlJeSlfHiT

~!i~fimQr: ~tb + ~'*r + ~dr = ~!6{lj""6tT. ~U.p51UJ ®tOtf1lr£h~ c:!II C!!J m 6fT ILJ fi6) LUJ QJ Qrr or fiiT u 161 G u rr ® vir. ~ 8i c: QJ 4)J {D G6l ~dJQ)~ c!paflQJ6V GUUJl7rrw.

~~ti1I/Jf rJtT6irflUIT f1/O(]Q}ITthD/iJ (J/D6iJ6l/u5Jtf &(§W "6~6lIi1rQ)L1J JJ GlJirQL1T~cS Q)ffW {@)JDQr}

6TQrJI)rr rt iJ([!JQJ6tr@!JQltr. ~ti~QiMtt, ~r;T e:rr, QJmf) eJirt, CZ6lJ6'lTfT6J7lr fiJ'aJru.fIjJ ulPti~uS1lPu u~u4.

{i)Af1, C:QJ:fiffiJ8i6Tf1ar ~tA~dJQS)1D ~6W6lJC:QJ"AT et • .f!)J Qurr@Qr 8D.t61 fflJ t.h, ~ ih ~mT fikr et fi1Ir u.B $iuS} 1P8G e: fT 6iJ(J Q). clJI QIT 6l/ = Gurr®rhB· ~Av- e:!IIAJf- ~(jW6l/.

~jiJ: ~c;U .. c::g)1!6ftjJ - ~th"w - ~tA{[,,_,t1J = Cl:PUJ-6l/. ~QJ .. ~Q)@j = C'PLiI-, ~y)J. ~ilJ - .dIIJ!)J. ~1!J;8 - ~tijJ= U&Jb o;flfil)~iJW cYJI.!I-6l/. G f6lJ1-tb 8i IJ f6J8i Al6JT ~ !6 ~ IJ 8; a a; tt 6iJ 6T W U I/J/ @ m c!F fh 1h t.& lP QJlJ)&@j.

cMLDU. : c::!II + WlJfiIr = ~WIJAT. LDL1I-- LDrfl .. LDr;TW. ~6iJ .. ~. 6T iJ It W(1)!D (yH;ifrG 61fT rr L@. (!P 111- - LD UJ-. ® AfI, ~ LD rfI 6tH (1 iiJ G~®Q)61)& UJmLt6~QJQrr 6TAf1§JJW Qurr@/AiDJw.

Jl/lD..,tb: lFmLD + ~Lb = lF61lLDUJW = 9artDtD@9t1 qQ)LDth~ (gQJ6tS)61T, C':6lIAlfiTT, CF6IlLDILlW - a:wUJW = ~QrL.lJfT ~LmLtu6f)Lsfjtb(r!JcF ~A)UJILJW G!6t61. lF6f)LD - ~Q)LD. ~QDUJ +.dJIW = J)/mwUJw .. ~LDUJL.b. gQ)L.D~Q) = U&®QJWfT~Q). 8A>W/J"", = GlFfT!bm!DU U&~QJLDfT&&6iJ. ~6'fS)LD .. dN6'f)I.D6l/, ~fiI)LDU4' ~QJ)LDiJ .

.,MuS)1P1fiI : ~mJ .. ~mly; .. 4#/6'5IlP.{6J .. ~Q]lIP~tb = CllFfT J!)J. (J6fTtD!!)JU urr6lJ, urr6lJ, w@tb§JJ (~roiT6J1uurrfiiJJ ~®LD®Jh.fljl 6'T6VfIJILD 6lJ1P&®&Q)6TT C:!6rr&®&) ~6IiIlP.B - ~ufJlP4J1 - o::!#I(!JJ §JJ. ~r;6J lP{hW - ~ u5J lP~Lb - JJI(!Pf[JW. ~<Y> /IJI = (J a= rr J!)J. ~(JjJ~W = (J8"!f)J, UfT6U, tltt.

dlfJ61T : dI-dirfi- ~t;Tw- ~U&· ~ULb - dlt;JQrr = dI!lJUUQlQg, C::~QJQr, §1QJAT, c:Mf7W&6lf11r = Q:5Q1 LlJ&61f1tt, ~IJ& + dfjIQr = dNf7~Ar = (l~QJQ)QfTU C:U"QsrIDQlW, ~61)QJQJAr, ~(J6Qrr - JJl61llJ8rokr .. c:!IIAlIJUJQg - ~Qf)f.Ju.Jtb. ~1Je; - ~(iI)1Je;. ~A)(TILJ.tylTUJAT .. E.roy, ~IJ &- - E. arch; .JNfJ 66lsr .. Gk. archon, .dNfJ & = ~17 & C:urr'*/D wlJLi:J ; IsJ,QJ(1 & = U6fJ)QJ"-IQI)LUJ c!N1J 8i, ~!Dr;r & = ~JDt5JIJiQDfJUJ1J8i .

..,.,QJW : .dJI+QIWW = ~QJQJLb dN. et f}trl.DA)jD (y)ArG)QSTrrL(h>J ill"''' QlQ)W = QJw6}mw. ~QJfilJtb = ,B.'-/IDtiiJ&6QJrrQIT QJi6/6J)WlUjJtD tfJA)QJJ .fjIAlulb.

•

UII'Qlff 6I8TfT

9

.JJIai : d16ll1 = ~6'6J&r!JjUU'·' 6l/fi5'fT6l/, 1LQRf16l/.

~fiI)QJ : ~uRI- ~651rt = fi861Tf6J@j. dl/6'5J - c:!IIQ)QJ = 8jtDflJLIfiJ5J<::U1nlr. ~GlJQ)!lJI ~t6'QJfT6iJ sDl6TT'!&J@jG6lJrrrt ~@, 9.C:/6fT: E.galaxy = the - Milky - Way, any splendid assemblage. ~mQJ +c::JIt.D = ~mQJUJtb.

c:!81L1:5W : d2J,uJ = (1;a>6'fT, 9111-, QQ1L@. ~uJ + $bw = ~tiJ1Dw - ~IL/~ib = Gl6lJL@Lh 1li(!!)619. o;®6'5J. umL.

~Q)ci&Lh (etDl) : 6TQJ-~Q)~- ~Q)8;®. ~Q)8;a;L.b = m16(f8;a;W, ro5JGTTr6Jf!!Jw fi)I 10, ~I W, ~¢1, ~QT8i8).J;iI{b G)&@j,~8; &rrL(fit "6T6lJC:6U tD1Q)8i4;Lb" OTwuD Gl~6iJ8irruUJUJw. ~~ + fi)UJw = ~6IJJ;5JlLJL.b = fiT@~4Jl8; c!hfTL@, ®t6' cf E. illustrate - L. illustratum, to light up. JjlTtbG1!Drr~iJfiI)lU8i ®t6'8i®w ~Q)8;51UJLh 6TW~<9 G)61T6U C:QJJJ)J. c!JIoo,,6 ~Q)&(!j (= fiT@!DI) fiTQrU{DATt.q-lUfTWU t5JJD!i~IP'

._u.sw : ILIJ == QU"c!'§~8, {Ij(yJ6lI, L(Jw = LDfTrT,-/. 9,(:/6"': W@ - LD®L.DtD - uxt t'r - uut "'4, LDC!!JfIlI = &6lJ, ~C!:l'6lJ, ILfJ Lb- 1Lr;T &W = WITJtUJQf1fTW IlSFtQJIfjI, urrwL/.

IL~: --® = (mJ). C:~fT.J!)I. «(i;)u) C:f6"tiJfDLD, QlL1I-QlW, QJf1I-QJ~m$EJ1J..f AlLUJ 9@ GUfTC!§6ir, --L.W4, 9@ QJLq-QJd;iJtb@6Tr 6T@~U u@Lb LDthiJlJt..D, LDt&iJI7W GurrQr/D UfTL@, IL® - 1L@6lJ - IL@QJW, 1L(!!>G'1/ - 1L.®4 = GQJtb.J!)JAlLD QlIJI-QJw. IL(I§UUI.JI- = 9® {htii5fJu Gurr®6tr. 'IL(!§UU@' '1L@&@Al6lJ' (!p~6l5JUJ .JjfT[bJ!)J& t!TJOW &&rr.". sn.L._@,i G> ~"tba;6ir Gl {Drr W J!)J G $fJrr L_@ .Il... 6lJ& QJy>8i5J6b QJ",I6J® ~A)Q)lI.Jtb. 1L®4 bTQsru§JJ 9fT ~Q)8;c!li6AT& ®t01 u1 LrrtU fi)C!§~~fiI)Q)1LI Lh C:(6fT 8i®&.

• • • • ••

'_Q)8iLD : BrotT - &Q.) - 8iQJW - 8iQ)6I/- ZLQJ6l/= QJm6f1~ &!D!J)J, &QJLD -

.!L Q)L..D - .!1_ QJ @j - .It. fa) 8; Li> = QI L_ L LD fT u5I ([!j iJ u gp ~ 6iJ QJ .{fjI & lPoU6lJ 4P dI Q,Q) IP e;iJ t;r QJ Al fi6T ~ ar{b t6' QJ @j6lJ/Dl. LQ) t.b QJ(f9GQJfTtT (L//Dw, 57) = &£P6b<l6llfTtT. !lLGl)fT = /68iA>r;r QJQ)wrr8icl &tbt6' QI~Q), 9JJ/I" : Q&rrQr - C:c!lifTQr = Planet. Qa;rrEiir = QlQ)QT. a;dJJ!)J· Q&rr" L I = &JbJ!)JG1l8i. GlOifT6Tr - G>&IT@- (]c$rr@- (l8ifT@JU.

fiTLDW : er-enb-eruub = UITD&fTuy, ~dTuLb. 6;1= ILUJ!T.l6J. "fiJ Q UtDflJrr®w", ordTu 6 GIIJ"6lJ8ifTuUlww, fi5/Q"JriJ@jlh6TTrr§}Jw u~a;QJr;rrriJJlw (;)QJ"'SIT/J'-'IT~W DQrutb C:~®wC:UrT 8, fLUJIrt6~ ~LLh UfJ' lJI&rruUljJC:&f/JIQJfTfiNlJ/. urr .g,J8ifTuurrw fi)WU(!pdJrLfT(§W. fiTWLD - C:uww, 9.C:/6rr: 6;Tdlsr- C:c!F~. a~1..DQJ6& (102).

fiT-"i) : 6J61>QIT (UJrrfi5>QST) + ~tfI = q6lJTfTrft - 6J6lfrfTiJ = UJrr06>6'fTQS)IU& G&rrdrtDQlAr. 9.C:/irr: Cl&rr@ + dtltfl = C:&fTLrfl. U@8;fiI). - u.fjI&m&.

10

&@WLf : @jt ID .. ®UJ- - ®@w4 - e;@wL/. ®(f;IwLf - ®@wuw. ®UI= ILL~W6TT~. ILLw4 C:ufT6lsTJD 68@, Vi8L(J1 QlfTlP&Q)&, 68 Ll1I-~ 6fT 6TT LDA> aT 6BJ ~ LDA> QT 6'5J 1.1)8; S;W tr 51 UJ ®(hlLh u Lh I ®@wu LDt;TL/, @j6UW, 9® @jQ}w QlfT!f/LW, ~n-, <.$@w4 = ®@Lhutb, &tbfDw.

~ .... .

&AIJ.., : c$Q) - 8;QT- &iTTLD - &~LD - r!h65lJTQfT = 8n.1 I LD.

&ri~. : 8)60 - &£6161 - <$t6~W - e;lAfh6ir = c:fbQrLDfT8;c$L®& a;!b!!)IT6Or c: U tt tb u tb J!)J 8i a 0; tt u.tt ar Q/ AT, (!J> (!!J 8i roil, 8) th {D !f/ = u {b.!f)J 8; C:&fTLtDtD &L6l/6Tr.

&/A{fJ4t;TfT65JT ~i)tD lID..{DUUL@6irWUUJ-, &/h{l>Ar @WUJLD65)Q)5 IF 1}' QJ 61IT U G) u rr tlJ Q) &tDJ tb t5J tv tA fhQJ 6fT wiJ Q) W, @LDUJLD61lQ) C:{DfTdT{l51IlJ~(§ (yJAr<1u @LDrfI ~fTL_l1I-Q) ®pJlt8~~ G'J~tlJQJLDfT 8; QJ QfT t5J&U U LLQ.Jdr. (!:P{DtD&fTQ)/Ji) '" (yl([!J&~ ® NlQJ~ til 9(1jQJC:QT· i)mAITUJUJ&& GWJ/JULt « ~dr, C!P®&Qr (yJ~(yJ~[b &L6l/6TTfT &6l/W 6lJ6Wt5J&UULLJTAT.

5wuSlvdr- : &@-8i@, &($1-0;1..9-- &!fl. a;@/J~6iJ = u51@i$D6U. &@/J{DfiiJ = c: lifT dr !J)J ~6iJ, &tfi ~~6iJ = uS) @.iii 6U. uS! ® ~{b & ®/J ® fiXffI AT .!J)J W C:~fTrotr!Dtb c$®~iJrotfJ6br.!!)J W GqliJ",dJ 8j®~~~ a{DrrQu {!5J UJ~fT &/i G;)/hrftiJWtDi6/. 9.G!6fT': E.make, from L.magnus, great. ~Q)w + Q)rf1 = ~QJrtJ&rfJ = ~ &/)@!> Gl8rU. &([5 CJjrfl er 6irrff)J <§ GJ CF fT {iJr$GTr Q IF tiJ"tb c;;, U fT ® 6Jf16iJ QJ !J) iii 51 UJ ./!JIT 6iJ 8i Qr @tv tA ~ U L._ LaT. uQi6rmL& &fTQJ/Jj;J6iJ mJlitQJrrAT ~&fJfTit8iGtr fiTcy/{DUULrr fi5>UJUJrrQ), ®WrflfjfTL@J- (;)qrrJiJ&fiffJQj U61JQJtbrn{!J& &fTL@QJ ~tb@j 9([§ QJ!f/UJuSJ~Q). &!fl + ~fiWtb = 8i1J6mW = GJqtU6lJ)8i, Gle:tllILfLD e:'---fijJ(§, Lf)6flfT 6lF'---fijJ(f!j, Gc!FuJUJffiJ&(!!J65I, fj.(l/Drr: Qlrfl+ ~a61t.iJ = QJf;Tmrrw. &@ + oD1 = &@661. &([!j + WW = &(!§WW. ~.C:!Drr.: U(!!J + unb = U®WW. &(JfiIlJTW - 8ifTfJ6mW. 8irfJ + @UJW = &rf1UJW - &lTrfiww. 9.(JfjfT: &6lbsT, W - 8ifT~Lt.b. 8i(!!J - &@ (QI.). 9.(J~fT: /lJIfJ- j,® (81.). &(!jLDW = (i;}qt.lt6U>c$, GsfjIT!f/6iJ, 6'5)6tflQ1UUUJAT, QlFUJuu@Qurr([!jQr. 8i(!§WW 6TQrU4jJ

(!JJf[,filJrrQJ§Jj 1L1P6l/~ G~y51Q)QJ"IW' U16iTLJ 6lf>&j, G~ITy5165>QJlL/r§J @jpJI~fJlJjI. &(!§L.DW - &WWW - &Lb. &WWQJrrn- - Q~iJJIffiJ(:!!JlPQJIr. &LDu,a;rr(J6V - ILIJ)QJW. Cliwul1 = G'1~fT!f/Q)rrilfJ. CliWWfTQTW = 8)QJQ)Q;c$ Q&rr6i>6t>(!!J6lr fj@QJW. &tbuSlUJW = Q)8i/JG~rr!f/6iJ, &LiJLf)fT61T~ Q,fJrr!f/fiiJ, 8iwuSlUJJj/T6lJ = ~[bU.!W6U, &LbWJww = G{lJrr!f/QJrr61fl, lhWLDfT6fTQrr, G)~tiJU6lJQg. 8i(!!JLD&W - &([!JUJrrw - &(!!JLf)Qr = Q8irriUQJar, &([!Jw&01sr 6'Tdrguw GJUUJrfiQj &(!§ or6VuB Q~fT¢1mQ)lUfTQJ6 j)®WmulUrrQJ~ ®{l51J;®W.

.

urrQJrrQRJrrr

11

uxt rfI UJ6lJfiO ~ &!T rflw uSlwQ)Q) UJ fT ~Q)rrroiJ, &([!J~~ <':: Wc!hW 8i([96DJ fiTfifTUUI· I 4JJ fiTQr J!)J G;)&fT6irQJ~ ~!f)J.

&I}"&W : ®LW - @jL.&W - @V"8;W - c$1.J&W = QJ6lf)Wtfi16 ~QJ6lJ/IJI @j6lJJ{h{lj tCrt& a;Q)w, 9.(J/firr: (yJUJr6J(!!J - LDUJffiJ@!>, (!pUJoU - LDUJ6U, (§LLD - Q;LW, @J@W4 ~ &@wLJ, C!PUJ- - wlJ1-.

&(!§ : &@ - &(l!JuL/ - a;®uuw - garbha. (JWCliW @!»6U G)S;rr.mL Gurr fDJ 8iC!!J,;;$J®~~Q)rriiJ, @;Q> 8i(!!JGQlQTUUI· I ifJI·

&QJ tfJ : @O"oQ{6fT ® 6fi} Q)r6J ®U G) U UJ r;r rr ~fil) IT iJ)J tb I a QJ J!)J G> u UJ r'r ~ u51 u5' 6l5I {h{b ~ 6irr 6"6> LD ILl fT fj)J W, j) 6 {D uS) Ii;.t G;) 8= tt 6U G;) Q) air a tv G1brfJ51~!D§J. c9iQJrft - c!FQJrfI - <FQJlJw - 8=LD(lW - IFfTLDfJW.

&rrliQ, : OifT + ~6U = 8ifT~6iJ. &rr 6T6fsr~L.b (D)CFfTQ) 6UI®ULj 6TAr~tb GJUfT®6lf}~ ®wlfJ J6fT1• '9 '" QJlJ)riiJ8iJW1fjfT ~ G~8JAr!Dgu. c$6lIrT - sur. "a;QJtTfil/ 6lJ1(!!Juurrf§W" (G~"6lJ. G6fT6U. ILrfl. 64)

&"WIT : e;rr + ww = &rrLDtb - &rrw. sutunb - 8ifTwrt. &fTW + w@ = &rr w(!!J - &rr WIT orotT J!)JUJrrw.

&"ILIW : 8iQr - &QTW - 8iUJw = &(j!Ju4. &UJw - &rrUJw = 8irfliu QlfTw. a;rfJIU @®m61T @(!§L@&&UJW ~6bQJ~ @@L(bl& 8ia=w or 6isr u 4U f!_fiI)8jQJ y;>&@. G {Drr6be;rr U t5I UJ /J$J6iJ I 8ifTUltD fIT 6irr @I Lb QJLlI _ _(lQJ 4J,c$rrUJ~6f){lJ8; ~(l51&& QJ~4JI6tr6TT.I!Jl. &@uG) uQr~ Lh Q U fT(I]6lfK::6U<'::UJ t!Jjww 6TArfJ)lLD Glc!Frr6iJ j)®m-, ®""w I UJ rrQ(f)QS1 er WU 6"5T6lJ tDm!D8; ®{l518i®w.

&"Q.)L.b: c9ifTGU = ~tA.:fi' ,fib" (6iI): Gt5f}"W (GuJ. eumi. IDQ; C:UIT &lib @(!JJ&QJ (!JJ6i1/P1w

C:,lDff4W QJD@6IJLDlLI~ QatlllLlw QUfT(§," (Q~fTQ). QSfTQ). 800)

6TQrrU{hGQTfT@ 9UL/ G!fifT ~&.

tf61ilrr@ G~6b!Ww Qurr(!!JQr&Gorr6lJQ)fTW {DuSlu5'tb &fTG)QJA1U u®Lb. o;rr6iJ + dIIw = &fTQJtD - &fTQJw. &fTQ) + t8 =' &rr6lfl6U. Qt!FIiJ~J;8irr6lJ - &rrQ) 6D}Alfi1S1G1UJ8t!F 6UI@j$J.

&ffQr"Wt!j : &ff6TTW + -=fI,tbfj) = &rr6fTrrwUJ. &Qr - 8iQTW - 8JTWW =

•• • ••• •

&(I!jLJL/. Q)(Jf -8ifi1T6l/ = 8i(f§LI4, ~. 8NmW - 8J61Tf6J@j - &6fTffiJa;LD

= &(!!JULJ· c$QJ)/D, @!)!bfDw, &6iT - &6ir6fTW = o;(f!JiJ4, "'(Jill, $J(l!)L@. &Qr6JTW - aiQrmAr. &n"6TTW - &rr6ffJ = 8i(!§UUJ. wn<llLJrrw. aim- -

•

8i(!!j - &rr tr.

~l9- : (Jwtb c!Tn.!Duu,· I IJ.

eLW : &Qr - @jQr - rt!J'" - ®Ij) - ~L - @.i' LD = QJ6'U>6JT~~ ~fibQJ~ ~651th{lj 8i6lJw. ~ - ~ - ~ -~. ~ - (¥W(§UJtb = QJA>61T6l/. @L-ll> - &LtD (QI.).

12

eQW"&e : @jl Ii> - ®6mLD - @jQIT&@j = QJAl6YT6lf. ~IJQJ6V (yJ~a51UJ QlQ)6TTtL/rliJ 51fjJ&®. @oU1J G)&fTW - Q&rrAJrLQ) - @jAJT8;~ - @jORl·W et 61f1 ~ LDfT Lb.

ewtfi : ®w - G9ifTW - Q&rrW6lJlW = j}fJL.~. @jW - ®WW - ®wrt - ('!!>wrfl (@. Qu~urrQ) 6li®~) = ~IJAfrLQJQrJ @QfwGUAITJ 8)araf], s;ar~UJrrc!hJ; a;([!j~uu@Li:J 8;rr61fl. cf. E. Virgin from Gk.

orgao to swell. ~L.DtT + ~Ar = (:!JLDfJQrr = j}lJdJrL6lJArJ @m6lT(9AT, (y>C!!J&Qsr. ®wrf/ QJ 6JfT &&W ~ rfI UJ IT QJ (!!J(!jJarC: u ~u511P {6fTLlJI.-W jJ@/!{I)J!j/.

@;~._ : "~(!!J'Vr6J Q.g;@6l/ ~!D(i5ffT ~C:LD" (G~fTGU. Qa-rrib. 301). fiTArU6 (O}fhfT6Ua;rrut5!UJw. @j@~J @j®~8; 8)fT~1l>Gir (Q.!FriI &rr/A{h6Tr), (§([!Jj}QJfTt;fLD (Glt!FQjQJrrtiJ&~y;>mLD) (yJ~dJUJ Qa-fTi'i> A)Q)ILfLD Q}tp&A>&IL/W G!f>"8;®uS1L~4P' ®® fiTfikTu~ G)8=d;tEJIDw OTQT ~1!6JUJuu@J.b. 5JQJQu@LDrr.tr !61!lJw Ga-wmw QUJ6irr!f)Jw

~QJ6ir ~i}rftUJtt QJ~m1 '" c:fJ, ArWlT &&a>6JT ~L._ Q&fT61rQJ tt G1w ar .!IJl W Jj/T fib 8j 6fT 8D...!J)J QJ~" iJ}J I.b, c:fI, ~ rR UJ ~ 8; ~ 8i @ @ @;UQlQr fiT ATf:fJIW (0) UUJ rt 8i@!J6lIwmw iutr iJ}J W, ®® bTQsrft)/ w !61 !DtiJ(!!)/lfI ~tfi G) 6 fT6VC:Q) (§(JQJAr ,fiT6ir J!)J j) rft!6!P ~~ tftw., G) u 1f1(J IU IT AT et AT J!)J G) U IT ([!jf!tr U LL G;) {D'" /J a {b tt ilsT !!)J liJ!D Ail. ®® 61Arg)JW (;) CF fTQ).IJ)J w cfJ,~ lfilUAlAT 8; @jp5J ~1DQJ"6iJ, ~IJI U.Rll . ..fU G UUJf}" fT ~GUfT iDI G;) U(!§6"IJLD firW J!)J G u rr®6tr u@tb. Glu®Of)W or6luU~ U(f§uGUfT(!§@!Jw JjJfiiIr GUfT®@!JLDfT5IUJ 6lJ11I-&,!61AlQJ u51UfiiJrL[b<§W QUfT6QJfTfD.o1w, &QTW 6TWftllf9 G)6rTQ, LDj}UA>UIIJW !61Al{D6f)UJILlt6J @j/lflj,~fT!baUfTQJ8; @j@ er AT ffJJ c9 G c!F rr Q) .iJ)l tb G u C!§ 61J) LD m UJ II.J tb tBJ rn !D ~ U1 U/ rtJ ®/lfIJ;®G>LDAT&.

