CHAPTER 1 : RATE OF REACTION

1. Rate of reaction is the speed at which reaction are converted into product in a chemical reaction

2. The rate of reaction is a measurement of the chage in the quantity of raectant or product against
time

3. Rate of reaction = Change in quantity or Product / time taken

Determine the rate of reaction

Average rate of reaction in the third minutes

1. Volume of gas collected in the first 180 sec(V3)

2. Volume of gas collected in the first 120 sec(V2)

3. Volume of gas collected in the third minutes

V3 - V2 = V cm3

4. Time taken for the reaction = 180 – 120

= 60 s

5. Average rate of reaction in the third minute V/60 cm3s-1

Factor affecting the rate of reaction

1. Total surface area of solid reactant

 Marble chips react with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl liberate carbon dioxide, CO2

 CuCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl + CO2 + H2O

 Large marble chip react with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl at a lower rate : when small
marble chip of the same mass are used, the liberation of carbon dioxide, become more
vigarous and faster

2. Concentration of reactant

 The chemical equation for the raection between sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O2 solution and
dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4

 The formation og sulphur causes the solution to turn cloudy. As more sulphur is formed, the
solution becomes more cloudy until mark `X’ disappear sum sight when viewed vertically
from the top through the solution. Hence, the time taken for the mark `X’ to disappear from
sight is the time taken for formation of the same quantity of sulphur

 The concentration is inversly proportional to the time taken

 Concentration (mol dm-3) = 1/time

3. Temperature of reactant

 Na2S2O3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O

As the temperature of reactant increase , the rate of reaction increases

4. Use of catalyst

 If catalyst used the rate of reaction is faster