®® - Skt, guru. L. gravis E. grave, weighty, ~~ ~GrTGumL. ... , &«IJLD: ~@ - on.LW. c::ftlt = c::ftULb - 6lJI·' Lh. 8n.L6lJrrfJ Lb - 8D.L.8.rTIJW, 8D.J_ffIJW. 9-C/irr : Q&n"I·' ttmb.

C:&"_ : C:&fT = U8r. (Jain' + ~. = C:&lT6lJQr - <J&fTAr - C:&rrwrrAr. (J8ifTQJW = jJ6I)I ILl •. ~&&Q)'" j)A>LtuW &fTUUD (lU"'" Wc$&AlGTTc$ 8i"&~tb eMU6Qsr, ILuSltt&fifTlT51UJ cfI,&&OHJtT& llifT 8t~Lb ,g,L6l/ Qr (WI QJ fiiJ ). i)6lJ)QJ c:fj rfiw 8; & (!!J j, fiji a;6f1 ibm.

~QJ tDA) JD~ ~u51lP rfI L~j} fiIfJ.e:!D ~tfllL1 IT &6Rr L/lfl tfi ~AT r'r . u.., 6J) L/. ~u5) y;){t Q a: QJQJ ~QJ) Jfi LDrrQ LdT !D6lS) LDUJ tt iJH W, jJUJtbQUUJff g}61Dfi61uQuUJrT i)A')"'cY¥IidJG1uUJIT (!pfi6)!Du(i;Juwrr fiTArjJ)Jw /6rr"'QJA)a;uJ16iJ LD&&6tr QUIUQ)UGu.J wrr(l;J8iL._ 5/L_@ QllJ)riJ51UJ~fT ~w, ~6)Jtr cfiQr lJ)rr@8iQ».". W&c!lifif)fitTU tJUfTP (JufiRflUJAlLD 6'8QTr5J~w.

C:&IT* - CJ&IT = eMU groir.

13

C:&"UJ- : (Jo;rr@ - C:&rrL9- = &6I)L~, &mLgJ GUJAfr.

6fi11)L : 6LIFLG)QJAr{151®UU4JI <!FAlL. c!FL<!FLGQJ6iTU~ 9® 6'5J fDu 4& @j{151uL/. c!FAlLIU6ir ~6fS)L(l:PAf1 er 6kr UQif G fhrrAr J!)J GJ~fTL._@ QJ4PdiJ~ {IiUSIJPu G)uwTTa;Qr.

• • • • • • • • •

6wrr : CFLDLD - CFLJ)rT - c!FWf7LD, IFwrr - ~LDrr. O:WLD = ~u4· !JjQJuL/,

Gun-rr. 9. C:~fT : GUrT(!!J - C:urrrr.

6""1- : qrr6b - 8rrl1l-

&UW : &6iT - 8irT -8it;TW = @,@, &rrliJ,Ig;/o, UfT6lD6U{iJWUt.'b.

~" : arrT - &I}'W. «!jt;TW - @;~AT .. @;ITI 8i-rT - @;" = GJ~(!§UUfT SJlAlTLrr@W ~qa:th.

ew. : e!FUJ6iT - (UJLDAr) - ~LDdr - (9LDAT = !D@tffimQ)"-IQrQT IFn{bJ!)JQJW. UJLDfitr - 6TWAT.

(9fT rIJ g : f)jUJ - ~fT UJ6tr - !6fTtD1 J!)J - (9fTt6I J!)J = (J8ifTQr &@!J&@j;' ~6iT. (6fT1I.J6ig = mJ(!!jIbuuu~ ~ •. 9·G{6fT: fDll>'-I - !6 W U.err . " !6 Lb LJ c: LD 6lI Ii QD IF IU tr @jtil<: LD. " et 6ir U IJl (;) ~ fT iU 8ifTUUllL1w.

,,81th : ~Lf + ~w = ~utb - {ljQJW = (;)&@:i~.u, !B8i®,,6U, utD!D .[OJ ~~fio J !B"~ rr IT I 4Il!D Q/ 67W fJJI <9 Q t!F rr tD&6ffJ w G1 u rr (!96lJ)QT C:{6fT&~&, ~661rt, ~QJj,fhQJ (ItiJ(§fh~) fiTdrUaT 1f>6lIW <OT.ua~fT@ G{ljfTL!T461lLUJ GlFrrtb&6tr.

j)fiI)' : i)8i@j - iJAl8i - ~Qf)6 = iJAl&Ut51jb5JLWfTAT 6TQJ61lQ). iJJ;~/JiJ8;G8j.{151([!J&6J!D6. iJ8;@(yl&&fTLQJ (yJ{lj66UJ QJIP&@j&A>fifT C:!6fT ~8j. i)6f)lF .J,fh'" = fjmo;l4;Q), iJQ)~.tGlF"Q) OTArU4ll ~Jt j)Q)8;&AJT 8; ~u1@.

j)~ : jJ(f!>(i;)QJATftlI8 (i;)8fTilJ G>~.G>gfTQ)C:Q). i'®WlJiQr, t iJ®LDQS)"', i)(!§LDfTwV iJ ®m1fii:J iJ (!!JQJfJ t6J&W (!JJ~6'611LJ UAlIPfif)!D UJfTAT G'l6fT[b8iAlQT C:!Jrr8;~8j. iJC!!J .. Ilf = g.

, : Q{Dlil- c:~ -, = 1L(J&~rr~""Lrr~tb G)/6C!§UL/ .

• QJ"u, : JIjIQ> ... IJIwtT = GJurr®ti~, G)UfT~iJ~ f;f)sfJ,4JIQ) - /IJIQJ)Q) = Qurr(!§~~tbJ 9UL/, j)(!§ LftD(YJW 9~" ",,"5, IJIQJ .. 66lJ" ... DQ)rrtD ... fjlQ)rrfifsr = IUJrriTr, pit fiTA>L, ~Q)fT + CJ8iff6U = 6J/fiUfT&

C:&rrttU, I/JIQJrr = ~6lJfT&C:&rr6iJ, C:UfTWJD fiTtbJDW, m&/J.gQ)rr, ~afifTJl)JIi lIlQ)rr .,ArUfiIT GI"rrQgJ!)J (;),,",. I 6ll£p8;@.~ ... {/JI./!)J = G)urr([§JiAil, GI/i(l§lil~

iii'*": i616Ur ... 61"" = ~fiAf1&&UUI· , 8i6U. 6TAfr + ~I.b = g .. tb - W.61AlfT (81).

1il1iI: IlII1 ... 6 - 61111·

•

Urr6UITQJGTrr

15

~@ f6rrL@ QJLLW. ~Qf}. LD~~ - W6WLGU - LD~L6lJW - LD6WLfl-6U£b et Qrr .f!)Jwrrw. LD6Br~ - QJ6lS>~. LD~l1J-Q)W fiTar U ~ UJfTUUJ6U8;c9i6m"~j1", 9® ®p5Ju1@.

wAlfl: LD~ - LDGlfrrmfl- LDmfI = 8i@QJUULL.IbJ C:urr6lJ 961f1lLl'aTrQT (!:p~!f;J. LJ)GBr~1h6U = 8i(!j>'lIrpj6U, ~6lJffiJ&rfJ~~6b,

'~6lIiJr8!Jll!)l w6ll6flu5J6ir lfJfft!FfJ) wGlJir6llllfJ" (YJDili. 147)

(if dT U6lJl{b c: tDrr ,9;C!!!j8i.

wi) : LDrpj - LD~rT - wjJ = LDUJ8;c9ic9 G,g:tiJfilJ~rrtUJ; 8i®~UUL._L {6J6lJrr. 9.a~rr: E. lunacy, from L .. luna, moon. wjJ + ~w = LD~UJW = (lJJ@!fJourr.

• • •

LDIJjJ: LD{Drr - wlJjJ = LDUJ8i&fh ~([!jQJ4i.

LD(!§/i 4iI: LD(!9 - W(!!)lif!JJ = (j to" filf)UJ tB 8i®w QJ rr ~ 6tDfiST /J {lj m!J>.

LD([!j!A~8 O:r;J~.

lDrrLW: C:w - Clw@ - ((JWlII-) - LDrrl1J- - WrTLW = ILUJrT!h~ 8iLLLLD. GLDAf}m6lJ.

LDrrj,i)QJ)t;T: wi' -WIT. uxt + jJ6rJlt;f = LDrrj,jJ~fJ = d/6'lTQ/. WIT + illJw = LDrr~ilf}'tb = l./)L~, ~611'6l/. wrr + dIIQlTW = wrrQTW = wj]u4, dl/6TT61J, uUJ-. LDfT 6TWU.{fJI 9fT ~fifT6l/.

UlfTVW : usmu + c::JI t..D = LDrrUJw, LDrTlU + SJ = LDrrmUJ = 6'5Imr;T tf,4J1 LDrrtlJt6~ LDUJ,9;®6lI~. LDUJ&8iW,

• •••

UlfTQDQ): (!J>fitT - (!pGTT - (!pUJ- (!pUJ6lJ - LDUJ6'U - LDrr6lJ - wrrfif)6l) =

Ist&a;w UJUJffiJ®UJ Q.pifTA>L, UQ;.:J»w ~'76l/tiJ &60&®W (gQJfif)(iff.

9.G{DfT : (JpUJrID® - UJUJtiJ®.

tA.: t.6lfi5T - war - WQTw.

(!P&W : tilI-e!j) - (yJc$w = (jp6kTmrr661C!!Juul/P, $lj6lD6l)tD)6'lr (!PATU&&W, (YJ6Vu8i&w. 4J}Q6)!D(!P&W, C:urrfr(Yl8iw, JjIi)QPc$w fiT6VUW 9QJGQJrr([§ (!JJQgafJLl>m~8; ~p5J8i®t.h. (!j)8iuL/ = (yJw4/Dw. (y)8iW - (yUhiiT - (y)&61lQT- C:W"A)QS1. (!;;p&w - (y)&LDW, (y)&W - (yJ&"" - (yllJj6tf)fj. 4&tT (yl&W, G;) 6LD(!JllliW, &fitf) tb J!)J(!:Jl&W (Yl)fji6JUJ 41D{6fTfJ)/TtD.Q)J/J G)~fTLrT&6lfI6iJ c!:p8iOW ~p5J&lJjUULLD' 8i(!§ (!:jJ8iw/AiJ, ~C':PIJjLb, i)([!j(y)&U GU".6I6l/, (!p8it5J <l8i"@I)I,f)ib, (!JJlJj~ &61fJ~$66i.> (!:P{h66lUJ U6lJ Q~rrLn- &fitf) IJ}/tD dJlo~atfJ·

"G!6<9lFriJ &@tf,{h4JJ &fTL@Lb (!;;p&w" 616VJDrrTT i)(!j6l16Tr~QI"~ .[j/T Qr (!p8iw. (yJ8iGl/fmU (Yl{DoDJUJA)QJ JjlTfJ6JfiisT (YJJDu(:!!)i) tutr ~w. (yJ8iW 6T6isrfJJJ~ {O)gfT6lJ ~uS1f116iJ 9C!§(JUfT lith QJLGwrr!fltD)/b C:ufTfib QlfTAlUJ8; ~p5J&8ifT IJI. (YJ8iW = (!pWaflLW, ~Ltb, (yJ&~~Q) = ~Qg filffJ L/Jf/JI& G>&IT6ir~~"" IL6fr6'ff1,·, 6fT ;'~6iJ.

16

QPj,,,1lJ : (yJL@ - c!p~!p - (.YJ/J~ - (!p8;~ (QI.), Jil,LD,",&~ ®®8i@j <':P~6l5JUJQJtbpSlfiiT 651QS)~e;otr (!JJLLfI- GilIllI-UU ~rrQ) c!p{hQJrrQJ 4)J (y>/JQ~",UULL6N. ~6iJ 6llI6I>{D8i6trC:urr(b Ulut5}8i«9vTrG'ffl®Ji @W wrnflUJW fYJ/JG)~QJTUULL~. U65lrTmLS; (JjfTQ)~i16b C'::P~i1tb@jJ: ~{Dtf,~~ Qs=t6~W1Y>u UfT~UJ-!DfTaL.

(!}JIJDi : (!pr;Tfi5tsT - (yJ1J(£J - (!JJ(J& - (yJ[1~ (QI.) = IL@L@& S;L._mLt6Itb 8ial4!P Gt!FtlJ~ ~~i1Tth. C!P1J(6I - <!Pc!!>@.

QlLLW: QJQr + {hw = QJ,. l Ihl @6JfJI QJL@ + dJlW = QlI· I ,0 fiTW IJ)Jwrr W. 6lJdr fiTQuf:JlJt.D 6lJ/II(JQJ!T{DuSI /II tb uilJ(jQJ.!f)J QJIJI-QJffiJ Q 8i tt 6llrJr@ JPT tb.!f)J 8; 8; 691 ,g, 8)" 6fT G> IF fT tb 8i6ri> er U L5J!D U UJ & ®w. QJ@~~ 6TW~t..b 6lJLG1c!Frrib fhuS//II6iJ QJLLW <iTGN!f)J iJ rfI UJ6"5I ilJ m Q). QJ LLW er AT fJ)J tb Gl t!F IT'" c: Q) QJ(!!J j, ~ 51 GiT .!IJl i1 rff t5 ~~ . QJ A) 6fT, QJ Qr 6fT tb, 6lJ L_@" 6lJ LI1J-I QJ dlrr (ij), QJ AI1 rt , QJ6RT tfiJ@!j1 QJ6JTlt I QJ6T1YT IT I Ql6irDJR, Qlrfj, 6lJ6f»(J', urfl i (!p~6f!UJ UQ) QIFrrti>8iL(t!JW Q/Qr fiT6irua~ C:QJff. @qG)qrrjb8iL Gc9iW6UrrW @ATWIT6JT6'4)QJ QJ L (;) LD fT sP u51661 Q)A)Q). QJ LL_ - 6iJ (!Jj/J{D (QI .. ) L.verlo, to tum ...

QlQu-QlrtD: Qltfi + ~fiW W = Qlf}"QflTW - 6lJ6Ura'tfTl..D. Qlrf) = QJA>t;T6l/ I tEJ /DWI lOT ~16I1 u rrL(l;J I QJI.JA7JT6lf)QST. Qlt;T67SlJT W = 6lJAlr;TGlJ I et ~;;/fJJ I U"L(GJI t5JJDW, @6lJW, Ql6AT4iATW = ti1JDW, QJ6lJ)r!Ii, UfTL@, o:t6{DW.

QlfiIIf}&6iir: QJfTrnfl- QJrralif1&W - QJ65lflc!JjAf = 6llJm6U an..pSlu Glurr([§6tr fiiI/bUQlQu, QJfT6Rf/ = Gl8=fTGUI QlrrQI(J&W - QJrrrnflUJQsr. @W1, 6lJQr .. QJ 6Rf/ & t.b - QJ IT rnfl & W 6T dr .!!)J W" J.b I QJ A> 6Tr 6l/ G) U fT (!§ 6ir QJQTrT #UJfif)u)8; ®pSI&@!JW. JfJAf1~{DuSJY>U U@jUUrrfitfT !6fTvUQJ6U)8i W8;tJjL._tjrfli616iJ I fi6I tbU6f)QSTIU""'" QJ6Rf/&'" d/6lJQJ 6 QJ rrrnfl&lt 6TCiIr(llJe9 (D)e: rr6UQJrr(J6lJ(J III G)~rr. J!)J (;) llirr L._@8i ®PSI &&u u@51ArJlJwtt .

• fir., : Q1Qr .. 6lJ6tr6Yft .. QJ6iJ6"6) = QJQDQTt6~ Q&fTLfI-

9.(J!6fT: G&rr(!l - Q&fTLII-

aQl&U, : C:QJ@i + c:JIw = C:6lI&W = G1&rri)u,-/, &@6GlWI 8i(bJc9(;1c!F6l)il/. & JI)J & JJ)J U '-I ' @JLLlJ-& QI) 8; er AT U fifT Q/ J..b G) /6 (f!j U 48; ® pSI ~ tfi G) 5 "",66161f1ArIJ)J tb U1JlJti~A)QlC:UJ. "U U tbpSl UJ Q u rr (!§6b" 8iQr 6iJ6mfJQJrrtiJ G)QJJl;6 6'8@QJ~"6iJ fiimfJ6lf (J6lJ&W fiTWUU I· , §JJ.

c:J)IflsrWW (U/DAlQJ), 68»L1.b, ~I..DfiI)IJ, fDfT17th (UAfr' 10) (!JJ'P;i.oJW 616lJ GllF"~ @~urr~ Cl6ultUGIurrC!§6fr G1~UJrrQJ1l11-tJJlLb, @61)QJ G1~.Q6rrtb&<:::QT .,.GTU.IiJ a{D!D{DWI @#QO=fTtD&Qr a~fT.pSlu uQ)QJrruS)I7LDfT'*'(GI8i6JTffQiT6J)LJ) UJrr~Lb, @QJJbpSlOr (lQJtTU QUrT(!jfil)QT8; &f1LL&8aLf-UJ UJID Qc!Frrib&6Tr j)lDji

urrQJrrQlJ'rT

17

GJ~fTu5J!i~mI.DUJfT~W.l U.wa>L& c$rrQ)~1JI6 (i;}6rr.u6l5J1U (il)a;lJ" ~ GlILI"AT Jl)I Lb (DW8;5J6lsT AlLDUJ fT.iJ}J tb, j)QJdJ{l51. c: QJ"" U Gurr(ljQD6TT cII¢Jw j)' IIS)QJ A) 6lJ.

(6) G'lqrrw QllJI-6l/ wrrtbfOw.

or-@: 9LUJ!r.J;~ - 1La:~iJ - ~t!f~~ - 96tv~, (JQJ,. '9 - C:QJ~lSJ-. (7) 6fliJAlwuJ1lPuL/.

fiT"@ : (lQJorfr;rLIT ~ L51 (D(;IL.Drr u5J# (;) ~rrtb8jQr ~uSJ u5J6iJ 6lJ{i1Jl QJ!pdiJ& QJv>riI&, c::!#IfhAr QtiJAlLIJ Q8i@6lJ§JJ 9(1!j~61DQ)·

(8) G) LlJfT fPl QJ!J) & 8iu5J 6l/.

or-@: ~uf!4Pq G'l6rrtDe;G)mwUfilJrrw 9DiJ<D16lJfTQg{DrTtU QlI/)8;@ 6"8V;iAb G)&rr6dlTClL GlqwiJ6\S)6iJT, j)JDI~t6J6iJ ~uSlGJ#J>m 9(I!J GLDrru5K1w t6JfJrr IJIGurrw 6T~U§JJ IL./!)J~. U16tT4, j)~QJQ')fJ e:IIIAltfiu L/8iV;Ji6 QJtA~iJtb@[) LDn-{Drr &.

c:fbIflUJtiJ (]Uff6V a.QJ&QJgx4 &g)J,; "~ny}Jt/J6 #JtiTJ~Jb~ffU{tir IlTg)J~ JI/DW tf}6IJ"'ti# (J1FUJQ)tDlfJI QJ~66Clf).

firQr J!)J j)1J1iJ&CZQJ C:~([§th.

CMtfIuL/, LDliJV;g~, ~QJ61D& firQJT &Jw J!)J ~u51Ii># Glc!F"!De;tilf1(!§U U 6lJ W, ~ QJ tb.f!)J itT 9wG JDfJll tb 6lJ VJ t6J sur L£)Q), ~ QJT Ii toW, qtAC:~fT6l.JItb ~Qu!D QJLQeF"JiJ&<J6TT QJlJ)ffiJiJ QJ®Ql6l)~ 9C!§ SifT LLJT OJ'';; c9i6Rr@ Gl ~6IfIl/j.

9. 8IeQJ"I-'U'; QR!ba6ir

~_, j,t;-.I)I : d/6JlJf) iA.!jI + c:MQr.[!)J = .d>/6JlJf) fi{Dw J!)J = c:!llfinfJj~6· ~. + c!II~ = ~drQfTIjJ = ~~~m8iUJ4JI, ~§J. JIIAr +JjJ (dJllJl)= ~.!f)J = ~§JJ

JII,sJ,: ~tDllLltb .. ~{l5JUJ!6 + FF = J)/tDltL/JI- d1tD1'4~ .. dl/tDI_ .. ~tDliJ - 1. QIlQrRfJAl6lJGW"®mLD tf18iIJ,>&fTfil) fi8m6'6T(yJ{iJJ!)J

2. (yJOTAi16lJ'KiU GUJfT(!§6f)W et ~ It 8ifTQ) 661A)fi'6T(!ptbJ!)J

3. 6)"QlQ> 9®fN>W mI(;6,.;6TcYJJDJDI.

j)Af1, ~!& IL/w + tC = c:lII tDllLliB - ~tDllL/" 6T61rT J!)J ust W. /6 - fJ, (Jurrfi6J, 9.Cl16fT: JjJAfI - JjI~ - ~~. 'j)' (yl.AfJfilS)Q) G'llLIfT®6I>LD 661~ UJfT&& &(!!n5UULL U1fiV '9"~' C:urrAr/D Q)}AlAT&Qr C:~rr.{l5J..,.. 9® 8irrQ)~~6iJ 'G6tUIlIW' 6TOrfjlJW C!PdJ!!)I, ~A>W (!p6irAf/m6lJu5J ~w QJ~r6J5JtbJl)l.

cIII~A)1i : ~@Lb - ~@Ji + 6J = dI@Qf)/6 R*-OJ-~. fYJwAf}6I)QJ QUJrr(!§A>LD 6iI(§~.

18

~JDS QlFliJ ,C:tD": ~!De9GlFtiJ:fDI + FFILJW + f? = ~{!J®Qr!FtiJ SILI(JLDfT - ~!Dc9QlFtiJS(JLDrr. FFlLfw = ~C!§@!JWI @@LiJ (~m6WQ1/mST): ~. ~/rQJ8; @;t6JLllSJfrnLQ G5fTQ;.

~t6Jti~lU"tt: JJlt6JIhD + FFlLlrTrt = ~t6JJi;SUJrrn- = dJlt6I~ilLfTfr (c:!JIt6IUJrrrT) : FF = @® (4U6U)Q'rT6'5Jmm).

~t61I1.JC:LDfTfiiT: ~t6JlLfw + J)/QJW = ~t6I'4LD6lJm- - ~t6IlLILDrrdr - d)lpS/ILf(]wrrm. "~fP 6lJrr®s Q~tlJUJ @5wGW."

JJI JDI tott Ir: ~ J!)J61lfT It - J)I JW. WfT rt = ~ J!)J ~(b®. I'LArrrfgJ}/QJ fT'" - ILmrfgJ}/LDrrrr - IL~LDfTrT = !fL6RrORT. Q8ifTGlr6lJfTn- - QaifTQrWn-rf

- GJ8JfT6UrWfT-rr = Glo;rr6Tr6TT"1 UfiWalL8;8JfTQ)j,ilib 96iJC:QJ"rT 6'T i}tt lhfTQ) 6'6I6lJ)QT(Y>{iJl!)J W 'Q lFli.J6lJIT61r' et WfJlJ Li> mJm6WGUJ6cfF LDfT r!Jj QJ Y;>!&J 51 QI !h~/P. t5J tD<$ tr 6lJj, il 6iJ. dfI, 6Itsr u rr tb U LIT 8;QJ)8j G1 UJ tt ¢1 fA ~ L.D tb Gl!D 6iJ 60 tt Lb QJ IJ) 8i ~ 6'8yJ 1 ~ Q., 6lJ tt fiBr u rr tb UL"&m~Gw ~~~fT~tb~8i®w ~UfT~QJfT8i QJ~~~ 6lI(!!)iJokr !DfjI. @~C:QJ 'Qlrr6V' I 'u rr6tr' r-r-{b.!J)J fiD1AlfilfTGUJt!F CF th.

~ • .I)J : (~6fSTp5J): ~6lJfit)fT~ - ~6UQ)~ - ~QrJ!)J (~6iJ+8)· ~Q)6l)rr ~ - ~6i:JiO ~ - @W9)J. G'llFfT6UfiUrr 4JJ aurr filTfTAT 1 IfJAr.f!)J G'/qrrQsrQTrrliJ 6TW~t.D 6ll1J)&®.$~v;rr C:!5fT c$~c$.

-45ltult : cfj@j + foFUJtT = cfJ,gUJIr - c:f:l,HJUJtT = ~®c$. FFUJQ) - FFUJrT - ~U.Jtt. ~UJ6iJ = ~lh. ~@& (Dfi6>GRTQ;JQ)66().

9.CtDfT: CDlr!FUJ6U = GllFtiJe;. "@@1J!J7 GJQlQhg~t!F Qc9=UJ6lJ."

cfl,5)aS1IUIT: c:ti@) + @ib + ~UJ" = ~~o6IUJfr.

-4liJfiiTg: cfJ,® + ~Qr + IJjJ (~~) = c::fJ,5Jfdrr./J)J = ~5J~D·

-4@JU : (cfJ, QJ AT. 7). ~u (~QJlt 218). ~6lJ. ~®QJ firQrUAT

U 6hr 6lf) L& r.$ fT wi; i16b ~ ® il ~ 6lRfT U G u rr §P QJ fT t6I ®tA ~i11T. U/a,4 6lI-U 6TQfT~~rf1~~ UlArI u ILUJlriJ6l>alfr~@t.b 6lJ. ~o"op5JA>6W 8i®w QJGm[TUJ Jl)J Q;&U ULL6?fT.

j)"j) : @rfl = ~®!fi~1 ~rf = @rfJ~il : @rt@ (~(!§:fl,i1) ~ wG) U 6m LI 1LlJ.!..@ I Q r!1) fT '" ~ et Qrr U fi5T Q/ W ~ ffiJ ffiJ me: LJ). FF[b.f!)lu51 rt JK@!]:2ijJJJLb UI (lJ<OUJQS)QfTUJfT ®w QlQ)ai C:u rr ~ w!

9· c: {DfT: 1LJJ)l - 1L.[!)ff = 1LJl)J ~4Jl1 fL!f)lT IL, ~GTTG U 6'5lL, @Af1, ~ rR - @,., ~ et ~ t::!PI",G U fir) L c: UJ t.51 PJ fiiJ Of) 6T{ U1 tt (f!Jw 6lI Alai

• •

(iTQT Jf)J LDfT LD.

j)jJlUIT : (~J!)J&): FFUJfiiJ - fofU1tT. ~.gJJ + FFUJrT = ~dJUJtT. Qg6fjwtt {f166 UJrT "'QrU6V6lfW ~du ffilfilfTCJ LD.

~1iI&QI1I.b: FFr5J(t!J + ~6'frW = FFr6Jc9i6JTW - ~ffiJaifilfTtb - ~ffiJ/§Jwtb~ riiJ!6J AT J @r&Jf6JQfTtb .. ~ AT 6fT fiIfT Lh. cfJ, r6J & fiJI Lb UJ fT r5J 8i 6fT W et WU WSl/ W ~t&J 1IiJ6JTC:w.

•

UrrQJrr6ATrT

19

"arLD": FFfJlJQIfTfr - ~~QJn- - ~fJlJLDtr - foFQrLDrT.

__ Alr@j: QqW6l/ - GCFUJ@j = G)qliJQQJfiiT (9@65)1.1), (D)qtiJ(§ +w =

Go=liJ®w = G'l8uJC:QJW (UW6lJlW)

lLGtlJT@j = JlL655rC:uGir. lL6W®W = tL6DrC:utb. bTQJr® + i' = 6'TwC:t$rr = fiTwlsrauQTfT? (6"5I651rr)

ILQfI1rr: 1L6Dr +~ = ILfilfIfTfT. '~' 6l/W if}@ GJ,,"y51dJ QUU_lIt 66J@jiJUJ tt ® W. ~ flJ tr, tf16lJ", I.5I6UT fT c!::p ~ f81U fill QJ CY' ~tbq, fT QJ ~ Gl~fTy51Q)"~ GUUJfr8iQr. '~6U' 6i1~~C:UJ '~' QJfTc!Jj8; (§6lJ)/Dti1h Q~65fI~LDfTt.b.

ILfifWGwfiIT: ~Gkr~Lb + fiTQT = .L..,.~G)U)6V - L6i6TG)WAT.

ILfi1II1tTj,~IU: ILfifMrt/14J1 + fTUJ = ILQlfT!r~"UJ - 8L6Wtt~~UJ = lL6lmtt~{D.

ILIiB: (GluUJQIJ~r!F ~(t!Jf;JJ:

tub ILth~rr®w ~L~LDrr ®~L (G'1~rrGiJ. 777) 1L.u!i~BlC:fiJTrrtT : (ILtU[h(J1fJfTrT) ILtll!6~ + FFtoK::fi5Trrrr = ILruthg,u5J G6'4Trnt - ILtiJ{6~~K::mrrrt - lLuj[6i)iiJGwrrrr. ~, !fPm'iW 68 6m aT.

~.C:!DfT: ~u9JC:QfTrrrT, aurru5JCJQJTfTtt.

ILWtfI: ILUJrfl = tLUJtT di~.

ILlUtfilU: tLUJrf1 UJ = 9LUJtT ~iJUJ

'_6I)U~~Bl. (ILmt;Tuu"di): ILmlJ~if» + FfC:UJ6ir -1L~1J~~C:UJ6irr - lLallJ ~m - ILm(l "p,U1fiir - .R..6Ulo-- /JiJ~w. FF(JUJtOiT '67Qu' ~ttQlU GJUfT ([§dr u@6lJG$lJrr(!!J 6'8(:!!JiJ· 9.C:!6fT: 6lJfTGQJQg = QJ(lLDfTLL..JTUJ tr, G)qrr6iJsudiJ&G6TfW = Ga=rr6UQJWrrl· 1(0". &6fTrr.

--ID"P& : SLJ!)J + ~6iJ + <Ii = IL.fDtDe; - '8)' 661@iJ ul1J-&c!1i, 6'61(£18;& firQg@Jw 6'6IUJffiJ(JUn7W 8i6'ffJAfJar.!J)J C:~rrQr{I5JUJ/!AI.

fiT ~!JjI&W : er ~~QJLn - fiI#>4JI&w. QJ-8i. C:UfT6l51.

fiTC:fiIT"" : 67- 6iTroiT- qClQTnlr = UJrrrr? 6J-lUfT.

&Qrr'-9-E!)tD : a;~@ + ? 9@C:QJQf)QT 8i6ilr@ + ustnb = 8ii'dfrI1l-UJrrw - 8iAlTl.q_UJw- 8i~L9-8jtb - &6Rr'-9-@w.

&diTlf-Bl6lJr: (8imrC:L6lrr): 8i6ilrr@ + FFaUJriT = &mtU!...GUlQsr - c$A5rl!'!..t6161rr - &6BTl!!..~Qr - Ch~I1I-UJGtr. FfGUJST = rq;!AC:~Qr, j)L_(JLQr (~mrnr6'5lm6V). 9.G/6rr: ClurrClUJAr = C:UrrGSTAT.

&lPuU1 (e;IPf,D): Cliy51U4 6Tar~w GiI~rry51tb QUUJCJ1J tE6irrr@w u(g,~UJfTt6J{bJ!)Ju ClufTSULh. 9·C::~fT: !D~ - !6Q)8j- ~Q)lJjrf,!IJI, ~AfJ &1P+4 = q,IPULj, t.5J flJ6'5Jm6lST fiTW J!)JWfT Lb.

20

.Y (1)

&61DQI"aW (cSti8_fJl"V): &m61TlLfw + fiJ= c!Jj65)WUJ(lLD - c$Q)wGW. , &A>QTIL/W' u rr6iJ6u@QJfif)l.CJj) ~ (D)~Ii.JUJ(]LD - G'"uFtiJIb<1w 'OJ' cfb';-QJU G>ufT(f§m Q)/®j,}, 'qAT' mJ(!!JiJ 'er' 616V8; (§0)!Dt6:5 Q~65fJ~LD"Lb. 'G1wrrIPGLDrr' fiTWui}6i> 'fj)' jJiJ(;}Urr®WUL 6lIth~iP.

&"A1JTeQltf,j)§IfiiI: s;rr~@ = t!lifTfiArC:uw (CYljJG'lflJ,*IFW) &"fMJIIlL (.s'*@): &fTf!JJIT - a;rr8fl1L ~61TG)UQ)L. 'GauJU'

eamuu IT' L@ jJIDthJfi&fTQ) 6DJQ)OJTG1UJ,j t!F Lb.

e"i): ~Iff <@j(!!j651) fiTAru4J/ U.wfif)L QlL1I-QJW (lurr .§Wt.D. rt¢jJ, ~6TrQUA>L.

C.sQT"'W : (]a;Qr + ~QJ + ~iD = Cl&6JT6lJw.

IF"tIi. g : t!F fT til + jJ61rr + I!J ( dI /!JI) = t!F tt t6J W.!J)J. IF rrt616W /!Jl - ~fTt6IQg!J)J, o::fJ,u5Iw~ C:urru5}w/p 61WUQJtbG(Drr@ 9uLJ C:£ljfT&®8i. jJwiTfiJ1~ - jJAT.:JJ - jJW.!IJI~

Q~"fiI)QJ#§1: (GJ~rrfiJ)Q)~IP) G;)~fmQ)68i - G>~fTmQ)6iJ. Glf>rrfimfm + & = G'I"rrA>Q)#or. U/[D aBlm AT.

Ji]aivC,," : tfJiU + jJwtt + 9 = tfJ.6JUJC:[TfT = !iJtb&· FFW6U - FfUJrT -

jJUJrr. fj). d1Al~tfJmQ): .d8rTQlU (;)Urr®L@LDfTW.

U(!JJAfI: U~~~ - u~wflll - u@filrrAfJ - u@6IfJ. LDtfi) : LDrR = w<!!JoDI, wrfjJ, dJ/611GIUQS)L

fi1DfiVe6Lh : Al6lJ® + lLi6I+W = Q)QJ®6W = 6lf)QJ@C::QJfTw. '8Ltf)l', I6QsrmLDGUJfT®A>W or i)tr &fTru 6iIm61fT(Y)/J!J)J ..5l@i}: ' Lh' (ILW) ~6VQf)LDU UQrQ)LD m1@ji}. (4fD~rrfJ)/Ttb./!)Jq GtFfT{bQUfTlf/6l/8i6tr 1944)

y, (1)

Is}, - QI. ~ (bh) - jJ. C:6lJ.

4'" - 4'" - Lf@ - '-I®. '-I®~iiJ = G~rrfiiT.[!)J;fJ6iJ.

4~ .. Jd,. U~~Q) = 1. Cl{DrrfdsTJ!)J:fjiiJ. "~~lf/ UJ~wrnfi'f)" (8iwufJrr. ~U&"". 315). 2. UA>'_~ilJ. "re"60G)u)~6lJITLh 1sJ,/,c:~n<::QT" (UfT t;T" 51®LL1I-mT. 12). 3. QuibG>!D@~)fIiiJ. "fj@ iJC!!JaJQJU 1sJ,/J~QITotr" (Ult;r<JwfTj,. 8 : IS), 4. jJ®/1:[6Q;. "1J,1;~fit51{b Jd,6lJfT6rSU.D {£Jar.JJ)l" (tCi}·6).

4~ .. (;)urr® - QUfT5JfIiJ = ~(f!)t1J'-I' "G'1ufT516iJt5IllI-l> ~fiIJ®e9 6tf,~U QurrAjiUJult" <jJ'7(t!J. ®~arOUJ". 63).

GJurr5JfilJ - (JUfT5J6iJ = ~@tbLJ (t5J!!JJ.

QUfT~ - C:UfT - (lurr ~IP = QJ"'"", i1JI)J 48 &5JmfifT. (Jurr_1II QQJIJ#-_~'" .,6VUIJ/ UJ1J4·

·

urrQJrrQIJTfT

21

LD6U6'6l(l& ®p5IJ;~ M, 6Tm~W Gc!FITQ) QQJD)/. JJI§)I (D)UfT6U fiTiirr~w dN t.q...u516'ff}w!J)J t.1)!D!i1b~.

GlurroiJ - Gurr66i - QUfT6'6J6l/. QUfT6U - ~6iJ - 1:::/,0

g fib fiTQg~Lh QJL11-QJW ~ar J1)J ~~~t6J6iJ 6lJ1Pt&J®iJ.fD4J/· (QJ.QJ: 207 - 208).

11> (2)

bj, : !:J,~ UJ = G u @ G 6lJ 61fJ uJ1 vb . c: fh tr itT pSI UJ !6 fT 6U6lJ 6lf) c$ ~ 6iJ eo ~ !BQI~a;u (;)LJrr(!§6tr8i~6ir 9~!!)J·

QJeflQWf!i6f Ql~IL,!.iJ ~& &J6IT6DllLjw (Q~ffffu. 242). ufftiJ6um(T Ql5tllQJW OJJJm6llGUJ U~J.iJ

untiJJ5JlfJ,m li'en6UJff QjlliffjJm6llR" (]W6IT. (QtbfTru. 541).

H : H, (QI. bhu), ~#G)o:!Frr6iJ66J~Gb<:!D LfQJ~, Jd,uSJ, u66l~UJ, UfTQJ{l). (yJ~o61UJ (!p6fJrGOITrTL@U QUfDfT# Qc!Frrtb8i@!Jw, dPlJjJU6lJ, ~!DIkL~' ILd;UQI, 6YuilJUJ t.b U c!:p~66J UJ (!jJw(;Jfi(ff fT L(JIU G'I u tbtD QCF fT[br!li@!JLDfT8) .!J)/T {b J!)J J; e; ow 8; CliIT (iI1 6lJ L GJ r!F tt dJ 0; fAr c: $lJ tr AT .f!)J G LD firT ~ pSI s: ( iJ.LD : 749).

l1,5t.6rn.i>4 6.l.IQI)5 r!JiITW4 5JpSlUJa;

{DfT6lr c:::!PI~fifJ.IP ~(hI, u([!>mwlLJ W, r;, LDwrnwlL/(!JJ61rfOtT /lJ. {fJfT "" zb, IL(f!)L@rnmUJ6Trw4tl. (Qe:fTQ;. 67) .

... .t. C()jlQDIJ' 61I6m61r1Um.:.(8

~L._l9-tiIT QUill" : f}@ MU QUUJ6lDf.J.l (;}grr6lJv61, 9®6lJ61s1{lw Q6t)fT (!!16l1W ®iJm'7GUJ{l51 6V}m6TTUJ rr(jj161.1 ftU 1J,,&@ji){jJ)t;T.

~@QI"rt Q{6"fiI)& : GUfT~QJfT8i, ~QJltci® <lw{bULL_ U6UtT ~m~ ~@QJrT.

~Lf-' Ii>: (!j)dJtTJ/JiJ ~w Q~®fiiJ iJ)Jw tiJID GiQJ~t6J LffiJa;6'IfJ.iV1w @6"6)~ ~LQ)rrlb.

~@ QP61DIJ : fiJC:$6~GJ!Drr(!§ C:~"tiGi1h@U4 Ql6lD8iu.JJftb, ~QJpSI 65/LL 9([§QJdT, ~~6RTfT6DJC:urrQ; {6Jd>®w 9@QJAflLw wrn tv QJ fT t$ 9® lsJ,uG u UJ fi'6>r;T # GJ a: n·iiJo6J 6111 L_(f;J J; ~ ~of1 t&.:fJI {6Jtba; c: 6lJ fiAJ@w. U1 fDtt 96iJG;)QJ rr@QJQTrrtU Jl/6lJW c: wdJ ®iJm I)"CJ UJ.f!)J (yJw, 9fiiJ(;)QJrr([!j /:&uG)ulLlmr;r ~mr""fTQ}JulJLw (D)QJ6lf1i.JU6I>L. UJ rr IiJ 9 G> err Q)Q) a QJmT@w. UJ fTC: t;T fJJJ tb 9®QJ 6iT (;) IF rr WQI JJ. @)~~~QJm Qa:fTQgQT~rr uJ1@ut...JJw UJw,-/ ~QJ~ dl/dfrfiWrrQ)} t6JLW 9® l:J,u QUUJA>f] wQf)[lJQJrr lMf G'1CFfT.vv6166JL._@~ ~fTwlsr ~Af}UJ a6lJdlrr@th. (yJATL/ (t!JAfltAiDI {6JW/DQJW, OJQrrLj L5JIDGIJ"@ GIn-ii..,

22

QPW (;) CF rr6trfilT6lI fT!f)J 6UI Qf)6fT UJrr@QJfT.. (!!J.ut tA~6lJQrr Q ~ rr Q)filJ tt ~ C:6lJ J!)J lJ,u c;;,u UJ IT G c!.ffT6U~ 8; @i1ml}"C:ILIJ61fifT6lJQr, 9@ rE1mLDUJ~i1dJ @Qr j)!DdiJ j)6D] Lib C:6lJ6hr@Lb. ®6Jfl Ji~QJQg Qa= fTQu 6M 1st Q1(!§LD 6lJ ~ (J ILl tb, 96lJ Gl6lJ fT ([§QJ QT fT 8161/ W ton tDJ LD IT J61lL1 t1J '!J J61 u51!D ffiJ 5J 8; Gt!JjfT~L t61C!!JUUIT. (~.fbfT.iGI.)

Lj,Hif 6JlaD6Tru..rrn:(B

~6~ Graru6 ~6tr!ElIPQ)· ~QJGl6lJfT61f7t61tb 1sJ,#6J G"rflUJwClUfT 4JJ 9®QJ6m(J i; (D)fDrr(~lLll 6"5Im61TUJfTL@, 1sJ,8~ ~6iJQ) 4J ~#U1 m/QJ)GTT UJfTL._(hL ~@QJfT@Qr o;r(]s!hfJlJGLDfT® QJA>c$~6iJ ~t9iUUL(jjIJ; GOifTdlrL 9@6lJ1r, !ElQJG)QJrrorfJr6J L~i16iJ !E1 tD8i, 6JQ)QTwG 1J6lJ60"t.D ~(!!JC:8iUJ';'Qr 9fT ~@6RrL ~L~i1Q) tf/QrJ!)JQ8ifTrofrQJrt. ~®6dJrL ~Llhil6U tfJtbuQJrr fjatflu51 L/Jj1tb(§ Qlffl6ifr, dJj6lJ66>fJ ~ G'I ~fT LQJ rr Lb ,. ~6Ufil) tr 6D1 L1J-Qr G'J ~fT L oiJ 8n.'-" 6. 96'1f1 u.1J L/> i16iJ G)~rrLiJul" 6lJrT UJQgLf UJID6m[fj, G1fhrr@$iaU GQJ6'iJr@w. (~.{!jrr.Q1]J

IJ,& - QJ.lsJ,,~, 1J,6f)t!F - 81. lsJ,l'JJfT

~ &- ~ QJ = &@ ill ~ 6iJ. " tB ® 6dfT L IT It tB IJ IT G6£ QJ rr tlJ IsJ, c!Ii U " (!5 tt dr L.D6RfI &.35).

<J:P&LDJst9ifDQJ 6TW U 4Jl G>~Qrurrum-l1I- QJy>8i®.

J:L&- .. 1sJ,6'4><!F = G ~tiJQJU utq...A>W6'5>UJ /BIJ fTL._(hJ# G16tUlLf W QJ ¢1 u rr(J;J. !sI/gr - 1st8r6llOST. "U/{DuGurr@ J::t&m6'5T QlFQ,QJfTUJ" (@JDdr. 18).

Jd, ma: .. IJ,AllFUJ tt rft .. I:J, lFfTrfJ. ~mQJlUfT rfl orfiiirffJJ<9 Glt!Frr6bGl51 tbC:u rr6lJ ~rf1 arwu8 9fT ~ J!)J.

~QDlf

Jsj,&{DQ; = a;~Qf~fib. Q~tiJ6lJU UL!J-AlW6mW tBl.lrrGiJ ~uLJ[JQJrr &@jsf).lJ. IJ,lIi - JsJ,Ul. 1J,~j,~Q) = IsJ,qlFrr~i1'4J.b a"liJ&rriJ ulPw (yJ~66JtLJ~ U6mL/JIjIW QJ¢1u@{£J6iJ. '4P'V 6TfitTU411 uu11"~ G)~rr¢1661Ar UJ6iT 6iJAlfirf&QlQTlL/w <!!JtDJ~fiQ) (jurrib 1J61~~6iJ or6VUAPW 6lJ¢1 urn' I q '" t5/w6iJm6fT 8i6ll61TfL/W ®{I51j,,,.Iil.

IJ,1iI - l;jQD8. 9·a~" : c::f_£11i (u[bJ!)J) - cfbU1 (~61TQ/) - c:fjO>CF (~QJfT). 1J,61-1J,6A>6Sf,1J,6QfTw.1B1 ~fi6l6"6T, ~QJTLb 6TQrUQr {lJuSlJjJ FF J!)J&<::"" IsJ,65)Q .. lJ,~rrrf1. ~rf1 - {ljQ)Q)WfTrR 6T61TUiJib C:urrQ) ~rt FF!f)Jo lJ,t!FfT#c!Fffrfl (1sJ,6I)a: + ~66rrrfl) 6TQsrOliw QJU>~ QlLGWfT¢1u5JSJJw ~6iJ61DQ)o

Jsl, Gi'JgtiJ firATU 8 JJ, m" 6TW (Drrt61JbGi) !1JfiIirUIJI (;) ufT([!)Hrr 11/.

•

u rrQJ rr QR5I'IT

23

g~ - IdJi (eu). U - ~fT (QI). J&c!FATW - ~AT (QJ.). bjc!F651OlfT - ~6f1rr (QJ.).

c: 6lJ ~ c::$ rfJ UJ It &~ C:6lJdr 6lf) c: 6lJ LL_ C:6lJ UJ6lsr ¢'1 U U LIJ-LDU IsJ, 61)8 UJ W (l8irrG'5J6iJ Qly5IUfT@W ~6i>A>6U.1J,8J 6TQsrguLh G8fT6U iJ1IW C:QJ~/JiJ'" ~Q)a>Q). UfTfJ {!JW (yJ~66JUJ L5Jtb&fTQ) QJLU~QliU8j67f1C:6l)C:UJ "',4)1 Glly>tfiJ®5'JWfD6· (iJ.w. 47) .

.

~

Wl1l : ~~fiu = G{DrrQg./J)J~QJ.

~Q)QJIJ.J~#/ fdwtiJQ5JjJffuun";· &tiJfilfJlLItiJ &tiJ6v",; c!!#1iIJ6lJUJC§68 QI/:(§QJ6 "c'FQ)§1Jw - jjQ)QJUJ,g#J t=r:t6§J1616rGIRITtrff "6QJQJ(!JJ - ,lDWl/iLff/iliff ff/W6ITQ)(!pw ~159fJtiJ UQJfflinUJ ,fD6ir1J)J. {JJ~Q!6r6t. 5),

~UUrTG5IiJJl6trQT u~~tb Q8=fT6U GQJJ!)J; LDQ)ft~m6U8; ®¢'1Jif§w U/J {lJ tb G> a: IT 6b G QJ .!J)I. L1) Q) IT sfi AHiU & ®¢'1 i.J u 4»1 G;) u rr o6J Of) QJ lLJ6W It /J{jJw QurrfiiJ et wfjlI th .dJILq-u5Jafl6ir!f)J iJrft {6{D:fbrr@w. ( iJ.!D· 749) .

.IJ4Iw' - 81. JJ§J (bh) - ~.C:6lJ.

~fhru = a~"QsrJ!)J~ilJ. kJ, - bJ,UJI - ~{DW = a~fT6ir¢'1UJ~, 8Jw~f6J

• •

&~QT ~AT.8)J.

6l161f1QILJ6IT QJ(!JILw ~& &}",Q]/IL{LD (Q~rrQ). 242).

IJ,IDw2 - QI. ~ (bh)

ti11 ~ rr ffiJ @Jl-J)6l)rrib G) !bC!§u !J,~ 6lJ0> fhU 1sJ,;'~ U IJ,~ G ~ ~ tillS!V 8iI [D rr 65r er 6kr U {IjJ QJ y:> 8; ®. 8) fT tb J!)I1 f/J/QI (D rr 6iJ 4tI ® /J iJ UJ tb tilJ/Jf6fTW6lJ)ulL/w LfA)L~®W.

tiI1~~ru = 6lftiJf§~"" u(!!J/J~6iJ.

Il§llfIP - Jd.ljl - ~Q) - JJ§J66J. JsJ,1J615J~flJ6iJ = U®/J~6iJ, ~liI-/J~6iJ. !:j~ - IJ,IDw = U(!!J~~4JJ1 LJ(!§I>~ C:uliJ.

JJ§J&&rr6lJ = UJrrmfiIT &&rrfiiJ. 1s:I$J8;e;mrfMTfTllI- = Gu@8;~8i8irrL..@tb. &AlrfiDTfT L9-. (QJ.QJ J

~of1, GlUfTl>~ - GUfT4)J .. 46 - !:J,I)I - U~W fiTArJ!)Jwrrw. Lf~fT = GU®f6fT61>t;J. GUfT~§)l .. (D)urr"mfl) = u([!JuS16fT&rrtlJ.

4~m - '-I~1r = dlLJT Ga:L1I-. '-/"'{D = ~Lrt &rr(ji), ",tb4&8iL~. 4m~ - JJ,m~ = ~tb48i &L..(JJ. JsJI) = G'Jurr.{fJJ. GurrIP .. GlUfT§)IWL/ - Gurr ~iDurT.

uxr. 65/. ~. Q/w G>6. U. &. &. ~. eM. 81t.D W1(!§G6lJ.!!)J ~I G;)6fT6UA)4ilJ 4/w 9f*!DfT&& 8D..¢'1uJJ(§UUIJI "QJIDrrw. (QJ,QI: 208 - 209).

24

~i} - QI. JJP) (bh)

Lf@i} - LJ,i} = 1. '-I@~ (@,LrT). 2. 5rrwuQ). 3. i}®/BJ!)J (Ult§J.). "uiJUJmfJ Gurrwtro41!D~~"" (C:~QlfT. 592 : 2).

~.a!Drr : (;)lJjrr~~ - fJo;rr~, QU"~./DI ~ aurr 6. (Q/.6lJ: 209).

l$uuJ[Sl55 ~ dQD6TIWm:(B

Gurr4lJ6lJrr8iu ui}fiiTW(!!)9;@j& ®trnJDlUfT~ UQ) Ui6irQ)QT8j6ir ,fL /J i} 8i LI.!J-# iF LD lIJ IT AT ~ ® ~ LiJ U1 fT !Jj U L.5J rf1 t5 6, f} rt c:JI8i roir {D G ~ ®6DJC3 6lJev ti> t:l§ll It u(i;) U IT LL t06J G."eu L.b '-i1 ([!j 8) L~ J; @jLb QUfT~QJrr8) 9® ~@8;C:&rr@ #.lp5J, d)I~tb@j ~uurriJJIw ~i.Jun§J)Jw tEl 6irr ./J)J G 8) rr ffrr QJ rt. t51 AT 4 ~ @c!JiL._6}UJfT(!§tb 8j L_ til QJ tr rf} UJ tr ~ J; Q) OJ r:: &IT i; ~ (y) dT t5J W QT fT BiLl t5J W QJ (!!JUJ IT J!)J U rr l1J- 8; G a;rr driT(h) I WfT p5J wrrp5J /6@8i(J&fT@ QlQf)t;T Qa: 6iT.[l)J WrofrQJrt.

C!P1hdJ 8iLUJlUrrtt : lsJ,uup5J8il5 6lJ®5JCl{DnlD. ~uup5JJ;,g; QJ(!§5)C]/Drrw, fi)/if> flrr6YR(J.u.

~ (J mr L_rr ffiJ SiL_61 UJ IT rT : UJ tt (J fJJJ U IJ U (l U fT 5/ pj IT? UJ tt fJ JJ).J U U I~ Cturr5JrDrT? ~~~ {DrrGtfJG",.

C':P : &LDQ)fT ~ff)Juuu GU/T5>C:JDfTW,

&WQ)rT ~guLJU U C:urr5lG/DfTw, {j)tA!6fT6"IfK:Q). ~ : 67£l;:fJU~ ClQJmr@tb?

"'!A~ulJ, GQJ,*@Lh? ~p;~ fDrr.rfJC:",. (YJ : wibtr61m8JulJ, GQJdIT@t.b,

wibi61QS)c$u JJ, GQJ.or@w, ®tb~ tofTmK1Q).

@fiirmlJ GQldIr(SlG)ww!f)J Gqrrru6l5J C!P~tb&L61UJfTtt UfT~ <!:PUJ-!6 ~/IJI W, ~@&L.__5J t6J 6'CfJ 6iT .!J)J tb 9QJ Q QI tt (f§ U16tr miYT (_y)6krG 9 GirT If)J !D@&at!JjrrLvtnL UJ@/J~GlfLW, OO@QJ(!§Lb 9<!!J;,i)mUJ GUJfT®~i) Ull1l-/Ji)(gJuurt. Cl&rrLl1I-tD&uurrwiJ @@~8& G&ff6rr6TTUULL t5I Qr 6lD '"" (if i) It J; 8i L._g] Qf) UJ 6 c: IF (iJJ Lb. t.iJ AT 4 c!:p 6!r a U tr tb LJ tt UI-, c: QJ p5J (f§ QJ It ® ~ U U IT. @r6J ffiJ QT tl> @6lJ6'8 <!!J QJ (1 tt I.iJ 6T wlH;U" @ Lb @(!j)&&UULLO}dr, uSJ@ii}UJrT!hU Ul6trmGYT 8jQr c: lFfr ~i1 (!!J.t5}!D &L_~UJrrtt G)Q/Qrr/Dti1llJfTQlrr.

y,a.oub 6lH5ID6

•

Is/, : QI"AlIJJ LDL6lJ;

LDLQ) : ~rrmlP' 6lJrrml/> (!JJ~w6IUJGlJ{bp5Jwir LDLQJ;

UffOlfirT : G~.mAT, UfimQJ1 (yJ,:,6l5JIUQJtbp5Jdr LDLiSJ. (c;)6'rrQ). 66).

•

UfT61.JrT6RTIT

2S

6Dl6iJr J1jQJ)Q)l&Qr

dJ)I(!!;wLj : y,615J6ir C:t5ffP;f!J,riI65)Q);

C:UIT~ : fd; G5JrflUJIb Q{5fTLt5J@W Jil6l)Q); LDfiVrT fc:!!JIQJrt) :!d 6J5JoiT LJ)Q)ff,m1b ;iJm6V;

6J5 : liJ{Tc§Qc!F/if.ufl66fJ6ir1J)/ Jd; &Gy;> 61SJ@,rb15 $61JQ); Qc!FWLJ)6V : y, 6lIffliJ-61T ;iJQJQ), (Ge:rrru. 67),

;b6tD6lJTUQULUrrlD6ir (1) ~~O:

Jd, mrn er rotr u.:!» kJ, m CF 6T dT ~ I.b Q efT tt 6iJ 6l5J ~ ~ rflC: u. Jd, & r7>6U = 8i@Qj{h'iiJ, ~a>Q)t$@<Ol/~6lJ. Gi}!fjQ)Q)Q) W"6lJLL~iJ~ ~®u@jilu5JQ), '(!:pc9iW Jd/1i;f6fiv' er 6ir u ~ ~w 4JJ W fL6lJB) QJ YJ8; 8jrr u5J ®Ji5J GifT!D f!)/ . "Hi)&G8)rr~~t.b ~@wt5JW8i~ LDrrG)e:rrL@w" (~fT~LL>~. 94).

Y, <im 651 d!)/ UJ- r!i; 9, l1I- '7> Gifr or q ~ m QJ (yl Gil QfT ffiJ & fT Q) rr fiiJ G'1 ~ tt L_ (f;J (!JJ c9i ~ 6lfJ {)j u kt i1J; G 8) fT Gtr QI ~ "Q; , ~ t!» J:d, 6tS> 9 Gl UJ fi5T U Q u UJ IT Glutb{D~· "(;J6116l.tQJJTuJ G6lJ®~6mmu /st6l»GFG)UJQu!D§J)JU/' (Q16fT6U. LDfJ. 69). QJLQwfrlJlt6J.§JlJ6U-W LDrrrTeqrrQ) UTW~t.b gmm-u QuUJ®w ~J>8ifTlJ~tb utb{15lUJC:~. GJLD(g>@j - QJ. w®es (mrj) = Jd,aT,

•• • •• •

C1i@6lf. LD(!!J~ - LDfTrr~ - LDrrfT~rrfJ - LDrrrr~rr6lJ .

.!J olfHilfTmUJ U Id/Ii kJili 6T(jjjr {D61l!J)uu f!» Q U6Hr IJI-tT QJ lJ)8;8JW. Jd, me: - l:J9=mcr ({6rr<§fiJ6U~rn.:_@ Q.I!J)8;®J IsJ,rlms: - LD. /:&8:0:, kLmlF - g6IDffi. CT - «[9, (lurrroJ/>i:Jrf14· ~.C:!DfT : UJA>CF - U}m~.

J:J 61fi fiM c9; 8)~ = kJ, m W &cnmr G U fT 6ir!D !fJ tv (yl Gir w 9GtfJ 8; <!Ii 6iJ (6tf>6lJ&rfJtL1w). ~ffiJ~fil)/Jj;J ~t.b ~.tP eat's eye ~tilrr.!f)J Q uUJrr Qutbp51(!!J;tfhm6lJ (]!6rra;®e;. a>QI(Brf/UJw 6T6Fu~w fillLGCFrrbUiJUw @a; BirTf7miTW utbp5JUJG$h.

H~m - U6J><g ~. CJ{DfT : dJ/6iJr6Ul6M - ~c9Q)C9. ~fiIfI, JJ,fiG)~ - gim<8 ~Gkr!DjJJJLDrrw. 9. C:!6" : ®l1I-6tD9 - ®l1I-m(9. "51fiUWOI ~.t6J66I y,m(@ 5J®uSJ" (~~~QJu. 19).

~tS1iJQJ6 GlFff6lJ (The Oxford English Dictionary and Klein's Comp. Ety. Dy. of the E. Language).

E. puss, pus, pusse. (A word common to several Teutonic languages, usually as a call-name for the cat).

Do. poes, LG. puus, puuskatte. puus-man, Sw. dial. pus, katie-pus, Norw. puse, puus, Lith. puz, puiz, Ir. and Gael. f. us.

Alb piso, Ruman pisicd;

'Puss in the corner', a game of children; Pussy - wants - a - comer, an American name of the game.

\:tlftL urr. 11 - 2

26

E. pussy, a pet name for a cat Y dim suffix. Pussy - cat, a nursery word for a cat. Pussyfoot, to tread stealthily like a cat.

Pussy .. willow, the American glaucous willow, in reference to its silky catkins.

Puss - Etymology unknown 6TSrUfJjJ O.E.D.; Imitative of the spitting of a cat ~61uu/!JI K. c. E. D. E. L.

2. Ul6i1 6IDQJ (I.j,QD6II1JLSlaiT QD6TT )

UI m m GTT t6J 6U fit) fT $6 6lJ rt 8i 6iT , i1 ru IL t61 rfl m lID 8i 6YfI {iJ i1 Q) QJ tb fm JD U t.5Jmm6TTGUfT6U 68 L_~Q) Q)QJ/J.{JjJ QJQTlruu41l UfiAT6J)L QJIJ)8;&ti:J . .dJI~QTrrQJ, "~(I!J&@jW Ul6TrQ)QT e!j)w J!)J I 9@tb til6Yr6lf)iTT fY>Qr J!)J I U /D8;@JW Lil Qr miTT ry>.!J)J". 67 Qrr J!)J 9® U IJ)Q UJfT Irfi1 GILJ@tA~.{6I· fi' (];I w UJ 6ir a> 6'IT eyJ 6ir fD fJ)J 6tT I ~ fifIfI tb UJ '" QD 6YT a rfl u,jJ Qr 6D.". 6TQrUfiM ~fJ 6iJr@. eyJw IV" ill U/6irAl6TT Is}, 6'l>QTuOJW6I)QT UJ rrt61(1§&

•

c$frufTLD.

6Jiirmer (§JJJ&f} &6irCjlJ (JUITt5(J/DfiIIT&

Q&fflirm6JIw c!!JI6IJw'4w li>/TtbI Q/uf}Ji&(]&. cQJ>rrru. LOfJ. 24),

jOnaUJ u6irtffJ 46lfl(YJUJiiJ /b1T6ir~Lb

~1LI1iJ t!6ffmQui (§(lJfi1}BT QUJ6iru. (QlfirrGb. LDI}'. 8).

JDlf}lLJw ~riJ(Jp; /Dffllj..6ITff Q6IT61f}(]6IT. (G~rrQ). LDIJ. 9). 6J6ff6TJerU QUIli(!J)t.D tS/myJuuIT_ '4-Q;Q)QJ

Q&fftirfg§riJ &ffGTJQ) jDffUJQ)'" t$(J)L(JUJ. (Q~fn;b. LDIJ. 11>

c1&ff@6lJfflP ~priJ~LiJ ~L..1If t!Ii1.lJ)Iu. (QlDrr6U. LOU. 13). (!IJ&6l/w L5JtirmGlTlL/w uP;(!;jw UfTtfu4t.D

c:!JVGlJQJIJ..I'.iJ &{tirm c:!!P/UUff Q)ff6IIT. (Q~rrQ). LOJ. 14).

uffthJ4LD aJtir&n67TU/tD upJUUQJtO tPmmw. (QIfiITQ), LOU. 4),

et otr!J)J G~"oiJa;rr u UI UJ ttl <!Tn..J!)JQJ{ljfTQJ I u6b(;QJ J!)J Il...I61rf1filST r6Jc!MiYfJ.i1»tD 6J tb iJ61J 1Lt6J rft & dr Uldr Al6TT (D) IU AT .!J)J W ~.". RU.D U G> u UJ ,; Qu tbt6J®!6:!D6J)W eMt6JUJuu(!jJw .

.8L@U UO>QT&@LLf#- U"iJ}ITLLfI- QJ6TT!T8;c$UU(hlQJ4)I GlU(!§W u rrarmLD. c:ti,fiQ)rrtib, lJ, AlfilTUU1dr6lD6fTG)IUAr uIJI, GU(!§QJIJ)&(t§u utbt6J I UJWA>6ITGlUJATfJlIW Gurr §JILl QUUJt;TffCl",C:UJ ®(618ic$UUL..... l1I-(!!)UU4JI ~U.J6b4· Ul6Trm&YTC:u"Q) QJwtt&&UU@QJ61 Gurff~"A1 U7 AT 4 W d)I uG) u U1 It G;) U l)/ Lb. ~fifIfI tbUJ Qr 61)QT €lrfl u U1dr."QT

(!:fJ{D 661 UJ Gl u UJ It &QJHifT C:!6 fT &~c$. ( <§ LL9- er Qg u i6I cfi L_@8i ~L.I1I-61)UJ"IWI &"JDI&~LUJ- 6TQuUIJI wrrL._@ct &ATAlJDlLltD, 61flJuufT && @)IlfIHfiI)Q)fL/w Gf6fT &@j&).

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27

U) Gir 61DGTT Q WW ~ ~G) IF tt 6iJ G ~S» rI» 51 {b t5J 6iJ615}G UJ ar.!!)J il rfllLJ W. 9.C:{DrT : )fjrfrrmGTr (tpjrrtiJ) - ~Q)fOl51. Ui6iJ6l5] - i)t&. UJ6b08 (billi). t5}6b66J GUJdru~ ~QJ{t~~Q) felts ~6iJQJD fetes ~6tr.!J)J QJy>ffiJ<§w. ILUJff ila>69Tu5J6b ~@urr tb®w G) UIT ~fi11 rrfifT Ul6Tr6mGtT GlUJATfJlIW ~QTQ)wi.JGuUJIt, ~Q)~~<iilfJ6iJ filius 6TW./J)J W(I;6"6)fitJTUJw, filia tOfar.!J)J LDr!1iRlGtTIL/W @{l5J;fi~ QJlPdiJ<t!J~6iJ 8irr~ s: OJ6ir al6'IT 6TWU!J)J f QJ L rr IT 8; SifT L._(JJ ~ t.b IJ,IT QJ LL_j,i) 6b ~.nr til Qr m 6fT AlUJ U/ Lb I urrmrlll-fDfTL@U U@jiJ6Itb Qu'*rU16trtiff>Gi'lT65lUJIL/w, iJ!Duurr (1;8; (tJ{l5J UU 4J}, QJ !:p<!i® G611 JJ)J u rr@ u tb{l5JUJ(:fD'

lsLallF ~Q)fil).f/JI Jd,6'5>(i61 GUJmu~ .aL_(~"j JJ.mOfrmUJCUJ. 8ifTL@i.J Js:£6f)ffi GlQJ@® ~6fTUU~w. GJQJ(!!JQJ/J~Jj8i C:1bfTtb!D(!Jlw QJi6ImwlLILn ILmLUJ~ GQJ®~. GlQJ([§'VfD'" - ~<i!>8i~6iJ. QQJ®~ 6IILUJ-fiu QlG'1TFT &&UULL t5}6kr 1s/-65>8(D)UJ6VU QUUJrr G'lutb!D.{jJ. "(D)QJ6iJ611rrtiJ Q6'lJ (5) m Qf1 U Jd, Q) (F Q UJAr!D SJI tb" et 6tT J!)J Gl $6rr6iJ8ifT U U1 UJ W lTt1.J!)J{D6lJ Inrr.m-&. GIIL@uJsJ,msr j)6l)~~GilSfI6iJ felis domestiea et 61fT U u(j;Jw.

Feline (adj) = catlike. Felid= one of the Felidoe or cat-tribe.

(3)6ilL'"

661(£J{/J6U = U1"'/J~6iJ, 6DI(hJ - Q]JLJt = OJ6TfQ/, U]6TTUL/, 6iILlJQlAr = (uo;.6/ tb &6itu UlGJr6lf6trQT) I:J, 6lDQJT (UJfT,p. ~e;.), .a LJ;TQJW - fJ8 LJ}' &6tr - mlL1J&L.b - 65/l__([§r$w - Q}J~Lb = IJ,6'tJ)QST(/firrw$u. 203)

6U1 L.q 8iW .. 6iJ LfTU &W - fill. ..a LJTt;T 8i = 4:J,6lJ)QfT.

m1L1T(Jc$tD .. 661LfT6U&w = JJ,AlQT,

6D1LfTQ)e;w .. ailLrrQ)w = 1sJ,6I)W (~i6J . .dIIe;J.

6ll)LJT6lJW .. fill. 6"5JLJTQJ - AlQJLfTfiO = JJ,65)QST.

6"5J LfflJ' 8iW - Q)J LfflJ t.b - QI. Q9LJrU .. AlQJ(jJ ItUJ = IJ,mAT &8iAv GurrwJD fjl6'lf1J.&6'b.

AlQJeBltUJ .. " .. WimQJ&IrWLD.

"u51 fP1 tb IJ,m6JT &c!1iAJr fiT. Jl)JLD ~diJ5J6lJ;,i)6b eat's eye fiT6V.l)JW ILJ!)J U6IJ) U;' G )56ff1QJ" && c§s61 U U1 LL_ 1L6lJ6f)LDUJ rr ~Q U U,J rt

C:~"6tr{l5JILlf!rr"" 6· lFLDtb51(!J)~#ac;)6"6b<l6lJfT IJ,A»QSrLJG)ulU",,,,,.a1D ~rflIi)f6 i)tffGlFffQJfiU"c5'YfirstTg,J. aI. QMLrrfJ8i .. ,j)Lfft;TcS (b), 81. QlLJT6lJ - U1L.JTQJ (b). QJIJj(f~6b QlLGlwrr!PIaSlJb U6rlf(Y¥fJ6lJff&/J i)rfl~fib j)1U6bGu. 9. alirr : QlQ)LD - fiV. UQJ (bala),

( 4) .. Q .. ., = .. .,...

w. Gl&"tb{l5J, @{l5J<9<9!, ((§Jl)J001) = QUAtrJJ,fif)6fr,

28

~uSJySJQ) {j}qG)lFfTiiJ {j}!Dth~ULL4JI. LJIPr9C:lFfJ !D"L@~ {huS/ySJrokr (QJLGllFrr!b Qs:¢1~~) iJrfl(Ju W(5)Q)UJfTifTLDfT "iUrr6iJ, G>8ifTtb#GUJ&ir UQ)~1i ;f>W1lj>fT&8; (D}8ifT6lrQTQ)fTw.

@j.f!)J, @j.f!)J®J!)J, G)a;rr!JIG 8irr./!)J (t». ®JJ)J L._(hJe; - @®L(hJa;, ®.!!Jl L1 (yJt!h; &. G c$1T IT, G81rr tr, G'lOirTl;rG'la;rrt;J) (!P~.6IUJ '£jl£l8i(:!J¢1 U 4 5,r!h6mm G)UJrr"~ Jd,mQTUJl1I-~G~fTd6TQ)L GlUJfT66J~ (purr) ®¢1uUJaflm.!J)J C!!JJ!)Jc9~ (- @¢1c9~) fiTATft)JW Jd,6mQTuGuUJIT C:{Drrar¢1I61<!§&9, "'(Tw. @:fJ{b@ Qa;rrtiJ¢1 GUJQrrW/c9 GJo:rr6bQQ)rr@ G{DfTLltU16i>mQ).

~uflifi1tb ('!!>@L6l»aT8; ®#8;cn& Q&rr /J(i5)~ 6TdrQ!lJfT(!9 Ga:fTro fLGTr!!Jl. "GehrT fi, 6m{DBl ® epffiJ e;fr QJ ySJ 8irT L_@mJ~:lJI" ((l {l>QJ rr. 1040 : 2), "{j}dr QT fTW tOT wU.JfJJ, '&rnrAJTfT tb Go;rr.J,Q) pj, $" 6l.'JfTW (yJLQJGtr' OTQrrUm-. (G)~rr"'. C:QJ{b. II, @6frLD. tL6tf)fJ). G"lo;rrr$iJGUJarfj)JrfiJ OiQuaJ" L#Ge:rr6iJ G),g;fT ~(5)$6QUJ.fJlI W ~WJ Y,#G)e:fT6U6G)6UU Gurfl~Lb 9"~6T1.:!Jl. IJ,GJ)QT u&6616b (l:P@8;8)mr~Lh GfhrflUJfTLDiiJ ~66)"8; ®C!!JLfTu5!(!!>uufharrrQ), ~"dJ(f!jJ; Qe;"~m{DGUJm~t.b GUUJ!T 6JtDULL1J-®8;8)QUrrih. ~UQUU1fr 9C'!J ~'7mJL GLDfTySJu5J{b GJ8irr~~G)UJar.!f)J ~rf]th~®uu4JJw, 1L~f}r9;@!)W @UJ{ba>c$8;@W G'JUfT®j,~LDfTfiilfTG1fJ. G'1&lTtb¢1QUJwu~ Q8irr~~GUJGVu~GiT f} rfJ U fT t61 (!!j&9Jfil)fT Lb.

JJ, m QT 8;@j c: LD c: Q) Gl LDfT ySJ 8iG 6T1' 6UQ) tr QJ Jb ¢l s» LhG) U C!!JQf ~ 8; c$ tt ti.J QJ y> ffiJ ® tb G) u UJ IT, U 6iJ c: fill JJ)J QJ 61f) <9) c9i r;rf] '" ~ rfI th iJ ® u til ~ t.b Gl8jrr~iJ 6Tdr~W Ga:fTrua)ouGUJ 9~~Gir6JT/!Jl.

Gk. katta, kattos; mod. Gk. gata; L. catta, catus, caws, cattus, Late Latin. cattus, cotta.

It. gatto; Sp., Pg. gato; Cat. gak; Pr. Cat; ONF. cat; F. chat (fern .. gatta, gata, cata, cote, chate, ckatte);

E. cat; OE., ME. cat, catt, catte., ON. Kott-n kattus; keta, fern; Sw. katt, leatta; Da kat; MLG. katte; MDu. katte, kat; D. kat; OUG. kazza, chazza, chataro; MHG., Mod. G. katza; MHG. katero, kater; mod. G. and Du. kater = he cat.

OIr. cat (masc); Gael. cat com. W. lcath; Welsb and Cornish. cath; Breton kaz; Vannes kac 'h m. OCo. kat.

Nubian kadis; Arab qitt, tomcat, qitta. cat.

Slavonic kot; OSlav. kot'ka; Bulg. kotka; Siovenish kot m; Russ. kot m. kotchka, koshka; Pol. kot ikoczur m.); Bob. kot m. kotta f.; Sorabian kotka; Lith. kate; Finnish katti.

Derivatives.

Chaioyant, of a changeable colour, shining like the eyes of a cat.

•

U ft'QJIT QRJI'rT

29

'"'

I

caterpillar ft. LL. catta pilose = hairy cat caterwaul fro LG. caterwaulen = to cry like cats. meerkat fr. MDu. meer catte = sea cat.

catteny = place where cats are bred.

kitten, catkin, cattish, catishly, catishness, catling, catty, cattily, earliness etc.

6J a IJ rr i.J U IT v;B/ 6iJ 51.LiI. 3d!/, Lb JjJT tb [0 IT mr (£J Q.J m [T ~ 6fJ) W u5I ® t6 {h iJ6U~QJ(;)UJQsr !!)Jw, ~.f/JJ fiT~ut/J/ /DfT'· '9 6l5I®{h~ ~diJ@jA; Qa;rr~@ QJfJUULLG~65rJ!)JLb, cat fiT6VftlJW ~~w GJUUJtT g-8iJUiJW6 Gls:rrGiJG'JQJw Jl)Jw, fDa: &&,& (YlQJ",/t CTn.1!)J5JAr/Drrtt. Umsr I~L o;rrQ)L.Drra; or5}u/p (6"'. '9 Q) QlQTlr8;8iUuL(KJ QJtA161Jj6JrfT~tb, 9fT 6T 51 u i) UJ U G u fiiJr G'1 ~tlt QJ W iJ, filS) W ;'1fim QJ Q 8ifT 6iIr lJI-®th ~ $6 Q("rr§JlJw, 6J(l"fTUUlTmJ!b@ g51u~ ~mrmLDuSl66J®uu~QTfT§JJJI.b, ~QJ rt Cfn.!DJDl i.J G) UfT (!!j~~L.Drr &a 6lJ (JfhfT65r ./!)l5lW!D 4lJ. cfl,uJlw, @wrft J6fTC:L LDrr~~~ O1!Dti~&LDfT{DQJfT~WI {ljuS1lj)o;/>i)tb® fiT~uiJ am rr@ tB'*'L. &,,:cruWff & !Bit QJrrfiRft8i(ylw !BJQJ6lIrrfiRft&(lJJw @®~~ QJ!A~mrr.j}JLh, QQJ@@j ~uS1~o;& (§¢lc9H"1!BJfiU& t$(!§U G'Jurr(!!j6fTrr{h eatr 5J»w, M,61>6f1 ~u51IJ)~iJ6If1fiiTOlD 6T 5JU8Q}}[b~8 Gt!F65r¢l®~~oiJ GQJ.w@lb. dII~QfT,,6iJ ~~Qr GluUJ@w ~uSl4P.t Qgrro06lJrrGUJ uJI(I!j~~Q) (JQJ'*(h)w.

uut &&.s (!pmfilJ« JJ, Al fiIT i.J (;) U OJ (1)[1 U4 Lb IsJ, 6"D6lf1& (J)QJr 6I)QRJT ILl tb utb¢lci; t!k{l5Jt6J®uuiJ6fsr (On the Name of the Cat and the Cat's eye) ~fiU u®i'J,Qr 6lI(f!)WITJJ)J:-

"Our domestic cat came to us from Egypt, where it had been tamed by a long process of kindness, Of, it may be, of worship. In no classical writer, Greek or Roman, do we find the cat as a domestic animal before the third century A.D. It is first mentioned by Caesarius, the physician, brother of Gregory, the theologian ofNazianzus, who died 369 A.D. He speaks of

'Kattai endrumo', About the same time Palladius writes "contra

... ponunt" .... it is clear that when Pall ad ius wrote (fourth century A .. D.) tame mustelae were still more common than cats, whether called cati or catti.

"Evagrius scholasticus (Kist. Eccl. 17, 23), about 600 A.D., speaks of katta as the common name of 'ailouros' , here meant therefore, for cat ....

"And Isidorus, his contemporary, expresses himself in the same sense

when saying (12,2,38). 'hune catum vocant.

"If we admit, in the absence of evidence to the contrary effect, that the tame cat came from Eqypt to Greece and Italy in the fourth century A.D.,

30

and that the shrewd little animal was called by the Romans catus, everything else becomes intelligible.

"In the ruins of Pompeii, where the bones of horses, dogs and goats have been found, no bones of cats have hitherto been discovered .. aa.

"In the language of Romania no traces exist of the word catus, probably because at the time when that Romanic dialect became settled in Dacia, catus did not yet exist as a Latin name for cat.

The Romans did not transfer the name of Mustela to the cat, but by a kind of popular etymology, changed cattus into cams, and these two names, katta and cat us, found their way afterwards into nearly all the languages of Europe".

"We now come to the question, whether cat was known at an early time in India. The two principal words in Sanskrit for cat are 'mdrjdra' and 'vidola'.

"Marjara means the cleaner, the cat being well known for its cleanliness. "The second name for cat in Sanskrit is vidala or biddla .... "

"It is difficult to analyse this word. I thought at first that it might be connected with vidala (bidala, in the At, M. III. 1, 2, 6) which means cut in half, split in the middle, which would be a very appropriate term for a eat's eye. But this would leave the lingual of unaccounted for. In the Unadi-Sutras (I. 117) it is derived from vid, to shout with the suffix ala. This suffix shows a certain analogy with aJiga in marjaliya, another name for cat. ... "

"Vaidurya and Vaidurya, the very form that would best correspond to the Greek ailouros means in Sanskrit the eat's eye. The cat is called mall; vaidurya lokana, ie, having eyes like the Vaiquiya jewel. It is true that so ancient a grammarian as Panini (IV. 3, 84) derives Vaidurya from vidura; 'very distant,' and that accordingly it is often spelt with a dental d. But this seems an after-thought. The transition of Vaidarya into Vai<tUrya is not impossible, even in Sanskrit, if we remember such parallel forms as dura and daviyas, sthula, stahviyas, & c ..... "

"It was objected by Katyayana that Paqini rule (Pan. IV. 3, 84), according to which Vaidurya is formed from Vidura, must be wrong, because the Vaidurya jewel does not come from Vidura, but from Balavaya, and is only cut or polished at Vidura, ... " (What Can India Teach U 5? - pp. 261 -268.)

~~Af}Qu J!JI 61)QJ(jIrUJ fiTW U D 'm1,g (J (u51 6".;' Q ~fT6lS)filJQJ rr fiJT ) OTW9)lW QIFrrQx;61AfJ6tr.!J)J QlL(;)WfTliluJ16iJ urroWlaflUJrr6b ~rfl8;&i.J UL@6trfifT Ail ~QJJ!)J fiT.u~, G)1h6'lf1QJfT~tb. QJLGwrrlilti Qa:ArJD

•

UIT6U1T QlilJTrT

31

G1Dm-Gs=rrtDa;mmG>UJQJQ)rrw, Gurr®!h~u G)urnlJl>~fifJrrc!li C:QJJ!)J ty)fiUrfiJ&fT LIlJ- W6lJ>{lJU U 6, QJ L Q LDfT If)J UJ fTGfT IT QJ tp8l&C: LD.

r;;6I LfT'7 8i OTWU ~ UlLfT[J lh (b) (;TAr 8)Jt.D ro6ILJr61J fiTWU UJI UlLfTQJ (b) et Qg J!)J Lb, U t!Jjl;J (!:fJ ~tb Q a= fT 6V6lJ IT a; ~ iJ rf7 ci; SiLl u L._ l1I-®u uC: ~ QJ L Gl8rrro6l5'l~ t.5}6trO)W6lS>UJ8; 8ifTL@LiJ.

UlLrrQ) (bidala) bTQr~w Qt!FfT6iJ61516lJr~Y" "also written vidala, of doubtful origin" orGV /!)J wrrAfJUJrt ciifibQShuw& ~w IFwjJ51(!§)fi cf£& eQ) c!II &". (!Jl ~. rfj /J ®t61 /JiJ ®u U fDJ 8iQJ afJ 8; 8i i;~ 8;&!f» . ( ~.~.!6fT.G)8fT.)

QUI • I a;w (1)

GULL8iW .. C:ULL8i

UJ6ir ~~6iJ = t5/rorr ~{D6lJ, 6UI rf1~6b, .dN 0; ~{/J6iJ.

U)6ir - tily;rr = 1. 6lJrrUJ8iwflJ fj)6lS)Q)~®I· I fTw. (G;)pj6UQ)Q) QJIJ)8;(§). "WQJrTQJfTWU Uly>rr6BI{iJ LjQJIJ 6lJfTtbt61" (GlU(l!JwufT6ftr.276). 2. @~!D9n.Q)L. 'tpr!iJ(!!)tCrtu t.5IlJ)fTQ/w' (g}QJu. 10 : 111). (QJ.QJ: 209).

Qut:UiI.b(2)

QULL_aiW - C:ULLr!1l

QUQr - Guy> = ~&Ar!D' Guy;,6lJrniJ = ~c$Qg(OQlfTrlJ. "CluV;QJrrw_ .. c: u tllwt$w" (iJ(f!J(YJSi, 47).

C:ul)l .. QUAlII' = 1. QULI.JI-. "~(!!jr5J&6l)U Gumy;>" (tl611&. 557). 2. 8Q.6lPL. 3. WIJ8;8)QJW (Arc). (6lJ,Qf: 210).

Qut:ap

QUI· '9 - (gULL

fillL G LDIT 1f)Jui/6iJ 6T 8iIJ uSJ.trAlLDUJrr!b G1 UI· '9 (JULLq- fiTwir/Drrt61 tb.[!)J· GULUI- - (O)ULL&W = 1. QULl1I-. "~diJ51QJtiJ~ LD6fTUU®W QUt· I lhW" (iJC!!JQlfTQJQlrr. 27 : 22). 2. o;L@UGU'· '9 (QJ.QJ: 209).

QUWrT

GluUJrt 6TQg~W Ga:rr6b c!:p~6lJ"QJ~ 9ft ~mQT m1fitf1"~tbC:&fT ~® Qurr®mw# &~6lJ~tbCls;fT {i)LUULL Q~fT6bmQ)u GUfTIJjJu

UL& ®t61uu~fT@Lb. ~,ff)I UlAr6lfTtT ~@jG'1uUJ1Jrrl.iJ 9<!§ GUUJlJrrQ) mJ61f18i.$uu@w, ~A>6'fTlLJw ®t61J;®w.

{i) ([§QJ rt e!j)6lJ rt (!JJ ~ro6J UJ 6T QarAJT l1I- IfLUJ Ir iJ 6U) AfT U G1 U UJ rT 8i6mQT {i)r;r6iJr@ C:ulr f!:Pw.8)J Gun- (iTw.f!)l GlFfT6UQJ4JJ 1LQ)&QJ~8;~. C:u"" f)fArufIjI GluUJfr g-"u~Qsr We!!JIL (Q6fT6U. 35).

32

QUWIT dI6a>QJr

QUUJrr ~fi'(j)m ~6lf)L lLrTJ gW~W [9fT6UQJfi5)c$9 GJa:rrtbai@!JGfr c!:p~66I f76l1JrC:L ~6'tOQ}6mLDUJ fT6JT6lS)QJ.

Q uUJrr 6TdrU 4JJ ~ m6TftL/w 65J6G)~ bT~Uf!Jl c::f!, stfJ~ Q 5lU6lf)fj)JILJLb ®pS!uum. (G,)CffT~. 34).

GlurfiUJ 4P1T6lJIJrLD

til [Duu tt {b U1 {DuUJrua>6lJ : oroUrufT6lI®U u tt (!!Jw r;;8 (6JC:u tb¢l tb@jrfJU_/lt; JiJQJQ)!D~1Drr~tb ro3(f;J QU{Dfi1)fTW 6Tm~Lb ~uSJJP8i G)a;rrwQlI]i r!hal""lLJ Lb '8i{b{DfliW fT VVrT UJ U UJG6MQrQ8ifT 6iJ QJ rrfOlJp516lJ6isr I {D[iJ{lJrrtOtr

G"i1h"Y='fT ~Ir 6T~~" fiTfiiT~ih i)®8i®{DLlJi®~m~l1./w" ~[!5J6l/1 ~6irTLfI Q~fT~([)1 FF8iW (iJUJrTeJw) fiT~U6NC:6lJ fJl@C:u{bg)} !6fTQJQ} rrui1Gb et W um ~I1./W {6S>L(!JJfim[D8: Qqtllf;/UJrr6iJ mJ6Tl8;~ B; &rrL...@Q/iJjJw ~fTL._(£J61J~th G>urfiUJ4IJfT66tITW §)fOlJrG(D. (~.~. Qt. 81).

QUrfKJWRQI)U8= 6i'C..L.I1QDLD

G urf1C:w rrml7 8; ms;u5JfiM IT tb ~L..@6lJ ~ ~QJ wi) ilGJufiir.!!)J 8j (!!jiJ ~ ffiJ ffilW W Go: UJQJ jJ6ba>6lJ. & LL_ (J!6 It ~ ~ tOlCjJ Lt>!!Jl8; Q) &UJ tt tb &L:_LJT.:fJ/ Qa:rr6iJ6UfTtD &L@6lJffJI QlYJ&&w. ~diJf1jJmLb QqfT6lJQ)fTJb &L_@Lb (]urr4Jj ~Gl1fr8j6Tr ~6lJrta.i6fr 6TQg~W ULtT<tme;q Q r!F rrruru fT 6lJW p5J I tC It tR ffiJ 8i6Tr et arfflJ t.h (!j)fiirAfJ m 60# Q a: rr6Ururr tb &LL_B; 8D..LJTQ{D66T.f!)l (8)fT~@, ~fTffiJ8if!rr 6TQsr~LiJ ULtT &m<!hq G1 t!F tt 6lJ6V fT tb 8i L@ 6lJ rT. JJI ~ Ol/ W !f> rr 6fT m L mJ 6iJ QJHiisT 6'lSf} 6tD fit) ~ {ljolrrmLDlUraJ L~.tOJ 6lJl LL Q p:,m !!)J tb, un &u GJ u rflGUJIT It 8i® ~.t Go: rrro Cu tt {DrrG)~dr .f!)J Lb 8>(!!jiJ, LDL~fbt.bU1 (J fTfilfTfTOlDfJ ~tfjj@j~Q)th Q UJ ~ ~ tlJ U Lit r$ 6m t$ rJ Q 9" fT Q"il) IT 6iJ (YHiGT 65f1 om 6lJ U U @ ~ iI & 8"n.9)JQJ~ ~QJLDL LD'7Lf·

.dPIriI®l>m{lj (~ffiJ®tbQ)!D) G'tUJW U![)J ~6iJ66J, I h 1iiT6tr.1f)J QUIT ®6iT U@W Ggrr6lJ. ~wU1(JfTGWfT@ ZLfi6)t;TIUIT@UQJIT tR!§JlhQr GTWfJlJW G;)U fT ®GYf}6iJ ~J:G)CFfTfii>6I)Q) QJl,PffiJ(t!JQJrr. (Qqrr6iJ. 113).

GluO

QU(!!J (@j) - QI. ut;J,;m (b) - ~. G6lJ.

U6U - u(!!J - GU(!!J - CO'Ju(!5®. G)u@ffiJa;m~ - u@,un~ 9j~rr.

GU(!!)6l/mLUlfTrT = uC!!J~/' Ff6iuQJI7 (Q}.QI: 210).

~

~LQJ~ Gu6hT@ ~5JUJ ~®QI@c$~ &rr"flo ~Q)Q)"~®UU6 ~6iJfit)~ 9@6lJmr;rQUlfT(!§QJIT 6lJfi'6J/Af!)l Qlh"6trQJ~. -_. QUfTC!§tf;~fT& ,&fT uxb or Qg !!)J W (D)u:: fTQ)fit)U, GJ u.f!)J w.

33

G1 u @t.bu~iJ. w&&m l1)6fIT (yJA>fD&<!!!JL GJ U<!§Lb u n Q)rrfirifQltD66>!f)/1 )fiQsrfj)JQr dNL8;5) tf/tbU~fT6iJ, GJurrC!!>!A~rr& &rrWW G)U®th iJ fiG) fiJfT Q UJ..,. U U ,:_ LIJI. c$ QJ It ill LD 6IIT 1iJ & <!!!J Lb, j) UJ [b fib) 8i J; @j LDfT{DfTfi5T 6'TQ)Q)rru L/QfTrT.lg] QJ6Ul&&@!JW Gu®Jt;iJmltilSU(]UJ. ~"{lJQQJrr@ GUfT<!!J~~fT6f)LDfL/W (;)!6p51G1UJfT@ GUrT®tA1DfT6~UJUJtb utbp51, G;)u®t&iJmGIIT G>UfT®!A~rr8;&"LDLb 6'TfifTUU'· , §Ji" ({D.i)J6).

QucmJi, 0J,6lI ~

eJ ~ iJ Al 0JfT j, G) ~tiJ6lJ QJ 6W .$ &r5J &<!!!J Qr, j)1}"..,G L LD{D W" <')) QlWIT qUJUJmy~fi61. C:lfGwrr6ir QJ6lRfT ,j;&~iJd1Qsr!J)J 51QJ LD~(yJW, LD rrC: UJ rr W QJ fiAT Oi 8i ~ iJ AfJ Qr./f)J iJ (!!Jl.D fT '" LD)fi (y) lb I a ~fT Qsr p516fT. 65J r;;hr ~ QJOi a QJ Ii 16 wiT GJ 8i IT 6Tr fi5) a;t6J Qr UJ AT et r6J ® J.b tf/65>!D ti 16 j)6lf)!DQJW Q&rrm-m& fJdJuLLaUrr.IjJ I $t6Jar 8"n.{Drr 0;# 516l1Qsr 6Tar.!J)JW tBrfldT lktDfT& LDfT6lJ (wrr(JUJrrAT) orWJ!)JW, GlUUJrflL@ j)Q)!DQJ6tS)6lfT QlIi'U1• I 611".

( 1) M6l.J11) • ..o

_fAD!I)QI'" Quw.r

GtfFt:::UJrrw I i16lJDiT 6T wftllw j)(f§ Ga:fT{b8i@!Jw, 9C:" ~;$JafI rJsr .g;J C:~rrtOirp51# U1611th~QJW 6Tdr~W (i;)UfT(!!J67S)QT8; G&fTftlTLfiJT.

&QJ - ardr. efT'" - &6i>6l5I = ~($JuLf' ~@J;&fiI)QT. &Qr - 8rQTf.lln6'fT = Oi6lJ(Y)e9 Qa=t§Ja;~w &@L.b ~@uLJu G'Jrrw!D lJifT6Y1QJrrtiJ.

&60 - GtfFGU - C:qQ, = Qa:t!tf/!D& Q&6lfIT6I>L urtiilrT.

C:56b~ Ii' = (Js:6b ur w C:Uff §J)Jw (;)q6lJ6lIrfl Ut;T!h~ Qu,*,~Gtr 8imT. G'lf6@uU1Qu' tEJ!Dti> g,QJUUrr~Q)fT6U, G)!6@uU16ir QUUJrt G<!F/6 tilfO:2J6tfJ{f>8; ®# ~~i!Jl.

9. a~fT : 6TrfJ = Q~®UL/, g]QJuL/. orrf1wourr = 1. tiJ6lJ!l>{h (JpC!!J8;& WGlJrT. "bTrf}LDQ)rTU UQl6'fTj GO:QJQJrrliJ" (f/QJ8). 602). 2. Q~!A~ITLD6'6)fJ. "G)a:oiJQJ G6lSTrfiWQ)rT9 (]r!FQJIlI-AlUJ" (f/QJo;. 2741).

Ga-6b - Gla-Qr - (i;)CFL@ - G>e:L'-9- = 1. q}QJ{b,., ~l.1f-mUJl1Jml_UJ QQJLUltl (;)6111- "Ga-:ffiJ8i/T.u G'lQJL.i1" (iJ([!j(!p@. 21).2. CYJ([§8iv6r.

Ge:dr - Gl6tiJ - (D)~wUJQJm = 1. i)QJ/h;f>QJar. 2. &iJu6lJdi. 3. Ga:6lJQ1fTuJ. GllFtiJlUQsr = ~.

(;,) s:tUUJrr6Tr (Qa=tUWQJ6YT) = Q a=tiJG&rr6lJ/. iJC!!JI-D&W-. Go:tUUJrrw = U16lJth~., Qg w/dl.JITt.iV.

G'UFtU - (lIFW = 6!QlU'_', GqGllGlJrrtiJ, (yJ@&iir.

C:utiJ - Cl8UJ4JJ - GCFW,up = li1QJ~{h.:ffJI. Ga:w§JJ - GCF,gp. (l84J1 + cti = G6(TJrr. (:6 fiji + ~wucru = Gu,",rrwuflaJ.

34

Ge:tiJ - GIFUJfitT - GIFUJfTQu = G6titEl!D~{lJfTW. G6UJQJQu = G'J6QJQJ"W, C!::P(!§&Ar. <l6C:UJfTAr = (!JJ(!§&6lT, ~QJ ••

G8W - (l1F. a8~~6iJ = i}QJ~~fiiJ.

<::8 = i]QJU,-/, (Je:r6JCZ&fTLQDL.

Go: - a.!F~16I = ~QJU4'

Ga:I>4P - fJt!Ft68 = 61QJU4, " JJ/(l6rr®. (Jo:!A4iI - C:lFJ6~ = U}QJti{DQlQf1rrw(!p(f!J&roiT.

<It!Fti~ - Gt!FtfilJJ.

9·C:!61T : C:QJt6~ - (lQJt6/P, (yJ(!§&Qsr - (yJC!!Jf!!>. (llFti8 + &i)6b = (Jt!Fi6j)6b - G6t6j)6iJ.

(Ja:!h6 + till" = (J8t!/PTfT - (i;)t!F~.{6JTJt (~<¥GJt!Fti4l1rt). (;)a:W - G'lgliJlbmLD - Glt!FWA>LD - (i;)e:QJ6'5)QJ.

c;)t!FW - Q6QJ - Q6QJ - G)6QJUL/.

Q6QJ - ilQI - U}QJULj - 61&ULj.

~QJ - iJQJQJ - 6]QJfiI)Q).

g,QJ - i1QJLD - N16lJ. = 6JQJ!i~QJAr, G!i(l§uUI. <!Tn.{lJfT J, {EJiir J!)J 1LQ)&~6J){D &i)UJ&~ &i)A>Jl)QlW.

"QJ fiW mT Qg J ~ Ii j) QJ AfT fiffT. I ~ !J> ib QJ"" QffT Qr J LD rr ~ J; q, 8; &J..j,{DAr (yJ~.&UJ U/QlAT QUUJIr,g;a)6lT C:!DfT~&.

Aiu_""'A)8)

~t6' c9i7 tEl fil)~j) tb~tf1 UJ G;) &"Qsr mID wrrQf)QJ. GJ <lifT W om!D

GQJtiJt6a~. - Qa;fTArA>JD (JQJt6fjAT.

Aiupi'

®t6'c961 tfJQJI>j)tb~rftUJ (QQJeRrJ 8jfTmm. ~"fitr (DlQJ.m-6Rf1[DW 61WAlLD <!!>tDI~1i4tl·

Aiu.u~1O

QP& &6lJIT, ~Q)tb. ~~"Jb i)QJfl)J&@j<I ~aS1 fiTfiitTJ!)J 9@ G)UUJtt. &Aif1c1g)..,Lb (UJQJJ'VW) 6}QJAT UAlL. c:M"QIT"6lJ dNQJ~8i@)& &AIf1c16JUJITQg (LD(!:l'QI"fi'IfI) fir. J!)JW QUIUIT .

• aMIfl~

flL(JJQJ&(!JJW GlQJ6irfilflLOA)QJlL/w j)(f§&C:&fTQiQ>8i~tb G~rrm-,"L

• •

C!§'" fJT (yJUJ.

•

urrQJrrQAJTrr

35

~6ir (!)QAlTu,

{h Gtr 6lJ UJ j, ~6TT" ~ 6b I §i1 UJ ill LWU1 AT AT tr ~6b I (i)W tDA>&UJ Alfr It 651 aT 6V tr {D fib I <!:P tb!f)J (yJ afT rt ~6iJ I (i) UJ 6U U fT 8i c: 6lJ c$L(h> 8; c$6IfJ 6ir ( U tr t!F ffiJ & 6ffJ wisT ) t8 ffiJ ® ~ ~ , c: U I;T C!!J@!J 6tD LA> LD I <!:p LlI-Q1/ Q) fT {b QJ iJ)./Olf)L6lDLlJ, QJfJ LbUJ66IfiVu (!pA>LA>W 6T6iSTfJlIw OTLQ;1.

S)QJAr Q~If~

UAlI '·'4 G;rru4 ~y51U4 616irrf!llW ey:>w.!J)J. SlQJAr 6U~QJili

aJ 6lJ6m8i.

(1) c;, e; rr Qr Q)!D W fT A> 6l) UJ 6lflffJ tA~ ~ 6lJ (J LD ~ i1 & SifT Al6TT Un-!6D

Q,fFfiiJ s>Jw (;)6WGLD QJf) ILl AI.

(2) ~QDlDwUU.

6T Gi> Q) fT 6lJ t6J rt a; L.._~ W {Ii IT til ~ Ii fill ~ c: LJ fT W JD 6lJ AT . QJ Q) i.J 4 {D tb ~thm~J;<J"n../f)J Lb (i), u4!Dw {DfTW&c!Tn..J!)J Lh Gle;rr6ilr L{lj6VrrQJ I LDr6JAl& uffiJ8IW ~aiJQ) ~ LDrrG)~fT(!!J urr &AT fiTQg.{f)J GJe:rr6UiUuu(puQlAr.

~.A)~&&a/JlJlu QUill" "rrvci6AJJDu QUIU"

iJQJrotr UlQ)QJ
(iJfiI>/D6lJW (i)Al JDt;5}
C:$D6ll6iT a~
UfJ6ir U6lJlf;T
• • c::!JIwmw
JJ/LJUQST
!.8UJw tBQDUJ
W6'f>6lJLDcntilsr •
LD6I)Q)W&6Yr
~661 (§QS)Af) LD m Q) W 8i 6isr to 61) Q) U) &Qr et 6isr fJlI t.b j) (!§ G1 U UJ (f§ W, LD 61) Q) QI rr IP G;){Dti..t6lJW 6TQrrGJD (i;)u fT®6rr u(hJ6lJQT.

t::lJI t.b 6"IS> LD UJ U U" QI L1J-QJ Lb I j) Q) diJ & tb (66J iii &w) et 6iT fI)I Lb IL® QlI1I- ofi1.g))J Lh , fJl Lb 6T 6ir fJ)J t.b 96l5J QJ tq... 6D1 SH tb, iii. fiI) 6fT IU tr IT 8iy51QUJw~w R..&f;T Qltf/ 6lIl.J1-o61WJw, ~&&U Glugw.

~~ = (§tdJ. j)608;~ - j)Q)8;&i.b - j)6lJJiJ&w.

~LbQ')LDUJUUAT QJUJ-'lI, j)61ltD6lJAflQr a..6iJr6llUl QJUJ-AlQl& 8irrAIT (yJ l1I- til tt ~ j) fib 6u!D QI IT afT (T "AT (;) U fT 4Jl LD 8; 8i ,_:JJ.$. f!_1U It Ji,5 d'JItdJ'V UA>Lj,{Ij g)j,{Ij([§w (y>6If1Q1(!§W, j)61lJDQlAflQg c::WJb1DQ)Q)(:V G1 utiiW &a.fDrr q, 6L([!>QJ51uulr.

j) su t5J 8; QJ L1I- &l/ t&A>Q)u1I fib, j)6I) JDQlfiIT" tDJD61)QJ 8; ~t61 .tell> ~UJ-"'~"";,i1tb~ cC.,_LaJ". frrwgw, atDa, t&tb~1ll

36

@6lJrfiJ8)~~tb® ~6l.frnLUJUUQr fiTAT!f)JW, GUUJfr. ~6lJ6l)LUJrrfiiT fiTrWu~ ~6l/mLUJt.bmLD, ~6lfmLUJrr#6"I 6Ta,.D)JW QJ~ffiJ®th.

(3) C!>IJQJAr

~®illL/v!tr61T QJ It Ji®, ~ th fDmT (dJI ([!J 6Tr (yJiMJ QlGkr) QJ liJ- 6'81 iv 6lJ {6 §;lI tJ_UJt;Tp5J6lf!J)J~~w Ut;TLD ~g}TfJUJ~.

(!p ti6f) QJW (J 8i rr 6lJ~ iI tb c!F m LUJ Of) L rOd) LDUJ fT 6iJ , U1611ar 0: Q) LUJ r;;tr , ~ fiifj) LUJ U U ~ 6T AT .!!)J Lh G u UJ tt G u £bID fT 6ir. 4 fJ Lb = ILUJ n- If;J 6"5)Q)8; 8jL'-9-' I o, c::!JIo"o !pGtn;ifT~rt. LJfJ W - U fJ Lb = c: LD SJlQ)a;w, 4.-3 L._@6lJ8iw. Ut;TW - Ut;TwroV = C:LD(JQ)rr6lrr, ®6f>{DGllw. umb .. QJr;TW - QJr;rm (®flJ61r. 24).

( 4 ) 61'Aar 6lJ'4QJ8r (",. L~.;Jj)

tElfiUW, !CIT, S, 6lJ"",, QQJ~, &ilt;JQJw, i1ffiJ & fib-, ~~6f,T (~~LD") er Qr ~ W et fiifr Q u tt (!§ W QJ ~66I 61fTW. et Ifi.J@jW !ffJ rn!D th 6iJ C!!J U u 411 u tbp51 fiTfiilrrUJ-6lDc!F1lJ Lb U}QJffJI&@ 6T AlJT (i6)&UJ tr 91# Go: rri1>6Uuu@lb. dN~fi5TrToiJ et .m<::LfTQTAr (J.51r5J.) et 6iT J!)J G) uUJ!T. &f;j(JQJikr ilriHs;6tr , 6TQg~th (!JJ§ c9iL-Q9W ~QJ~&@!J <'!p8;a;fiiirr6JfTfTr$a; 8iLllJuu@w . .JJI$fJ6ITrTro ~6lJfJ»8i@ (l:P8;&6Ur fiiriOT Qrr et Qr.[!)J §)(!§ GJ u UJ fr.

(5) JJ;LQJlJ'fHir

tLu5It;Trrw ~ t&Jmm6lJ G)8fTQJ61j Qa=UJ6V 6TW~th (!P/JG~fTy5JdJ U@WfT!)J, fL.1 loLilm- ~(j;)6lfQr Q~rrffiJ~ @6iTJJ)J @UJdiJ®w Q~<991> ~~umu !f>LLDrT<!Jj 6l/®QJ5J/J~, c?JIifJ GUfT~jJ)J 616U6UrT 1Lt6Jtf/6JTffiJ$@!Jw (U6U>LU4 &fTuLJ ~y5Ju '-I fiTiiT~Lb) a ~fT6ir!D.v QJ fTY>~ 6iJ LDm!D 10 Q) dfJ, fi:J UJ ry;i; Q ~ rr uS' !bu(§JI.JJfT !J)J I c: U@6U&U U (T G) QJ 6'1f11LJ L uHiI GisT ~ @G6J 6iJ tffJ Gil J!)J @6'4l tv 6lJ Viisr G)!6 c9 IF tb ~lLIffiJ@QJ~fT && G8i1T 1lI-/J1Dl (u ITro5J~~) I c::JIQJW (yJ~ G'1~rr y5J6I)Q)tLJw hiJmu ~LLDfT& 6l/(l!JQJiJ/J~, ~QJA>m ~L®6fT ~fiirS)6lJQJfi5TrrJi5J, !6L611(J5GltT (!6~fTUJ&6ir, ~'-6lI6bQ)fTw) "'9stJ!)J @)p51~~W". @roiJ fil/([§QlS;W, '\~/6lW t_j,j)tIJ G1 &IT !>:!DIP ,j}dlrL~~ tb~w". 6TWft)/W 1:L6iJrA)Wf)1)UJ, UJ""L~~ib G)8)"~~4» ~""Lj,~{b~LD 6TQS1~

• •

&fT t_UJ-H.1 6lJ rr {DIT UJ.

~LDrf}!D"l1J-@tJ{h U'*r6tDL8; a;rrQ)~~"', ewtBLDaQJ&@jLD ufiIIIJ LDQDQ)&em liQ,lfi1li'_~~QS)(!§tili i}QJQDQJ !6&QDt;Tu U"'*l1I-u• U"QJ&@j QIiW~ ~"Q1f1&& Q&"fiIfIr@, ~diJ~ !fJLQJI7~Qu ~<!§U Ul1l-6IlW tEltb8i cJIIWUQJW ~A)LDj,,," •. ~LQJlJgU ulIl-mLDr!Ji6lr tEl ib@ w c: 8» IT 6iI6b 8; G) t;;fT Q, Q) fT tb, JJI WU ilJ G'I U) m- J!)J G LJ UJ I'r Qu{bp51®UU4JI &QJ6lSfI8;8)~ {D&&/IJI. ",LbuQJW ~t_[TtiJ<?!>. dNWUfiJJ~ 1Io./J~.sr I wrar [D" l1I- et W IJ 6JT iJW6f)Q)6 i7 QJW G) u UJ rT ~'". Gu (T tb UiUW fJtDULLUlAr, ~LLbuQ.)Lb i!lPJJUJUfiUl1l OTATUUL'_L4I/.

•

UfTrurr6RTrr

37

~uQ u UJCi17 ~fiiir.!J)J B-l~lbu1Jw 6T QT ~ il rft tA~ QJ YJr6J(!!!J~6iT /DI/J./. i) {iJpJWUfal)W G) U fT W QJT fT6U c: fill U1 U U LLtiJ 6lsT, G) U (TAr", tDuQ)w

(if6JTUUL'_~. ~t7J6trr Ul6iTATOfJ LD~UJLhuQ)tb <O>6lJ6irGtflUJwuQ)w G)r!FUUWUQJW (yJ~~UJ61DQJ (J{hrrmp516"51.

Oil' 'IQ)QTfT 8i8; 8irr~t.b ~LQJt;T c!FQu Ulil-65>LD, ~&8; 8i1JQf5T QJgrrT 661 UJ~LUJrr ~ Qurr ~ WJiQ;L ®rf1UJ(]{!j. g}!Dth!fh ~p51QJ(Jrrfi6T ~L9-U1fTlr, i)!D!A~ QQJ67fJmUJ<lw ~wufit)wrrq,ci; t$(!!J4JlQJtt. ~i.JUfJ G6lJilfIwwuQ)C:w ila>(J tB8;~J; a-,rrL._LiJu(Jj)w. ~fPC:6lJ 6JtbfDWLJ6lJ LD(!§LDW (i1~tbu(J r;ra;rnSJUJw) fiTm QJYJrtu®QJ~.

!6vtf1 - fDlII- - {6' '01 ~LQJTW. ~I ID - ~I' I tb - tDL@QJ6V. ~I' I W - QI. th®"~' {ljrrLUJI

1Ll.b(!p{DwlJ = 8D.@:fj6b. ILW - ~w - ~Q)LD. -MGGlLD1fjoU = 1. Gf6®ffiJ®~6'i>, ~Lfr f>6lJ. "6lJfiSJJjJUJ6lnW CFrrfJ'fJiJ" (LD~Q)Ua;). 161). 2. an.@~6'iJ. ~G"I)I.D -

•• • 3""" If: ." • "

~66)QI = 8iJL_1 ID, ®!prrLD. . \D1UfT(f§:D6~fiU. UfTffiJt$61f>W u16m60

(&th~4' ilC!!Juu[T. 9). 4. tfJm!D1f16U. "2.!f)Ju ua<~U)!64»" (®fD6lr. 791).

• • •• 1 Ii"\. • • c: · ·

o:::!JILD - ~ LD,-/ - dJI LDU fit) = . c9Q_\!.JI~6lJ I (Ji,_L' I D. 9· {brr: LLD - (§LlJ -

®wL/ - @jLDUolJ. ~Lhu6iJ - dJlwuQ)w = 8n..,., 10, ~Q)QI, on.@WlI 'h, wQrr{lJw.

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&(!J;6II6fIT&(T& &L6JlCliTT. (~IT~. a;®6RTfT. 6).

liTL(j}/5 tilGTUFlLlw Uj)6lITfflJ)/ C&tr6llllT(!p "LDt&J(§QWff6iT/OmU (!JJLkJ./i ~#w6J (!JJ61J'"IiC:IiITfiJ~ Ceff*,mUJ (!jJL(Jg-ti;Q)!TliJ &LlI:J..i &(!§L~I6/bw &&&~J1tiJ liIJQJUUff &(§~JlQjmQJlUfftf

UL.LU UlDQ}Q) uSJp(JQJ66T[!)J IliLJP(f)tiJ Uff/D&(]P: (uL..lq.m~. Qurr~. 30).

R-efJu5JL.L &Q)6TJQ)lL/w @UOJL.L 6RJbIi1J~lLftb IIlTIl6mjDtu/fJu

'-I61fJu5JL.L (JetiJmulLjw CUlTtDlPI&J (]Q)tf)JUJff (JUff6irQ66T6lITC6lJ fjJ61fIu5JL..L ~nefl(T6lIiJr (f).m::6IT u5J(§IiIJl6JJ 4Jl6lJiJrmwCJUJ6ir1J)l

(JQJ61fJu5JL. L 61JLti§JJ61JQJI5 Clb6IfJ6IfJ (]w"Q}IT6irlf)lw (]6lJ6lIifr/tj-Q)(]6IIT.

(ULt.q..QT~. Qurr~. 61).

(fJ>UUff(l:RW UfflJ)fftll (!JJlblDuffQJJc9 e 6IJfJUJLDII1iJ c:!JlIUUff(!J>w unY"T UJ6ir4QetiJ6JJ "16&&ffQ)w. (u~~U. 113).

Q6JJLL. (dQJef/&(§6fr(3", 6lfJ61T!&J(§€§ 6~ff #)QJI6Q)I5&

j}LL QJ(TI6CIDkJ.& &J@GTJu(JeIiJQj "1D&&ffQ)W. (u~~tT. 199>-

IOL.L t!6QJmQ)Ii "IDW6)J ClwtinlJ)/ IDffSN 4LUf9 IIfftJlJGUJ &tiJp5} 6JJJjp (!IJ6IIlIT(!IJ fdflllToirlfJl Q6fftiJsH w~Jl{TliJ q~LIT jDLL c$Q)flJ/w (JU& (]J.1)l1JDllJ /Offli t!1eirefl @&G¥J&u5IGiJ

&L.L ilL.. 6L.@ QJW& !p#& Q)QJUJ pJllL{CWIT. (81Ql. QurBi. 518).

Qu61ilr~

61QJ w~~iJ tb@j8; an.p5)UJ GlhrrGi5T (YJLq·Jlu c$L6lJ L_ t!F LDUJ~iJ tb~w. Ii61)QJQI.w {ljfil)fi'lTlUfiiT {Jj6lD6YT fiT6isT~tb (!puQurr ([!J6tf>GTT; 5L6l/Qr &L@fiIIfI &L._~ fiTAT JJ)J Q CFfT65T LDfT tbp5)UI r6J 8il.JDQ)fT W.

48

~6iJ6V!D 6lJ tt u1Ja>(f Cli61J L.b ~m!DQI~ iJ®6lJLfI- UJ6lflLUJQJfT LOfT ~6UfT6iJ, tDv;U 6Ul ~6M UJrT {b C:8iUJ-GUmGU.

Q5W@6UniJ QCh/T6iJ(gQ)/T j96iJ6J5)6If)QT "lli6lf(t6lJ !BIliW dP{f!Jff ~tf !b5/4!. 6li4r@ CEITL#I

ffiffilCJjIf QJbf§CfIi~1i ,ffi/6RfJ61fJ6iJ (JQ)ITGcr Iliff6DJ6M ct6JJL@6lJW umaiem .. I".iJ QU/J)/C:W

&I~6lffffGi'.

1L1l1ff,rb/b Cl611LL $ {!)JlUtT;..mJlJ7 Gm",; li~6 Qt!FW6lf)Q)66T LJ)@nJJcfi)6ir fif7i.J/6 fYJ6ilrQL 6IJfJ6ir

Q~fftiJlL1ff 6l/6IJ&I5§J/ /tJ/&rf ci#lll-lniJ 9i1..@tiJ Q/6fftlllJ.Jff QjQ)c$t5P IP.!£'; #17 uSlGiJQQJ6If}6ir WffP)/U aJ/DUCJIiiT {;}liirmwUjIil &@t.b LDfftDlU 61PJQJff vrru5J@Jw ,@lfJUJtt~1i (;&ff@UJ,;-t6/666rar IbwuSJ(J}u ,fPL@j

JtilGiJ UJff&GlJc!bQUJff@ UJfftlllbQ;I5Qf/i 15611Q)t::UJ. (YJDtb. 214).

't5JCDQlfTlJrru5J~L.b' 6T6!rU~GiJ ~LbmLD 6Ti'ttLD~!D' "~ml.F $J6tf)Q)" OT~.Q)J U6IDY'UJ rovrnlJ Bn.!J)JQJ/!Jl Q UfT®/htDrT ~.

~oiJ6lJ{D~{DrrSJJw 6'8@ QUPJ60fTW fiT~Ua{D ®LDrT1 {brrL_@t/I ~u5Jy){T Q 8) {rtifr frn8i. 8i ~~IJ e!:}Jfr /J if !D tt ILl 67fT fT It <!F ffiJ ~ 6151 U fJ 6(j)QJ UJ tt t;J rr ~ UJ <lflj6lJ a;tO!flSf}6lfUnWG)t;r rrQ;1 ~wu W ~,g;rt ${!).gJ, ~m{lJQI~$ ®Lwurr Gl LdT./!)J G e:rroU6lJuu@Lh c: U tr §jl, ~6lS){D6lJ6ifr QJ @j~ {D (!Jlfi01 [Du U liJ<9) '7 fiRT ~ G) {lj tr (j)I LD mT Jh;:6 0; {b Lf Q) L LD GlJ) OM 6111 Q UJ tr @ ~ GlJ Q) tv LD !l>L"~6lJ.:!U, (ifr5Jffil6lu ~6tf)!DQJ~8;@j 6;T{iJ8ifT @®J;®t.b?

QI.DUJU QUIT®61flW&\)

UJQI LD~~iltb@jJj &1.(l5Jui:l~ 8;L6lJL a=LDUJ~i'{b®Lb.

e;L6l/ L_ .g: LOU) W §JJ pJG'5IUJ It Ji(]8j ZLrfJ UJ G ~ri1fr J!)J W, ~GiJ61J{D~;9JrT IT Ji® £'L@ GlJ 6lJ fiAT 8; 8) t.b ~ 6iT (DJ' _J ~ UJ UJ tt ~ G) ID 6isT .!J)J Lb , ~ ~ ViM 6l) U Ulfj n"W6m U I:J, stt rfJUJl7fT GiJ, fft® ;fJQlJDfT 6W 8)(!!j~/£J/ ~tbmtD~ ~u5J Jj) ®wwl>i'tb 4@jI>~UUL@GtrG1T~. ~(l5J~{ljQJ®W QJJ8iwi'UJC!!JW 1L(!!J6lJ ~ .t{JJ6t06m' uJ16iT (l5JC:UJ ~6W {DQJm67JT QI ySJ U L(jj) QJ ®51~ {Dgrrr . .${iJflJrr(!!Jr6l 8i6U6lJIT(!!JLDfTfiM (ljuSlY;>([!jt.D, ~L'-9-~tlJ O)fT,· '9 ~w GllySJu C:urr8;~,jJJ/l.D g,JQrutlJ C:~ttt.&~ 6l11L~~, dPI~~rr~~ GlJrr~~ a~fT &5) "~fidlrr LQlC: AT /" ~Q)fiIJ D "c$L6l/(l GlT" et dr.f!)J 6'5J61fI /J§JJ <:QlAIT@~6iJ G<!FtUQJ4»J; ~QJQJ~ ~®QJtt ~fD(!Pa>!D ~<OlJ(l5J ~L@ ySJUJS Gle:tiJu.;ulJufT4JJ, QJrrmfirT a!DfTJ;~, "~C:;fJrr C:urr~fDrrC:6W, ~QJ6V (lc$LU ITar". (i16tr./!)J (!j)m{Du5J@QJ~, ~~.!f)J t.b QJy>J;e;wfT uSI([!J&51drtD.{6J. ~~6UIT6iJ, c$Q)Q.)fTrtJl<:&fT, Gurr ~ LD8;o;L(]8ifT, ~ iU 6lJ!D ~ "IT It q, a a; tr, 8j L 6lJ r/rr fill Qrl.$ a; (y) W QJ ySJ U fT@to fi;T!b &fT G~wtTu~ QUfT®tA~fT.{f)I.

au

"

UJTQJrTGm'IT

49

1L([!)611 6lJG"m9;r!JiU UAlIPUJ fiItDU"@ (Old Testament) tBrfiJ~, 1:L(!!)~6lJfT 6lJ6mc9;r!];U qi)fI.l f!TJburr@ (New Testament) ®wrf} C6fTLt.q...C:61JC:UJ ~t6J<9rf1Qf)L~ G~rrLffiJ51 G5J L._LG~6ir.f!)l W, dPI~ fTt;J flJ~{fJrrrr e;®w OJ dJ® Q LDrotr J!)J tb, L6lRfr ~ LD UJ pSt 9;.

QUQF)QDuiJQURRrr

~ll)lf)rrvtr Ul&~LD ~~6W~ LDc$@9wC:urrGlJ c!:p~fD8jrrt;Ju G)U~7 QRJTrru1J6lrr "~rffmLDi.J QU61f5T" 6TrW.f!)J W, C:QJ 9)J G) ~6bQJ rt 6lT L(flLj QumrGmfTu$6ir "Gu@6mwuQU6Dr" gar.!!)ltb ~Q)!:pLiu,gJ QJy>Q;8)w. (~. iJ. 19).

~

@J!)JLh~ .d2JjJIDtb C:UtD61D[DQ 5J<$~ 6TW J!)Jw, d#I(iiG)~ ~mL~$T> 6lJ Q) 1J g 51 /J~ fr et ar .ff)J tb QJ L (;ILD tr y)I UJ fT W It Q q fT Q;QJ rT. UI Ii iJ

6T Qr ~ th Q 6" rr 6iJ6l5) tb ®& 6lJ) 8) 8n.L6U ~ W6tJ IP (y) UJ (b i1 G>6lJ tb pJl 6TQrUC:1D QUfTC!§w. ~~6lJfTQ) fiJ~iJmUJu Qutbt6J 6TWJ!)JW liJ/JtpjOIDr;r u CO) u {bpStUJrT 6T w./J)J Lb jhuSJ y)I!b 9D..fDfiUfT Lb.

G1u.f!)J - GJuIbt6J ~ GiJUtDtDlfN, Gu{b{D ~6irrmw, C:ujJ)J; GiutbpStUJfTrT ::

UJ!Dt!~ C:u!J)J G utbfCJQlft. au J!)J 6Tm-~I.b GI UfT 4Jlg GCFfTtD®t.b 6J[D/A{6 C:uJ!)J fiTW~L.b QUfT@ri!tr ~(!!j~~6lJ"6i>. fil/Jrfh6Ulr;JU Glu{bt6JUJ/t fiTdr.!!)J Ge:rrfiiJ6lJ4Jl Qurr®~{ljaUJ. ({D.~. Qt. 95).

QuJi>.!dlwrr $rTl1" (~ c!)J,5n'rr)

t5J{DULJfT6U tOJdJ{D~ ~rry;,6l/ Q/@!J;f:,gJu UJIDQ)1J ~a;y,C:Q/rrrT, ~Qr61T~ i!JIT tilm LDILj Lb ~6bQ)rr It; ilL'ilJ8i/J ~ {D Gl/ t.b GJ lJiff Qrt;;f(" rT. fJ>(!!J6lJ6'5)e;u (D}u{bpStlL/w (UI~i1'4t1J) tpQ)Q}rrn-. (~.~. 611. 95).

QUJDOJDIIlT

GuiDa !DrTlt LDI7 W c: UIT60QJ rT. U/6tr 6lS>6TT &r;/rr 51 GW6tT &@9W Q CJjrr C!:l'!~ ![)JW C:urr6UQJrr. ~~6JT"GiJ LD&mmct GSirrWUQrr ~~8)JLiJ LD&a>wc1; G'J&fTW4 6TQu Jl)JLD ~(!!JQJ6tJ)[TU/t.h QUIT 4A/UUL& ®Q)8; Gs;rr~~4iI

•• •• •

fiT"' I)J W aaJ!)JQ/ D 6lJl_PS;S;W.

9® LDfJ {Ai)w d1tq-.t6JiV (yJ66'l6TT &@jt..D (yJAli7TmUJu C:UfTw.lf)J LD8;QT j)®~$D6l5JQg cMQJfllJ8;@j& 8ifTW (y)6lJ)'iiI1' fiTw./!)J Lb GJ U UJiT. (G)g fT6U. 3).

Ci.J

C:u - 81. L1 (bh)

C:uC:u ror6trug,J d/#c!FJj ~pStULJ.

(Ju = ~~t!Fw. "(Ju6Tc!:pi)rr 9iL6l/W" (@j.!DI!6. 87). C:u .. C:uw = c:M8~1.b.

so

(JU& (')

(]utiJ,mfft.D IL(!§Wg6IT Q/(§/lLt&J &/6ff6DJ

<::$(!JJ"'/D (!/Jtirif)/ro c::!PI66U QUff@6IT. (G~ITQ>. 848).

au - C:utiJ = ~8r!Ft.b, ~t8CFUU@W ~G'61.

C:u - LJ- UUJ = ~~qt.h. (Q). QJ : 210).

(JUBi{1)

(JU8i - QI. urrQr; (bh)

C:u - GUBi. C:U8i$66U = IL~Lmr!F".{f)/1 Qc!FfT6iJiJJl~Q), GJLDrr~{DQ), ILmr;rUJrr(£J~ob. U8iI7W @~lPu t.5IfTJutilm guo

C:U& - (lucien = QCFfT6l>, IL6IDfJ, G;JGfrrtbGurr~6lJ' GJUJrr~. (6lJ. 6lJ: 210 - 211).

<Juar(2)

Gl u fTQr~:fjiiJ = !/JI6J>6TT ~{D6iJ. G u rr6Tr6YToU = ~a>fi'ff. Gu fT6Yr = /!Jl65lGJr, a_L._@mw (t5J ffiI.).

GlUfTW - QurruJ. 9. C:{6rr : GfDfTQr - G)~rrtlJ.

Gu ITtU = 1. 4t1 Q")W, .!) I· (ljIm(Off. "Qu rr,uQu tt <!!J (!pLJflI®(i(f)r!Jj" (i]6UU. 15 : 50) 2. LDfJuQurr{h4JJ (UldiJ.). 3. 1L6tr6TfLtD!D4»/. 4. 6'5I6f)t;;(f8r!F 6616iJQ)fT~~. QurrtUut.5lc9&, (D)UfTWelgU/-/, (IL.QJ.). S. :lL6lIaTmLD uilfiiJ6lJrr ~~. "G)urr®6tr Gl&(j))~{6Ju G;)urrtiJClwtD Qe;ITGTf~" (®!DGir. 938). GurrtllJie;Q)sfJ. 6. LDlTmUJ. GUfTuJIbtBtT, (W.). 7. £6lm6lJUJrrmw. ~'4tb4{1j(JLD UJwar QurrtlJ&~L9- OlJfTY>8;Q)u,mUJ" (~®JjfTtb. 3). 8. au fT G'6JUJ fT 6fT .tIJ. 9. (D) CF UltDfi4l8iUJ fTfif14JJ . c;, u rnU8-.&fT 6iJ. 70. OJ uut tb J!)J QJ~, Glurrtl.JwwfTw, G)urrtlJ8;~~.

GUfTtlJ~6b = (GCF. ®. 6'5JJ. 7 .4JjA)QTU@{D"'. 2. §JJQS)61T&8iUU@$1joiJ. "GJurrtU1fJ8i GLrr6iT!f)J GJUfT@tJ;~" (8iWU"fT. U~lF. 49). 3. 8rn6'fTt6J~6b'8)J 9<y>@j~6iJ - (Ga. r§wfDrrmlJ.l. GqfTrfJ~6U .. "~a;6l5iar Gurrli.JfJ" (&wul7rr. ~t5J&r;Trt. SO). 2. 681P/J~{Dfto. "~m6l1 ufTrtaerrl}'u G)urrw{Drr6frr" (Q,wu1;Jrr. ~L...CF. 33).

Gi)UfTtiJ - GluliJ. GuliJ~fiiJ = (Ga:. @j. mJ). GL.DaflQrJ)J 9Qi>®~Q), "GuIiJGUJfiJTU GuliJUjw WfilSllJ)" (~!DQr. 53) - (Gle. ®mfDrr6'5J.). 1. QJrrlrj,tf>6b. "ufT6D1lr WAfT",L !61m!DUJu GUUWWfTrt" (4!D~1T. 115). 2. cfjQ) CYJt7JwOIlUOlJ 1btD16b @@I'6b. "ILAlQ)LjG) utiJ ~(hJQJ 6 c: U fT iJ» t& I6IUJtr" ([6fT6ULlJ-. 174). 3. ~JI)Jt8r'r cfjlP/J~6U· 4. 6f<iJl/~oiJ.

Quw - (JuuJ. C:uUJ{D6lJ = G)uliJ~6iJ (LQJJ. "(JuriJtAAJlt6J (;)&,., §J, 91iJ~.{jJ1iJ G&LL4ji" (ulj).). ~u uJl)r.;Il.Drr~t6Jtb C:utiJt6~Lb or AT ev LD G) 6 fT 6i> '9 tlJ th ~ Li:J et fitr U {D GI W fT@ et 4Jl filS),g; G!6 fT 8; 51 j, ~rft IA~A){D, "u rrL._(fj165l1;J .J1j!TGQ)" et wev tb Q ~"6iJ8ifT uU1UJ jgT {bUrT (GatiJ. 78) tBL._@Lb QJ~ tBLL6U 6TQsr9)/I.b GlawUJ'" ~rflUfT& dI fill LD&& @Ltl ~ (!§ c: LDffjI tb, G;).5 tt 661h'FG) UJ Or J!)J &C!!J ~u u@w

•

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51

~lJmrC:LfTrt SL6lJ8i 6lJY;>s.®U Qq rr6iJ QJl1I-6'8afJ6tr J!)J Lb @6lJJ;li)UJ8= G~rr{b8i~ dl¥fiO)LD!hil®uu~rr6U auUJ~.'" 6T6ir~Lh G)6rr"'6lJ)Q)~ i1rflU16ir Urr[bULL{DfT &8; GJe;fT6rr6lJC:~ ~8;e;{DrrLb.

fiT-@ : Qa;fT6Rr@QJfT - Qe;fTAJrLfT - G)e;rrOWfT - G)&fTAiTtT.

~gQa:lToU 6lJ~6l/a;@!J~, Q8ifT6WLrT 6'T~U~ 6lJc!::p$1m6lJUJfT 8i6l/W, ~{lJ6irQ/ySIUUL_L G,g;fT~fT, GL!lifTaJTfr 6T~UQ1 QJljJrr$1m6lJ

UJ IT Oifiill Lh, @®161D6lDQ) C:!p1T Ji®8i.

(lutiJ - GUlLI - GU&. 9. (]~fT : Cl{DtU - (]~'4 - G{Do;.

au ai-$66U = QJrr6isT /EmlJ §)(!-j)& ~@QI ~ au rrvkt J!)J 6lJfTW6 GCFfT6U6tDQ) fJ@a; Q1/@{bGlJ.

~ ~@j$?)6U f} L6lJ> Lu5J 6ffJ Qsr Jl)J 6'51 @ ~Q) ~ 6U60 ~ g,!i4JJ ~6\) , 8)QJ/Jil65f/w J!)J tlrt Q/fTrT ~~6iJ firQru/iJ/, e:!II~Ar 6lIfTUJrr ~UJ tj)L.61DL QJ ySI 9 (lJJlli .a (f;J~6iJ. QJ rr AT WA) IP GJ U UJQJ §P 8iQ)~i) Ail AT.9)J tB It QJ rr It ~{DQ) c: U"W ¢1 ®:51b6lJfT6lJ, "QJ tt 6If1w !D~ LDUl tt G'J {DfT (!:P8;ct!J'" (@j{Dw. 20) 6TQrr{Drrrr iJ@QJGtr@!jQJtT.

UJ (if) fJ> 4PI {D ~ rIiJ G1 r!hfT L._@{DiJH uSI Qr ¢1 Ii (l;I /Ji)!D LDfT lliU G> u uJ u5J AT Guti.J~G6lJQr J!)J t.h, GOifT L@{bSUW I}§Jl JDJ!)J fb.l)JJ W au fTfilJ8; OJ"' /J;pu GutiJu5J6isT GurrySl:fiQ, orfitr J!)Jw, Ge:rr6b6uuu@tb.

G L1 rrySl{Dib - i)t;T~{lJ6iJ. GI urr ySI/>{D6U - iJt;T L._@{D6b. r.;, u rr ySIu LJ6UlfJ - i)f;JL@mfJ. GlurrySl6iJ - iJt;1ArrL C:a:rr6l)Q).

5> ® 6lJ IT @ UJ 6iJ U fT 8i # G') CF tr QHiO tr L 6b L.D A) IJ> Q u uJ" fib c: U tt filsr ¢1C!!J~~6l)fTtb C:U&~6iJ (jfQrr J!)J W, 651mt;T6lIrr 8j~ G~fT6iJQ)fTL6b LD6D1J:' G>urrySl~ib Currw¢1®j{DQJfT[b c;,urrySl~6iJ or • .!!)lw, Ge="6b6uuu@ ,fi6b G~"'wJ!)J G)~rrL._L QJIJ)&8jwrrt61®!A~ QJ®5J6V/DfJjJ. '9<!!J w6dJ c: ~ 17 W t;;) u tr ySI th~ 'ID f!rr 61f1 6iI LL fT It' 6T 6tT ell I6J IIn.tb J!)J, &.uQ)'" LJ) 8;0; 6fT QJ tt t6J Rf/6b" J!)J QJ ® QJ", ~ 1LI!lJ 8; tt 65U' fit) tt t.b. @6iJ QJ ~ Ji 51 AflAra/D, QlFfT{bQUfTySl6l/' GllFrr!bGurrySlQlrrm1T 6TArifJll&J 8ta_L@# GllFrT"lD&m @8;a;rrQ)~i)Ql (J(ljrrw¢1IL16tr."Qfr. ~~QTrr6iJ, G)urruSJ~6b 6TdTfIlIw Q6fT{b C:U"ArC:!D c:u.g;~6b 6TArfJJItb G6rr6iJ5J»w LDAlfl> fi'B6lD6JTG)UJ"U'-IQ)LD U tb{61 ~ C:~".{61UJG)"fiIT ILAlrt;TQJrrw.

AOtb5le .. g. • .,..

OUr!]; 6TArflllli (;)l6wG)grrfibfit5lAf1dTC:/D, urr~ (bhash, orArflllLD QlL Gc!F rriiJ ~ tb f} rfl Ii66trfm.{jl. &j)m(D ill"" It lie: (D Glo: drmAT U uQ)cS6lJ)Q)& lJjlP&~ ~uSJlJ>8it;Trrf}6I)UJ/J (Tamil Lexicon) Q,.,rr(§j,~ QJLGwrrySl (;)QJ{61UJ@Lb, 'GucS' 6TArilllW Jfj6l)Q)#G)lFrr6i.>61D6"UILJ@~.IP

"cf. bh~" fiTAr Jl)J ~{61~C!§(5).lDortt. .

52

(Juo, (2)

bbas, to speak, talk, say, telL

bhashaka, speaking, talking about, Kav,

bhashana, the act of speaking, talking, speech, talk, Nir; Mn; MBh. bbasha, Speech, language (esp. common or vernacular Speech as opp. to Vedic or in later time to Sanskrit) Nir; Pan; Mn; MBh; any Prakit

A

dialect or a particular group of 5 of them. (Maharashtri, Saurasenl,

Magadhl, Pracya and Avanti, also called Panca Vidha bhasha,

bbashika, belonging to the common or vernacular speech, Nir. bhashita, spoken, uttered, said, spoken to, addressed, Mn; MBh. bhashitarya, to be spoken to or addressed, Rv.

bhashitri, a speaker, talker, SBr; MBh; Kav,

bbashin, saying, speaking, loquacious, MBk; Kav,

bbasbya, speaking, talking, SUST; any work in the common or vernacular speech, VPnit GrS; Hariv; an explanatory work, exposition, explanation, commentary esp. on technical sutras, Name of Patanjali's commentary on the sutras of Panini, Maha bhashya.

sam-bhash, to speak together, converse with, speak to, join in a conversation.

sam-bhashana, conversation, discourse with. subhashana, Name ofa person.

subbashita, spoken well or eloquently,

subbashitam, good or eloquent speech, witty saying. GIL phasis, speech, utterance, expression ..

aphasia, loss of speech, or of understanding of language, owing to brain damage; f. mod. L. f. Gk. aphatos, speechless (a, not, pha, to speak).

A ~.oQ)~ a 6TW/D (51G(J8;8)) 6T@~~tb<!!JJ; 5J(l(7&&/JiJfiU ~, cti fiTw{D 9v618i(J6TT ZL6TT. ~1hQ)fTQJ, C:UBr fiTar/D QqfT6bC:"" &i]IiiJUJ ~rfJUJ rf7dr (ylAT<lar fT It 5JG [1 &t!Ii {ljfT L._UJ-dJr§u UJ;&~iJ6U QJ tt UJ!f,§P QJ{h~(lUfTlP' ~QJrt GLDrruSJuiJ6b urr~ (bhash) 6TQrJ!)JW, 51(J,,8;8) G'lwrruSJuJJ!iJ u rr (pha) et fiifT JI)J W, iJ rfl !hiJ®~1h6iJ G6lJ.m@w .

.. am. (Klein) 4 ... 5)6\>8: Qe:rdlLi![)uUlw6\> d""QP.6Olj Q'Flrti>Hr

"aphasis, D., loss of the faculty of speech (med.) - Medical L., fro priv. pref a - and phasis, speech, from the base of phanai, to speak, which is ret to phame, voice, report, rumour, and cog. with L.fama, talk, report, rumour" (p. 42).

"aphemia, n, a kind ofaphasis (med.) - Medical L. coined by the French surgeon andantbropologist Paul Broca (1824 - 80) in 1860 ft. priv-pref a - and Gk. pheme, voice, which is ret to phanai, to say, speak". (p. 42).

UJfQJrr61lnr

S3

"fams, D., the personification ofrumour in Roman mythology .. " (p. 273). "fame, D .. F. fame, fr .. L fame, talk, report, rumor, tradition, reputation, lit, 'saying', from the stem offor,farit pp./atus, to speak, reI. to/aleri, to confess,/abu/a, narrative, account, tale, story,jas, divine law (lit. utterance, ft. I. E. base, bha, to speak, tell, say, whence also 01 bhanati, speaks, Ann. bay, gen .. bayi, word, term, bey, he said, ban, gen .. bani, word, speech, judgement, GIL phemi, I say; pheme, DOf. phama: voice, report, rumour, phatis, saying, speech, report, OSlav bajo, bajatt, to talk, tell, basni, fable, tale, charm, OE. boian; to boast, ON. bon, OE. ben, prayer, request. Cp. phone, speechsound, Cp. also abandon, affable, aphasIa, aphemia, apophasis, ban, to prohibit, ban, edit bandit, banish, bifarious, blame, blaspheme, boon, confabulate, confess, defamation, defame, euphemism, fabulous, famous, fascinate, fate, infamous, infamy, infant, infantry; multifarious, nefarious, - phasia, - phemia, Poly-phemus, preface, prefatory, profess, prophet, trifarious". (p. 273).

j)liJffjJATW, C:U& fiTwlJ)Jw <D1o:rriiJ C:u - pbe - fe QTilTJ!)JW, U/T& (bhash) - un (blui) .. bha - pha - fa fiTw.!!)Jw, U1/DQJfTfj)/w, i)rfI{A4Jl ufib(jQl.[JlJ GlFf1JD&AlfifT C:LDA>Q)UJrrrflUJ~i)Q) a~rrtb.9)JGll1~~wGTI.4JJ.

efj,uSlQsr; ban, ben, bon (YJIIJ66I1U GJeFrrtDa;61r uw 6TGir~Lh Q ~&iTG6 rr.roti'f5l6lf1Qrr J!)J i) rfl!if) ([§/J~6b G6lJmra;ILD. c: LDm6lJUJ p51~tt j6w GWfT¢1t61. ~IP ~/Jm~lLJL1> ~ufI¢1. <;){DrrQr~L1)Q)UJlL/Lb j)wIJ)JW ~p5IUJfTmLDlUrrQJ, j)~i6Al&UJ uJbuQ) "QJJ!)J8idr C:~rr Ibi61&trwrrw.

U6VfJ)J~&iJ = 1. Gl,*fT6bi1lJ~ib, C:U&~6i>, "U.Aflt6IiJ8;~" (&WUf;JfT. cm8iO&I6J I 47). 2. 9'*(i6)!D~ f)(!!Jwuj, i)(f§Wu# G8ITW .iW~Q, eM6lJQJ §JI er (!:9 ~ ~QJ. 3. IfJ • ./DI If1 AT If)J c: U &(h fiiJ ~ QJQ) ~ U ,+j,,,, fib. 4. ill"§) ~~6b cMQ)ilJ IJI uLfl-~~"''' fj)QJ)Q)..... fillrrliJ51u UArIJ)J6lIGATfT (OJr;rClwfT;'. 73 : SO). S. 4&1P~. "orArwrrfi6lwrr!b U",WfT G)QlWUll}'rrAT QJ(!!J&" (i)(!!JQJrr6, 5 : 99). 6. UfT@{DQ). "ufli>fl{li(yJUJ u6fsT61f1wrrlt" (C:~rr. 408 : 3).

6 .. AT(~), Qf1 - W, u- ph, ph - f, ph - bh cY'_w6IUJ i)1fI4c!JjQr j)w6bClu W fT tfiQ) tt fib, c: U'* 6T" fj)I tb Q ~ tt 6iJ66J jJ» Qr.". U &f;T (IJl t1J IF 8i1;T (!JJw C:Wfif)6lJUJ tt rfllU Q wrrlP&fiffl6b (JLDt/J&rr LliI-lLI6WfifT QJ rr J!)J uwb(J QJ Jl)J fir~;'IJI8;&6fT" &I; jJtfflA.fjIQrfifTAT.

(bp

Gum - (;)UArr - C:udiT - C:u(p - aULAr, (JULlIc::8fiRr~.",Wfil)UJ fiM(!§Ib4W Qumr C:ULAr.

QUAIT ,.,armLD61)1U Si(!§lbL/LD c::tiAlr GUlli- ( ~ID •. 614) ..

S4

(Juqwri' 6lIQD5

i)w/b6l)&U aUf1I-lU@u' Gil6UJtb6l)o;U C:ULlJ-IU(!§W fiT6rrU au '-9-WrT i)@QJ6f),sUJIT. Gt!FWtD6I)(liU C:ULf-UJn- ILQJQr8;8; 9".1T6lJ{b®w C:U,+6I)LD&~tb C:uUl-UJf}'rr&&UULL_Qltt c5QIIT.

C:ul1l- - C:&fTft)lJ)UlW. (<J!HD61r. 727).

<Jl(B

c:fj dJr A>W iJ rft rA/fJI G) u6thrr Al W c:;, c!Ii" 6Rr LQJW c: U lJI-. G> U tORrAl LD iJrflIi6JI c:fI,'*mLD (D/&"6ATLQJGrr (JUL •. ~GiJro5J@QJrt&®Lh G)urrlllU (;JUUJIt C:u@; ($h. iJ. 42, 43).

~o)

(lU6T)~ : U1~ - GJU4Jl .. GUI/JIW61>u. GlU/IIJ - GUff» - C:um~ = LDLAlLD uS/&&QJQu, LDL6lf>W uS1&& Gua.r C:U6lD~. (iJ.w: 750).

C:UA')16 (2) :

/66i>6U61D$fj ...a L@/J 'UJ A> tf,j, G,) ~rfI JiAJI G 8i" Qr U QJ fJlI Lb

~¢1mJ~fT.8Yw .IN¢1UJ"~QJft)Jt.b c:65)UJ ~¢1aJ1a6/.

"(1u~. (§mlTtil§l'§JJUJ ~"oirJDl1#"';Q{" (uu>. 63) (~~m. ~jl. 84),

CIIlb

C:utb - QI. C:u", (Ph)

au = !!JImfJ (U1IiJJ. C:u - C:utb = JjJAJt;T.

"C:uQ" !6"J!)Iil ~"lPtB!ru uaf18&mW" t;{i)mp. ~ SLtillJrr) ~86t5i)661"/J Guti.JC:&rr'· U L'-6lJW QlfTt6JwiJ .!Jlfi6>(1 ~Qr@!jQJ4U i)UJ61JU" "Q)fT6lJ, ~ c# 88; &(!§/J i/aflar J!).J JjJ Qf)fJ ~c;tr 6fT dJ 8i@/Jf/)Jj, C:(Drr66T¢1uJ1(!j&&6lJrrw. Guw = J)lqqw.

OHG/eim, OE/am, Efoam. (QI. QJ: 210).

(JuWQ1QD5

i)®w d/6ixiuB &(f§UL/ - j)(f§WDr@ a~"QsrJ!)Jw GutiJ. (JutiJ - dlSt!F;''''-'&& c56'1j.

~Q)6I)& .. IIIATI-IJI)I_lJIw <1utiJ.

~ dlQJQ)6 (§71JLD&. ~6ixiu1Jl cMfilfTtiJ~ - dI<8lF~~& GudIT

au~. <

p 8;&QSfTIiJ~ .. ,-/6fDL;'IJ/& GI&fT6lJIlHLD c;,uwilr (JuuJ. G~fT8;c$(ifI1l6J(§ - urrn-6fDQJUJrr6b Q&!TffiJlJ}Jw GJufiiJr (lUlU. (}wfT51af1 ... c5LQlJt&@j aLD"&"m~ ILAfTL.rr&iJJ; Q&rribiIHw Gufilfr Quill.

·

urraJlrQllSJ'rr

5S

@LfT5J~ - @@U1<inTW j}fiiTffJJib QUAv C:utiJ. ®!DQft - (§LiJl-U (]utiJ.

Jd,~W - QU(I!)W C:utiJ.

CTn_61f} - ®.!!)JLbJsl,~w.

(YJafJ - lFrnl ,. , GUtU.

J:j,6l5J - ~6lJLDr;rU ~W.

(Jug.

~®QJ~Ji® LD&Ai16fu LD8i6V C:UIJW fiTfiM"UU@6lJfTGkr. QUUJ17Qrr orWU.{!» (JUIJW OTW LD@Q)J[b./f)J. UrrLL_Qu G) UUJ6ffJfJU C:Ur;r~8; 51@QlfP u mr m L fill 1J>,$ c!JjW. dl£1>Q) rr6iJ c: u 17 iJlI 8; ® dPI i.J Q u UJ IJ fT u5J tD.f!)J· ~fil)tt u rr LL_6f)QTUJW au t;TW dJI"'Q) {!JJ au fJ 6fT nlf 6T ~ u fT. ~f7 ~GC£c!Frf1, UI}'G8iCFrfI 6TW/D ULLffiJ8JQr I t5J{b8ifT6lJ~ (J,g:rrlPrt 8;@j tpWJl)J6l1IL_@ QJlf)ffiJ51UJ.{6Iw @w(!;p6G>{lJ utbJ61GUJ. (GlFrr.ru. 28).

Qun~

G'JUfT /J~a;t.b - 46fv~q,

46iJ.#JJl~6iJ = GJUfT(!!J!6D~ib. LJfii.J - Gurr.u - QUfT@ - QUfT@{A4JI - QUfT(!!>/J!fJJ - Qurrj,~ - GurrL_@.

GUfT/J~~6iJ = Gurr([!jj;1JJ~6iJ, C:(Frt';;:fjiU, filS){D~~Q;, eyJL@1h6U, e!P@~.u.

Gurr/JD - GJLJrr~~8iw = Gurr~j}fLJ ((lafr/J{D) 6JL@8i s;!Dm/D, OT(!jJj}UJ GTL@I> G'i",,-®611.

&Qll1I-. C:a=1t ~~'" 6TATtJ)It.D 6lJy>&6tf>c$ G/6rr J;~&.

&WfilDW = G~fTrt!J611. &LD - 8rQ, - (8iQJ6rr) - (8rQl6ifr) - 676lJAT.

6JQJ~~Qy = GU"@Ji~fh6iJ/ 9::6$6oU. &QJ~ - &6lJ@ = UfT~W iJ6l)~j1dJ GJufTC!!JIA611u.J ~LW. &QJ@ - C:6fT(j)I = OOmAlfT, @l;JLR)L_, @fM6TOTfLJ6Tr 9w JIJJ I 9u 4, Q CF (!!JLJL5J (J LmL. diQJ@ - 8i6lJ IJl- = @m6W, 8;{iJmID' &L...(i), QUfT/J~&w.

8jQSJTQJgu tb wmw65J '4 tb 8i-6lJI1I-u.J fTuJ i.J C:u rr 51 lD" It &. et AT ~ tb QJ!jJ&",& Cl{6fT&@)&. &-QJl1I- .. (l,g:rrL1J- = @maIT.

&QJL9-j~6iJ = G>urr(!!1~iJ ~1Jl~u@~~"Q). &QJfJI- - ~qrrlll- - GarrLfiDlWRT = ~1P®u@~{D6iJ (o:!NfiUriuq,rf1u4)· (QJ. QJ.)

CDJUfTL,@ = LDGRrA>L(lUJfTL@U (i;)UfT([§j,fP. G)U"L@~'" - GJUfTC!!J1>4II~ilJ, &L@~ob. GlUfTL@ - GUfTLLAlfI"W.

G)UrT/t,,&W = 1. 6th LJ;;~&w.

''tf)'''ID6ftD "UIf~ (J,m@WtiTJ." (JUJfiJtP" fQu@riI . ....p ••. 34:26)

S6

2. q,(iR18;~U 4~&lb. ""utr~. ~" (S.I.I. iii, 80).

QUIT j,~&tb - 4N;&tb.

~~~c:w IF"Q)~ ~~~tiJ" qr,rrQ)lq... 318),

QlLQJtr &ITL@W (!J'QJw '_'oru/J 6TQgUg,J. ~~~ ustr. 66/. ~. "wi' ~wiJQJ411 ~QJLDiJ (?)" 61'ArJ!)Jw, ~rrlll UfT' ,ll (Dhatupatha) q,L@ 6T AT J!)J ib, Q u rr C!!JQr 8n.gfI 14. QT",. U1 tiiJfLJ G> U IT ®fi"Ift '" ~ ~ GUfT /Jill orWU"Ar j)tfK}u.

cfI, If1 UJ It 8;~ f.YJ~.v Jj/1 Q) aQl $5tb er Qr JDI W, cJl4P II i1lIT L !6" Qr fiT~"UULITj)(f§ti6 fiT~~& 516TToS 6TATI)JUl a&6tr66J 6TdTJRlW G'lUU1Jt GludJJDG1~ArJJ)Jw, cMgfI&. (QJ. QJ : 217).

Quncn;a.:. uneun(8

Gurr([§Qr8i6fDm6 6)A)QSI, ~AI1Lb, GI)"iP'" C!p,,'&UJATUtbgflu UQ) QJ6m&UJrr8i QJ(!!>~~8; &"'JD'" Qurr®L Urr@jUrrLrr@w. j)ijI(JQJ et t! ~J; &QJ)QJILI gfI fi8 Jb(t!Jw cfb IJ rr IiJ # g, &<!§w r;, ~ fT L8;& WfT W. '9 ® (;)urrCfj,""",uutbt61# iJ/DuufTUJrrfJrrll./c!pw, ~6 fiT[t,~ j)QT ~fiI)fh6 a6tt!i~GJ~AT Jl)J ~t61!A~8)rrdrQJ~ j)dTt61fUQlWUJfT /i:!6rr®Lb.

"jJ& fTfiUj,j)6b , QUIT(f§. 8i6J)QTU utbt61UJ cfl,1J fTUJ#61WJ6iJ C:W6ITrTL LfTrr 61!Dti.ll 6lisrr!6J@jeQg/D'" tt. ~QIJ'IT6b, (!JJtb&rrQ)~i/aQ)rr j)th iJ]Al6U6I)1U& g,p {6fT'.' IT", i)/DUUfT&j ~uS1lJ>tt, ~QS)4j1®IhIli6JTtr,

Ufi'ilTAlLj, ~uSJlJ)tt, Glurr®Qr&QQTQJ",rrQltD6fDlDu/w u5J& JjJI· , I LDIT 8. 'f:fJ/.1 rrtiJj.ljl ~QJtb6lS){D Q}C!!Jf,IJjI& &a.tDA>, f1tflQfTUU@~tiiU, QQJt61fi11uu@/I~6b fiTArfJILb (YlQlA)8iuSlIJNLD QJA)8iu1@ QqliJ~/lJJ u51&u C:urrdJlfJI,~&&",,~.

1.aue .... ..,.,

(1) i'eQl"':' Qu.(!)'ir - A'w"~t j..,.,-_.

erwfifJ"u G'lurr (1j6fr &f1S)6TT,,-/W j)LW G)uUJlrQl IJjIw G uUJIJ !TfirflwlL/w u Ibgfl j)lLJfiJ({!)i}Alalr iJ]fjf)fif)jj)6W)6fIST tOT'" j)1J'*' LrrtU QJ@~§JJ 8; lm..t61QJ1 It. j)QJ pAll' QJJAlIDQ UJ 6" W dig f7 t1J fiT" J!)J W IF rIiI &LDW ~ fTQJ(T Ib er "" J!)J lb 6&1)1 alit QJ LJj/T eatr Ir. j)fJJ riI(§ j)mQIT 1Lt6J (!jQrGYT4jJ LDL@tb. {§""'j,i/A»AfTuJlib Lui(!§WWDW j)"'Q}.:j/W

• •

~L(fjJ~W.

(2) ~Qu.e'" - __ .ai_ QIDIiJ. L..aiQI.DIU.

et QJQ)", U Q u rr (!§. &eLD {D Aflll./ t6I It, ~Af1 '4 LW,-/, lLuJJ@6Tr6fT ILLWLJ 6TQlTe!:PQJA)&Uu@l.b. j)QJtD6fJ/D (!j)QDJDCJUJ lLuJlrt, (i;)wliJ I ,Luj)iTGi>wtU orAlIO"'" ulJ)J6~ufllPlt. &LQjeW C:UlL/tD ILL61DilJU

57

01 rf1 th ~ ~ 6ll1lL1 W 1bvQJ ILl t6J IT ,. U1 om c!:p tb i1L t61 (J d.> {D ~ 0':, p5J 6'6) ~ ILl LW L/ Lb Lui! fJ tD!D (OJ U fT ® ~Lb fljroaflGl usds: ILLW<Dl U fT@ 8iLlJIQJfT@W W8;c$m, Q)/QJf!t®1 U{D6f>QJ QPfbGl5JUJ6V tLu5llrQwliJ. SfLt6Jtt GlLDUi 5T~~Lh G~fTQ) @W.!J)J QJY;>&5JdJ.[f)l, ~;f>tb@ji.J uiJ6lJrrS;U t5J IJTr6lf5f1 ~Qrr~t.D 6lJ LGe:fT6lJ Qly;>riiJ5) 6lJ@5JmtD4». UJI}'(rmr~QT UJfi6lLUJ§JJ UJlJrrrmfll lLuilfi5lr;TUj6'6>LUJ GwtiJ tLu11ttG'lLDuJ.

1Lu51 tt I Q LJ) Ill, tLu11 It G LD uj et Qg ffJJ Lb e!jJQJ ~& U Q u rr (!!J L QUUJrT~UJ, ~ GlUJ~~~ ~{bC:flJf1GLfTi.J46fnUJ t$([§iJu51 LLQrIT @6U8;&rmfla;Q,- 6TQr 5».

eyJ 6lJ m t!J)U Q u rr ® 6fT 0; ""' 5J1I ill IL u1J (!§ th __ t6I rtGJ LD tlJ '4 w (if UJ r§J ® ~61fJ~lLILb G LDW t€16lOilJ/J$lmmrUjwrr@jw.

1Lt6J!TG) LDWmUJ# er®8;o;WU tbp5J Lull rfJ or roisT!f)J 8n.[DfiUrT W. U1 tbt$rrQ)~ fjJaiJ I.IJ~ ¥(;Urrrr Glu fT ([!)6Tr a;G6fr6U6lJfTQJtbm/DUJtD 8iL6l/6rr ~ Ar uxt o;L@ 616IT ey:>QJ6'6)&UJfT a;u U®j;~6STrT.

(3) dUDIQJQD51L1uSlIT

6T 6i>6Urr 6l/ t61 rfJ,!J;m 6fT UJ t.b I aJ t1JLf6lJ~ t.b U ®,,~P5J 6l/ WfT 8iJ UJ ~!D{l516l/ u tbJI51, tjpfJ {l51fL/ t61 rT (yJ~Q) ~!D{l516l/ c6J rt 6lJmr;r ~!DfT a;u u ®j,$1 ®tA

• •

{ljfTfT &6TT.

@QrlDtDI QJP(]QJ ILtD/Dp)J QJ~C:QJ 6u6lliJrLtP QJPCQJ c!N/DQ66TIT{f) ,l6O't::QJ t'!P6irp;p)J QJ§JJaQj c:!J}/QJIDQ/Dn@ (!IJ&(J& ,lJ1T6iT&pfJ QJ6c:s., c!JllQlrDQfOI'@ MlJiJrCIiIN !fI,/iJl6tD1 QJ#CQJ c!/IIQJ/iJ(JJDIT@ (JHDJ<Ju.J cfhIDtDI QJ6CQJ ~QJ{iJQJDIT@ J.btiI1TCsn

t::jD!fJjJ6ir ILtiIIIT~(J~IT/i {JlJtJlu u@~1J1iIIICtT (572)

L{QJ§JJw UJVSJlw j}lill 6>5JtiIf{]QJ

Lfl/D6JlLD ILtnflQJ c!P/&&lmfiTTU J.5JpJU(]u (573)

,mJiIflLD (!IJU"~w FF(TJI 6DJ6IIT(]QJ

t5JjlJ6J{tD ILtnflQJ c!N&6Jli1JmtJ t5JpJU(Ju (574)

!6166 = !6j,6lS>~, cYJfJW = <FtiI@.

,JJ~I)JLiJ "IfJIW4LD (!IJQJtOJ 6bJm(;QJ

t.5JflJQ/w ILtnflQJ ~1i&J(iI)mU t5}flJuCU (575)

i'1~6iJ = 8i61DJDUJrrAr

IJ-@w Dw6JIlIw fjITGin&JDl ~QJ UJ/D6l/w ILgr(JQJ c!PI&6iJm6T1iJ J.5Jp;UCu (576)

l1JHQ{ IDH.&~LD !BUJpJI 6DJ6ITc:s.,

OJID6JlW II...gr(JQJ clJ/&&JmmU t.5IpJUCu (577)

c.nr. urr. ," - 3

S8

W&~tir ~g(]LD dIhflJp)J I1Iu51CP-

LfJ/oQjw IL~QJ ~&$I61J61TU L5lflJu<lu (578)

~mQJ G~fT6iJa;fTu01UJ JVltburr 8;( @/Ji)r;rth)&GTr. G)~fTru 8irruUlUJ~ iJfiiT e;rT6UW ~.(!jJ2000 ~s!hQ)"jWt.h, e:!IIff» 9® QJy51~QJrr~f;ufTS»w, "C:~rfli)w lL~rTtAC:~rrrt G)!DpSluu@~i)6rTC:fJ" fiTW J!)J 8D.pSlu1J@uu {lifTS» W, ClwtD8i:LpSI UJ Q s=tiJi) a;6tr G'I ~fT~.f!)J Q ~fT L@ Q~@ffiI.!JjfT fit) LJ) tt & 6lJ Y;!6J 51 dI L1I- U u L. L QJ ~ 8; (f!) 8i6fD 6fT Jj 8n..J!)J W W r;T ,_j UJ 6'61 {b lTn.!fJ U U LL9-<!!JU U ~rr iJ)J w, ~u51 y; rfl w cfJ,.Q)J uJJ tT u U"@jU rr@ orfiiJrf!J)l8J® G WI· I fT ~ G'1~fTdTfif)LD;' Gi'J{liDiTtDtDJ useamb.

~ afJ I fj)1J pSI ill u5Jm t;T ILl tb LD 65fI ~ am 1] UJ W ~ QI 051 ® QJ (if) (Ii UJ tt CIi U u®/J{fJ.!fJI u5]a; 6iJUJ8;e;I>~&{Drr~w.

" 4 6iJ ~ LDI7 ~ W 91] p51 6U1 fiJ1(l QJ " er Qg 8)J Lb c: u rrC: ~ fj) (J p5J 6lJ u5I tt j)1J6ilrrLrr&U U@j&&UUL(f;1aJ1L..L4JI. ~~mfT6iJ, LJoU§JlI&C:!!Jw LD fJ ~ §JJ 8; (t!J w ~ Qf) L u5J fib IL 6tr iTT U roW @, 4 {h IT, Q CF 111-, Q 8i rr 111- (y>~~ UJ 61f Ln 4 6i:J66J ar QJ6'a)8;UJ fTUJ LrfiJ ®w et m u!p 4fiUfi5T tt ®w. ~ QT "6iJ , e!P ffiJ 5160 fT", !fJJ ILI!)l U U IT oiJ Lf 6iJ 61J rr ILl W g}_ UJ 1J /J ~ tr 6iJ LDfJ to IT ILl ufJ (!!j U U ~ rr 6U, JP/4J1 et 6iJ 6lJ6(j) a; lLJ 6Tr ~ LffiJ «!J I.b 6T tOir ~ W 6JUJ~6f)tjj tB&@jQJ~tb@j

LJfOc!6lhff !:p66TC:QJ 4liJQQ)6lIT QWff¢/U (Q~rrQ). 626) dPI&~&" JP66T{]6JJ w{TQlJ)6lfT QWff¢/U (Q~rrQ). 627)

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QUfT J!)J~¥iu = 1, &~~, "U)GiJ6r)a; QUfT .!f)J/J{!jrr<::WfT&tt!f,~rr~A>L" (®!DGtr. 37), "~ma::t6JoofT UJrrJim& Gurrg)J~~ t6JQ)w" (239). 2. {hfTr6J®1DGlJ. "~Q)iJ~ ... Q!D@<§g,rnOJr iUy> GUfT !J)J~~rrffiJ®" (4!DfDrT. 58). 3. ~600~ai.J. ''.:::Jlww600 Qurr .f!)JdiiJGf}'Qsr !D6J)!D~~rr6ir" (lLua~a::r!Jirr. fL®~iJ(Jrr8;.44). 4. (J!DfT6l/ {ljfTrfiJ@j~6b. 5. ~muLh Qurr .f!)J/J~fiiJ. 6. LDQfTt6~fT@!J~Q). "Gurr ./!)JrJ,5} C:~L.u CUrT J;6:!LJiu 8irrC:~w" (i)(!!)G>.Jrrs:. 23: 6). 7. 9® 6'6I6l)QTmUJ~ ~tb.!J)J tKJ.,fJ)J/Ji) GtJ)6lJi;;f)6U. Gurr JJ)J, ~uLJ{Dw iL~QRJTtiiUfTW (1L.6'lJ.). 8. &fTQ){6 ~rry>~~oiJ. 9® wronflG{6I7W GUrT .!J)J/,4JI QJ~~rrw. 9. /CmrL s;rr6lJ{6 ~WUUUL_@ ~~;{f)l_lJi)UJrrt6J®/,1Jj6iJ. 10. 96irp51tb~u Glurrf!)Ju u tt ~6iJ . dII.ffJI .!!..Iiir G'I u rr .f!)J U L{ 11. w. gf) sfi {D6U. 12. hi) t;;fT 8i c!JjfT (J IiiJ G r9ifT@~~fiiJ. 12. uu) c9;9;Q) W t$1Q) !b~L._@~6iJ. c: 16fT 600 G u rr .!J)JrJ,/!jJ i.J C:UfTtiJ~L_L~.14. QgQ)Gl/ {Drr#'(!!J{h6U. QJQhgL1l-lLmL~~ 65/,' I rrQJ ~ u.lJ '7 Lb ILC!!JU tt tLW QSlfOM U Q u rr J!)J /J4Jl6'6I (J;1w. 15. ILQlQf)WUJ tt 8i~ ~®~Q). "lLwwQurr Jl)Ja;&Q)fT~ (]~rrtOlTrni/' (gQJlIi. 402)

G'J u tt .!f)J 4s; = t6J '7 WU I r.!:Pa;(r!!) (yJLLI ~6YT6l1J tb® W1c9!iJ. Q U tt !f)J 8,CJju t514-~.{JjJ6'5J LLJTW. (G1a;rT ~ma: Q}lj)&®)

QUIT gil = tSJ{DtT ®tbfDw (i,)urr .!!)J~~Q).

Gurr .J!)JL14 = !PC!!> 8iL6f>W i'mfD(JQltb!D;,Gtf)~ ~fiiJQJ/l)J 6'6ImwdJ ~QJ {b6ln!D ~ tb!!)l8; G c$rr 6ir@!J~""

QUfT .f!)JrnLD = tBmrL Clirr6Uw 9'*'tDJtb® dPlAlwiJUJrrs;q, s;fT~ i)®~~ru.

GUfTm{D = cCmrLa;rr61J~ ~muw QUfT .!f)J/J1hfW.

94

6)Uff IJ)J (1)

GUfTflJrrmLD = t51{Dl)fT &&F§J &6W@ w~t.b Lf(!:{JffiJ®~6iJ. Gurr !!)J~~Q> 6T6kr ~<9 Qa: rT6b6l51 tb~ C:WtOon.p5JUJ G;) u tt (g)61r &GrmfiiJ6lJfTQJ{bp5J tb@)W dDlL1I-uumLUJfTfifT /!lI 9iLD~~6U 6T6iTUC:~. ~g» ILLwurr{b r9rLDd;,,~W !!LQT;?;~fTtb ClTLDI>~~W fiTQT @® i)fDuu(JJW. ~QJtb,g;JG1r C!:Pt6itUJG {D c!pwOJr itjJ.

GUfTJ!)J 6TW~L.b ~UJ GJ{DmGo:rr"', 8)WmLW, LDmQ)UJrr61Tw, ~@!J, ®Lr$W, C:a,rr ~{DLb, .tfJl L6lJ Lh (yJ{ljroJUJ i)fJ 6'51 L Q LOfT ifJ &61f1Gi> LD L@LD6Vp5J I ~ rR UJ G LD tr ifJ 8j dr ~ m", UJQI tb p51 iW t.h G t!F dT J!)J QJlPffiJ~ QI.{PJ, ~~6lJ@W fiT®~~s;e;rrL(j)J Q)1QTJ;CJjI>~rrGi> c::J/p5JUJuu@Lh.

GJUfTJl)J - E bear. to carry, OE, bearan, ON. bera, OFris bera, Du. beren, ~UG, beran. to bear, carry. Goth. bairan, to bear, carry, give birth to, OHG, gi-beran, MHG. gebem, G. gebaren, Arm. beram, I bear, carry, bring, bern, burden, GK, pher: pherein, to bear, carry, L. fer, ferre, to bear, carry, Celt. ber; Alb. mbar; bar, I call)', drag, bit; son, OSlav, bro, birati (for earlier bini), to bring together, collect, take, breme, burden, Slavonic ben brati, Olr. biru, I carry, W. cymeraf, I take, Toeh, par, to bear, bring, fetch, Zend. bar, ber, Skt, bhar; to bear, carry.

dJ,riJ516\lB Qe=rr~

bear, to carry.

bearer, person or thing that carries, personal servant, bringer of letters or message, possessor of shares, L ferter.

bearing, outward behaviour, relation, reference, part of machine that bears the friction.

bairn, Child, that which is born

barley, what the earth bears or brings forth. AS. bere, barley: bier-liebarley (Max Muller).

barrow, two - wheeled handcart for carrying things

berth, adequate sea-room for ship, sleeping place in ship train, etc., naut, use of berth.

bier, movable frame on which coffm on corpse is carried to the grave. birth, the act of being born.

burden, what is borne or carried.

e=LOj)&l ®$fi8: Qsrr!i>am

bhrl, to bear, carry, convey, to hold (on or in). RV.

bhrit, bearing carrying, bringing, supporting maintaining etc. bhrita, borne, carried, gained, etc.

bhruaka, brought, fetched, hired, etc.

6)U(f JI)J (1)

•

UfT6Urr6mITIT

95

bhriti, bearing, carrying, support, maintenance, etc.

bhritya, to be nourished, maintained, a dependent, servant of a king, minister,

bhara, bearing, conveying, supporting, maintaining, etc. bharan«, bearing, maintaining

bharat, bearing, carrying RV.

Biumua, son of Dushyanta and Sakuntala, Bharata varsha, country ofBharata, name of India. Bharata khonda, name of a part of'B, v.

bharl, bearing, possessing, nourishing

bharlman, supporting, nourishing.

bhanrt, a bearer, one who bears or carries, or maintains, a preserver, protector, maintainer, chief, lord, master.

bhartrika, a husband, bhara, weight, load,

Bharata, descended from Bharata.

Bharati, a female descendent of Bharata, N. of a deity (in RV. often invoked among the Apri deities and esp. together with Ita and Saraswati); accord to Nir, viii 13, a daughter of Aditya; later identified with Saraswati, goddess of speech)

~6\) ~'Afl6\) l.D tl)JQJ lq.QJ';: Q"Il6\>

L. portare, to carry, F. porter. E. port, to carry.

L. protabilis, F. portable - E. portable, that can be carried. L. portatus, F. portaticum, E. portage. the act of carrying E. portamento, glide from one tone to another.

L. portatorem, F. porteur, ME. portour; E. porter; carrier,

L portare, It. portatoglis, lit, carrier of leaves, porto folio, E. portfolio. F. porte - manteau, lit 'cloak bearer,' E. portmanteau. a larger traveling bag consisting of two compartments,

port are et Girr~ W ®Q)~~fiU # Gl e: rr6iJ6l51 tb® CJQI.f!)J6lJ yS1 u1I6iJ [66l5J !6.:f!lJw 6lJ 6l5I £64» W (y)6UffiJo;rr LlJI- u1J ®uu §JJ Q u rr (!!J!!J{ljrr gd.

QUI III 6rArU~Ar jlIHQfFlr6\)61D6\) QJ~eQe:I6\)Q)1J 55 Qarr"'L CLDQDQ)lUliflw5 .. L_@g Q.,Il!D56Tr

fer: confer, defer, differ, infer, offer, prefer, pro fffer, refer, suffer, transfer. ferate : vociferate.

ference : difference, circumference, conference phor : metaphor, phoshor,

phor« : cataphora, anthyopo phora, phore : semaphors, ctenophore,

96

6)UfT JIJJ (1)

phoreo : Gk. diaphoreo, to carry through phoron : Gk. adisphoron,

phorous : phosphorous, adiophorous. phery: periplery

port: deport, disport, export, import, rapport, report, support, transport,

51J6\>@QQj6\)IJ.r Q.,rr&\>Q>1J1I uJ~cfI

Glossarial Affmities - West Indo - European Family, "Poru, to sustain to bear, to suffer patiently, poruppu, responsibility, porumei patience, Compo Sans. bhri (bhar), to bear; Gothic bairan, bar, beram, to bear; Old High German beram, peran; English bear, bore; Old English beam, - child; Greek phero; Latin fer-o. Tamil distinguishes between this word and pira; to be born.. .. Latin in like manner distinguishes between par-io andjez-o. whilst the Teutonic tongues make no difference between hear, to sustain, and bear, to bring forth. They constitute one word., from which is formed the past participle to be born or borne and also the noun birth."

UJ{Dthm~ 6T61Jr~W ~L.6IY>~ <D)O:fTib6lJ)Q) 'birth' 6T6iT~w ~diJ8i161J~ (;) a: fT 6iJ 9~iJ (f!J/JfhQ)fT6lJ, tiJ {Du 4 GUJ 6tf)wmUJ c9; ~pJl8; en c: QJG JDrr ® (;) s: fT6lJ §J)J W iJ !!:t/J~rr af} UJ GI LDfT £P'o;61fJ GiJ (!pf!jQ)J6b QJfJ)r!Ji:! u UJQ,- LJ W"'!D~~®8;8iQ)fTW.

8irrGiJ@QfOlJQJfTIT, G> U fT .!J)I or 6isr~Lh Q $l>wGa:rr tb~ ~QT WfT6JT ~rf1UJ~ Q s: rr{br!hWi5)QT ~ ~rrC:LD &filIfr l1I-®uu 4JI ~1iiJ®u G) urfl §II riJ &6lJ65fI 8;a;/I

•

~&8)§JI.

LOll 555~ir c."9J,lJlw';:MlLIrfaJ a..!i>lDIUl

"No one can help seeing that even amongst the most ordinary words in English there are some which are very much alike in sound. If these words have also some similarity in meaning we are justified in supposing that they may have a common origin.

"Take for instance, such words as, to bear, burden, bier, and barrow. They all have the same constituent element, namely, br; they all have a meaning connected with bearing or carrying. Burden is what is carried; bier. what a person is carried on; barrow, in wheel-barrow, an implement for carrying things.

"No doubt, this is only prima facie evidence. We must not forget that we are dealing with a modem language which has passed through many vicissitudes. In order to institute truly scientific comparisons, we should have in each case to trace these words to their Anglo-Saxon, or even to their corresponding Gothic forms.